truncationn.

/trʌŋˈkeɪʃən/

Etymology: < late Latin truncātiōn-em, noun of action < Latin truncāre to truncate adj.; compare Old French troncacion (1495) in Godefroy).

1. The action of truncating; cutting short; maiming, mutilation. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > [noun] > damaging or injuring > by cutting or removing something

truncation1579

mutilation1638

mutilating1677

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > shortness > [noun] > making short or shorter > by cutting

truncation1579

curtailing1586

trunking1611

cropping1616

detruncation1623

procision1650

docking1728

short-circuiting1896

1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 262 The alteration, falsification, and truncation of Tertullians wordes.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Troncation, a truncation, trunking, mutilation, cutting off.

1637 W. Prynne Breviate Prelates Usurp. (ed. 3) 48 Decreeing judgment of death, or truncation of members.

a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1684) xiii. 204 Singular inhumanities in Tortures..The living truncation of the Turks.

1779 S. Johnson Cowley in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets I. 162 In the Davideis are some..verses left imperfect..in imitation of Virgil, whom he supposes not to have intended to complete them: that this opinion is erroneous may be probably concluded, because this truncation is imitated by no subsequent Roman poet.

1903 F. W. H. Myers Human Personality II. 301 If it [death] be..a sheer truncation of moral progress.

a. In scientific and technical use: The process of truncating, or condition of being truncated; diminution by or as by cutting off an end or point, so that the object terminates in a straight edge or plane surface instead; spec. in Crystallography replacement of an edge or solid angle by a plane face, esp. one equally inclined to the adjacent faces.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > shortness > [noun] > making short or shorter > being shortened as if by cutting

truncation1796

truncature1828

1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 203 White Lead Ore..Occurs..crystalized in..prisms, or pyramids, with or without truncations.

1823 H. J. Brooke Familiar Introd. Crystallogr. 86 The rhomboid being converted into a six-sided prism by the truncation of all its solid angles, or of its terminal solid angles and its lateral edges.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xlv. 416 The truncation of the muzzle..set their faces in almost perfect and human-like oval.

1861 W. Pole in Macmillan's Mag. 3 184/2 The corresponding facet..formed by the truncation of the lower..pyramid, is..called the collet.

1874 C. Lyell Elem. Geol. xxviii. 495 Similar..catastrophes have caused..the truncation..of some large cones in Java.

b. transferred. The place or part where something is truncated.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > shortness > [noun] > making short or shorter > place or part where something is truncated

truncation1805

1805 R. Jameson Treat. External Characters Minerals 43 When we observe on a fundamental figure, in place of an edge or angle, a plane that does not belong to it, such a plane is denominated a truncation.

1853 J. Phillips Rivers, Mountains, & Sea-coast Yorks. iv. 135 The ‘High Peak’..is at the truncation of an interior range of hills.

1897 W. C. Hazlitt Suppl. Coinage Continent 29 This Portuguese piece has under the truncation of the bust the name of W. Wyon as the engraver.

c. Statistics. The cutting off of a frequency distribution at a certain value of the variate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > distribution > truncation

truncation1937

1937 G. U. Yule & M. C. Kendall Introd. Theory Statistics (ed. 11) vi. 103 We can picture it as a slightly skew distribution which has been cut off on the left owing to the inadmissibility of negative values of the variate. Discontinuous variates not infrequently give rise to this effect of truncation.

1952 A. Hald Statistical Theory with Engin. Applications vi. 146 The cumulative distribution functions of three truncated distributions..with degrees of truncation of 10, 30 and 50% respectively.

d. The loss or removal of the upper horizon(s) of a soil by erosion.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > erosion or weathering > [noun] > soil erosion

gulling1567

soil erosion1896

sheet erosion1917

gully erosion1928

truncation1941

1941 H. Jenny Factors Soil Formation v. 100 An example of widespread truncation is provided by the Cecil series of the Piedmont Plateau.

1972 J. G. Cruickshank Soil Geogr. iv. 133 Loss of surface horizons by erosion (truncation) is more common in Oxisols [than in Spodosols].

e. Mathematics. The cutting short of a numerical computation or expression before its natural end (if any). Usually attributive in truncation error.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > error

truncation error1952

discretization error1958

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > inaccuracy, inexactness > [noun] > in calculation > instance of > introduced by cutting short

truncation error1952

1952 D. R. Hartree Numerical Anal. x. 223 The solution of the set of equations..is not, of course, the solution of the partial differential equation on account of the truncation error of the approximation.

1968 L. Fox & D. F. Mayers Computing Methods for Scientists & Engineers x. 205 For the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method the truncation error is the factor h⁵ multiplying a rather complicated expression involving derivatives of f(x, y).

1973 C. W. Gear Introd. Computer Sci. vi. 249 The errors introduced by rounding and truncation are initially small, but sometimes their effect is amplified by subsequent operations.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online September 2019).

单词	truncation
释义	truncationn. /trʌŋˈkeɪʃən/ Etymology: < late Latin truncātiōn-em, noun of action < Latin truncāre to truncate adj.; compare Old French troncacion (1495) in Godefroy). 1. The action of truncating; cutting short; maiming, mutilation. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > [noun] > damaging or injuring > by cutting or removing something truncation1579 mutilation1638 mutilating1677 the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > shortness > [noun] > making short or shorter > by cutting truncation1579 curtailing1586 trunking1611 cropping1616 detruncation1623 procision1650 docking1728 short-circuiting1896 1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 262 The alteration, falsification, and truncation of Tertullians wordes. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Troncation, a truncation, trunking, mutilation, cutting off. 1637 W. Prynne Breviate Prelates Usurp. (ed. 3) 48 Decreeing judgment of death, or truncation of members. a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1684) xiii. 204 Singular inhumanities in Tortures..The living truncation of the Turks. 1779 S. Johnson Cowley in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets I. 162 In the Davideis are some..verses left imperfect..in imitation of Virgil, whom he supposes not to have intended to complete them: that this opinion is erroneous may be probably concluded, because this truncation is imitated by no subsequent Roman poet. 1903 F. W. H. Myers Human Personality II. 301 If it [death] be..a sheer truncation of moral progress. 2. a. In scientific and technical use: The process of truncating, or condition of being truncated; diminution by or as by cutting off an end or point, so that the object terminates in a straight edge or plane surface instead; spec. in Crystallography replacement of an edge or solid angle by a plane face, esp. one equally inclined to the adjacent faces. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > shortness > [noun] > making short or shorter > being shortened as if by cutting truncation1796 truncature1828 1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 203 White Lead Ore..Occurs..crystalized in..prisms, or pyramids, with or without truncations. 1823 H. J. Brooke Familiar Introd. Crystallogr. 86 The rhomboid being converted into a six-sided prism by the truncation of all its solid angles, or of its terminal solid angles and its lateral edges. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xlv. 416 The truncation of the muzzle..set their faces in almost perfect and human-like oval. 1861 W. Pole in Macmillan's Mag. 3 184/2 The corresponding facet..formed by the truncation of the lower..pyramid, is..called the collet. 1874 C. Lyell Elem. Geol. xxviii. 495 Similar..catastrophes have caused..the truncation..of some large cones in Java. b. transferred. The place or part where something is truncated. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > shortness > [noun] > making short or shorter > place or part where something is truncated truncation1805 1805 R. Jameson Treat. External Characters Minerals 43 When we observe on a fundamental figure, in place of an edge or angle, a plane that does not belong to it, such a plane is denominated a truncation. 1853 J. Phillips Rivers, Mountains, & Sea-coast Yorks. iv. 135 The ‘High Peak’..is at the truncation of an interior range of hills. 1897 W. C. Hazlitt Suppl. Coinage Continent 29 This Portuguese piece has under the truncation of the bust the name of W. Wyon as the engraver. c. Statistics. The cutting off of a frequency distribution at a certain value of the variate. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > distribution > truncation truncation1937 1937 G. U. Yule & M. C. Kendall Introd. Theory Statistics (ed. 11) vi. 103 We can picture it as a slightly skew distribution which has been cut off on the left owing to the inadmissibility of negative values of the variate. Discontinuous variates not infrequently give rise to this effect of truncation. 1952 A. Hald Statistical Theory with Engin. Applications vi. 146 The cumulative distribution functions of three truncated distributions..with degrees of truncation of 10, 30 and 50% respectively. d. The loss or removal of the upper horizon(s) of a soil by erosion. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > erosion or weathering > [noun] > soil erosion gulling1567 soil erosion1896 sheet erosion1917 gully erosion1928 truncation1941 1941 H. Jenny Factors Soil Formation v. 100 An example of widespread truncation is provided by the Cecil series of the Piedmont Plateau. 1972 J. G. Cruickshank Soil Geogr. iv. 133 Loss of surface horizons by erosion (truncation) is more common in Oxisols [than in Spodosols]. e. Mathematics. The cutting short of a numerical computation or expression before its natural end (if any). Usually attributive in truncation error. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > error truncation error1952 discretization error1958 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > inaccuracy, inexactness > [noun] > in calculation > instance of > introduced by cutting short truncation error1952 1952 D. R. Hartree Numerical Anal. x. 223 The solution of the set of equations..is not, of course, the solution of the partial differential equation on account of the truncation error of the approximation. 1968 L. Fox & D. F. Mayers Computing Methods for Scientists & Engineers x. 205 For the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method the truncation error is the factor h⁵ multiplying a rather complicated expression involving derivatives of f(x, y). 1973 C. W. Gear Introd. Computer Sci. vi. 249 The errors introduced by rounding and truncation are initially small, but sometimes their effect is amplified by subsequent operations. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online September 2019). < n.1579
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