breedn.
/briːd/, U.S. /brid/ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > [noun]
i-streonc893
strainc950
akennessOE
spreadingOE
upspringc1000
akenningOE
akennednessOE
strainc1175
streningc1230
begetc1330
begettingc1330
engendrurec1350
generationa1382
gettinga1382
genderingc1384
multiplicationa1387
increase1390
prolificationa1393
procreationc1395
engenderinga1400
gendrure?a1400
engendure?a1425
progeniturec1429
propagation?1440
teemingc1450
breeda1500
geniturea1500
engenderment1507
progeneration1548
fathering1549
engender1556
race1561
multiplying1599
pullulation1641
progermination1648
reproduction1713
face-making1785
baby-making1827
begettal1864
fertility1866
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > [adjective] > of breeding age
of breed1607
a1500 Merchant & Son 34 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 134 Ther was not oon man in all thys londe, that bare a bettyr brede.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 601 Let them be yong also, & of breed, Nam melior est ea ætas, quam sequitur spes, qua ea, quam sequitur, mors.
1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia i. iv. 8 Fish, and other liuing Creatures doe differ and varie in..peculiar attributes according to their places of Breede.
1633 G. Herbert Providence in Temple xxviii Nothing useth fire, But man alone, to show his heavenly breed.
2. Race, lineage, stock, family; strain; a line of descendants from a particular parentage, and distinguished by particular hereditary qualities. (Abstract and concrete.)† d. Of plants: A race. Obsolete.
a. of animals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > livestock > stock or breed
lineagea1500
breed1553
seminary1607
strain1607
thoroughbredness1846
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > group sharing common inheritance
foodc1225
stock1549
breed1553
race1563
strain1607
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Eiiij Elephantes, of greater stature, & a better broede.
1611 Bible (King James) Deut. xxxii. 14 Rammes of the breed of Bashan. View more context for this quotation
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler i. 4 To destroy the very breed of those base Otters. View more context for this quotation
1722 London Gaz. No. 6046/4 A dark brown Mare..betwixt Cart and Saddle Breed.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 10 Two dogs of black Saint Hubert's breed.
1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. v. 225 It is necessary from time to time to change, and as it were, to cross the breed.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 312 Many breeds, now extinct or rare, both of quadrupeds and birds.
1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species i. 21 The diversity of the breeds is something astonishing.
b. of men, etc.: now often contemptuous.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > stock, race, or family > [noun]
kinc825
strindc900
maegtheOE
i-cundeeOE
birdeOE
houseOE
kindOE
kindreda1225
bloodc1300
strainc1330
lineage?a1366
generationa1382
progenya1382
stock1382
nationc1395
tribec1400
ligneea1450
lifec1450
family1474
prosapy?a1475
parentage1490
stirpc1503
pedigree1532
racea1547
stem?c1550
breed1596
progenies1673
familia1842
uji1876
1596 E. Spenser Prothalamion 66 They did not seeme To be begot of any earthly seede, But rather angels, or of angels breede.
c1610 S. Rowlands Terrible Battell 41 His wife is of a proud and dainty breed.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 52. ⁋3 To mend the Breed and rectify the Physiognomy of the Family on both Sides.
1770 T. Gray Let. 16 Apr. in Corr. (1971) III. 1112 I never saw such a boy: our breed is not made on this model.
1843 T. B. Macaulay Battle Lake Regillus xiii Titus, the youngest Tarquin, Too good for such a breed.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 368 Warriors of a different breed.
c. gen. A kind, a species, a set. Now colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > a kind, sort, or class
kinc950
kindOE
distinction?c1225
rowc1300
spece1303
spice1303
fashionc1325
espicec1386
differencea1398
statec1450
sort?1523
notion1531
species1561
vein1568
brood1581
rank1585
order1588
race1590
breed1598
strain1612
batch1616
tap1623
siege1630
subdivision1646
notionality1651
category1660
denomination1664
footmark1666
genus1666
world1685
sortment1718
tribe1731
assortment1767
description1776
style1794
grouping1799
classification1803
subcategory1842
type1854
basket1916
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 266 Are these the breede of Wits so wondered at? View more context for this quotation
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 73 That measure of rest, and new breed of quickners that have befallen the body in the night.
1881 Folk-lore Rec. 4 106 The word breed is peculiarly used [in Irish folk-lore], as they speak of ‘breeds of cabbages’, ‘breeds of potatoes’, &c.
1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee xxiii. 289 All the different breeds of rockets.
1964 Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 115 569 The purpose of this paper is not to propose the design and construction of new breeds of computers.
1967 Boston Sunday Herald 26 Mar. i. 9/3 Development Administrator Edward J. Logue—a new breed of planner.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > variety or species > [noun]
race1566
breed1687
1687 A. Lovell tr. C. de Bergerac Comical Hist. i. 153 Now the Breed of that Fruit..is lost in your World.
e. A person of mixed race or descent. Also attributive. Originally North American. [Probably originally short for half-breed n. 1a.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > mixed race > [noun] > person
mongrel1542
of (the) half blood1697
half-caste1758
half-breed1760
lip-lap1798
quarter-breed1821
half-blood1826
half-and-half1827
quarter-blood1827
quarter-caste1859
mixed blooda1862
brown1862
miscegen1864
yellowbelly1867
breed1870
redbone1890
miscegenate1898
high yellow1910
samba1958
lightie1991
1870 Canadian Illustr. News 26 Feb. 271/3 The ‘breeds’ in their ire said on him they'd fire For him 'twas a regular sell, sell, sell.
1892 Outing Jan. 287/1 A tall, wiry ‘Breed’ hunter, called Dave, or ‘Injun Dave’, according to taste.
1892 Harper's Mag. Feb. 387/2 One-quarter of the number of ‘breeds’ could read and write.
1901 Munsey's Mag. 25 339/2 The breeds sullenly lying in their second line of defense.
1905 D. Wallace Lure of Labrador Wild iii. 47 Eskimos and ‘breeds’, the latter being a comprehensive name for persons whose origin is a mixture in various combinations and proportions of Eskimo, Indian, and European.
1905 D. Wallace Labrador Wild iii. 48 Tom Blake, a breed, who had trapped at the upper or western end of Grand Lake.
1926 J. Black You can't Win xvi. 229 I soon mastered Chinook, practicing on the two ‘breed’ boys.
a. Offspring; esp. The young brought forth at the same time viewed collectively; a family, litter. Obsolete (or dialect); now replaced by brood n. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > family unit > [noun] > offspring or young > born at same time
teamOE
litter1486
brodmella1522
breed1574
kindling1865
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > [noun] > offspring
seedOE
offspringOE
begottena1325
birtha1325
issuea1325
burgeoninga1340
fruit of the loinsa1340
young onec1384
increasement1389
geta1400
gendera1425
procreation1461
progeniturec1487
engendera1500
propagation1536
feture1537
increase1552
breed1574
spawn1590
bowela1593
teeming1599
pullulation1641
prolifications1646
educt1677
produce1823
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > [noun] > progeny or offspring
bairn-teamc885
childeOE
tudderc897
seedOE
teamOE
wastum971
offspringOE
i-cundeOE
fostera1175
i-streonc1175
strainc1175
brooda1300
begetc1300
barm-teamc1315
issuea1325
progenyc1330
fruit of the loinsa1340
bowel1382
young onec1384
suita1387
engendrurea1400
fruitinga1400
geta1400
birth?a1425
porturec1425
progenityc1450
bodyfauntc1460
generation1477
fryc1480
enfantement1483
infantment1483
blood issue1535
propagation1536
offspring1548
race1549
family?1552
increase1552
breed1574
begetting1611
sperm1641
bed1832
fruitage1850
1574 J. Baret Aluearie B 1066 The yonge breed of bees.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. iii. 132 Lend it not As to thy friends, for when did friendship take A breede for barraine mettaile of his friend? View more context for this quotation
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xii. sig. B3v And nothing gainst Times sieth can make defence Saue breed to brave him, when he takes thee hence. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 103 We now proceed To teeming Kine; and their laborious breed.
1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xviii. 329 The hen..is frightened when her supposititious breed of ducklings take the water.
1863 J. C. Atkinson Provinc. Danby Breed, a brood, a litter of young ones.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [phrase] > at a birth
at a breed1681
1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis i. ii. iii. 40 She lays them in the sand..sometimes above a hundred at a breed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > child > [noun]
wenchelc890
childeOE
littleOE
littlingOE
hired-childc1275
smalla1300
brolla1325
innocentc1325
chickc1330
congeonc1330
impc1380
faunt1382
young onec1384
scionc1390
weea1400
birdc1405
chickenc1440
enfaunta1475
small boyc1475
whelp1483
burden1490
little one1509
brat?a1513
younkerkin1528
kitling1541
urchin1556
loneling1579
breed1586
budling1587
pledge?1587
ragazzo1591
simplicity1592
bantling1593
tadpole1594
two-year-old1594
bratcheta1600
lambkin1600
younker1601
dandling1611
buda1616
eyas-musketa1616
dovelinga1618
whelplinga1618
puppet1623
butter printa1625
chit1625
piggy1625
ninnyc1626
youngster1633
fairya1635
lap-child1655
chitterling1675
squeaker1676
cherub1680
kid1690
wean1692
kinchin1699
getlingc1700
totum17..
charity-child1723
small girl1734
poult1739
elfin1748
piggy-wiggy1766
piccaninny1774
suck-thumb18..
teeny1802
olive1803
sprout1813
stumpie1820
sexennarian1821
totty1822
toddle1825
toddles1828
poppet1830
brancher1833
toad1836
toddler1837
ankle-biter1840
yarkera1842
twopenny1844
weeny1844
tottykins1849
toddlekins1852
brattock1858
nipper1859
sprat1860
ninepins1862
angelet1868
tenas man1870
tad1877
tacker1885
chavvy1886
joey1887
toddleskin1890
thumb-sucker1891
littlie1893
peewee1894
tyke1894
che-ild1896
kiddo1896
mother's bairn1896
childling1903
kipper1905
pick1905
small1907
God forbid1909
preadolescent1909
subadolescent1914
toto1914
snookums1919
tweenie1919
problem child1920
squirt1924
trottie1924
tiddler1927
subteen1929
perisher1935
poopsie1937
pre-schooler1937
pre-teen1938
pre-teener1940
juvie1941
sprog1944
pikkie1945
subteenager1947
pre-teenager1948
pint-size1954
saucepan lid1960
rug rat1964
smallie1984
bosom-child-
1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. i. ii. 4 Cybell [had] brought to light Her second Breed, a smiling boy.
1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. x. lv. 253 When Junos Breed on farther bankes his passenger had set.
ΚΠ
1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 48 The Sea..so rendred more salutary for the maintenance of its Breed.
Compounds
breed-cup n. a prize at a show, etc., given to the best animal of a particular breed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > [noun] > livestock competition or trial > prize for best of breed
breed-cup1888
breed-prize1896
1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 10 Dec. 8/2 There are seven silver breed cups for the cattle classes.
1896 Daily News 8 Dec. 5/1 The Breed Cup for shorthorns was taken by the Earl of Rosebery's ‘Proud Madam’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > [noun] > member of subfamily Anserinea (goose) > domestic
stubble-goosec1386
breed-goose1465
brood-goosea1625
Strasbourg goose1803
1465 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 296 A gander, iiij. bredegese, and v. goslynges.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > livestock > stock or breed > animals kept for breeding > female animal for breeding
breed-mother1668
1668 G. Markham Way to Wealth vi. 49 No good House-wife will breed of a young, but of an old breed-mother.
breed-prize n. = breed-cup n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > [noun] > livestock competition or trial > prize for best of breed
breed-cup1888
breed-prize1896
1896 Daily News 4 Mar. 8/6 Mr. G. Jackson, of Birmingham, has the breed prize.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > male > uncastrated or ram > kept for breeding purposes
rameOE
breed-rama1661
ram-getter1790
wether-getter1790
teaser1823
stallion1842
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Bucks. 127 To give ten pound or more for a Breed-ram.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > domestic animal > [adjective] > of livestock > kept for breeding
breed-reserved1611
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. v. iii. 161/1 The breed-reserued creatures saued in the floting Arke.
breed-society n. a society which is concerned with the production of a particular breed of animal.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > [noun] > breed-society
breed-society1892
1892 Daily News 14 Sept. 5/5 The future of stock fairs will be in some degree affected by the breed-societies.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
breedv.
/briːd/, U.S. /brid/ I. transitive (and absol.).† 7. with complement. To cause to become; to make, cause, bring (into a state, or to do something). Obsolete.† 8. To cherish, foster. Obsolete.
1. † b. To generate. Obsolete.† c. figurative. Obsolete.
a. transitive. Said of a female parent: To cherish (brood) in the womb or egg; to bring (offspring) forward from the germ to the birth; to hatch (young birds) from the egg; to produce (offspring, children).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > pregnancy or gestation > carry in womb [verb (transitive)]
bearOE
breedc1000
enfaunt1483
carry1561
enwomba1616
expect1800
gestate1866
c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 10 Þæt sind beon..of ðam hunige hi bredað heora brod.
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1633 Ich not to hwan þu bredst..þi brod.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12223 Quat wamb him bare or brede.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3895 Lya bred child, and hadd a sun.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 463/2 I..brede yonge, as a woman or any other suche beest dothe.
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. i. 8 Neither thou in begetting him, nor his Mother in breeding him, did once thinke vppon the fashioning of him in hir wombe.
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus ii. iii. 146 Yet euerie Mother breeds not sonnes a like. View more context for this quotation
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. xviii. 311 A man kept me to breed chil'en for market.
ΚΠ
a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) x. Prol. 52 The Fader..evir bredis Hys Son, hys word and wysdom eternall.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > produce or bring forth
doeOE
makelOE
to bring forthc1175
farrow?c1225
childc1350
fodmec1390
raise1402
spring?1440
upbringc1440
breed1526
procreate1546
hatch1549
generate1556
product1577
deprompt1586
produce1587
spire1590
sprout1598
represent1601
effer1606
depromea1652
germinate1796
output1858
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. AAiiiiv We conceyue our owne sorowe, & breed therof..vnrightuousnesse.
1595 E. Spenser Amoretti ii, in Amoretti & Epithalamion sig. A2v Vnquiet thought, whom at the first I bred..And sithens haue with sighes and sorrowes fed.
2. absol. To be pregnant, to be with young or with child. (Now chiefly dialect.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > pregnancy or gestation > be pregnant [verb (intransitive)]
goOE
to go with childc1300
baga1400
gravidate1623
breed1629
(to be) in an interesting condition1748
gestate1883
expect1906
infanticipate1934
1629 J. Gaule Practique Theories Christs Predict. 85 So breeds the Virgin by her owne, and vnusuall Seed.
1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 352 Women breeding or with child.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 430. ⁋3 Lucina..was breeding, and she did nothing but entertain the Company with a Discourse upon the Difficulty of Reckoning to a Day.
1735 J. Swift Stella at Wood-Park in Wks. II. 214 Like a Lady breeding.
1885 R. L. Stevenson & F. Stevenson Dynamiter Ded. Yours is the side of the child, of the breeding woman, of individual pity and public trust.
3.
a. absol. Of animal species: To produce brood or young; to have offspring; to propagate their species.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (transitive)]
kenc825
begeteOE
strenec893
raisec1175
breeda1250
kenec1275
felefolda1300
engendera1325
tiddera1325
multiplyc1350
genderc1384
producea1513
procreatea1525
propagate1535
generate1552
product1577
kind1596
traduce1599
pullulate1602
traduct1604
progenerate1611
store1611
spawna1616
spawna1617
reproduce1650
propage1695
to make a baby1911
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 101 That other ȝer a faukun bredde.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 177 In eche roche þer ys..an ernes nest, þat hii bredeþ in ywys.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 49 Bredyn or hetchyn, as byrdys, pullifico.
1532–3 Act 24 Hen. VIII x Rookes..do daily brede and increase throughout this realm.
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler 167 Most fish breed after this manner. View more context for this quotation
1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xxvii. 539 Mankind will in every country breed up to a certain point of distress.
1836–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. II. 468/2 A mare has bred with an ass and has had a mule foal.
1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species i. 9 Carnivorous animals..breed in this country pretty freely under confinement.
b. figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (intransitive)] > in amount, number, or frequency
waxc897
increasec1315
multiplyc1330
spawnc1400
breed1600
propagate1653
proliferate1915
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing i. iii. 3 There is no measure in the occasion that breeds, therfore the sadnesse is without limit. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. ii. 146 Shee speakes, and 'tis such sence That my Sence breeds with it.
1623 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. VII. O.T. xix. 252 Kindnesses breed on themselues.
1866 Duke of Argyll Reign of Law i. 2 Half the perplexities of men are traceable to obscurity of thought hiding and breeding under obscurity of language.
4. transitive. Said of countries, situations, or conditions, engendering living things; also, in the passive, of animals being engendered or brought into existence (without reference to parental action).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > give existence to living things
breeda1250
engendera1325
ingener1513
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1722 Theȝ heo nere i-bred a wolde, Ho was i-toȝen among mankunne.
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 143 Efte busched to þe abyme þat breed fyssches.
1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1483) iv. ii. 58 In these pepyns was bredde a worme.
1574 J. Baret Aluearie B 1066 Rotten timber breedeth wormes.
1590 R. Greene Neuer too Late i. 11 Women are vniuersally mala necessaria, wheresoeuer they be eyther bred or brought vp.
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler 85 There be certaine waters that breed Trouts. View more context for this quotation
1675 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Odysses ix. 30 Rocky is Ithaca..But breedeth able men.
1813 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. (ed. 4) III. 122 This insect..is bred and nourished in bacon.
1883 Eng. Illustr. Mag. Nov. 72 A hard place..to live in, and fit to breed a hardy race.
5. † b. To develop (teeth, wings, or the like). Obsolete.† c. To produce (products of human art). Obsolete.
a. Of the natural production of things inanimate: now esp. in ‘to breed fever’ and the like; also figurative ‘to breed bad blood’ (see blood n.), etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > produce or bring forth > yield or produce naturally
fruita1382
engendera1393
breeda1398
gendera1398
yielda1400
proferc1425
to bring out1545
generate1563
produce1585
brooda1625
to send forth1626
propagate1699
pan1873
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xv. xlii. 749 Also that londe [sc. Crete] bredeth precious stones.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) viii. xxviii. 339 Oores of metall ben gendred and bred depe wythin the erthe.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 257 Hit was þe forme-foster þat þe folde bred.
1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. iv. 13/1 The great number of men in the ship were the cause of breeding the same [plague].
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 641 To sucke all [the milk] that their dammes can breede.
1653 R. Austen Treat. Fruit-trees 76 Figgs are said to..breed store of blood.
1665 R. Boyle Disc. iv. iv, in Occas. Refl. sig. F4v Green Fruit..breeds Sickness in the Body.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 1 What is bred in the Bone will not go out of the Flesh.
1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies v. 203 Dirt breeds fever.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [verb (transitive)] > develop
producea1513
breed1544
bud1568
1544 T. Phaer Regim. Lyfe (1560) S v b About the seventh moneth..after ye byrthe, it is natural for a childe for to breede teeth.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1010 Divinitie within them breeding wings. View more context for this quotation
1738 T. Shaw Trav. Barbary & Levant 622 When the little ones [lion cubs] breed their teeth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > produce or bring forth > products of human art
breed1577
1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande vii. f. 24v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I His penne..is dailye breeding of such learned bookes.
1699 J. Pomfret Reason 52 Those books that modern times have bred.
6.
a. To give rise to, engender, develop, produce, create, cause, be the source of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > give rise to
makeOE
breedc1200
wakea1325
wakenc1330
engendera1393
gendera1398
raisea1400
begetc1443
reara1513
ingener1513
ingenerate1528
to stir upc1530
yield1576
to pull ona1586
to brood up1586
to set afloat (on float)1586
spawn1594
innate1602
initiate1604
inbreed1605
irritate1612
to give rise to1630
to let in1655
to gig (out)1659
to set up1851
gin1887
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 55 Estmetes þe bredeð sinnes.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. civ. 996 Rype apples þerof [sc. mandragora] ben ydryed in schadowe. Þe smylle of þe applis is heuy and brediþ slepe.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 278 It breded & areised greate enuie and grutchyng against Caesar.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 3 Noght breeds theym coomfort.
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iv. 120 Warres may breed pouertie, and pouertie breedeth peace.
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. iii. 134 Shee is young, wise, faire..And these breed honour. View more context for this quotation
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. ii. 6 Lying cold breedeth Dreams of Feare.
1878 J. Morley Diderot II. 184 An iniquitous government breeds despair in men's souls.
b. Rarely with forth (obsolete), up.
ΚΠ
a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 9v Our reasons serue onelie to breede forth talke.
1605 R. B. in R. Verstegan Restit. Decayed Intelligence Commend. Verses The beauteous light, Bred foorth of Phebus bright arysing rayes.
1877 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea (ed. 6) I. i. 10 Acts which tended to breed up causes of quarrel.
c. Nuclear Engineering. To produce (fissile material) in a breeder reactor.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with other materials > work with other materials [verb (transitive)] > work with fissile material
breed1948
1948 Nature 28 Aug. 318/1 Uranium 235..must be made to breed ‘secondary’ fuel from more abundant materials.
1955 Times 5 Aug. 9/7 The more spectacular third-stage reactor, in which nuclear fuel is ‘bred’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > cause to be or become
seta1000
workOE
makeOE
puta1382
turna1393
yieldc1430
breedc1460
rendera1522
devolve1533
cause1576
infer1667
c1460 Launfal 704 Sche ley doun yn hyr bedde, For wrethe syk sche hyr bredde.
c1465 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 14 God bred her to be delivered of her son Nicholas on Tewsday.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) xxix. 174 Such a Proportion of Land..as may breed a Subiect, to liue in Conuenient Plenty.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > thought > think or have in mind [verb (transitive)] > cherish
breed?c1225
cherishc1385
entertain1567
nursle1746
nurture1792
reverie1832
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 164 Monie..bred inhire breoste sum liunes welp.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 150 Þe bred hit inbreoste. al is attri to god.
9.
a. To take charge of or promote the engendering of (animals); to ‘raise’ (cattle).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > rear animals [verb (transitive)] > breed
breedc1400
multiplya1550
raise1590
store1611
c1400 Gamelyn 359 Þe bestis þou hast forþ bredde.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. vi For to rere and brede catell.
1676 J. Ray Corr. (1848) 121 The manner of breeding Canary-birds.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 21 A great number of small cattle are bred in this province.
1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany iii. 28 A Frenchman cannot breed a foal without the assistance of the paternal government.
b. absol.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > rear animals [verb (intransitive)]
store1611
ranch1853
breed1859
farm1891
1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species (1873) i. 24 Hardly any one is so careless as to breed from his worst animals.
c. To put (an animal) to (another) for breeding.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > rear animals [verb (transitive)] > breed > put to for breeding
put?1523
to put to?1523
match1530
matea1593
submit1697
couple1721
breed1886
1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 161 The ewes to which he is bred.
1955 W. W. Denlinger Compl. Boston 57 Half of the top bitches in the entire country may have been bred to him upon the strength of his winning record.
10. To train up to a state of physical or mental development. [This sense is evidently transferred from 1; the young creature being viewed as a rude germ to be developed by nurture.]
a. To rear (animals) so as to develop their physical qualities or intelligence.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > rear animals [verb (transitive)] > rear to develop qualities
breed?1523
cross-breed1675
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxviv A Horse maister is he that byeth wylde horses or coltes, or bredeth them.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 98 The Generous Youth, who..to the Plough the sturdy Bullock breeds . View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 101 To chuse a Youthful Steed..To breed him, break him, back him. View more context for this quotation
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth The wild ass is even more assinine..than that bred in a state of..servitude.
b. To train up (young persons) in the arts of life; to educate, tutor, bring up. Also with complemental object, as ‘to breed him a scholar, a papist’, and with to, ‘to breed him to a profession, to the law’, etc. (Bring up is the ordinary modern equivalent in all shades of meaning.)† (a) To train by education, educate, teach. Obsolete.† (c) Also to breed up. archaic or Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > [verb (transitive)]
tighta1000
teec1000
thewc1175
forma1340
informc1350
nurturec1475
train1531
breeda1568
train1600
to lick (a person or thing) into (shape , etc.)1612
scholar1807
educate1826
a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 23v One of the best Scholers, that euer S. Johns Colledge bred.
1615 Sir R. Boyle in Lismore P. (1886) II. 101 I sent my eldest son..into England to be bred there.
a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1956) VIII. 146 Breed them not in an opinion that such a faith as is without workes is enough.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Berks. 93 John Mason..was..bred in All-souls in Oxford.
1676 W. Wycherley Plain-dealer (1678) i. i. 9 She lodges in one of the Inns of Chancery, where she breeds her Son, and is her self his Tutoress in Law-French.
1706 London Gaz. No. 4220/3 Restraining them from taking and breeding Apprentices.
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 180. ⁋1 A wealthy trader..having the ambition to breed his son a scholar, carried him to an university.
1774 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry I. Diss. ii. sig. f3 The universal ardour..of breeding almost all persons to letters.
1796 R. Southey Hymn to Penates in Wks. II. 279 We grew up Together, and in the same school were bred.
1834 R. Southey Doctor I. 259 He..did not determine upon breeding him either to the Church, or the Law.
(b) To bring up from childhood, including all the circumstances which go to form the religious persuasion, manners, position in life, and trade.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > upbringing > [verb (transitive)]
i-teon975
forthbringc1000
forthwiseOE
nourishc1300
nurshc1325
feedc1330
updraw1390
uprearc1400
educate1445
norrya1450
nurturea1450
to bring up1484
endue1526
nuzzle1558
rear1558
nurse1584
to breed up1611
cradle1613
breed1650
raise1744
rare1798
mud1814
to fetch up1841
rise1843
1650 R. Baxter Saints Everlasting Rest (ed. 5) ii. 247 David, who was bred a Shepherd.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 37 In Desarts thou wert bred.
1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. ii. i. 203 Thou talk'st as if thou had'st been bred a Heathen.
a1790 B. Franklin Autobiogr. (1981) i. 3 Thomas was bred a Smith under his Father.
1813 W. Scott Rokeby iv. viii. 165 He bids thee breed him as thy son.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 239 Most of these functionaries had been bred Churchmen.
1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. vii. 341 The old traditions in which they had been bred.
1867 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighbourhood I. vii. 163 I bred him to the joiner's trade, sir.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > upbringing > [verb (transitive)]
i-teon975
forthbringc1000
forthwiseOE
nourishc1300
nurshc1325
feedc1330
updraw1390
uprearc1400
educate1445
norrya1450
nurturea1450
to bring up1484
endue1526
nuzzle1558
rear1558
nurse1584
to breed up1611
cradle1613
breed1650
raise1744
rare1798
mud1814
to fetch up1841
rise1843
1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 3 Boyes that are bred up in the Scriptures.
a1629 W. Hinde Faithfull Remonstr. (1641) iv. 14 Very few Gentlemen..will bee at the cost to breed up two [sons] in the University.
1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. i. vi. 21 Suppose that I am bred up..in the Church of England.
1736 Pendarves in Swift's Lett. (1766) II. 229 The poor duchess is often reproached with her being bred up in Burr-street, Wapping.
1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. i. 9 Arithmo had been bred up to Accounts all his Life.
1804 M. Edgeworth Contrast i, in Pop. Tales III. 3 Neither of them took care to breed up their children well.
1836 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. (ed. 2) II. ix. 115 He was bred up in a human school.
II. intransitive (for reflexive).† 13. with complement. To grow or become (something). Obsolete.† 14. ? To nestle, to hive; to dwell. Obsolete.
11. † b. Of eggs: To be hatched. Obsolete.† c. Of vegetables, animal structures, growth, etc.: To come forth, spring, grow. Obsolete.† d. Of mineral products: To be formed naturally, be produced. Obsolete.
a. To come into being or existence, as a continued process; hence, to be engendered or produced.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > be born [verb (intransitive)]
arisec950
to come forthOE
to come into (also to) the worldOE
riseOE
breedc1200
kenec1275
birtha1325
to wax forth1362
deliver?c1450
kindlec1450
seed?a1475
issuec1515
arrive1615
born1698
to see the light1752
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (intransitive)] > be made or produced
acomeOE
breedc1200
newc1390
gendera1398
foddenc1440
surmount1522
rise1549
naturate1576
superfete1642
kittle1823
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (intransitive)]
teemOE
tidderOE
breedc1200
felefolda1300
fructifya1325
creasec1380
multiplyc1390
engendera1400
fawn1481
procreate1576
propagate1601
generate1605
spawn1607
pullulate1618
populate1625
reproduce1650
prolify1660
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 165 Wuremes breden in wilderne.
c1320 Anticrist 32 Nu sal yee her..Hu þat anticrist sal brede.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16410 His blod on us be, and on þaim þat of vs sal brede.
c1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 4 Heil crowned queene..Heil þat alle oure blis in bradde!
c1440 York Myst. xxxii. 130 Woo worthe þe wombe þat I bredde ynne.
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 29 The woorme, yt breedes within it.
1601 P. Rosseter Bk. of Ayres ii. ii. sig. K It is a sweete delicious morne, where day is breeding neuer borne.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §696 Fleas breed principally of Straw or Mats, where there hath been a little moisture.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [verb (intransitive)] > hatch out
ken1399
bradden1653
breed1661
1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 108 They lay egges, which breed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [verb (intransitive)] > grow
waxc1000
thrivec1175
breeda1350
grow1382
springc1384
upgrowc1430
shoot1538
bud1566
eche1567
to start up1570
vegetate1605
excresce1691
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 44 Blosmes bredeþ on þe bowes.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 68 Lewis on the branchis spredis, And blomys bricht besyd thame bredis.
?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Civv Fro whens bredeth the synewes?
1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) iii. xi. 153 Certain strong band, breeding from without, and creeping to the Cheek-bone.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > [verb (intransitive)] > be formed or grow
breed1398
grow1695
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Tollemache MS.) (1495) xvi. iii That stone [alabaster] þat bredeþ [L. nascitur] aboute Thebe.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Tollemache MS.) (1495) xix. xxiii. 877 Some colour bredeth in veynes of the erthe, as Sinopis Rubrica.
12. figurative. To arise, originate, spring forth, make their appearance.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > [verb (intransitive)] > come into existence
awakenc885
waxc888
arisec950
beOE
comeOE
aspringc1000
atspringOE
growOE
to come upOE
inrisea1300
breedc1385
upspringc1386
takec1391
to come in?c1430
engender?1440
uprise1471
braird?a1500
risea1513
insurde1521
insurge1523
spring1538
to start up1568
exsurge1578
upstart1580
become1605
born1609
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 1156 Of which ther gan to bredyn swich a fyer.
1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. i. iii. 9 His high exploits, whereof such wonder bread.
1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India I. iii. iv. 585 [He] allowed..discontents & jealousies to breed in the army.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > change [verb (intransitive)] > pass into state, become
yworthOE
worthOE
goOE
becomec1175
come?a1200
waxc1220
charea1225
aworthc1275
makea1300
fallc1300
breedc1325
grow1340
strikea1375
yern1377
entera1382
turna1400
smitec1400
raxa1500
resolvea1500
to get into ——?1510
waxen1540
get1558
prove1560
proceed1578
befall1592
drop1654
evade1677
emerge1699
to turn out1740
to gain into1756
permute1864
slip1864
c1325 Poem temp. Edw. II lxiii Thei..bredeth wode for wele.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1558 Þenne þe bolde Baltazar bred ner wode.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > [verb (intransitive)]
wonc725
erdec893
siteOE
liveeOE
to make one's woningc960
through-wonOE
bigc1175
walkc1225
inwonea1300
lenda1300
lenga1300
lingera1300
erthec1300
stallc1315
lasta1325
lodge1362
habit?a1366
breeda1375
inhabitc1374
indwella1382
to have one's mansionc1385
to take (up) one's inn (or inns)a1400
keepc1400
repairc1400
to have (also hold, keep, make) one's residencec1405
to hold (also keep, make, take, etc.) one's mansiona1425
winc1425
to make (one's) residence1433
resort1453
abidec1475
use1488
remaina1500
demur1523
to keep one's house1523
occupy1523
reside1523
enerdc1540
kennel1552
bower1596
to have (also hold, keep, make) residence1597
subsist1618
mansiona1638
tenant1650
fastena1657
hospitate1681
wont1692
stay1754
to hang out1811
home1832
habitate1866
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1782 To sum wildernesse where as þei bredde.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 21 Quen þis Bretayn watȝ bigged..Bolde bredden þer-inne.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 415 He Corounde me quene in blysse to brede.
Phrases
Phrases. to breed out: to exhaust the breed, degenerate (obsolete); also, to eliminate (a characteristic) by (controlled) breeding; to breed in and in: to breed always with near relatives; the opposite being to breed out and out.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (transitive)] > exhaust by excessive breeding
overbreed1598
to breed outa1616
overteem1877
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [verb (transitive)] > breed out
to breed out1922
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iii. v. 29 Our Madames mock at vs, and plainely say, Our Mettell is bred out. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) i. i. 250 The straine of mans bred out into Baboon and Monkey. View more context for this quotation
1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto I lvii. 31 In that point so precise in each degree That they bred in and in..Marrying their cousins—nay, their aunts and nieces.
1922 R. Leighton Compl. Bk. Dog xii. 178 Most Irish water spaniels have bad, straight shoulders, a defect which should be bred out.
1941 J. S. Huxley Uniqueness of Man xv. 299 We could theoretically breed out much of human variety.
Compounds
Combinations formed on the verb-stem: † breed-sleep adj. Obsolete sleep-breeding, soporific.† breed-young adj. Obsolete having young, suckling.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > family unit > [adjective] > having young
breed-young1582
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [adjective] > causing or inducing sleep
sleepingc1369
sleepy1398
lullingc1440
somnolentc1475
sleepery1513
sleeprife1513
narcotic1526
opiate1543
breed-sleep1582
somnoriferous1583
drowsy1590
dormitive1593
soporiferous1601
somniferous1602
sleep-bringing1605
dormitary1609
hypnotic1625
dormitory1631
papaverous1646
dormant1654
hypnotical1657
somnifyinga1661
sleepifying1662
slumberous1667
soporific1690
somnific1721
somniculous1820
somnorific1865
soporous1866
drowsing1881
narcoleptic1984
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 79 Hoonnye liquid sprinckling and breede sleepe wild popye strawing.
1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. (1632) Swifter then breed-yong Tiger.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1465v.c1000- proterandrously
- proterandrousness
- proterandry
- proteranthous
- proteranthy
- proterical
- protero
- protero-
- proterobase
- proterogenesis
- proterogenetic
- proterogenetically
- proteroglossate
- proteroglyph
- proteroglyphous
- proterogynous
- proterogyny
- proterosaur
- proterosaurian
- proterotome
- proterozoic
- proterve
- protervely
- protervity
- protervous