| 释义 |
trophyn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French trophee; Latin trophaeum, tropaeum. Etymology: < (i) Middle French trophee (French trophée ) spoil of war (1488), (in extended use) anything serving as a token of victory, success, etc. (1550), ornamental or symbolic group of any objects (1554), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin trophaeum (Vulgate), alteration (see note) of classical Latin tropaeum structure erected as a memorial of a victory in war, (in extended use) victory < ancient Greek τρόπαιον structure erected as a memorial of a victory in war, use as noun of neuter of τροπαῖος of turning or change < τροπή turning, putting to flight, defeat (see trope n.) + -αῖος , suffix forming adjectives. Compare Spanish trofeo (c1280 as †tropheo ), Portuguese troféu (1571 as †trofeo ), Italian trofeo (a1484); also Dutch trofee (1558 as †trophee ), German Trophäe (17th cent.). Compare later tropaeum n.Post-classical Latin trophaeum shows a hypercorrect alteration after words of Greek origin which ultimately have Greek ϕ , following the change in pronunciation of that Greek consonant from a voiceless aspirated plosive to a voiceless fricative /f/. The β. forms, which are not paralleled in French or other Romance languages, show remodelling after classical Latin tropaeum. the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > [noun] > one who or that which is successful > that which is successful > great or sensational ?a1450 ( J. Lydgate (McClean) (1911) 54 (MED) Þe deference atwene Tryumphus and Tropheum: Triumphe is a full and a plener ouer comynge of Enemyes bi bataile, and Trophe is whan a man put his fomen for drede vnto flyȝte withowte stroke of swerde. a1500 Hymnal in R. S. Loomis (1927) 452 (MED) O goddes sone, evyn and peregalle Vnto the fadyr in hys deytee, In mannes wed by trophe trivmphall, We the besechen..Support well wyth þat owr infirmite. 2. society > communication > record > memorial or monument > [noun] > structure or erection > monument of victory c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus v. 367 But Hercules..poyntyd them in harneys of his progenytours whiche he toke out of the temple as it was hanged vp there to-fore the goddis in token of trophy. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil (1959) x. ix. l. 91 Serestus sortis vp hys armour gay..To hyng as trophe or syng victoriall Tyll Mars. 1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides i. xii. f. 36 The Athenians dyd make and set vp their Trophe [Fr. trophée] or signe of victorye, pretending to haue had the better. 1638 F. Junius 145 Religion..hindering the Rhodians to deface this monument, because dedicated tropæes might not be removed. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vii, in tr. Virgil 407 Around the Posts hung Helmets, Darts, and Spears; And Captive Chariots, Axes, Shields, and Bars, And broken Beaks of Ships, the Trophies of their Wars. 1700 M. Prior 16 Let every Sacred Pillar bear Trophies of Arms, and Monuments of War. 1776 E. Gibbon I. ii. 29 Alexander erected the Macedonian trophies on the banks of the Hyphasis. 1848 H. Dale tr. Thucydides ii. §92. 151 The Peloponnesians also erected a trophy, as victors, for the defeat of the ships they had disabled near the shore. 1881 B. Jowett tr. Thucydides I. 159 The Athenians..raised a trophy on the place from which they had just sailed out to their victory. 1961 H. H. Scullard xv. xvi. 348 The victoriate, displaying Jupiter and Victory with a trophy..originated in Illyria. 2003 82/2 After a victory Greek cities commonly set up armour of the defeated as a thank-offering to the gods. When the sanctuary became crowded such trophies were buried. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > trophy 1585 G. Peele sig. A.ij Ouer her a Princely Trophey standes, Of beaten golde: a riche and Royall Armes. 1634 T. Herbert 64 The Trophies of his Ormus Victory..painted in Gold..wherein are set downe..The assaults and massacres of the Ormusians. 1688 No. 2363/4 A Steel Sword, the Hilt cut with Trophies, the Trophies black, the Ground inlaid with Gold. 1716 Lady M. W. Montagu 14 Sept. (1965) I. 268 Near the Empresse was a Gilded Trophy wreath'd with Flowers. 1753 Suppl. Trophy, in architecture, an ornament which represents the trunk of a tree, charged..with arms or military weapons. 1816 J. Austen I. ix. 146 A thin quarto of hot-pressed paper..ornamented with cyphers and trophies . View more context for this quotation 1848 W. M. Thackeray xxvi. 101 His gorget, sash, and sabre of the Horse Marines, with his boot-hooks underneath in a trophy. 1870 A. W. à Beckett II. ii. i. 50 A number of breechloaders and a pair of foils were arranged as a trophy over one of the two doors of the room. 1927 J. Buchan iii. 51 An immense coat-of-arms carved in stone and surmounted by a forest of deer horns and a trophy of targes and spears. 1974 J. Focarino tr. M. Brunet in 276/1 On the front of each piece is a Cupid supported by clouds, and on each side is a group of attributes arranged as a trophy. 1999 21 Oct. 58/4 The screen was decorated and draped with a trophy of flags and a large Phrygian cap. 2002 Apr. 24/1 (caption) Silver denarius of Brutus..showing the laureated head of Apollo on the obverse and a military trophy on the reverse. the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > stolen goods > [noun] > spoil or plunder > taken in war or raid a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil (1960) xi. iv. 18 For all the Tuscane menȝe..Gret trophe and rich spulȝe hydder bryngis. 1601 B. Jonson i. ii. sig. B3v That Trophæe of selfe loue, and spoile of nature. View more context for this quotation 1682 J. Flavell Righteous Man's Refuge in (new ed.) 244 They are..not left as a prey and Trophy to their enemy. 1736 W. Oldys Life Ralegh in W. Raleigh (ed. 11) I. p. lxi Grenvill..commanded the ship to be sunk, that the Spaniards might not carry a splinter home as a trophy of their dear-bought victory. 1788 E. Gibbon V. lxiii. 335 A defeat and a wound were the only trophies of his expedition. 1810 W. Scott i. 33 All around, the walls to grace, Hung trophies of the fight or chase. 1856 C. Merivale IV. xxxviii. 359 Their eagles were retained as trophies. 1895 J. G. Millais x. 218 Sable antelope, the heads of which are, to my thinking, the finest trophies that Africa produces. 1914 J. M. Barrie iv. 185 Interesting trophies from the island, such as skins, stuffed birds, and weapons of the chase. 1922 J. Cowan II. 458 The slayers of Timoti..intended to lay the heart before..the Maori Queen, but she disapproved of their actions, so the trophy was not presented to her. a1946 C. Carswell (1950) iv. 45 Our drawing-room cabinet was full of trophies of his travels which I never wearied of examining. 1964 F. Tuohy xxvii. 184 Such battered hunting trophies from the past as a stuffed lynx and a frieze of roebuck antlers. 2002 M. Kurlansky iii. 59 They swooped off heads with their large iron swords and hung these trophies on their houses. 4. the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [noun] > token of victory, power, skill, etc. 1569 E. Spenser tr. J. du Bellay Sonets in T. Roest tr. J. van der Noot xi She raisde a Trophee ouer all the worlde. 1644 J. Milton 1 Whereof this whole Discourse..will be a certaine testimony, if not a Trophey. a1674 T. Traherne (1675) 397 Hands, Hearts and Souls, our Victories, And Spoils and Trophies, our own Joyes! 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil 97 A double Wreath shall crown our Cæsar's Brows; Two differing Trophies, from two different Foes. View more context for this quotation 1751 T. Gray x. 7 If Memory to these no Trophies raise. 1752 G. A. Stevens Ded. p. iii Let me not..disfurnish the Trophies of the ancient Law-Givers, to make a Panegyric on your Lord Chief Justiceship. 1847 R. W. Emerson 110 The leafy dell, the city mart, Equal trophies of thine art. 1871 J. R. Macduff xxi. 292 What is it that fires men's ambitions in this world?—..the pomp of power, the lust of conquest, the triumphs and trophies of intellect. 1923 J. W. Downie 13 He..held up the forceps, still grasping the trophy of his success. 1964 W. H. Auden in 1 Oct. 525/2 This unpopular art which cannot be..hung as a status trophy by rising executives. 1979 59 420 It [sc. an antique] came to Britain as a trophy of the Grand Tour. 2007 19 Feb. 43/1 Being Latino and gay made him a double minority and a trophy in the eyes of a place where diversity is a crucial value. society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > [noun] > winning or win > awards and prizes 1822 22 Oct. Should Mr. Charlton be successful enough to win this splendid trophy [sc. the Gold Whip], he will be a gainer of a very considerable sum of money. 1877 24 Nov. 449/1 The seventh competition for the Hodgman Trophy was held by the Yonkers Rifle Association..on Friday. 1917 Aug. 4/1 The wire-haired Fox Terrier..captured the trophy for the best dog in the show. 1978 (Univ. Texas) Jan.–Feb. 24/2 The Heisman Trophy has been presented annually since 1935 by the Downtown Athletic Club. 2011 A. Kemp i. 7 Some kids win all the prizes. You know who they are. The ones who are always top of the class, or..lifting that massive shiny trophy on sports day. Compounds C1. attributive. 1802 J. Cartwright xxi. 198 The flags of our humbled enemies shall be hung up in the trophy rooms within the towers of our naval temple. 1869 12 June 381/1 If justice were done, the ball would this day rest in the trophy case of the Athletic Club, of Philadelphia. 1896 Oct. 121/1 It was not necessary to assist at the coronation of the Czar to have one of those enameled Russian cups to decorate your trophy shelf. 1920 25 June 20/2 (caption) At the right: The after or main cabin. The built-in buffet, with trophy rack above it. 1966 24 June 17/1 City officials..surprised Mayor Graham with a trophy cabinet to house his growing collection of mementos given him by visiting dignitaries. 1983 N. R. Clifton iii. 47 Now, on his blue trophy wall, there appear one at a time, the heads of a moose.., a polar bear.., and a red deer. 2010 M. Amis (2011) 159 We clinched the championship with a bitterly fought victory in Foggio. Yet more silverware for our trophy room! society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > married person > married woman > [noun] > wife > wife who is also something else 1973 A. Zoltan xii. 78 I can see why Englishmen's trophy-wives need time and cash and servants: for this sort of man you must always smell sweet, your skin be oil-smooth, your crevices antiseptic. 1978 S. P. Hall iii. 57 She was looking brightly, admiringly across the net at him, one arm cast around the waist of her trophy-husband. 1989 28 Aug. (Nassau ed.) 48/1 Is the ‘trophy wife’ only an update on the old stereotype of the boss who takes on a girlfriend for a final fling? 1997 2 Jan. i. 3/2 Also selling well are ‘trophy’ books such as Richard Dawkins' The Selfish Gene; titles which look good on the bookcase but which tend to be more purchased than read. 2008 20 July 29 (heading) Week-long luxury package to Abu Dhabi takes travel to new heights—or new depths—of ‘trophy tourism’. 2009 3 Mar. 9/1 The debt-fuelled habit of trophy dining..is another of those many Vanities that are shortly going on the Bonfire. C2. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > trophy 1879 H. Spencer II. iv. ix. 183 How trophy-badges pass into ornaments, we shall see on joining with facts given at the outset of the chapter. 1929 E. B. Hurlock ii. 24 Their bodies were not only covered with trophy-badges but also painted in strange ways. 2002 (Nexis) 25 May 8 They even had small silhouettes of the Sheffield and the Atlantic Conveyor painted on the outside, crossed out, with the date of their sinking inscribed: trophy badges of a successful mission. 1614 T. White sig. C3v Thou..the..name dost gaine Of Trophee-bearer. 1864 M. S. Cummins xxv. 407 These self-appointed trophy bearers never paused nor flinched. 2002 (Nexis) 20 Feb. 17 The head of state was ready to parade with the trophy bearers. 1835 G. T. Burnett II. 813 The Tropæolum, or Trophy cress, has been so called from the resemblance its flowers are supposed to have to empty helmets, and its leaves to shields or bucklers. 1842 W. B. Carpenter 390 One species is now commonly naturalized in our gardens under the name of Nasturtium,..sometimes abbreviated into Sturtion, or occasionally Trophy-cress. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > trophy 1872 27 Feb. 6/2 A sheaf of flags around Nelson,..and some trophy decoration encircling the reliefs on the pedestal, would have done much to brighten up the whole square. 1939 21 238/1 Behind the car is a trophy decoration of gold and yellow fruit with streamers, against a light blue background. 2005 (Nexis) 25 Jan. b4 Hunting..began as a way to supplement the family dinner table, not as a way to add trophy decorations to the living room wall. 1663 S. Butler i. ii. 157 The Squire in state rode on before, And on his nut-brown whinyard bore The Trophee-Fiddle and the Case. 1833 31 Jan. 3/3 The orchestra ornamented with trophy flags and devices of a novel description. 1943 15 Mar. 96/2 From the conning-tower mast fluttered a brand new trophy flag, on which eight miniature Rising Suns surrounded a sinking Jap ship. 2012 J. V. Tomaszek xl. 215 Tadek, who had carried the severed head like a trophy flag spat in disgust as he complied. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > hobby > collecting other articles > [noun] > collector 1862 17 Oct. Those who were sent to minister to the wounded..have turned trophy hunters to the neglect of the suffering. 1909 C. H. Stigand ii. 22 To the mere trophy-hunter such country is a paradise, as, without the smallest knowledge of bushcraft, he can obtain a large bag in a brief time. 2003 26 Nov. 7/1 A trophy hunter was jailed yesterday for stealing and hoarding almost 300 wild birds' eggs. 1859 xii. 161 Trophy-hunting. 1899 W. H. Furness 15 That savage love of trophy-hunting which seems inborn in mankind. 1968 I. W. Cornwall viii. 170 The modern precarious state of surviving rhinoceros species is due to..poaching on reserves, now that trophy hunting is licensed and restricted. 2004 Jan. 13/1 In the world of trophy hunting, desert bighorn sheep are a once in a lifetime prize. 1837 J. T. Irving II. vii. 85 It showed that even in old age he shrank not from battle, and still left the trophy lock for his conqueror. 1864 20 80 The rest long, lank, and of a light-brown and grey colour, the trophy locks, no doubt, of slaughtered enemies! 2009 (Nexis) 16 June 33 Ruth..is horrified to discover the attacker has been taking trophy locks of hair from his victims. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > military exactions > [noun] 1664 in J. Croft (1797) 21 Item, paid for Trophye Money, 3l. 8s. 8d. 1766 J. Entick Surv. London in IV. 29 In 1682 a suit was commenced with the college..for trophy-money. 1875 26 June 279/2 Questions concerning smuggling, trophy money, privateers, and the like, were introduced at this time. 1991 I. F. W. Beckett ii. 51 The City lieutenancy is still able to levy ‘trophy money’ under the 1662 legislation. 1882 15 July 12/3 Bicycling... August... Crystal Palace Challenge Trophy Race. 1907 24 May 9/3 The International Motor Cycle Tourist Trophy Race... Twenty-two single-cylinder and seven twin-cylinder machines have been entered. 1999 (Nexis) 2 Oct. In the Sprints, James Shaun won the trophy race. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > military exactions > [noun] 1701 13 June The Collectors of the Trophy Tax. 1830 27 Nov. 4/5 Mr. Pearson gave notice of a motion respecting the collection and expenditure of the trophy tax. 1901 24 July 5/2 The ‘Trophy Tax’, or, to give it its full designation, the Trophy Tax Militia Rate..is peculiar to the City of London, and is a relic of the old train-band system. 2012 (ed. 4) XXIV. 66 Trophy tax, as it was called, may..be applied for any of the purposes of a territorial and volunteer reserve association established under the Reserve Forces Act 1996. 1847 A. Wood (ed. 2) 199 (heading) Order XXIX. Tropæolaceæ.—Trophyworts. 1870 S. A. Myers tr. F. Martin II. 247 This beautiful race, sometimes called Trophyworts, came originally from Peru, but are now cultivated largely in the United States. 1898 G. E. C. Casey i. 134 Those who care for annuals can sow the blood-red Trophywort (Tropœolum[sic]) and the tender Canariensis, food for snails. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > trophy 1635 G. Tooke sig. B7v A glorious trophy-worke of artillery. 1753 D. Henry 13 Under the Pediment are the King's Arms, with Enrichments of Trophy Work very ornamental. 1851 R. Bigsby I. ii. 34 Escutcheoned shields and trophy-work embellish the entrances of the apartment. 1944 71 167 His monument in Lambeth Church shows his bust surrounded with artillery and trophy work. Derivatives the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [adjective] > without a trophy 1814 19 Oct. 2 Our heroes would have been spared the mortification of a trophyless retreat. 1897 May 703 The disappointment at returning trophyless. 2009 26 Aug. 30/7 After four trophyless seasons, manager Arsene Wenger has found himself coming under increasing pressure. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). trophyv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: trophy n. Etymology: < trophy n. With sense 3 compare earlier trophied adj. 1. Chiefly in passive. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > statuary > [verb (transitive)] > turn into a statue 1601 B. Jonson v. v. sig. L3 And so, swolne Niobe..was trophæed into stone. View more context for this quotation 1923 L. L. Knight 111 Upon the walls His pelts were trophied. 2001 R. Harland xxxiii. 239 Herr Doktor missed the leopard with his first shot, but an hour later it, or another one, came along and was trophied. the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > award token of victory or supreme excellence [verb (transitive)] > reward or celebrate with a trophy 1631 T. Heywood i. sig. Bv If it prove as I have fashiond it, I shall be trophide ever. 1632 T. Heywood iv. i. sig. I3 You beare your selfe more equall then you ought, With one so trophy'd. 1689 E. Howard vi. 172 No [printed Ho] Heroe could in Bed of Honour dye Trophy'd more Glorious by Wars destiny. 1806 T. Moore 159 Heroes, trophied high In ancient fame. 1994 (Nexis) 30 Sept. d2 Quentin Tarantino..was trophied as best director. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > pattern [verb (transitive)] > trophy 1816 Ld. Byron xvii. 11 Is the spot mark'd with no colossal bust? Nor column trophied for triumphal show? 1825 T. Campbell Stanzas Spanish Patriots in i Looking on your graves, though trophied not, As holier hallow'd ground than priests could make the spot! 1847 R. W. Hamilton ii. 55 The Sabbath of the old covenant..descends to us trophied with holy illustrations. 1914 O. Onions i. ii. 34 The walls of the drawing-room were trophied with the photographs of former guests. 1957 T. Gunn 11 In gleaming jackets trophied with the dust. 2006 B. Hatton in J. Madge & A. Peckham iii. 180/2 The shop sells game; it has no ornament, but it is trophied with the body of a deer. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see alsoalso refers to : -trophycomb. form <  n.?a1450 v.1601see also |
