† bremeadj.adv.

/briːm/

Forms: Old English– bréme, Middle English– breme; also Middle English–1500s brem, Middle English– brim, Middle English brime, Middle English–1500s brym, Middle English–1500s brymme, bryme, Middle English–1600s breeme, 1500s brimme, 1500s–1600s breem, (1600s breame).

Etymology: In Branch I, Old English bróeme, bréme, (brýme), celebrated, famous. The origin of Branch II, which did not exist in Old English, and was more decidedly northern in Middle English use, is at present unexplained. The Lindisfarne Gosp. has (Matt., Pref. l. 10) broemende as a gloss of Latin fervēre , which gives a sense related to branch II; but it is difficult to see the connection between this and Old English bróeme , bréman . Nor can branch II be derived < Old English bremman to bray, roar, ‘rudere, fremere’, Middle English brim v.¹, though there may have been later confusion between a ‘breme’ or ‘brim’ boar, and a ‘brimming’ boar.

Obsolete exc. poetic and dialect (brim) in sense A. 6.

A. adj.

I. Celebrated, brilliant, clear, loud, distinct.

†1. Celebrated, famous, glorious (only in Old English); hence as a general epithet of admiration: Excellent, good, ‘fine’, ‘famous’; sometimes apparently = very big or strong. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective]

faireOE

bremea1000

goodlyOE

goodfulc1275

noblec1300

pricec1300

specialc1325

gentlec1330

fine?c1335

singulara1340

thrivena1350

thriven and throa1350

gaya1375

properc1380

before-passinga1382

daintiful1393

principala1398

gradelya1400

burlyc1400

daintyc1400

thrivingc1400

voundec1400

virtuousc1425

hathelc1440

curiousc1475

singlerc1500

beautiful1502

rare?a1534

gallant1539

eximious1547

jolly1548

egregious?c1550

jellyc1560

goodlike1562

brawc1565

of worth1576

brave?1577

surprising1580

finger-licking1584

admirablea1586

excellinga1586

ambrosial1598

sublimated1603

excellent1604

valiant1604

fabulous1609

pure1609

starryc1610

topgallant1613

lovely1614

soaringa1616

twanging1616

preclarent1623

primea1637

prestantious1638

splendid1644

sterling1647

licking1648

spankinga1666

rattling1690

tearing1693

famous1695

capital1713

yrare1737

pure and —1742

daisy1757

immense1762

elegant1764

super-extra1774

trimming1778

grand1781

gallows1789

budgeree1793

crack1793

dandy1794

first rate1799

smick-smack1802

severe1805

neat1806

swell1810

stamming1814

divine1818

great1818

slap-up1823

slapping1825

high-grade1826

supernacular1828

heavenly1831

jam-up1832

slick1833

rip-roaring1834

boss1836

lummy1838

flash1840

slap1840

tall1840

high-graded1841

awful1843

way up1843

exalting1844

hot1845

ripsnorting1846

clipping1848

stupendous1848

stunning1849

raving1850

shrewd1851

jammy1853

slashing1854

rip-staving1856

ripping1858

screaming1859

up to dick1863

nifty1865

premier cru1866

slap-bang1866

clinking1868

marvellous1868

rorty1868

terrific1871

spiffing1872

all wool and a yard wide1882

gorgeous1883

nailing1883

stellar1883

gaudy1884

fizzing1885

réussi1885

ding-dong1887

jim-dandy1888

extra-special1889

yum-yum1890

out of sight1891

outasight1893

smooth1893

corking1895

large1895

super1895

hot dog1896

to die for1898

yummy1899

deevy1900

peachy1900

hi1901

v.g.1901

v.h.c.1901

divvy1903

doozy1903

game ball1905

goodo1905

bosker1906

crackerjack1910

smashinga1911

jake1914

keen1914

posh1914

bobby-dazzling1915

juicy1916

pie on1916

jakeloo1919

snodger1919

whizz-bang1920

wicked1920

four-star1921

wow1921

Rolls-Royce1922

whizz-bang1922

wizard1922

barry1923

nummy1923

ripe1923

shrieking1926

crazy1927

righteous1930

marvy1932

cool1933

plenty1933

brahmaa1935

smoking1934

solid1935

mellow1936

groovy1937

tough1937

bottler1938

fantastic1938

readyc1938

ridge1938

super-duper1938

extraordinaire1940

rumpty1940

sharp1940

dodger1941

grouse1941

perfecto1941

pipperoo1945

real gone1946

bosting1947

supersonic1947

whizzo1948

neato1951

peachy-keen1951

ridgey-dite1953

ridgy-didge1953

top1953

whizzing1953

badass1955

wild1955

belting1956

magic1956

bitching1957

swinging1958

ridiculous1959

a treat1959

fab1961

bad-assed1962

uptight1962

diggish1963

cracker1964

marv1964

radical1964

bakgat1965

unreal1965

pearly1966

together1968

safe1970

bad1971

brilliant1971

fabby1971

schmick1972

butt-kicking1973

ripper1973

Tiffany1973

bodacious1976

rad1976

kif1978

awesome1979

death1979

killer1979

fly1980

shiok1980

stonking1980

brill1981

dope1981

to die1982

mint1982

epic1983

kicking1983

fabbo1984

mega1985

ill1986

posho1989

pukka1991

lovely jubbly1992

awesomesauce2001

nang2002

bess2006

amazeballs2009

boasty2009

daebak2009

beaut2013

a1000 Ags. Ps. cxxxv[i]. 21 Og..wæs swyþe breme cyning on Basane.

a1300 Floriz & Bl. 792 Þilke feste was wel breme.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 18 A big bold barn & breme of his age.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xii. 224 How euere beste or brydde hath so breme wittes.

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 862 Vchonez blysse is breme & beste.

†2. Brilliant, shining, bright; hence, clearly seen, evident, apparent, obvious. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adjective] > clearly visible

senec1175

well seenc1175

naked?c1225

well isenec1275

bremec1340

evidenta1382

apparent1393

palpable?1435

open1478

pointablea1555

faira1568

full-eyed1581

unmasked1590

eyeful?1611

plain1613

prospecta1640

unovercloudeda1658

intuitive1801

unmystified1822

shroudless1841

unforeshortened1846

trenchant1849

focusable1889

c1340 Alisaunder 533 Of Barbre þe bryght God brem to beholde.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. gvii^v The lyght of grace..is so breme in these holy soules.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1563 Ymagry..Of bestes and babery breme to beholde.

1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. sig. F.vj Thei moustred sumwhat brim in our eyes.

1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Medea (new ed.) i, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 121 Lyfe seems the bayte to sight that lyeth brim, Death is the hooke that underlies the same.

1594 H. Plat Jewell House 32 So brim and glittering light.

1605 [see sense B.].

†3. Strong, distinct, or clear in sound. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > audibility > [adjective] > clear

brightOE

clearc1300

breme1340

brisk1660

snellc1730

clear-cut1865

pellucid1952

1340 Alex. & Dind. 503 Brem briddene song [in] þe braunchus a-lofte.

a1350 [see sense B.].

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2200 A wonder breme noyse.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1601 There watȝ blawyng of prys in mony breme horne.

1581 T. Howell His Deuises sig. E.ij As a Bell sends forth the brimmest sownde, When deepest downe the Ringer plucks the frame.

1596 Life Scanderbeg 368 Brimme noise of the drummes, trumpets and tamborins.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 494 But, brimmer farre then in the Heau'ns, heere All these sweet-charming Counter-Tunes we heare.

†4. Of reports, rumours: Loudly or strongly current or prevalent, much spoken of. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > rumour > [adjective] > loudly or strongly current or talked about

rifea1393

bremea1535

a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) i. sig. A.iii Sith these tidinges haue comen hether so brimme of y^e greate Turkes enterprise.

1560 Throgmorton in J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1881) VI. 439 The bruits were so brim of the marriage of the Lord Robert.

1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) xii. f. 150^v In theyr talk most breeme Was then Achilles victory.

1617 Argentile & C. in Percy Reliques (1767) II. 243 That thou Doest hold me in disdaine Is brimme abroad.

II. Fierce, raging, rough, rugged.

†5.

a. Of persons and their attributes or actions: Fierce, raging, furious; stern, wroth. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > [adjective]

grimlyc893

retheeOE

grim971

bitterOE

bremec1175

grillc1175

grimfula1240

cruel1297

sturdy1297

fiercea1300

fellc1300

boistousa1387

felonousc1386

savagea1393

bestiala1398

bremelya1400

felona1400

hetera1400

cursedc1400

wicked14..

vengeablec1430

wolvishc1430

unnatural?1473

inhuman1481

brutisha1513

cruent1524

felonish1530

mannish1530

abominate1531

lionish1549

boarish?1550

truculent?c1550

unhumanc1550

lion-like1556

beastly1558

orped1567

raw?1573

tigerish?1573

unmanlike1579

boisterous1581

savaged1583

tiger-like1587

yond1590

truculental1593

savage wild1595

tigerous1597

inhumane1598

Neronian1598

immane1599

Phalarical1602

ungentle1603

feral1604

savagious1605

fierceful1607

Dionysian1608

wolvy1611

Hunnish1625

lionly1631

tigerly1633

savage-hearted1639

brutal1641

feroce1641

ferocious1646

asperous1650

ferousa1652

wolfish1674

tiger1763

savage-fierce1770

Tartar1809

Tartarly1821

Neroic1851

tigery1859

Neronic1864

unmannish1867

inhumanitarian1947

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [adjective] > fiercely or furiously violent

bremec1175

wooda1250

furiousc1374

rabious1460

rageous1486

furibund1490

bremelya1500

orped1567

yond1590

rabid1594

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7197 Herode king wass grill. & gramm & breme & bollȝhen.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4003 Esau coms brem and brath.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 51 Brym or fers, ferus, ferox.

1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) x. Introd. 31 Whan all other synnes forsake men for elde and feblenesse, than couetyse is moost breme.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vi. v. 41 This soroful boytman, with brym [v.r. breme] luyk.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9632 Brem was þe battell vpon both haluys.

?1567 M. Parker Whole Psalter vi. 11 Amyds my foes so brymme.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) ii. sig. V3^v Let not pride make thee brim.

†b. similarly of beasts; esp. as an epithet of the boar (perhaps with reference to sense of brim v.¹). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4899 Þe sargantz þat ware brem [Gött. brim, Trin. Cambr. breme] als bare.

c1420 Sir Amadace xvi He come to me as breme as bare.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) xxiiii. sig. Di Who hath the loke of a brim bore.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 461 Lyke ony lyoun he wes als brym and bald.

a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iv. vi. sig. G.ij^v Neuer bore so brymme nor tost so hot.

1594 (a1555) D. Lindsay Hist. Squyer Meldrum l. 518, in Wks. (1931) I. 160 As brym as he had bene ane Beir.

a1650 Turke & G. 36 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 92 Though ye be breme as bore.

†c. of a fierce flame or blaze. Obsolete or archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > [adjective] > violent (of fire)

bremec1374

violentc1425

vehement1528

severe1648

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iv. 156 As breme as blase of straw yset a fyre.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 860 Þe fyre..was blasound of brunston with a brem lowe.

1818 Ballad in Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. Oct. 327 (Jam.) The sun sae breem frae hint a clud, Pour't out the lowan day.

6. Of the sea, wind, etc.: Raging, rough, fierce, stormy: an attribute of winter, taken from Lydgate by Spenser, and echoed from Spenser by later poets. It survives in living use in northern dialect as brim.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cold weather > [adjective]

coldc950

bremea1300

chillc1540

shill1598

bleaka1616

airsome1863

parky1886

nippy1898

snappy1928

utchy1957

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > state of sea > [adjective] > rough

woodc900

drofc1000

bremea1300

scaldinga1300

sharp1377

wrothc1400

welteringc1420

rude?a1439

wawishc1450

wallya1522

robustuousa1544

troublesome1560

turbulent1573

boisterous?1594

lofty1600

enridged1608

hollow1705

ugly1744

testy1833

topping1857

seething1871

troughy1877

a1300 Havelok 2233 That he sholde drenchen him In the se, that was ful brim.

1330 R. Mannyng Chron. 28 Kast him in tille Temse, whan it was most brym.

1430 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy ii. xvi The breme wynter with his frost hore.

a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vii. Prol. 15 Brym blastis of the northyn art.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3714 A brode in the breme se.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Feb. f. 4 Breme [Gloss. chill, bitter] winter with chamfred browes.

1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 48 ^v On whose breeme seas, the Icie mountaines flote.

?1606 M. Drayton Ode vii, in Poemes sig. B8^v T'asswage breeme winters scathes.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Froid, cold..breame, chill.

1614 J. Davies in W. Browne Shepheards Pipe sig. G5 Looke how breme Winter chamfers Earths bleeke face.

1748 J. Thomson Castle of Indolence ii. vii Glad summer or the winter breme.

1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. at Brim ‘A brim frost’ is still a common phrase for a severe frost. S.B.

1824 J. H. Wiffen tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered i. vi.

†7. Also in brem valay: rough, rugged valley; breres brimme: sharp briers. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > valley > [noun] > other types

brem valayc1400

glack1535

grain1542

by-slade1635

by-vale1686

water gap1756

hanging valley1900

through valley1901

palm bottom1902

wadi1902

pocket valley1904

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > thorn-tree or -bush > brier or wild rose-bush > [noun] > collectively

brierc1340

breres brimmec1400

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2145 To þe boþem of þe brem valay.

c1400 Rom. Rose 1836 Thisteles thikke, And breres brymme for to prikke.

B. adv.

in the various senses: Splendidly, brilliantly, clearly; loudly; fiercely.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > [adverb]

grimc893

sternlyc897

bremeOE

bitterlyc1000

etelichec1175

heterlya1225

felonly1303

asperlyc1314

fellc1330

fellyc1330

cruentlyc1380

beastlyc1390

unmanlyc1454

felonmentc1470

cruelly1487

inhumanly1490

unkindfully?1534

boarishlya1563

savagely1563

tiger-like1576

unhumanly1586

inhumanlike1595

inhumanely1598

immanely1612

savagiously1625

wolvishly1628

beastlilya1631

brutisha1645

truculently1654

tigerously1698

brutally1749

tigerishly1878

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [adverb]

loud971

bremeOE

strongly1340

sternly?a1400

lustilyc1400

great1534

vociferously1637

stentorophonically1693

thunderously1842

full blast1936

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > fierceness > [adverb]

grimc893

grimly971

bremeOE

reighlyOE

witherc1200

felonly1303

asperlyc1314

fellc1330

fellyc1330

fiercelya1375

sturdilyc1374

wickedlya1375

sternly1398

runishlyc1400

witherlyc1400

felonmentc1470

cruelly1487

blusterously1548

boarishlya1563

tiger-like1576

sternfully1582

mankindly1606

wolvishly1628

truculently1654

tigerously1698

tigerishly1878

the world > matter > light > intensity of light > [adverb] > brilliantly

resplendentlyc1487

breme1584

refulgently1626

fulgently1662

vividly1668

resplendidly1796

brilliantly1813

lucidly1820

vivida1821

OE Andreas (1932) 1719 Is his miht ond his æht ofer middangeard breme gebledsod.

a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 44 When briddes singeþ breme.

c1386 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 841 Arcite and Palamon, That foughten breeme, as it were boores tuo.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 781 Þe bryge watȝ breme vp-brayde.

a1500 Early Eng. Misc. (Warton) 65 Gabrelle schalle bloo both brymne and scrylle.

1584 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. (new ed.) II. iv. iii. sig. Ddd.j^v/2 [It doth] shine out very brightly, but far more brim yf we, [etc.].

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iv. 125 The rest..wee doo more brim behold.

1607 W. Barksted Mirrha sig. A6^v Eccho was pleas'd with voice resounding brim.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	breme
释义	† bremeadj.adv. /briːm/ Forms: Old English– bréme, Middle English– breme; also Middle English–1500s brem, Middle English– brim, Middle English brime, Middle English–1500s brym, Middle English–1500s brymme, bryme, Middle English–1600s breeme, 1500s brimme, 1500s–1600s breem, (1600s breame). Etymology: In Branch I, Old English bróeme, bréme, (brýme), celebrated, famous. The origin of Branch II, which did not exist in Old English, and was more decidedly northern in Middle English use, is at present unexplained. The Lindisfarne Gosp. has (Matt., Pref. l. 10) broemende as a gloss of Latin fervēre , which gives a sense related to branch II; but it is difficult to see the connection between this and Old English bróeme , bréman . Nor can branch II be derived < Old English bremman to bray, roar, ‘rudere, fremere’, Middle English brim v.¹, though there may have been later confusion between a ‘breme’ or ‘brim’ boar, and a ‘brimming’ boar. Obsolete exc. poetic and dialect (brim) in sense A. 6. A. adj. I. Celebrated, brilliant, clear, loud, distinct. †1. Celebrated, famous, glorious (only in Old English); hence as a general epithet of admiration: Excellent, good, ‘fine’, ‘famous’; sometimes apparently = very big or strong. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective] faireOE bremea1000 goodlyOE goodfulc1275 noblec1300 pricec1300 specialc1325 gentlec1330 fine?c1335 singulara1340 thrivena1350 thriven and throa1350 gaya1375 properc1380 before-passinga1382 daintiful1393 principala1398 gradelya1400 burlyc1400 daintyc1400 thrivingc1400 voundec1400 virtuousc1425 hathelc1440 curiousc1475 singlerc1500 beautiful1502 rare?a1534 gallant1539 eximious1547 jolly1548 egregious?c1550 jellyc1560 goodlike1562 brawc1565 of worth1576 brave?1577 surprising1580 finger-licking1584 admirablea1586 excellinga1586 ambrosial1598 sublimated1603 excellent1604 valiant1604 fabulous1609 pure1609 starryc1610 topgallant1613 lovely1614 soaringa1616 twanging1616 preclarent1623 primea1637 prestantious1638 splendid1644 sterling1647 licking1648 spankinga1666 rattling1690 tearing1693 famous1695 capital1713 yrare1737 pure and —1742 daisy1757 immense1762 elegant1764 super-extra1774 trimming1778 grand1781 gallows1789 budgeree1793 crack1793 dandy1794 first rate1799 smick-smack1802 severe1805 neat1806 swell1810 stamming1814 divine1818 great1818 slap-up1823 slapping1825 high-grade1826 supernacular1828 heavenly1831 jam-up1832 slick1833 rip-roaring1834 boss1836 lummy1838 flash1840 slap1840 tall1840 high-graded1841 awful1843 way up1843 exalting1844 hot1845 ripsnorting1846 clipping1848 stupendous1848 stunning1849 raving1850 shrewd1851 jammy1853 slashing1854 rip-staving1856 ripping1858 screaming1859 up to dick1863 nifty1865 premier cru1866 slap-bang1866 clinking1868 marvellous1868 rorty1868 terrific1871 spiffing1872 all wool and a yard wide1882 gorgeous1883 nailing1883 stellar1883 gaudy1884 fizzing1885 réussi1885 ding-dong1887 jim-dandy1888 extra-special1889 yum-yum1890 out of sight1891 outasight1893 smooth1893 corking1895 large1895 super1895 hot dog1896 to die for1898 yummy1899 deevy1900 peachy1900 hi1901 v.g.1901 v.h.c.1901 divvy1903 doozy1903 game ball1905 goodo1905 bosker1906 crackerjack1910 smashinga1911 jake1914 keen1914 posh1914 bobby-dazzling1915 juicy1916 pie on1916 jakeloo1919 snodger1919 whizz-bang1920 wicked1920 four-star1921 wow1921 Rolls-Royce1922 whizz-bang1922 wizard1922 barry1923 nummy1923 ripe1923 shrieking1926 crazy1927 righteous1930 marvy1932 cool1933 plenty1933 brahmaa1935 smoking1934 solid1935 mellow1936 groovy1937 tough1937 bottler1938 fantastic1938 readyc1938 ridge1938 super-duper1938 extraordinaire1940 rumpty1940 sharp1940 dodger1941 grouse1941 perfecto1941 pipperoo1945 real gone1946 bosting1947 supersonic1947 whizzo1948 neato1951 peachy-keen1951 ridgey-dite1953 ridgy-didge1953 top1953 whizzing1953 badass1955 wild1955 belting1956 magic1956 bitching1957 swinging1958 ridiculous1959 a treat1959 fab1961 bad-assed1962 uptight1962 diggish1963 cracker1964 marv1964 radical1964 bakgat1965 unreal1965 pearly1966 together1968 safe1970 bad1971 brilliant1971 fabby1971 schmick1972 butt-kicking1973 ripper1973 Tiffany1973 bodacious1976 rad1976 kif1978 awesome1979 death1979 killer1979 fly1980 shiok1980 stonking1980 brill1981 dope1981 to die1982 mint1982 epic1983 kicking1983 fabbo1984 mega1985 ill1986 posho1989 pukka1991 lovely jubbly1992 awesomesauce2001 nang2002 bess2006 amazeballs2009 boasty2009 daebak2009 beaut2013 a1000 Ags. Ps. cxxxv[i]. 21 Og..wæs swyþe breme cyning on Basane. a1300 Floriz & Bl. 792 Þilke feste was wel breme. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 18 A big bold barn & breme of his age. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xii. 224 How euere beste or brydde hath so breme wittes. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 862 Vchonez blysse is breme & beste. †2. Brilliant, shining, bright; hence, clearly seen, evident, apparent, obvious. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adjective] > clearly visible senec1175 well seenc1175 naked?c1225 well isenec1275 bremec1340 evidenta1382 apparent1393 palpable?1435 open1478 pointablea1555 faira1568 full-eyed1581 unmasked1590 eyeful?1611 plain1613 prospecta1640 unovercloudeda1658 intuitive1801 unmystified1822 shroudless1841 unforeshortened1846 trenchant1849 focusable1889 c1340 Alisaunder 533 Of Barbre þe bryght God brem to beholde. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. gvii^v The lyght of grace..is so breme in these holy soules. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1563 Ymagry..Of bestes and babery breme to beholde. 1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. sig. F.vj Thei moustred sumwhat brim in our eyes. 1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Medea (new ed.) i, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 121 Lyfe seems the bayte to sight that lyeth brim, Death is the hooke that underlies the same. 1594 H. Plat Jewell House 32 So brim and glittering light. 1605 [see sense B.]. †3. Strong, distinct, or clear in sound. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > audibility > [adjective] > clear brightOE clearc1300 breme1340 brisk1660 snellc1730 clear-cut1865 pellucid1952 1340 Alex. & Dind. 503 Brem briddene song [in] þe braunchus a-lofte. a1350 [see sense B.]. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2200 A wonder breme noyse. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1601 There watȝ blawyng of prys in mony breme horne. 1581 T. Howell His Deuises sig. E.ij As a Bell sends forth the brimmest sownde, When deepest downe the Ringer plucks the frame. 1596 Life Scanderbeg 368 Brimme noise of the drummes, trumpets and tamborins. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 494 But, brimmer farre then in the Heau'ns, heere All these sweet-charming Counter-Tunes we heare. †4. Of reports, rumours: Loudly or strongly current or prevalent, much spoken of. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > rumour > [adjective] > loudly or strongly current or talked about rifea1393 bremea1535 a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) i. sig. A.iii Sith these tidinges haue comen hether so brimme of y^e greate Turkes enterprise. 1560 Throgmorton in J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1881) VI. 439 The bruits were so brim of the marriage of the Lord Robert. 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) xii. f. 150^v In theyr talk most breeme Was then Achilles victory. 1617 Argentile & C. in Percy Reliques (1767) II. 243 That thou Doest hold me in disdaine Is brimme abroad. II. Fierce, raging, rough, rugged. †5. a. Of persons and their attributes or actions: Fierce, raging, furious; stern, wroth. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > [adjective] grimlyc893 retheeOE grim971 bitterOE bremec1175 grillc1175 grimfula1240 cruel1297 sturdy1297 fiercea1300 fellc1300 boistousa1387 felonousc1386 savagea1393 bestiala1398 bremelya1400 felona1400 hetera1400 cursedc1400 wicked14.. vengeablec1430 wolvishc1430 unnatural?1473 inhuman1481 brutisha1513 cruent1524 felonish1530 mannish1530 abominate1531 lionish1549 boarish?1550 truculent?c1550 unhumanc1550 lion-like1556 beastly1558 orped1567 raw?1573 tigerish?1573 unmanlike1579 boisterous1581 savaged1583 tiger-like1587 yond1590 truculental1593 savage wild1595 tigerous1597 inhumane1598 Neronian1598 immane1599 Phalarical1602 ungentle1603 feral1604 savagious1605 fierceful1607 Dionysian1608 wolvy1611 Hunnish1625 lionly1631 tigerly1633 savage-hearted1639 brutal1641 feroce1641 ferocious1646 asperous1650 ferousa1652 wolfish1674 tiger1763 savage-fierce1770 Tartar1809 Tartarly1821 Neroic1851 tigery1859 Neronic1864 unmannish1867 inhumanitarian1947 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [adjective] > fiercely or furiously violent bremec1175 wooda1250 furiousc1374 rabious1460 rageous1486 furibund1490 bremelya1500 orped1567 yond1590 rabid1594 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7197 Herode king wass grill. & gramm & breme & bollȝhen. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4003 Esau coms brem and brath. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 51 Brym or fers, ferus, ferox. 1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) x. Introd. 31 Whan all other synnes forsake men for elde and feblenesse, than couetyse is moost breme. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vi. v. 41 This soroful boytman, with brym [v.r. breme] luyk. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9632 Brem was þe battell vpon both haluys. ?1567 M. Parker Whole Psalter vi. 11 Amyds my foes so brymme. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) ii. sig. V3^v Let not pride make thee brim. †b. similarly of beasts; esp. as an epithet of the boar (perhaps with reference to sense of brim v.¹). Obsolete. ΚΠ a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4899 Þe sargantz þat ware brem [Gött. brim, Trin. Cambr. breme] als bare. c1420 Sir Amadace xvi He come to me as breme as bare. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) xxiiii. sig. Di Who hath the loke of a brim bore. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 461 Lyke ony lyoun he wes als brym and bald. a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iv. vi. sig. G.ij^v Neuer bore so brymme nor tost so hot. 1594 (a1555) D. Lindsay Hist. Squyer Meldrum l. 518, in Wks. (1931) I. 160 As brym as he had bene ane Beir. a1650 Turke & G. 36 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 92 Though ye be breme as bore. †c. of a fierce flame or blaze. Obsolete or archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > [adjective] > violent (of fire) bremec1374 violentc1425 vehement1528 severe1648 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iv. 156 As breme as blase of straw yset a fyre. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 860 Þe fyre..was blasound of brunston with a brem lowe. 1818 Ballad in Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. Oct. 327 (Jam.) The sun sae breem frae hint a clud, Pour't out the lowan day. 6. Of the sea, wind, etc.: Raging, rough, fierce, stormy: an attribute of winter, taken from Lydgate by Spenser, and echoed from Spenser by later poets. It survives in living use in northern dialect as brim. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cold weather > [adjective] coldc950 bremea1300 chillc1540 shill1598 bleaka1616 airsome1863 parky1886 nippy1898 snappy1928 utchy1957 the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > state of sea > [adjective] > rough woodc900 drofc1000 bremea1300 scaldinga1300 sharp1377 wrothc1400 welteringc1420 rude?a1439 wawishc1450 wallya1522 robustuousa1544 troublesome1560 turbulent1573 boisterous?1594 lofty1600 enridged1608 hollow1705 ugly1744 testy1833 topping1857 seething1871 troughy1877 a1300 Havelok 2233 That he sholde drenchen him In the se, that was ful brim. 1330 R. Mannyng Chron. 28 Kast him in tille Temse, whan it was most brym. 1430 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy ii. xvi The breme wynter with his frost hore. a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vii. Prol. 15 Brym blastis of the northyn art. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3714 A brode in the breme se. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Feb. f. 4 Breme [Gloss. chill, bitter] winter with chamfred browes. 1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 48 ^v On whose breeme seas, the Icie mountaines flote. ?1606 M. Drayton Ode vii, in Poemes sig. B8^v T'asswage breeme winters scathes. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Froid, cold..breame, chill. 1614 J. Davies in W. Browne Shepheards Pipe sig. G5 Looke how breme Winter chamfers Earths bleeke face. 1748 J. Thomson Castle of Indolence ii. vii Glad summer or the winter breme. 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. at Brim ‘A brim frost’ is still a common phrase for a severe frost. S.B. 1824 J. H. Wiffen tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered i. vi. †7. Also in brem valay: rough, rugged valley; breres brimme: sharp briers. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > valley > [noun] > other types brem valayc1400 glack1535 grain1542 by-slade1635 by-vale1686 water gap1756 hanging valley1900 through valley1901 palm bottom1902 wadi1902 pocket valley1904 the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > thorn-tree or -bush > brier or wild rose-bush > [noun] > collectively brierc1340 breres brimmec1400 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2145 To þe boþem of þe brem valay. c1400 Rom. Rose 1836 Thisteles thikke, And breres brymme for to prikke. B. adv. in the various senses: Splendidly, brilliantly, clearly; loudly; fiercely. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > [adverb] grimc893 sternlyc897 bremeOE bitterlyc1000 etelichec1175 heterlya1225 felonly1303 asperlyc1314 fellc1330 fellyc1330 cruentlyc1380 beastlyc1390 unmanlyc1454 felonmentc1470 cruelly1487 inhumanly1490 unkindfully?1534 boarishlya1563 savagely1563 tiger-like1576 unhumanly1586 inhumanlike1595 inhumanely1598 immanely1612 savagiously1625 wolvishly1628 beastlilya1631 brutisha1645 truculently1654 tigerously1698 brutally1749 tigerishly1878 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [adverb] loud971 bremeOE strongly1340 sternly?a1400 lustilyc1400 great1534 vociferously1637 stentorophonically1693 thunderously1842 full blast1936 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > fierceness > [adverb] grimc893 grimly971 bremeOE reighlyOE witherc1200 felonly1303 asperlyc1314 fellc1330 fellyc1330 fiercelya1375 sturdilyc1374 wickedlya1375 sternly1398 runishlyc1400 witherlyc1400 felonmentc1470 cruelly1487 blusterously1548 boarishlya1563 tiger-like1576 sternfully1582 mankindly1606 wolvishly1628 truculently1654 tigerously1698 tigerishly1878 the world > matter > light > intensity of light > [adverb] > brilliantly resplendentlyc1487 breme1584 refulgently1626 fulgently1662 vividly1668 resplendidly1796 brilliantly1813 lucidly1820 vivida1821 OE Andreas (1932) 1719 Is his miht ond his æht ofer middangeard breme gebledsod. a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 44 When briddes singeþ breme. c1386 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 841 Arcite and Palamon, That foughten breeme, as it were boores tuo. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 781 Þe bryge watȝ breme vp-brayde. a1500 Early Eng. Misc. (Warton) 65 Gabrelle schalle bloo both brymne and scrylle. 1584 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. (new ed.) II. iv. iii. sig. Ddd.j^v/2 [It doth] shine out very brightly, but far more brim yf we, [etc.]. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iv. 125 The rest..wee doo more brim behold. 1607 W. Barksted Mirrha sig. A6^v Eccho was pleas'd with voice resounding brim. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.adv.OE
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