truthn.adv.int.

Brit.

/truːθ/, U.S.

/truθ/

Forms:

α. early Old English triewþ, Old English treofþ (rare), Old English treowþ, Old English treowð, Old English triowþ (rare), Old English tryfþ (rare), Old English trywþ (rare), Old English–early Middle English trywð, late Old English trioð, early Middle English treoth, early Middle English treoðe, early Middle English treouðe, early Middle English treowðe, early Middle English treuweþe, early Middle English treweiðe, early Middle English trewðe, Middle English threwthe, Middle English treoþe, Middle English treouþe, Middle English treowþe, Middle English treth, Middle English trethe, Middle English treut, Middle English treuþ, Middle English treuþe, Middle English treweþe, Middle English trewghe, Middle English trewht, Middle English trewte, Middle English trewtheh, Middle English trewþ, Middle English trewþe, Middle English triewth, Middle English triwþe, Middle English tryuþe, Middle English turth, Middle English þreuth, Middle English–1500s treweth, Middle English–1500s trewethe, Middle English–1500s trewith, Middle English–1500s trewthe, Middle English–1500s trewyth, Middle English–1600s treuth, Middle English–1600s treuthe, Middle English–1600s (1800s– English regional) trewth, 1500s treueth, 1500s treugth, 1500s treweh, 1500s trewythe, 1500s troeuth; Scottish pre-1700 threuchis (plural), pre-1700 threucht, pre-1700 threuth, pre-1700 threwcht, pre-1700 threwicht, pre-1700 threwitht, pre-1700 threwtht, pre-1700 treuche, pre-1700 treucht, pre-1700 treughe, pre-1700 treuith, pre-1700 treuitht, pre-1700 treuthe, pre-1700 treutht, pre-1700 trewcht, pre-1700 trewetht, pre-1700 trewght, pre-1700 trewht, pre-1700 trewicht, pre-1700 trewith, pre-1700 trewithe, pre-1700 trewth, pre-1700 trewthe, pre-1700 trewtht, pre-1700 trewythe, pre-1700 trewytht, pre-1700 (1800s (Orkney)) treuth, 1800s– thrith (chiefly central).

β. Middle English truethe, Middle English trueþ, Middle English trueþe, Middle English truhe (transmission error), Middle English trupe (probably transmission error), Middle English truþ, Middle English truþe, Middle English truwth, Middle English truwþ, Middle English truwþe, Middle English truyt, Middle English truyth, Middle English trweth, Middle English trwth, Middle English trwthe, Middle English trwþe, Middle English trwvte, Middle English–1600s truthe, Middle English– truth, 1500s trwethe, 1500s–1600s trueth, 1500s–1600s truith, 1700s thruth; Scottish pre-1700 trueth, pre-1700 truetht, pre-1700 trutht, pre-1700 trutth, pre-1700 1700s– truith, pre-1700 1700s– truth, 1800s trüth (Shetland).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old High German -triuwida (in gitriuwida trust, loyalty, untriuwida deception, disloyalty, urtriuwida suspicion), Old Icelandic tryggð faithfulness, (in law, especially in plural) sworn loyalty, truce, Old Swedish trygþ faithfulness, sworn loyalty, truce, security, safety (Swedish trygd protection, security), Old Danish trygd faithfulness, sworn loyalty, truce, security (Danish trygd security) < the Germanic base of true adj. + the Germanic base of -th suffix¹. Compare troth n., truce n.Notes on form history. For Middle English forms in -ow- , -ou- , -o- , etc. (corresponding to γ. forms at true adj., n., adv., and int.) see troth n. The β. forms have alternatively been derived from the ablaut variant of the Germanic base of true adj. seen in Old English truwa (also trūa ) faith, good faith, etc. (see truce n.), and truwian trow v.; but as these forms are not attested until the Middle English period, after reflexes of the stem vowels of the two bases (*ew and *uw ) had merged, this cannot be substantiated. However, the β. forms may have been influenced or reinforced by α. forms at trow v. For full discussion of the form types, see true adj., n., adv., and int. Semantic development. Uses with reference to factual accuracy and veracity (see branches A. III., A. II.), now the core senses of this word, are not attested for Old English trēowþ or its cognates in the Germanic languages, but appear to have developed in the Middle English period after corresponding senses of true adj. (In Old English the usual word in these contexts is sooth n.) Earlier uses of the present word and its cognates to denote loyalty, faithfulness, and pledged commitment between individuals are expressed by troth n., originally simply a phonetic variant, but which became restricted to this semantic field during the early modern period. For further discussion see troth n. (which is attested earlier than truth in senses A. 4 and A. 10). Related nouns in Old English. In Old English a prefixed noun getrēowþ (compare i-treowe adj.) is also attested in the senses ‘faithfulness, loyalty; solemn engagement, covenant, pledge; honesty, integrity; faith, trust’ (earlier in the latter sense: see sense A. 4a). Compare also the related formation trēow (a strong feminine: see truce n.), which is attested very commonly in a similar range of senses in Old English. With use with reference to faith between husband and wife (see sense A. 2b) compare Old English winetrēow pledge of friendship, specifically between husband and wife (compare wine n.²).

A. n.

I. Loyalty, faithfulness, etc.; cf. troth n. I.

1. The quality or character of being true to a person, principle, cause, etc.; steadfast allegiance; faithfulness, fidelity, loyalty, constancy. In later use only with to. Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > faithfulness or trustworthiness > [noun]

truthOE

trotha1225

truefastnessa1225

trueshipa1225

trueness?c1225

soothnessc1275

faithc1300

good faithc1300

trustc1300

trueheadc1325

traistnessa1340

truthheada1400

faithfulnessc1400

loyaltyc1400

tristiness1408

trustinessc1450

confiance1490

fealty?1515

surety?c1535

loyalness1592

troth-keeping1605

true-heartedness1608

confidence1642

trustworthiness1662

responsibleness1706

dependence1752

reliability1810

trustihood1823

faithworthiness1828

reliableness1841

dependableness1860

dependability1901

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > faithfulness or trustworthiness > fidelity or loyalty > [noun]

truthOE

trotha1225

trueness?c1225

fayc1300

hold13..

lewtyc1330

faithfulnessc1400

perseverance?a1439

adherence1449

familiarityc1450

fidelity1509

devotiona1530

adherency1579

reality1616

rightness1625

lealty1861

lealness1882

α.

OE Ælfric Let. to Sigeweard (De Veteri et Novo Test.) (Laud) 16 Heora gemynd þurhwunað..for heora anrædnisse & heora trywðe wið God.

lOE King Ælfred tr. St. Augustine Soliloquies (Vitell.) (1922) i. 19 Ic wilnode þæt ic cuðe hys ingeþance of minum ingeþance; ðonne wiste ic hwilce treowða he hæfde wið me.

a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 103 Ðe michele merhþe of heuene riche..he ðe haueð iȝarked æurema to habben for ðare gode trewðe ðe ðu him bere.

c1300 St. Katherine (Laud) 203 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 98 (MED) Bi þe treuþe þat i schal to Mahon, heo ne schullen so non-more!

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 274 I knaw he will do mekill for his kyne. Gentrys ande trewtht ay restis him within.

a1500 (?c1370) G. Chaucer Complaynt d'Amours (Harl. 7333) (1933) l. 7 I..Beginne..my deedly compleininge On hir..Which hath on me no mercy ne no rewthe That love hir best, but sleeth me for my trewthe.

c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xxvi. 33 Thay wald be rewit, and hes no rewth;..Thay wald be trowit, and hes no trewth.

β. c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Harl.) l. 90 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 495 He com To þe ymage of oure Leuedi..And forhet bifore hire truliche womannes mone And wiþ truþe holde al his lyf clanliche to hire one.a1400 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 54 Hallas! men planys of litel trwthe; hit ys dede and tat is rwthe.a1475 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 128 Truthe ys turnyd to trechery; ffor now þe bysom ledys þe blynde.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 283/2 Truthe, uerite, loialte.1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 729 The king had alwayes knowne hys truth and fidelitie towarde the crowne of Fraunce.a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 107 Briefely dye their ioyes, That place them on the truth of Gyrles, and Boyes. 1719 Free-thinker No. 134. 2 Lucius..preserving still his Truth to Marcia.1816 S. T. Coleridge Christabel ii. 32 Alas! they had been friends in youth; But whispering tongues can poison truth.1848 C. Dickens Dombey & Son l. 502 To..be assured of his truth to her in her distress.1887 Harper's Mag. Jan. 324/1 In his first essay in the field of fiction he turns out an actualist, whose first wish seems to be truth to his facts and the meaning of them.1988 Mod. Painters Autumn 14/2 The creed of ‘truth to materials’ was kept by Moore in the early carvings where the block and the stone quality were the governors of the forms.2008 New Yorker 24 Mar. 82/2 The eighteenth century's fictive history..is the history of private life; the history of what passes in a man's own mind; truth to the Book of Nature; and written in plain, simple style.

a. (One's) faith or loyalty as pledged in a solemn agreement or undertaking; a firm promise, an engagement, a covenant; = troth n. 3. rare (archaic and poetic) after Middle English.With to plight (one's) truth compare to plight one's troth at troth n. and adv. Phrases 1.In quot. OE at α. in plural in same sense.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > pledge or assurance > (good) faith

truthOE

sure-hold1622

α.

OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) vi. 5 Ic gemunde minra treowða [L. pacti mei] þe ic Abrame behet.

?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 Hi hadden him manred maked & athes suoren, ac hi nan treuthe ne heolden; alle he wæron forsworen & here treothes forloren.

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 5 Þer after of þat ilke weren treowðes [?c1225 Cleo. trouððen, a1400 Pepys treuþes] tobroken of hehe patriaches.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5302 Heo sworen..& treoðen heo plihten [c1300 Otho treuþe him plihte].

c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) l. 311 ‘Selpe me gode.’..Eiþer oþer his trewþe pliȝte, Vppon morwen for to fiȝte.

c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. l. 877 My trewthe I layd, To do al as thow hast sayd.

a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1846) I. 183 To the end, that under treuth thei mycht eyther gett the Castell betrayed, or elles some principall men..tackin at unwarres.

β. c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 396 His manrede þu schalt fonge, And his truþe of his honde.c1410 tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 125 Duke Robert..i-called alle his gentiles..to swere truþe and feaute to William his sone. J. Metham Amoryus & Cleopes (1916) l. 1121 To serue yow be-ffore alle odyr my trwth I plyght. 1806 R. Jamieson Pop. Ballads II. 120 I'll give thee the truth of my right hand, The truth of it I'll freely gie.1874 A. C. Swinburne Bothwell iii. vi. 292 They and each man there met of them should plight His honour, truth, and heart's fidelity To advance this marriage.1900 R. C. Dutt tr. Ramayana iv. iv. 72 I have plighted truth and promise and my word may not unsay, Fourteen years in pathless forests father's mandate I obey.a1942 J. S. Neilson Poems (1965) 168 Kind, in a surly way, Somewhat rough-spoken; Truth to his fellow-men Keeping unbroken.

†b. spec. In reference to marriage or (occasionally in early use) betrothal. Obsolete. rare (chiefly poetic) after 16th cent.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > betrothal > [noun]

truthc1300

betrothingc1315

truthingc1350

espousala1393

troth-plighta1393

desponsationa1400

troth-plightingc1400

ensurance1469

fiançailles1477

handfasting1483

assurancea1513

assuring1530

suring1530

contract1551

insurancea1556

trothing1565

despousage1570

betrothment1585

contracting1585

affiancing1596

spousage1596

espousage1599

handfasta1616

desponsories1645

hand-fastening1662

disposories1668

contraction1702

engagement1811

plightage1819

betrothal1844

heart-bond1887

introduction1965

kwanjula1973

c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 305 Þu schalt þi trewþe pliȝte On myn hond her riȝte Me to spuse holde, & ihc þe lord to wolde.

c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) l. 674 ‘Ischal me make þinowe..& þarto mi treuþe iþe pliȝte.’ Muchel was þe ruþe Þat was at þare truþe.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vi. xiii. 308 In þe contract of weddinge he pliȝtiþ his treuthe, and oblegiþ himsilf to lede his lif wiþ his wif wiþoute departinge.

J. Metham Amoryus & Cleopes (1916) l. 1121 (MED) My lady souereyn..Euery owre bothe day [and] nyght, To serue yow be-ffore all odyr my trwth I plyght.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 37 ‘Ȝif me þi truthe..that I shal not this vij. ȝere haue no wife but þe..’. The maide saide, she wold consent; and þer they pliȝt hire truthe.

a1525 Talis Fyve Bestes l. 165 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 132 And scho agane till him hire treuth plicht To luf him best of ony erdly wicht.

1556 in Carte Monalium de Northberwic (1847) 72 I Robert Lawder tak ȝow Jane..to my spousit vyf..and therto I plycht ȝow my trewht.

1784 H. Cowley Bold Stroke for Husband (London ed.) Epil. 87 To one dear youth I plight my truth, And that's the youth I'll marry.

1825 C. M. Sedgwick Travellers 115 He confessed that he had already plighted his truth to Sally Wilton; and he declared that he never would marry any body but Sally Wilton.

a1927 C. Mair Dreamland (1974) 89 My love with me Will..take the amber floods Of sunset, or the silence of the sea To witness our firm oaths and plighted truth.

3. In early use: honesty, uprightness, righteousness, virtue, integrity. Later: (more narrowly) disposition to speak or act truthfully or without deceit; truthfulness, veracity; sincerity. Now rare. †to do truth: to behave uprightly, to show righteousness (obsolete).In quot. eOE in plural in same sense.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > truthfulness, veracity > [noun]

soothfastnessc825

trutha1450

fidelity1534

verity1565

veracity1623

truthfulness1647

veritableness1664

veridicalness1727

tell-truth1744

truthiness1832

veraciousness1860

veridicalitya1901

veridicity1937

eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) v. ii. 115 Þær dydon [þeah] Romane lytla triewþa [L. in hoc solo Romanis circa eum fortiter agentibus] þæt him þa wæron laðe & unweorþe þe hiera hlaford beswican.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4896 Þine þeowes beoð gode, þu hauest mucle treow-scipe, treowðe staðeluæste.

1372 in E. Wilson Descriptive Index Lyrics John of Grimestone's Preaching Bk. (1973) 14 (MED) Manie ȝeres ben iwent Siþen treuthe outȝ of londe is lent.

c1390 R. Maidstone Paraphr. Seven Penitential Psalms (Vernon) in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 16 (MED) Þenne schaltou sacrifice accepte Of rihtfulnesse [&] truþe entere [L. tunc acceptabis sacrificium iustitiae].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13891 Þat neuer leigh, ne neuer sale, For wijt and treuth he has ai hale.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xi. l. 153 Wel ouȝte ȝe lordes, þat lawes kepe þis lessoun to haue in mynde, And on Troianus treuth to thenke and do treuthe to þe peple.

a1450 (?c1350) Pride of Life l. 330 in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 100 (MED) Dred of God is al ago And treut is go to ground.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 160 Fredome returnis in wrechitnes And trewth returnis in dowbilnes.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cxviii. [cxix.] 30 I haue chosen the waye of treuth.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 775 [They] lacked eyther wit or truth.

1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. F^v Loue is all truth, lust full of forged lies.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 211 Malice beares downe truth .

1611 Bible (King James) Psalms li. 6 Thou desirest trueth in the inward parts.

a1657 W. Mure Sonnet in Wks. (1898) I. 46 Extold by treuth of thy most loyall word.

1680 Bp. G. Burnet Some Passages Life Rochester (1692) 55 Truth is a Rational Natures acting in conformity to itself in all things.

1751 T. Gray Elegy xviii. 8 The struggling pangs of conscious truth to hide.

1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 20 Do you doubt my truth?

1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xx. 43 ‘La, there an't any such thing as truth in that limb,’ said Rosa, looking indignantly at Topsy.

1903 H. James Ambassadors ii. iv. 50 He blushed for her realism, but gaped at her truth.

1978 J. H. Reilly J. Giraudoux iv. 109 Her relentless pursuit of justice, her absolute truth.

†4.

a. Faith, trust, confidence. Cf. troth n. 1a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > [noun]

levec950

beliefc1175

trothc1175

trutha1200

fayc1315

believingc1384

faithc1384

trowa1400

the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > [noun]

ylevec888

levec950

hopec1000

trothc1175

trusta1200

trutha1200

tristc1200

beliefa1225

tresta1300

traistinga1340

traistnessa1340

fiance1340

affiancec1350

affyc1380

tristening1382

credencea1393

faitha1393

levenessc1400

confidencec1430

credulity?a1439

trustingc1450

confiance1490

credit1533

fiduce1582

confidency1606

confidingness1682

OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) xxii. 369 Hwam sceal ic gelyfan æfter me, oððe æt hwam sceal ic getreowða habban þa ic mine forleas?]

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 165 Nis nower non trewðe, for nis þe gist siker of þe husebonde ne noðer of oðer..Ne þe aldefader of hi[s] oðem..Selde leueð þe broðer þat oðer..Ðe sune wussheð þe fader deað, ar his dai cume.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13618 To þissen twam eorlen; þa ohte cnihtes weoren. hafden Arður treouðe; þe eorles weoren treowe.

c1300 St. Mary Magdalen (Laud) 225 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 468 Þat he biddez him with treouþe, he it grauntez him ful sone.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14072 Þi mikel treuth Has þe saued.

1458 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 216 (MED) I make myn executours my moder..and Conand Barton for ye grett treuth and affiance yat I have in yame.

a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (1998) I. l. 3164 Children þat shal come of þe, In God of heue[n] her truþe shal be And her children ȝit also.

c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 121 The said Mr. James [Balfour] haid treatourouslie dissauit our souerane lady and the said erle Bothwill, quha gaif him sic faith and trewth as to mak him capitane thairof.

b. Belief; (as a count noun) a statement of belief, a creed. Cf. troth n. 1b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > creed > [noun]

credoeOE

trothc1175

creance1393

trutha1400

symbol1490

confession1536

judgement1609

persuasion1623

creed1676

Shemaa1699

shahāda1885

creditability1886

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 4246 Putyfar..held ioseph in mensk and lare Al þou þair treuthes sundri ware.

a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (1998) I. l. 3159 Þe truþe..was here bifore Of false mawmetis.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 10 The hard hertis, and vntrewe treuth of the paganis.

a1513 W. Dunbar Tabill of Confessioun in Poems (1998) I. 269 The twelf artickillis of the treuth: a god to trow..And in his only sone, blissit Iesu.

II. Something that conforms with fact or reality.

a. True statement; report or account which is in accordance with fact or reality. Chiefly in to tell (also speak, say) the truth (also (now archaic) without the): to speak truly, to report the matter as it really is; see also say v.¹ and int. Phrases 3, speak v. 10, tell v. 10a.Not always distinguishable from sense A. 7a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > assuredly, indeed

soothlyc825

forsoothc888

wiselyc888

sooth to sayOE

i-wislichec1000

to (‥) soothOE

iwis?c1160

certesa1250

without missa1275

i-witterlic1275

trulyc1275

aplight1297

certc1300

in (good) fayc1300

verily1303

certain1330

in truthc1330

to tell (also speak, say) the truthc1330

certainlya1375

faithlya1375

in faitha1375

surelya1375

in sooth1390

in trothc1390

in good faitha1393

to witc1400

faithfullyc1405

soothly to sayc1405

all righta1413

sad?a1425

in certc1440

wella1470

truec1480

to say (the) truth1484

of a truth1494

of (a) trotha1500

for a truth?1532

in (of) verity1533

of verityc1550

really1561

for, in, or into very?1565

indeed1583

really and truly1600

indeed and indeed1673

right enough1761

deed1816

just1838

of a verity1850

sho1893

though1905

verdad1928

sholy1929

ja-nee1937

only1975

deffo1996

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > truthfulness, veracity > [noun] > true statement, correct account, truth

soothquidec888

soothsawc950

soothOE

righteousnessa1225

certainty1330

truthc1330

trotha1387

verity1533

tell-truth?1556

oracle1569

true1581

round O1605

fact1779

veracity1852

veritability1864

α.

c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 445 Ich ȝou sigge riȝt treuþe Non of oþer hadde reuþe.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2024 To seie þe treuþe, sche told me a-noþer tale.

?a1425 (a1400) Brut (Corpus Cambr.) 330 (MED) Þis same Piers told & publissed þe trewþe.

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 152 Þerfore, levyth ȝoure lesynges, & spekyth trewthe!

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 38 Yf ye wilne for to witte how hit worth shulde I shall telle you the trewth.

?1700 P. Anderson Copie Barons Court 5 I pray Sir tell the Treuth?

β. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1629 Þei þat seie it forsoþe saiden þe truþe.c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 17 (MED) My sustres haue tolde ȝow glosyng wordes; but for-soþe y shal tel ȝow trueþ.c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 132 (MED) Þi felawe hath seyde to me þe verray truthe..ȝif þou dyscorde fro hym, þou schalt be deed.a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 53 They that glosen the..dysseyuen the, and they that tellen the þe truthe..they louen the.1576 G. Gascoigne Complaynt of Phylomene in Steele Glas sig. N.iij Truth is truth, and muste be tolde.1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 632 A man, to say truth wel skilled in antiquities.a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. i. 142 The truth you speake doth lacke some gentlenesse, And time to speake it in. 1728 T. Sheridan tr. Persius Satyrs i. 15 Prithy tell me the Truth.1735 Visct. Bolingbroke Diss. upon Parties (ed. 2) Ded. p. xviii Truth may sometimes offend.1869 J. R. Lowell Lett. (1894) II. 42 Tell us the truth as much as you like,..but tell it in a friendly way.1888 ‘J. S. Winter’ Bootle's Children viii. 57 Tell me the whole truth at once.1939 Street & Smith's Western Story Mag. 23 Sept. 63/2 In that cabin, if Pedro Martinez had spoken the truth, lay a wounded, badly wanted desperado.1950 A. Buckeridge Jennings goes to School xii. 240 Virtuously he decided to tell the truth.2004 N. Minhas Passion & Poppadoms xxxiv. 452 Will you please tell the truth for once, Tom.

b. As a count noun: a true statement or proposition.Not always distinguishable from sense A. 7b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [noun] > truth known by observation, fact

truth1395

feata1400

fact1542

fact?1560

vidimus1610

unquestionable1661

fax1837

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [noun] > reality

truth1395

realty1440

reality1545

veriness1574

realness1612

fidelity1708

authenticity1839

intuitiveness1841

society > faith > aspects of faith > doctrine > [noun] > instance

truth1395

faithc1400

dogma1534

doctrinals1619

tendry1624

faith-mark1652

dogmatism1664

thought mode1939

12 Concl. Lollards (Trin. Hall Cambr.) in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1907) 22 295 (MED) We..denuncyn to þe lordis and þe comunys of þe parlement certeyn conclusionis and treuthis for þe reformaciun of holi chirche of Yngelond.

c1400 Prose Versions New Test.: Prol. (Selwyn) (1904) 7 (MED) Ne þou ne schuldest noȝt spare..to tellen us a trewþe to brynge us out of meschef of þe deþ of oure soule.

a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) i. 155 (MED) Ȝif a man seye a trewþe whiche trewþe he wenyth be fals, ȝif he seye it for to deseyuyn his euene cristene, in þat he lyhit.

1569 T. Blague Schole of Wise Conceytes 179 He that vseth lying, though he chaunce once to tell a truthe, shall not soone be credited.

1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. xxvi. 160 Hauing heard and vnderstoode Daniel hee knewe that hee spake a trueth.

1654 F. G. tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Artamenes II. iv. 263 Though she spoke some truths, yet..she was no more believed than if they had beene all Lyes.

1678 W. D. tr. F. de La Mothe Le Vayer Notitia Historicorum Selectorum 242 We had been more fully satisfied herein, if that Freind of Aldus..had said a truth.

1744 W. Guthrie tr. Cicero Academical Treat. ii, in tr. Cicero Morals 393 Supposing you should be speaking a Truth, and say that it is a Lye.

1761 Monthly Rev. Apr. 269 The Writer has..uttered some truths, which it is needless for us to point out.

1837 Fraser's Mag. May 643/2 You have the merit of telling a truth which not one in fifty will believe.

1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond III. iii. 89 Mr. Esmond..told a truth, which was nevertheless an entire falsehood.

1942 K. A. Porter Let. 6 Feb. (1990) iv. 227 He shouted and threw the first thing he could lay hands on, and spoke outright some scalding and awful truths.

2006 A. Diggs Denzel's Lips vi. 28 A child had opened its mouth and spoken a truth that she needed to hear.

c. Understanding of nature or reality; the totality of what is known to be true; knowledge. Cf. sense A. 6.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > [noun] > what is true

knowledgea1398

science1574

common knowledge1578

sapience1606

truth1644

1644 J. Milton Of Educ. 1 Assertions, the knowledge and the use of which, cannot but be a great furtherance..to the enlargement of truth.

a1768 J. Spence Anecd., Observ. & Characters Bks. & Men (1820) i. 54 The great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me.

1843 J. R. Lowell Glance behind Curtain in Poems (1844) 176 Men..Made wiser by the steady growth of truth.

1914 J. A. Widtsoe Princ. Irrigation Pract. xxi. 456 New and increasing truth rendered easier the work of man.

2005 T. Teo Critique Psychol. i. 8 Foucault did not reconstruct the development of truth but what was considered true at a given point of time in the human sciences.

d. Also with capital initial. A game in which each participant, in turn, has to answer truthfully a question put to him or her by one of the other players or, in later versions of the game (typically named after the various options available to players, e.g. truth, dare, and promise), fulfil an alternative requirement. See also truth or dare at Phrases 3d, truth game n. at Compounds 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > parlour and party games > [noun] > question and answer games

purposec1380

questions and commands1628

cross-purposes1666

cross-questions and crooked answers1742

Yes and No1843

truth1868

clumps1883

truth game1908

1868 L. M. Alcott Little Women I. xii. 191 Do you know ‘Truth’?.. The person who draws at the number has to answer truly any questions put by the rest.

1928 Sat. Evening Post (U.S.) 29 Sept. 7/1 The ancient game of truth had begun. ‘What's your favorite color, Bill?’

1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren xviii. 377 In ‘Truth, Dare, and Promise’ each player has to agree either to tell the truth, accept a dare, or promise to do as he is told.

1970 Times 8 July 2/7 On one occasion she said, Carole Hanson..stripped to her panties during a game of ‘truth, dare and promise’.

2006 Courier Mail (Austral.) (Nexis) 6 Apr. 8 A game of truth and consequences reveals a serial killer is on the prowl.

a. In general or abstract sense: that which is true, real, or actual; reality; spec. (in religious use) spiritual reality as the subject of revelation or object of faith (often not distinguishable from sense A. 8). Often in figurative contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun]

truthc1330

acta1398

in existencea1425

realty1440

veritya1634

reality1647

actualness1668

actuality1675

thinghood1845

factual1855

out there1955

c1330 Simonie (Auch.) (1991) l. 448 Þise prelatz..weren ablent wid coueytise and mihte noht se þe treuþe For mist. Þeih dradden more here lond to lese þan loue of Ihesu Crist.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xiv. 6 I am weye, treuthe [L. veritas], and lyf.

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 13 Crist is a corner stoon, and groundiþ al treuþe.

?a1500 (?1458) in J. H. Parker Some Acct. Domest. Archit. (1859) III. ii. 44 (MED) Now God geve us grace to folowe treuthe even, That we may have a place in the blysse of Heven.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxxj The trewth, will, and commaundement of the heauenly father must be accomplished.

1567 T. Palfreyman Baldwin's Treat. Morall Philos. (new ed.) ix. iv. f. 200^v Forasmuche as god is the truthe, & y^t truth is god, he y^t departeth from y^e one, departeth from thother.

1641 J. Gauden Love of Truth 7 Then doth the ray or veyn of truth flow aright from God to us.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. v. 18 In knowledge there is no slender difficulty,..truth..wise men say doth lye in a well.

1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. i. ii. 11 A Ray of Truth may enlighten the whole world and extend to future ages.

1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers xx. 277 The light of truth..fills my mind.

1820 J. Keats Ode on Grecian Urn in Lamia & Other Poems 116 Beauty is truth, truth beauty.

1895 Contemp. Rev. Mar. 346 Truth is perceived by flashes.

1955 S. Spender Coll. Poems 1928–53 102 His final moment was the birth Of naked revelatory truth.

1974 M. Tippett Moving into Aquarius 18 Truth is some sort of absolute.

2007 P. J. J. Phillips Challenge of Relativism (2011) ii. 43 Truth can, in principle, be discovered under the realist theory.

b. This concept personified; (in later use sometimes) spec. the goddess of truth in ancient Egyptian mythology.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [noun] > personified

soothnessc1275

truthc1390

the world > the supernatural > deity > other deities > [noun] > Egyptian

ox-god1610

Hathor1786

truth1841

Horus1851

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. i. l. 12 Þis Tour and þis Toft..treuþe is þer-Inne,..he is Fader of Fei, þat formed ow alle.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. B.15.17) (1975) B. xii. l. 287 (MED) Truþe..trespased neuere ne trauersed ayeins his lawe, But lyueþ as his lawe techeþ.

a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) 1 (MED) Þe iiij dowterys schul be clad in mentelys, Mercy in wyth, rythwysnesse in red altogedyr, Trewthe in sad grene, and Pes al in blake.

a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 3522 (MED) If ȝe, Ryth and Truthe, schuld haue ȝour wylle, I, Pes, and Mercy schuld euere haue trauest.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 172 Falsate with the lordis dois rovn, And Trewthe standis barrit at the dure.

1594 T. Nashe Terrors of Night sig. Giv^v Since Truth is euer drawne and painted naked, and I haue lent her but a leathren patcht cloake at most to keepe her from the cold.

1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 35 So Truth be in the field, we do injuriously by licencing and prohibiting to misdoubt her strength. Let her and Falshood grapple.

1652 R. Loveday tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède Hymen's Præludia: 1st Pt. To Rdr. sig. A3^v Here is..Truth drest like a May-Lady, who through the gay disguise of her flowry ornaments, does often show her owne simplicity.

1742 E. Young Complaint v. 333 Truth, radiant goddess!..shews the real estimate of things; Which no man, unafflicted, ever saw.

1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) I. xx. 331 Truth will continue to have her worshippers; and it may be presumed that they will..survive the advocates of Falsehood.

1841 J. G. Wilkinson Manners & Customs Anc. Egyptians 2nd Ser. II. xv. 275 The sacred beetle of the Sun, overshadowed by the wings of two figures of the Goddess Thmei or Truth.

1912 J. H. Breasted Devel. Relig. & Thought Anc. Egypt viii. 305 We..find standing at the entrance the goddess ‘Truth, daughter of Re’.

1994 L. R. Furst in G. Gillespie Romantic Drama i. 3 On the new curtain at the German National Theater in Hamburg in 1773 the figure of Shakespeare was prominently featured, seated at the foot of the goddess Truth.

a. With the. The fact or facts; the actual state of the case; the matter, situation, or circumstance as it really is. Cf. sense A. 5a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [noun] > true facts or circumstances

the soothc897

rightOE

trutha1382

the feat ofa1400

verity1422

the whole story1565

fact1578

the right way (also regionally gate) (of)a1628

bottom fact1864

where it's (he's, she's) at1903

inside1904

dinkum1916

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) Judges xvi. 17 Openynge þe trewþe [L. veritatem] of þe thyng: he seide to hir, ‘Iren neuer wente vp on my heuyd: for þe Naȝare..I am.’

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 373 (MED) Pelleus so ferforthe gan enquere, Þat he knewe holly how þe treuthe was.

c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) l. 275 Of þat þou senteste, sire king, to say þe truþe Of al þe lore of our lif..have us exkused, For we ne konne þe nouht kenne our costomus alle.

c1475 Mankind (1969) l. 838 (MED) The prowerbe seyth ‘Þe trewth tryith þe sylfe’.

?1537 R. Benese Measurynge Lande sig. Xiv They make the square therof muche lesse than the truthe.

1575 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1882) IV. 41 We beseik your wisdomes to beir leill witnes off the trewithe.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iv. xv. 124 She sent you word she was dead: But fearing since how it might worke, hath sent Me to proclaime the truth .

1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 52 The said Commissioners are to report to this Board the Truth of the Fact.

1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. ii. 202 We judge the Distances to be less than the Truth.

a1783 H. Brooke Poet. Wks. (1792) II. 38 That the truth, and matter of fact, upon enquiry and reflection, will be found exactly and literally as I have represented it.

1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 67 Ye see I do not mince the truth for ye.

1887 Weekly Times 25 Feb. 8/1 His primary object is to search out the truth.

1908 R. Bagot Anthony Cuthbert xxvii. 362 If he does not know, he more than suspects the truth.

1988 I. Colegate Deceits of Time (1990) 26 We all admire the way he thinks the best of people... But you are presumably after the truth.

2006 P. Williams Rise & Fall Yummy Mummy lxii. 275 ‘There was nothing going on.’ The lie hurts. But I can't explain the truth.

b. A fixed or established principle, an axiom; a verified fact. Sometimes coloured by sense A. 6a. Cf. sense A. 5b, for a truth at Phrases 1b, of a truth at Phrases 1d.home truth: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > self-evident truth, axiom > [noun]

truth1500

maxim?1530

head assertion1531

maximum1563

maxima1564

axiom1578

self-evident1675

truism1714

postulate1751

1500 T. Betson Ryght Profytable Treatyse sig. ciij Note this for a truth, y^t preuy talkyng lacketh no suspycyon.

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 25 I finde it nowe for a setled truth,..that the Purple dye will neuer staine, that the pure Cyuet will neuer loose his sauour, [etc.].

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. xii. 210 That women are menstruant, and men pubescent, at the year of twice seven, is accounted a punctual truth .

1695 T. Tryon New Method educating Children 15 It is a great Truth,..That the Females are naturally as fit for, and capable of all excellent Learning, as Men.

1741 J. Martyn tr. Virgil Georgicks iii. 273 (note) Varro affirms it as a certain truth, that about Lisbon some mares conceive by the wind, at a certain season.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxvi. 562 (note) Dicæarchus, the Peripatetic, composed a formal treatise, to prove this obvious truth.

1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice I. i. 1 It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.

1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table iii. 56 Leave your friend to learn unpleasant truths from his enemies.

1876 G. MacDonald Thomas Wingfold I. xiii. 110 Something at the root of all facts—namely, truths, or eternal laws of being.

a1925 H. T. Lane Talks to Parents & Teachers (1928) 166 Jason was in evident distress, having unconsciously learned a great truth, that there is no fun in destroying things if you are allowed to do it.

2011 Vanity Fair Sept. 222/2 An intelligence agency secretly provides information to a group of private-sector hackers so that truths too sensitive for the government to tell will nevertheless come out.

†c. That which is real or genuine, as distinguished from an imitation; the genuine article. Obsolete.In quot. 1655 (in theological context): Christ considered as the antitype (antitype n. 1) of a type (type n. 1a) depicted in the Old Testament.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] > the reality as opposed to what is apparent

bodyc1384

truth1531

substance1533

person1548

effect1592

hypostasis1605

reality1620

reala1637

essence1646

hypostase1867

1531 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 20 Item, for romaney buge to lyne the samyn goune, all truth..xiij li. ix s.

1655 W. Gouge & T. Gouge Learned Comm. Hebrewes (ix. 23) ii. 390 His body was the truth of the Tabernacle:..His mediation the truth of the incense:..He the truth of most types.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth V. 270 [The parrot's] voice..is more like a man's than that of any other [bird]; the raven is too hoarse, and the jay and magpie too shrill, to resemble the truth.

†d. The intrinsic nature of something. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun] > true nature

truth1552

1552 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16280.5) Administr. Lordes Supper (Declar. on Kneeling) sig. O.i^v It is against the truthe of Christes true naturall body, to be in mo places then in one, at one tyme.

a. True religious belief or doctrine; orthodoxy. Often with the, denoting a particular form of belief or teaching held to be true. Cf. sense A. 6.Common in the usage of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers); see quots. 1662, 1710, 1903.gospel-truth: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > orthodoxy > [noun]

the faithc1384

truthc1384

soundness1583

orthodoxy1630

orthodoxness1644

orthodoxism1645

orthodoxalness1654

orthodoxality1660

symmetricalness1684

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Tim. iv. 4 Thei schulen turne awey the heeringe fro treuthe [L. veritate], but to fablis thei schulen turne to gidere.

c1450 Speculum Christiani (Harl. 6580) (1933) 12 (MED) Oure lorde god..that we schulde not be in errour..ȝaue truthe to vs in scriptures, to whych he wolde that we leuede.

c1480 (a1400) St. Peter 607 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 24 Twa knychttis..þe quhilk petir..conuertit..and fra thay þe treutht had tane [etc.].

1556 J. Olde tr. R. Gwalther Antichrist f. 9^v Fauourers of the gospelles truthe.

1562 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 25 I can espy na thing thairin abhorring fra the treuth.

1662 in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1911) 2nd Ser. 144 It is ordered that there be a Collectione this month for the seruis of the truth.

1673 J. Milton Sonnets xv, in Poems (new ed.) 58 Them who kept thy truth so pure of old When all our Fathers worship't Stocks and Stones.

1710 O. Sansom Acct. Life 40 The Friend was declaring the Truth, when the Priest..came in.

1795 J. Macknight New Literal Transl. Apostolical Epist. III. 139 The inspired writers have so often called the gospel revelation, the truth.

1888 Scribner's Mag. June 737/2 The Church became a Living Witness to the Truth.

1903 E. V. Brown Aspects of Quaker Truth 33 If we Quakers are faithful to the truth that is in us it will be found that we have still a message for the present day.

1996 C. J. Stone Fierce Dancing xiii. 197 In 1974 I was a God-head, a seeker after the Truth.

b. An instance of this; an article of true religious belief or doctrine.

ΚΠ

c1400 J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 293 Þe creature þat telliþ hem a truþe in name of god.

?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 44 I..haue schewid to þee a truþe and a doctryn wherby þou schalt go to þe moost hiȝeste perfeccioun.

?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 94 Prelatis constreynen men of symple vnderstondyng..to assente to here dampnacion of treuþes of goddis lawe.

1532 T. More Confut. Tyndales Answere i. p. v These truthes had the apostles, the martyrs, the confessours, the holy doctours of Crystis chyrche.

1580 W. Fulke T. Stapleton & Martiall Confuted 17 His Fortress will doe them small pleasure, to establish them for Christian truthes.

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 60 The truths of religion are many times above reason, but never against it.

1674 W. Haworth Quaker converted to Christianity Ep. to J. Crooke sig. A2^v At such times as I have Preached Truths against their Opinions.

1721 R. Manning Case stated Church of Rome I. xiii. 73 The Apostles Creed neither expresses, nor was intended to express all necessary Truths of Faith.

1758 S. Hayward Seventeen Serm. i. 3 This is not a fancy,..but is a truth built upon divine testimony.

1836 Brit. Mag. July 1 The truths of religion..were speedily impressed with indelible force upon a mind naturally warm and imaginative.

1883 E. R. Pitman Florence Godfrey's Faith xviii. 112 We..taught the truths of the Bible to our classes.

a1912 L. O. Brastow Work of Preacher (1914) ii. 172 A doctrine..is of supreme interest for Christian faith and life. Such a truth is capable of being expressed in terms of rational thought.

2009 K. Armstrong Case for God iv. 97 They would be instructed in the deeper truths of Christianity only after the initiation of baptism.

9. Conduct or actions characteristic of devotion to God and in accordance with true religious belief; piety. Chiefly in to do the truth (formerly also †to do truth): to act or behave righteously and piously. Cf. sense A. 3. Now archaic (in later use chiefly U.S.).Originally and chiefly in and after biblical use (John 3:21, 1 John 1:6). In quot. 2002 after Ephesians 4:15; cf. to truth it in love at truth v. 3a.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > [noun]

devotion?c1225

life-holiness?c1225

love-awe?c1225

reverencec1300

Godfrightiheada1325

pity1340

devoutness1377

truthc1384

love-dreada1400

fearc1400

pietya1500

godliness1528

devoteness1606

heavenly-mindedness1612

obedientialness1651

piousness1659

devotionalness1673

unction1692

theopathy1749

devoteeism1828

pietism1829

bhakti1832

devotionality1850

devotionalism1859

pi1897

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John iii. 21 He that doth treuthe [L. veritatem], cometh to the liȝt, that his workis be schewid, for thei ben don in God.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 99 (MED) Of treuþe [Gött. reuth, Fairf. petey], of loue, of charite Was neuer hir make, ne neuer shal be.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) John iii. f. cxxij^v He that doth the trueth [1534 Tyndale, 1560 Geneva doth truth; 1611 King James trueth], commeth to the light.

1589 H. Finch Sacred Doctr. Diuinitie ii. 28 Simplicitie in speaking and doeing the trueth.

a1633 T. Pierson Excellent Encouragem. (1647) 5 The rule of Gods word, which is doing the truth.

1698 J. Jackson Friendly Enquirer's Doubts & Objections Answered 7 The Light..unto which, they that do the Truth bring all their works.

1769 T. Dunckerly in W. Calcott Candid Disquis. Princ. & Pract. Masons 142 It is not sufficient that we walk in the light, unless we do the truth.

1855 New Jerusalem Mag. Jan. 323 It is in doing the truth that hearing Moses and the Prophets consists.

1990 G. R. Lewis & B. A. Demarest Integrative Theol. II. iii. 141/1 One attains authentic existence..by concretely doing the truth.

2002 L. T. Johnson & W. S. Kurz Future of Catholic Biblical Scholarship iv. 118 We are called to do the truth in love.

III. Conformity with fact, reality, a standard, a pattern, etc.

10.

a. Conformity with fact; agreement with reality; accuracy or correctness in a statement, thought, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [noun]

soothc950

soothOE

rightOE

soothnessc1275

soothness1297

soothshipc1320

soothhead1340

very1382

trotha1387

trutha1391

verity1422

veriment1528

true?1531

trueness1559

veriness1574

reality1604

veracity1664

veridicalness1727

the fact of the matter1808

truthfulness1835

actualité1840

the straight1866

satya1879

straight goods1892

veridicalitya1901

truth value1903

dinky1941

α.

a1391 J. Clanvow Two Ways (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1975) 69 (MED) Þe worsshipes of þis wrecchide world..been noone worsshipes, ne þei auȝten not with treuth to been cleped worsshipes.

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 3437 (MED) Sall no duke in his dayes siche destanye happyn..when trewthe sall be tryede.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Hii^v/2 Trewth, veritas..Vntruth, error.

β. Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 96 (MED) In agen bringinge suche freris to the truthe and fredom of the gospel.1485 Croniclis of Englonde (St. Albans) v. sig. n vijj^v For the truth of the gospell is declarid by them.1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory i. i. sig. a3 The truthe of euery proposycyon shall soner and better be knowen.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 422 Tha declair the truth of the Catholick religioune.a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. iv. 116 If there be truth in sight, you are my daughter. 1628 W. Prynne Briefe Suruay Mr. Cozens 65 I haue here sufficiently euidenced the trueth of this Assertion.1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity Pref., in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) In this case Probability must attone for the want of Truth.1782 E. Pendleton Let. 28 Oct. in Lett. & Papers (1967) II. 415 If there be any truth in the French Minister's Intelligence from Boston, there can be none in a story we have piping hot from Philadelphia.a1829 J. Young Lect. Intell. Philos. (1835) xxxviii. 382 Truth is the agreement of our ideas and words with the nature of things.1891 Manch. Guardian 21 Nov. 5/7 There is a good deal of truth in the saying that what the eye does not see the heart does not feel.1907 J. Masefield Tarpaulin Muster 186 I've been..looking for truth in all these books.1966 H. Davies New London Spy (1967) 273 Most generalizations have only a grain of truth in them.2004 B. McLean & P. Elkind Smartest Guys in Room (rev. ed.) ix. 126 There was some truth to that, it just wasn't the whole truth.

†b. The essence of some quality or characteristic. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only in Shakespeare.

ΚΠ

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. iii. 14 Thou art fram'd of the firme truth of valour.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 166 She (hauing the truth of honour in her).

†c. poetic. Reality, actual existence, as contrasted with the imagination, a dream, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] > reality or quality of being real

reality1545

formality1570

trueness1604

realness1612

thatness1643

positivity1659

actualness1668

positiveness1668

thingsomeness1674

somethingness1675

thingship1697

authenticity1839

thingness1840

truth1842

isness1865

thinginess1891

1842 Ld. Tennyson Morte d'Arthur in Poems (new ed.) II. 17 On to dawn, when dreams Begin to feel the truth and stir of day.

1844 E. B. Barrett Poems II. 114 The golden-hearted daisies Witnessed..To the truth of things,..And I woke to Nature's real.

11. Agreement or conformity with a standard, rule, or pattern; accuracy, correctness; spec. correctness of position or alignment. Formerly also: †genuineness. Cf. true adj. 6a, 6c. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > [noun] > of tools, materials, etc.

trothc1425

truthc1443

trueness1594

justness1684

veracity1836

c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 67 Treuþe of beyng in kinde is..abilnes of euery þing to fulfille þe werkis of his kynde.

1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. v. i. 2 This Instrument will come to the Truth, as well as a Needle of greater charge.

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 43 To make them [sc. ploughs]..go true depends much upon the truth of the Iron-work.

1854 Poultry Chron. 1 609 The best fowls..as to truth of feather, condition, and general character.

1862 Internat. Exhib.: Illustr. Catal. Industr. Dept. II. xxx. §5831 The friction..allows the wheels to rotate with perfect truth and freedom.

1876 J. Rose Compl. Pract. Machinist vi. 86 Upon the truth of the last chucking only will the truth of the whole job depend; and if the face plate of the lath is a trifle out of true, [etc.].

1965 W. G. Wilson Change Ringing xx. 163 We can..call the bobs at these leads without affecting..the tenors. This will ensure the truth of the changes within the course.

12.

a. Esp. in art or literature: conformity with the reality of what is being represented; accuracy of representation or depiction; the quality of being true to life.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation > accurate

truth1802

truthfulness1824

1802 D. Stewart Life & Writings W. Robertson I. 42 To unite in his portraits the truth of nature with the softenings of art.

1890 C. H. Moore Devel. & Char. Gothic Archit. viii. 286 In truth and skill of modelling even the sculptures of Chartres and St. Denis..surpass these of Wells.

1935 N.Y. Times 7 Apr. ix. 1/7 He is in great danger of allowing the applause of the undiscerning to have more influence on his narrative than the innermost truth of his characters.

1965 Life 14 May 93/1 I have such a strong romantic fantasy about things—and that's what I paint, but come to it through realism. If you don't back up your dreams with truth, you have a very round-shouldered art.

2003 L. Kokkola Representing Holocaust in Children's Lit. iii. 102 The biographical truth..is not the truth of event, but rather the truth of characterization.

b. Architecture. Conformity between a work's appearance and reality; absence of techniques (e.g. the use of paint or plaster to imitate stonework) which create a false impression of the materials or methods of construction used.

ΚΠ

1828 R. Duppa Trav. Italy 105 The interior of the two houses of Pansa and Sallust..restored..with great apparent truth.

1850 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) Aug. 426 The principle of truth in architecture demands that all shall be what it seems to be.

1908 Trans. Internat. Congr. Architects 1906 256 The first great principle..is truth. Good architecture never deceives the eye even for a moment.

2009 L. Farrelly Constr. & Materiality 5 To make a concrete or steel framed building appear like a brick building conflicts with the idea of ‘truth’ to materials.

IV. Technical senses.

13. Particle Physics. One of the flavours (flavour n. 5) that characterize quarks and leptons, more often termed top (top n.¹ 38); a quark with this flavour (also truth quark). [Apparently named, along with its counterpart beauty (beauty n. 7), with allusion to the expression beauty is truth, truth beauty in John Keats's poem Ode on a Grecian Urn (compare quot. 1820 at sense A. 6a); for similar application of an abstract noun of quality to flavours, compare earlier charm n.¹ 6. These flavours are usually represented in notation by the letters t and b; their alternative designations top and bottom are attested from the same date.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > quark > [noun] > differentiating property > top or truth

truth1976

top1977

t1978

1976 Sci. News 26 June 409/3 Beyond charm and color, says one theorist, come ‘truth’ and ‘beauty’. These would require two new quarks, a true, or maybe truthful, quark and a beautiful one.

1977 New Scientist 8 Sept. 590/3 If the upsilon does contain a fifth quark a search will immediately be on for the sixth (‘truth’ or ‘top’).

1983 Farmington (New Mexico) Daily Times 15 May a11/3 This missing quark is the so-called ‘top’ or ‘truth’ quark.

2001 V. L. Ginzburg Physics of Lifetime 55 The t quarks of the sixth flavor, with a charge of 2/3 (known as top or truth quarks), proved to be especially difficult to find.

2013 S. T. Thornton & A. Rex Mod. Physics (ed. 4) xiv. 537 These last two quarks [sc. top quark and bottom quark] are sometimes called truth and beauty.

†B. adv. (and int.)

Expressing assent; cf. true adj. 4b. Also as an intensifier: = in truth at Phrases 1c. Also as int. Cf. troth adv. Obsolete (archaic and poetic in later use), God's truth n. and int. (b) at god n. and int. Compounds 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > in truth [interjection]

by (formerly also upon) my truthc1330

i'faitha1375

sootha1400

truth1534

good faitha1566

trotha1616

n'est-ce pas1854

nicht wahr1871

the straight1900

verdad1969

1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Matt. xv. 27 She answered and sayde: truthe Lorde: neverthelesse the whelpes eate of the crommes.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 69 Truth said he, my predecessors..were much both better and greater than I.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 16 Arms? truth! I know not.

Phrases

P1. With a preposition.

a. by (formerly also †upon) my truth: expressing strong affirmation or assertion. Cf. by my troth at troth n. and adv. Phrases 2. Now archaic and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > in truth [interjection]

by (formerly also upon) my truthc1330

i'faitha1375

sootha1400

truth1534

good faitha1566

trotha1616

n'est-ce pas1854

nicht wahr1871

the straight1900

verdad1969

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 405 Bi mi trewþe y schal þe swere, Schal y mi fader þe tiding bere.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2047 (MED) Seþþe saw i hire nouȝt, sire, bi my treuþe!

?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 131 (MED) Lyfte up þi feet, sett forth þi ton, or be my trewth þou getyst a clowte.

a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) iii. xix. sig. Rvii^v By my trueth vncle these thinges would I faine see wel proued.

1563 in F. J. Furnivall Child-marriages, Divorces, & Ratifications Diocese Chester (1897) 59 [He] promysed, bie his faith and treuth, that [etc.].

a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Double Marriage iv. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Eeeee4/2 Upon my truth I am honest.

1662 Duchess of Newcastle Youths Glory i. iii. viii, in Playes Written 135 By my truth Mistriss the Lord de l' Amour is a fine person.

1705 J. Vanbrugh Confederacy i. 2 Now by my truth, Neighbour, between the City and the Court..there's not a —— to chuse.

1810 J. Baillie Family Legend ii. ii. 55 Loch. They call'd our crew the Campbell-cow'd Macleans... 2nd Vas. Infernal devils! Dare they to call us so? Loch. Ay, by my truth!

1997 J. Y. Gregg Devils, Women & Jews iii. 117 ‘By my truth,’ said the other, ‘my wife obeys me truly.’

b. for a truth: = in truth at Phrases 1c. Now rare (Irish English in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [adverb]

in truthc1330

in faitha1375

in good faitha1393

in casea1398

in effectc1405

indeed1412

effectually1420

actually?a1425

really?a1425

of a truth1494

bottom1531

for a truth?1532

in fact1592

authentically1593

in esse1597

de facto1602

essentially1604

in nature1605

in point of fact1628

positively1649

in point of event1650

effectively1652

honestly1675

entally1691

reely1792

objectively1796

fairlyc1804

in actual fact1824

factually1852

naturally1858

transactionally1866

'smatter of fact1922

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > assuredly, indeed

soothlyc825

forsoothc888

wiselyc888

sooth to sayOE

i-wislichec1000

to (‥) soothOE

iwis?c1160

certesa1250

without missa1275

i-witterlic1275

trulyc1275

aplight1297

certc1300

in (good) fayc1300

verily1303

certain1330

in truthc1330

to tell (also speak, say) the truthc1330

certainlya1375

faithlya1375

in faitha1375

surelya1375

in sooth1390

in trothc1390

in good faitha1393

to witc1400

faithfullyc1405

soothly to sayc1405

all righta1413

sad?a1425

in certc1440

wella1470

truec1480

to say (the) truth1484

of a truth1494

of (a) trotha1500

for a truth?1532

in (of) verity1533

of verityc1550

really1561

for, in, or into very?1565

indeed1583

really and truly1600

indeed and indeed1673

right enough1761

deed1816

just1838

of a verity1850

sho1893

though1905

verdad1928

sholy1929

ja-nee1937

only1975

deffo1996

?1532 T. Paynell tr. Erasmus De Contemptu Mundi iii. sig. C.iii^v But for a truthe there is nothynge more miserable..than worldly goodes.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxvi And for a treugth, at thys season there was mortal warre betwene king Lewes and the duke of Borgoyne.

a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Four Plays in One in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Eeeeeeee4^v/2 The Divell follows him; and for a truth Sir, appears in visible figure often to him.

1905 ‘B. St. Luz’ Black Butterflies xiii. 179 It shocks my sensibilities every time I look in that direction—it does, for a truth!

1946 O. St. J. Gogarty in Poetry (Chicago) May 71 I found, for a truth, There's sometimes great kindness behind the uncouth.

c. in truth: in fact, as a fact; truly, really, indeed.Chiefly used to strengthen or emphasize a statement, esp. one which seems surprising or unlikely.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [adverb]

in truthc1330

in faitha1375

in good faitha1393

in casea1398

in effectc1405

indeed1412

effectually1420

actually?a1425

really?a1425

of a truth1494

bottom1531

for a truth?1532

in fact1592

authentically1593

in esse1597

de facto1602

essentially1604

in nature1605

in point of fact1628

positively1649

in point of event1650

effectively1652

honestly1675

entally1691

reely1792

objectively1796

fairlyc1804

in actual fact1824

factually1852

naturally1858

transactionally1866

'smatter of fact1922

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > assuredly, indeed

soothlyc825

forsoothc888

wiselyc888

sooth to sayOE

i-wislichec1000

to (‥) soothOE

iwis?c1160

certesa1250

without missa1275

i-witterlic1275

trulyc1275

aplight1297

certc1300

in (good) fayc1300

verily1303

certain1330

in truthc1330

to tell (also speak, say) the truthc1330

certainlya1375

faithlya1375

in faitha1375

surelya1375

in sooth1390

in trothc1390

in good faitha1393

to witc1400

faithfullyc1405

soothly to sayc1405

all righta1413

sad?a1425

in certc1440

wella1470

truec1480

to say (the) truth1484

of a truth1494

of (a) trotha1500

for a truth?1532

in (of) verity1533

of verityc1550

really1561

for, in, or into very?1565

indeed1583

really and truly1600

indeed and indeed1673

right enough1761

deed1816

just1838

of a verity1850

sho1893

though1905

verdad1928

sholy1929

ja-nee1937

only1975

deffo1996

c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 7694 He dede michel rewþe. Þis was on Yders lond in trewþe.

c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 34 In treuþe, Þet þer be non ypocrysye, Bote repentaunce and reuþe.

?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 136 (MED) How I schal make mysilf opyn in a soule þat in truþe loueþ me.

c1475 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 143 Hyt was a howse of nunes in trewthe,..But not welle gouernede, and þat was rowthe.

1650 A. Weldon Court & Char. King James 99 Some of them played booty, and in truth, the Game was not plaid above board.

1687 J. Phillips tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote i. i. i. 5 A young fresh-colour'd smerking Country-Wench that went for a Maid, but in truth, was a crackt piece of Ware.

1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. iii. 86 These People pretend to blame him, whereas in truth they ought only to blame themselves.

1795 E. Burke Let. 27 Nov. in Corr. (1969) VIII. 351 In truth all these distempers pass my Skill.

1833 J. H. Newman Arians 4th Cent. i. 94 The mind is often compared to a tablet or paper... But, in truth, the mind can never resemble a blank paper.

1884 D. Pae Eustace 6 It was in truth a scene of great beauty.

1928 H. L. McBain in C.A. Beard Whither Mankind vi. 143 The classical democracies of Athens and Rome were in truth only fairly wide aristocracies superstructed upon slavery.

1966 H. Davies New London Spy (1967) 244 The West End baths are naturally more expensive and the amenities more elaborate although, in truth, the furnishings are faded and threadbare.

2009 D. Nicholls One Day (2010) i. 11 In truth he had never really seen the point of cuddling.

d. of a truth (in early use also †of truth).

(a) = in truth at Phrases 1c. Now archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [adverb]

in truthc1330

in faitha1375

in good faitha1393

in casea1398

in effectc1405

indeed1412

effectually1420

actually?a1425

really?a1425

of a truth1494

bottom1531

for a truth?1532

in fact1592

authentically1593

in esse1597

de facto1602

essentially1604

in nature1605

in point of fact1628

positively1649

in point of event1650

effectively1652

honestly1675

entally1691

reely1792

objectively1796

fairlyc1804

in actual fact1824

factually1852

naturally1858

transactionally1866

'smatter of fact1922

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > assuredly, indeed

soothlyc825

forsoothc888

wiselyc888

sooth to sayOE

i-wislichec1000

to (‥) soothOE

iwis?c1160

certesa1250

without missa1275

i-witterlic1275

trulyc1275

aplight1297

certc1300

in (good) fayc1300

verily1303

certain1330

in truthc1330

to tell (also speak, say) the truthc1330

certainlya1375

faithlya1375

in faitha1375

surelya1375

in sooth1390

in trothc1390

in good faitha1393

to witc1400

faithfullyc1405

soothly to sayc1405

all righta1413

sad?a1425

in certc1440

wella1470

truec1480

to say (the) truth1484

of a truth1494

of (a) trotha1500

for a truth?1532

in (of) verity1533

of verityc1550

really1561

for, in, or into very?1565

indeed1583

really and truly1600

indeed and indeed1673

right enough1761

deed1816

just1838

of a verity1850

sho1893

though1905

verdad1928

sholy1929

ja-nee1937

only1975

deffo1996

1494 Lydgate's Falle of Princis (Pynson) ii. sig. fvi^v/1 Of truth [?a1439 Bodl. 263 Off trouthe] I may rightwell afferme and saye The people mekely their biddynge shulde obeye.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xiv. f. xx^v Of a truth thou arte the sonne off God.

c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) ii. 2 The grit Debait and Turnament Off trewth no toung can tell.

1603 R. Rogers Seuen Treat. vii. x. 595 God is with you of a trueth.

1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity i. ii. xiii. 159 Would not this of a truth prove a most palpable and remarkable Limb of Antichristianism?

1721 J. Perry Glory Christ's Visible Kingdom xix. 294 Then shall the Saints be fully assured that God..is in the midst of them, of a Truth.

1769 Monthly Rev. Feb. 107 Of a truth he is a writer of very enlarged views.

1825 J. M. Sherer Scenes & Impressions Egypt & Italy (ed. 2) 67 Though slow, it [sc. a camel's pace] is not disagreeable till towards the close of a day's journey, when it is, of a truth, achingly wearisome.

1873 ‘Ouida’ Pascarèl I. 57 Of a truth I loved you.

1916 Crisis Dec. 68/1 Interesting she is also; of a truth, unfailingly interesting.

2011 A. H. Gabhart Angel Sister xxv. 224 ‘That would be something to see.’..‘It would of a truth.’

†(b) In predicative use: true; actually or really the case. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. eiij^v It is of a trueth they are dedde.

1590 E. Webbe Rare & Wonderfull Things (new ed.) To Rdr. sig. A3 In this booke there is nothing mentioned or expressed but that which is of truth, and what mine owne eyes haue perfectly seene.

P2.

a. In various proverbs and proverbial phrases.the truth will out: see out adv. 4c(a).

ΚΠ

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. i. l. 126 Treuþe is tresour triedest [a1500 Dublin 213 þe tridest] on eorþe.

a1450 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1931) 159 91 (MED) Trewthe may be trobyld Bot neuer sal be schamed.

?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 340 (MED) Trewth dyd nevyr his maystyr shame.

1568 L. Evans Castle of Christianitie f. 27^v The truth is mightie, and the contrarie is weake.

1659 J. Howell Prov. Spanish Tovng 5/2 in Παροιμιογραϕια Truth is green.

1732 T. Fuller Gnomologia 231 Truth makes the Devil blush.

1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XIV ci. 165 Truth is always strange; Stranger than fiction.

1855 Amer. Law Reg. 3 322 The greater the truth, the greater the libel.

1939 Washington Post 19 Jan. 9/2 It has been well said that truth is the first casualty of war.

1951 Pop. Mech. June 95/1 Odd figures crop up in any survey, probably to prove again that truth is stranger than fiction.

2009 Weekender (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 3 Mar. The truth is the best defence.

b. there is truth in wine (also †in wine is truth) and variants: a person says what he or she really feels, or shows his or her true self, when under the influence of alcohol.More popularly used in the Latin form in vino veritas phr.

ΚΠ

1545 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Prouerbes (new ed.) sig. H5^v In wyne is trouthe.]

1586 G. Pettie & B. Yong tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (rev. ed.) iv. f. 196^v This Prouerbe is verified. Truth is Wine.

1659 T. Pecke Parnassi Puerperium 5 Grant but the Adage true, that Truth's in Wine.

1713 J. Dunton Neck or Nothing 32 To be sure there is Truth in Wine; for Drunken Harry no sooner gets into a Reeling Sickness, but we straight hear of the Rich Diamond that the French Tyrant gave him.

1786 R. Polwhele tr. Theocritus Idyllia & Epigrams 212 Since, ‘Truth's in Wine’, my dearest Youth, We mellow Souls should speak the Truth.

1800 Sporting Mag. Oct. 42 Ye Topers, who dip in the nectar divine, Of dipping be careful—for truth is in wine.

1869 A. Trollope He knew he was Right II. li. 11 There is no saying truer than that which declares that there is truth in wine.

1958 J. H. Miller C. Dickens (1970) i. 25 There is truth in wine... Drink merely brings out Pickwick in all his innate benevolence.

2009 Daily Tel. (Austral.) 1 Jan. 51/1 If there is truth in wine, as the Latin proverb in vino veritas suggests, then those listening to..Socrates must have learned a few homegrown ones. For he could..drink you under the table.

P3. In idiomatic phrases.

a. (the) truth is (also †truth it is): used to emphasize that even though what the speaker is saying may be candid or unexpected, he or she is only stating what is true.

ΚΠ

?1531 R. Barnes Supplic. Kinge Henrye VIII f. viii The truth ys yov were neuer wonte lenger to holde with them than they dyd maintayne youre carnalle desyers and doo those thynges that you commaunded them to doo.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. i. iv. f. 4^v/1 Of quhat sum euer natioun thay ben discendit, treuth is, efter thair cumyng in Albion, thay war ane ciuill pepyl.

1665 R. Brathwait Comment Two Tales Chaucer 110 Truth is, he was shrewd to me, and gave me store of rib roast.

1712 W. Darrell Gentleman Instructed: 3rd Pt. i. 13 The truth is he had been bred up with the Groom, and transplanted the Stable dialect into the Dressing-Room.

1817 N. Amer. Rev. July 157 The truth is, no official or correct account of these transactions was given in the papers of the day.

1860 T. Carlyle Let. 15 Mar. in Corr. T. Carlyle & J. Ruskin (1982) 85 The maid brought in her Cigar Box,—the third... Truth is, I am not yet half way thro' the First Box.

1940 M. Dickens Mariana vii. 244 I wasn't going to tell you, but the truth is, I am in a bit of a fix.

1988 Mother Jones July 14/3 The truth is, nobody really knows why ratings go up or down.

2010 Times (Nexis) 2 July 79 The truth is we cannot afford not to equip ourselves for the world of tomorrow.

b. the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth (and variants): the absolute truth; esp. used to emphasize that something, esp. a statement, is or should be true in every particular, with no facts omitted or untrue elements added.The phrase forms part of the oath or the affirmation (affirmation n. 4) declared or agreed to by witnesses in court before giving testimony. A witness can choose to place one hand on the Bible when swearing the oath, but is now usually not required to do so.In quot. 1593 with reference to the foreman of the jury taking the oath.

ΚΠ

1571 J. Bridges Serm. Paules Crosse 33 What shoulde we teache in matters of saluation but the Truthe, and all the truthe, and nothyng but the truth?

1593 J. Adames Order of Keeping Court Leete sig. A3^v The Oth of the Foreman... You shal present and tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so helpe you God, and by the contents of this booke.

1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo iii. xvii. 465 The oath giuen to Iurors is, That they shall deale iustly and truely betweene partie and partie; but the witnesses are to speake the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, and so they take their oath.

1668 T. Thomson Eng. Rogue ii. iii. 12 Do I stand here to hear stories? Sir tell me the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.

1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 42 Merchants are infinitely curious in the..Regularity, and Justice of their Books..; they are, or ought to be, the Truth, whole Truth, and nothing but the Truth of all that is done.

1786 Acts & Laws State of Connecticut 197 Every Quaker..be permitted to make his or her solemn Affirmation... You..do solemnly and sincerely affirm and declare, that the Evidence you shall give..shall be the Truth, the whole Truth, and nothing but the Truth; upon the Pains and Penalties of Perjury.

1830 W. Chambers Bk. Scotl. 129 The witness must lay his left hand on an open Bible, and hold up his right... ‘I swear by Almighty God..that I will tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.’

1835 G. P. R. James My Aunt Pontypool II. xi. 272 This simple..tale is written with the purpose..of telling, like an Old Bailey witness, the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.

1905 W. Osler in Med. News 30 Sept. 625/1 No human being is constituted to know the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth; and even the best of men must be content with fragments, with partial glimpses, never the full fruition.

1977 M. F. Scheinman Evid. & Proof in Arbitration 4 The oath generally used is: ‘Do you swear [or affirm] to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth?’

2008 Gazette (Essex) (Nexis) 19 Mar. You have to walk into a crown court and solemnly swear the evidence you are about to give is the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth—or face the wrath of the contempt laws.

c. if (the) truth be told and variants: (in parenthetical use) = to tell (the) truth at tell v. Phrases 2. Often with ellipsis of if, as truth be told.rare before 19th cent.

ΚΠ

1592 G. Babington Certaine Comfortable Notes Genesis (xxxvii.) f. 144^v Euen brethren to loue togither (if truth be told) is a hard thing.

1771 F. Gentleman Tobacconist Prol. In ev'ry clime we find, if truth be told The universal deity is gold.

1805 Boston Weekly Mag. 16 Mar. 84/1 Truth be told, I have a world of love for you.

1818 E. B. Lester Quakers xi. 136 If the truth be told, she was the least uncomfortable of the three.

1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad xxx. 44 More than I, if truth were told, Have stood and sweated hot and cold.

1922 F. B. Young Red Knight vi. 160 His moody, and, if the truth be told, self-centred soul.

1989 N. Shapiro tr. I. Raboy Jewish Cowboy vii. 77 If truth be told, Bobby was not quite as scrupulous as he might have been about setting out each piece on the ground skinside up.

2013 E. Lange Dead Ends (2014) ii. 13 Truth be told, she was pretty damn cool as far as moms go.

d. truth or dare: a game in which each participant, in turn, must choose between answering truthfully a personal question and carrying out a ‘dare’ put to him or her by one of the other players. Also with capital initials. Cf. sense A. 5d, truth game n. at Compounds 4.

ΚΠ

1936 Indian Jrnl. (Eufaula, Okla.) 23 Jan. 7/5 During the evening such games as ‘Truth or Dare’..were played.

1987 Canad. Geographic Dec. 75/2 We..occasionally played ‘truth or dare’ with the Langmuir kids.

2010 R. James Beautiful Malice xv. 90 Truth or dare... Come on. I love this game. It's the best way to get to know people.

e. to tell the truth and shame the devil: see shame v. 4d. to be economical with the truth: see economical adj. Phrases. economy of truth: see economy n. Phrases 1. moment of truth: see moment n. 1e. the naked truth: see naked adj. 17b.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive, as truth breach, truth world, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > unfaithfulness > [noun]

untruthc893

untruenessOE

falsedom1297

falsehood1297

falsenessc1330

falsityc1330

untrothc1374

mistruthc1480

disloyalty1481

unfaithfulness1526

untrustiness1526

deloyalty1571

disloyalness1586

truth breach1597

faithlessness1598

bad faith1653

infaithfulness1685

trustlessness1828

unreliableness1844

disfaith1881

1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements ii. xix. 260 A grieuous crime of disloialtie & truth breach.

1848 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 211 Some grains of truth-gold.

1972 E. B. Daryush Sel. Poems 62 For us who are tired with truth-light.

2010 R. Mascella et al. in V. Cappechi et al. Applic. of Math. in Models xxii. 522 Art is not more introducing in the truth world; it does not have to be useful and convey moral or sentimental messages.

truth-claim n.

ΚΠ

1907 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 4 489 ‘A vital distinction’..between the truth, or the truth-claim, of an idea and the validated truth-claim, or the truth after it is validated.

1977 A. Giddens Stud. in Social & Polit. Theory i. 78 An ‘empirical intersection’ subject to disputation in respect of truth claims.

2006 Third Way Nov. 4/2 Polemics are ways of defending the truth-claims of one's own religion against the perceived challenges of the other.

truth-relation n.

ΚΠ

1844 Oberlin (Ohio) Evangelist 5 June 96/3 Whenever..a minister deranges these truth-relations, he ceases to edify the people.

1952 Mind 61 193 The truth relation is repeatedly defined by Peirce in straightforward old-fashioned correspondence terms.

2005 Mind 114 324 Such proofs involve a truth relation that holds between sentences and interpretations.

truth-worship n.

ΚΠ

1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Theophrastus Such iii. 55 This sort of truth-worship.

1923 Jrnl. Egyptian Archaeol. 9 258 The peculiar explosion..of truth-worship.

2013 Buffalo (N.Y.) News (Nexis) 2 Dec. c31 The crucial skepticism and truth-worship that is taught can..curdle into triviality and outright meanness.

C2. Instrumental, as truth-filled, truth-inspired, truth-led, etc.

ΚΠ

1627 T. May tr. Lucan Pharsalia (new ed.) ix. sig. Q6 What Cato spoke, Few words, but from a truth fill'd breast they broke.

a1770 T. Chatterton Compl. Wks. (1971) I. 169 In truth-dictated lays.

1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 56 The calm of truth-tried love.

1848 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 61 Truth-led in Time's darkest hour.

1876 J. S. Blackie Songs Relig. & Life 130 A truth-shod Christian brotherhood.

1907 London Q. Rev. Jan. 77 The truth-inspired brush of the ripened Morelli.

2014 Providence (Rhode Island) Jrnl. (Nexis) 3 Apr. (Comment) 1 Such an insightful and truth-filled article.

C3.

a. Objective, with agent nouns, verbal nouns, and participles, as truth-bringing, truth-desiring, truth-finder truth-searcher, etc.

ΚΠ

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne v. lxvi. 88 Ere truth-reuealing time..Bewraid her act [It. pria che di sue frodi altri s'auueda].

1653 S. Fisher Παιδοβαπτιζοντες Παιδιζοντες: Baby-baptism 234 That Truth-destroying thing called Tythes.

1736 J. Thomson Prospect: 5th Pt. Liberty 33 Instead of..Truth-perplexing metaphysic Wits, Men, Patriots, Chiefs and Citizens are form'd.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones II. vi. i. 224 The Truth-finder, and the Gold-finder.

1759 tr. Horace Satires i. iv, in W. Duncombe et al. tr. Horace Wks. II. 101 Nor even him he spares, The Heart when Truth-revealing Bacchus bares [L. condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber].

1778 J. Matlock Apostasy Broad Way to Hell 72 A brood of God-provoking, heaven-daring, truth-denying sinners.

1814 A. Clarke Holy Bible with Comm. & Crit. Notes (Acts xvi. 16) sig. 4R/1 Our term soothsaying comes from the Anglo-Saxon soð, truth; and sæȝan, to say: i. e. truth-saying, or saying the truth.

1868 R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies 1st Ser. xxiii. 130 An unlying man seldom telleth lies, and a truth-saying (veracious) man often saith the truth.

1903 Dawn (Baltimore) Oct. 74/1 His truth-denying, fallacious theory.

1928 A. Huxley Point Counter Point xxvi. 443 Truth-Searchers become just as silly..as the boozers.

1961 Boxoffice 12 June a10/2 Aided by a little truth-bending, they evade school officials.

1975 Publisher's Weekly 18 Aug. 58/3 He abandoned near-total admiration for some tough truth-saying about Ali toward the end.

1999 New Yorker 7 June 20/3 We all have our own idea of what makes road trips truth revealing—and irresistible.

2009 W. Chaloupka in E. Bomberg & D. Schlosberg Environmentalism in U.S. iv. 58 A telling critique of Plato's cave allegory, with the philosopher cast as the truth-bringing scientist.

truth-lover n.

ΚΠ

1793 Bee 16 Oct. 264 To Correspondents... The critique by Truth Lover is too severe.

1909 D. P. Rhodes Philos. of Change viii. 362 The choice constantly imposed upon truth-lovers..between conservatism and radicalism.

2009 Prospect (Nexis) 19 Nov. This October, inspired by the Guardian's ‘bad science’ column, Times Higher Education magazine decided to strike a blow for truth-lovers with the nation's first ‘bad history’ column.

truth-loving adj.

ΚΠ

1629 J. P. Christs Confession & Complaint To Rdr. sig. (b) 2 Christian and Truth-louing Reader, I offer here..the Confession and Complaint of Christ Iesus our Sauiour.

1705 W. Jameson Cyprianus Isotimus i. 147 My Observant and Truth loving Reader.

1828 T. Carlyle in Foreign Rev. 2 439 A just, quiet, truth-loving man.

1946 R. Graves Poems 1938–45 31 Truth-loving Persians do not dwell upon The trivial skirmish fought near Marathon.

2006 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 1 Dec. 17 Both our nations are God-fearing, truth-loving and justice-seeking.

truth-seeker n.

ΚΠ

1817 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 29 Nov. 1057 The Truth-seekers should return to day-light.

1941 Life 27 Oct. 118/1 It is an obligation that..has made us a nation of aggressive truth-seekers.

2004 C. J. Richard Battle for Amer. Mind iii. 93 The gleeful arrogance..had persuaded few Athenians to consider him [sc. Socrates] a humble truth-seeker.

truth-seeking adj. and n.

ΚΠ

1629 J. P. Christs Confession & Complaint 84 To alienate the heart of the Prince from his most Religious and Truth seeking Subiects.

1789 T. Holcroft tr. J. C. Lavater Ess. Physiognomy I. xii. 94 Her truth seeking pupils.

1896 W. James in New World 5 345 I..cannot see my way to accepting the agnostic rules for truth seeking.

1931 Boys' Life June 22/1 The spirit of truth telling and truth seeking.

2013 Daily Tel. 29 Mar. 18/4 Rather than getting a thrill from watching blood-spattered scenes on screen, ‘truth-seeking’ audiences hope to gain a meaningful insight into human nature.

truth-speaker n.

ΚΠ

1632 P. Holland tr. Xenophon Cyrupædia iii. i. 59 You seeme..not to thinke that insolent and malapert persons take knowledge of any others more staied and temperate than themselves,..nor liers of truth speakers [L. neque mentientis, qui loquuntur uera; Gk. οὐδὲ τοὺς ψευδομένους τοὺς τἀληθῆ λέγοντας].

1711 A. Pope Corr. 19 July (1956) I. 128 Their method of revenge on the truth-speaker is to attack his reputation.

1859 Knickerbocker Mar. 290 The sailor in the discharge of every duty at sea, is a truth-speaker.

2008 B. Goldacre Bad Sci. vi. 88 The truth-speaker knows the truth and is trying to give it to us.

truth-speaking adj. and n.

ΚΠ

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. James. i. f. xxvii^v The most pure sede of the eternall and trueth speaking worde [L. sermonis aeterni ac veridici].

1642 J. Gauden 3 Serm. 56 The common enterchange of good offices is in the way of truth-speaking.

1785 A. M. Bennett Anna IV. lxxix. 69 All his former suspicions..confirmed in her truth-speaking countenance.

1872 Ld. Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 28 Bounteous, merciful, Truth-speaking, brave.

1906 E. L. Cabot Everyday Ethics 418 Truth-speaking is not always compatible with courtesy.

2000 P. W. Kahn Law & Love ii. 35 It is too hard to be the truth-speaking Fool.

truth-teller n.

ΚΠ

1564 I. S. Pitifull Estate of Time Present sig. D.ij For neuer shall truth tellers, bee thorowly welcome in Englande tyll such false flatterers be out of credit and estimation.

1625 J. Stradling Divine Poemes 129 He..Truth-tellers crowns with blisse.

1742 Britannia in Mourning 14 These musty Truth-tellers insist upon't.

1852 Ld. Tennyson Ode Wellington 188 Truth-teller was our England's Alfred named.

1927 Amer. Mercury May p. liv The truthtellers whose greatest joy is just the zest of being true and truthful.

2013 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 6 June 39/4 Those in power..need such fact-grubbers and truth-tellers too.

truth-telling n. and adj.

1539 R. Morison tr. J. L. Vives Introd. Wisedome sig. k.iii^v The damage that commeth by truth telling, hindrith not longe [L. nec veritatis damnum diu nocet].

1597 C. Middleton Famous Hist. Chinon iii. sig. D4 Giue licence to my truth telling tonge..to disclose the especial cause of my hastie comming.

1698 T. D'Urfey Campaigners 9 Our Famous Antient Truth-telling Poet Juvenal.

1756 C. Smart tr. Horace Satires i. iv, in tr. Horace Wks. (1826) II. 43 When truth-telling [L. verax] Bacchus opens the secrets of his heart.

1847 A. Helps Friends in Council I. i. i. 8 Truth-telling in its highest sense requires a well-balanced mind.

1908 R. Bagot Anthony Cuthbert viii Impressions..confirmed by the truth-telling light of day.

2007 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 6 Dec. 62/2 Truth-telling was a supreme religious duty for the Persians.

C4.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission n. (also with lower-case initials) [originally after Spanish Comisión de Verdad y Reconciliación, the name of a commission created on 25 April 1990 to investigate deaths and disappearances for political reasons in Chile under the rule of Augusto Pinochet (compare quot. 1990)] Politics an official body charged with the investigation of claims of human rights abuses, esp. during a previous government or regime; abbreviated TRC (see TRC n. at T n. Additions).Most commonly referring to the commission set up by a South African Parliamentary Act on 26 July 1995 (see quot. 1995) to investigate claims of such abuses during the apartheid era.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of body or spec. bodies > [noun] > commission > other types of commission

conservacy1434

conservice1571

conservation1580

conservancy1618

Royal Commission1747

county commission1763

railroad commission1855

Audit Commission1866

European Commission1956

Countryside Commission1964

Truth and Reconciliation Commission1990

Truth Commission1991

1990 N.Y. Times 3 June 6/1 The nine-member Truth and Reconciliation Commission named in April by President Patricio Aylwin [of Chile] is charged with being ‘the moral conscience of the nation’.

1995 Promotion of National Unity & Reconciliation Act in Juta's Statutes S. Afr. (1997) I. 2-398 To provide for the investigation and the establishment of as complete a picture as possible of the nature, causes and extent of gross violations of human rights..to provide for the establishment of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

2001 H. Gilbert Postcolonial Plays 25/1 The controversial work of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) has spawned a number of bold and imaginative theatrical ventures in the post-apartheid period.

2006 UMass Amherst Fall 37/1 I was no stranger to transitional justice... I studied the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

Truth Commission n. (also with lower-case initials) Politics = Truth and Reconciliation Commission n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of body or spec. bodies > [noun] > commission > other types of commission

conservacy1434

conservice1571

conservation1580

conservancy1618

Royal Commission1747

county commission1763

railroad commission1855

Audit Commission1866

European Commission1956

Countryside Commission1964

Truth and Reconciliation Commission1990

Truth Commission1991

1991 N.Y. Times 13 Mar. a5/5 A ‘truth commission’ would be created to gather evidence on political killings and other violent repression [in El Salvador] in the last 15 years.

1993 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 31 Aug. 10 a ANC leaders said at a news conference that a national ‘Truth Commission’ should be formed to investigate human rights abuses by all sides during the anti-apartheid struggle.

2001 New Republic 14 May 11/2 More and more we are relying on truth commissions and international tribunals to record the unpleasant truths about recent conflicts.

2012 New Yorker 19 Mar. 57/3 In 1985, an unprecedented Truth Commission report on the crimes of the Dirty War [in Argentina]..led to the trials and jailing of, among others, nine former junta leaders.

truth condition n. [after German Wahrheitsbedingung (1921 in the passage translated in quot. 1922)] Logic a condition which must be fulfilled in order for a statement to be true.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical truth > [noun] > truth condition

sufficient condition1914

truth condition1922

1922 C. K. Ogden et al. tr. L. Wittgenstein Tractatus 95 The proposition is the expression of its truth-conditions.

1978 P. Pettit in C. Hookway & P. Pettit Action & Interpr. 48 Incompatible sentences have truth conditions which we cannot conceive of as being simultaneously fulfilled.

2012 A. Brueckner & G. Ebbs Debating Self-knowledge 5 One does not know the meanings and associated truth conditions of one's sentences.

truth drug n. a psychoactive drug administered to a person with the intention of making him or her tell the truth, esp. in a criminal investigation; cf. truth serum n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > other types of intoxicating drug

truth serum1913

truth drug1922

whoonga2010

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > truthfulness, veracity > [noun] > substance

truth serum1913

truth drug1922

soap1975

1922 Chicago Defender 11 Mar. 12/4 Tried out in Texas it [sc. scopalamin] made prisoners tell the truth about alleged crimes. The ‘Truth Drug’ should work wonders.

1969 Daily Tel. 16 Dec. 15/1 Interviewed under the truth drug pentathol, he told doctors he did not realise he had done the baby any harm.

2013 K. Rhodes Killing of Angels (2014) xxix. 220 He'd be prepared to use blackmail, truth drugs or a cattle prod to gain a confession from him.

truth frequency n. Philosophy and Statistics the number of true statements in a given collection of statements, viewed as a proportion of the total number of statements in the collection.

ΚΠ

1920 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 17 46 To qualify a proposition as probable is to ascribe to it a truth frequency which holds for its class.

1968 Jrnl. Thought 3 204 A proposition q has a probability of m/n in relation to a premise p when and only when p entails that q is a member of a class of propositions whose truth frequency is m/n.

2013 J. Grover Strategic Econ. Decision-making i. 7 The probability of a proportion relative to a class..is equal to the truth-frequency.

truth-function n. Philosophy Logic (a) (in quot. 1909) the process by which subjective truth arises from the interaction of beliefs and facts; (b) Logic a function which assigns a truth value to a proposition based solely on the truth values of each of its constituent propositions; a statement or proposition whose truth value depends solely on the truth values of its constituent propositions.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical truth > [noun] > truth-functionality > truth function

alternation1862

truth-function1909

1909 W. James Meaning of Truth i. 41 The reader will easily see how much of the account of the truth-function developed later in Pragmatism was already explicit in this earlier article.

1910 A. N. Whitehead & B. Russell Principia Mathematica I. i. 8 We may call a function f(p) a ‘truth-function’ when its argument p is a proposition, and the truth-value of f(p) depends only upon the truth value of p.

1960 S. Körner Philos. Math. ii. 40 ‘(Brutus murdered Caesar) and (Rome lies in Italy)’ is a truth-function.

2006 S. Schroeder Wittgenstein ii. 63 Unlike conjunction and conditional, negation is a truth-function based on only one proposition.

truth-functional adj. Logic relating to or involving a truth function; having the property of a truth function.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical truth > [adjective] > other terms relating to

matrix1914

truth-functional1936

constative1955

1936 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 1 112 Further details include an exposition of the canonical forms..and a truth-functional study of the syllogism.

1968 N. Chomsky & M. Halle Sound Pattern Eng. 387 We note there that certain truth-functional conditions are required for the phonological rules.

2004 R. M. Martin Introducing Symbolic Logic i. 19 When and means and then, the word and is not truth-functional.

truth-functionality n. Logic the fact of being a truth function, or of operating in terms of truth functions.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical truth > [noun] > truth-functionality

truth-functionality1950

1950 W. V. Quine Methods of Logic §2. 8 The property of truth-functionality..is thus enjoyed by negation, conjunction, and alternation.

1978 S. Haack Philos. Logics iii. 35 The desirability of truth-functionality is quite uncontroversial; but it is equally clear that a logic restricted to truth-functions would be unacceptably limited.

2013 M. Vargas Building Better Beings iv. 122 Ordinary moral language presents the appearance of truth-functionality and the predication of moral properties.

truth-functionally adv. Logic in terms of or by means of a truth function; as a truth function.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical truth > [adverb]

truth-functionally1937

probabilistically1944

1937 Philos. Sci. 4 141 If p and q had constituent propositions which were truth functionally dependent..ft would not be equivalent to p.

2013 A. M. Yaqub Introd. Logical Theory iii. 122 Even if an English connective is used truth-functionally, there might be aspects to the meaning of the connective that are not captured.

truth game n. = sense A. 5d; cf. truth or dare at Phrases 3d.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > parlour and party games > [noun] > question and answer games

purposec1380

questions and commands1628

cross-purposes1666

cross-questions and crooked answers1742

Yes and No1843

truth1868

clumps1883

truth game1908

1908 Atchison (Kansas) Daily Globe 2 Jan. 2/5 A Truth game has been known to put life-time friendship into an airship. Don't play it.

1941 ‘N. Blake’ Case of Abominable Snowman xviii. 198 Since we seem to be playing the truth game..did you kill Elizabeth Restorick?

2005 New Yorker 16 May 86/3 Once, playing the Truth Game with Tennessee Williams, she confessed, ‘I'm fifty four.’

truth machine n. = lie-detector n. at lie n.¹ Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1919 Sunset Aug. 68/1 Doc Bowers' Truth Machine was fulfilling its sole function, which was to demonstrate that the subject's blood pressure was above normal.

1964 Delaware County (Pa.) Daily Times 8 Apr. 6/1 The truth about the truth-machine is that it is as good as—but only as good as—the judgment and interpretation of its operator.

2011 M. S. Sweeney Brainworks 119/1 If such differences could indeed be demonstrated, a PET scan would function as a truth machine.

truth preserving adj. (a) (in the context of art, literature, etc.) faithful to the reality of what is being represented (cf. sense A. 12a); (b) Logic (of an argument, rule of inference, etc.) resulting in a conclusion which is true whenever the statements from which it is inferred are true.

ΚΠ

1841 Graham's Mag. Apr. 204/1 Others are equally caricatures, but of so vivid and truth-preserving an exaggeration, that we admire without scruple.

1913 Special Exhib. Catal. City Art Mus. St. Louis No. 12. 9 Of American painters who have sought in frontier life..themes for their art, Mr. Berninghaus can but be named among the more capable, direct and truth-preserving.

1947 H. Reichenbach Elem. Symbolic Logic iv. §33.178 The truth-preserving property of derivational processes.

2007 M. H. Salmon Logic & Crit. Thinking (ed. 5) iii. 90 Inductive arguments lack the definitive and the most valuable feature of deductive arguments—they are not truth preserving.

truth serum n. a psychoactive drug administered (typically intravenously) to a person with the intention of making him or her tell the truth, esp. in a criminal investigation; cf. truth drug n.In quot. 1913: a notional serum with which a liar may be inoculated so that he or she will tell the truth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > other types of intoxicating drug

truth serum1913

truth drug1922

whoonga2010

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > truthfulness, veracity > [noun] > substance

truth serum1913

truth drug1922

soap1975

1913 New Eng. Med. Gaz. Apr. 200 We must ‘treat him as we would any other pathological condition’; vaccinate him with a little truth serum.

1922 N.Y. Times 15 Feb. 6/2 (headline) Says ‘Truth Serum’ worked on convicts.

1977 J. Crosby Company of Friends vi. 43 Acetol is the strongest truth serum there is. Do you remember talking, talking, talking?

2001 E. Colfer Artemis Fowl v. 121 That's where we administered the sodium pentathol. Commonly known as truth serum. You sang like a bird.

truth set n. Logic (a) a set of statements that are components of a given complex statement and are true for a particular assignment of truth values to all the atomic statements under consideration; (b) the set of values which make a proposition or set of propositions true whenever its variables take those values.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical truth > [noun] > other terms relating to

material equivalence1892

truth set1940

necessity operator1953

1940 W. V. Quine Math. Logic i. 53 A truth set S of ϕ will include..anywhere from all to none of the ultimate truth-functional components..of ϕ.

1950 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 36 453 Many problems on the truth set Tr of a system have been treated carefully by A. Tarski.

2011 K. H. Rosen Discrete Math. (ed. 7) ii. 125 We see that the truth set of P is the set {−1,1}.

truth squad n. North American Politics (in a political party) a group of people assigned the task of questioning the truth of statements made by members of an opposing party.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > [noun] > party machine > truth squad

truth squad1952

1952 N.Y. Times 2 Oct. 25/1 (headline) ‘Truth Squad’ hits President's trail.

1980 Washington Star 31 Oct. b1/1 GOP leaders formed what they called a ‘truth squad’ to campaign this week because they said Democrats have avoided the issues.

1998 P. L. Gianos Politics & Politicians in Amer. Film v. 127 He moves easily across the world's stage, a one-man truth squad.

2008 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 3 Oct. c12 A truth squad..dangerously blurs the lines between the personal beliefs and professional obligations of elected officials.

truth table n. Logic a table listing the truth or falsity of a statement for each of the different combination of truth values that can be assigned to its constituent statements; (Electronics and Computing) such a representation used to represent how a logic circuit responds to different combinations of inputs.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > [noun] > logic > truth-table

truth table1920

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical truth > [noun] > truth value > terms relating to

matrix1914

truth table1920

principle of bivalence1951

constative1955

1920 Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 26 437 Mr. Post considers the systems of truth tables that can be generated by combining arbitrary primitive truth tables.

1962 J. H. Simpson & R. S. Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors xvi. 401 The above results may be most easily summarized for two transistors with two inputs A and B in the form of so-called truth tables.

1995 PC Mag. 16 May 253/2 Do it for all eight possible combinations of input values and you'll generate the truth table entirely on your own.

2009 E. Gossett Discrete Math. with Proof (ed. 2) ii. 39 The truth tables for and and not agree with popular usage of the terms.

truth value n. [after German Wahrheitswert (1891 as †Wahrheitswerth in a work by G. Frege)] Logic a value assigned to or associated with a statement that signifies its truth, its, falsity, or (in some forms of logic) the degree to which it is true.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [noun]

soothc950

soothOE

rightOE

soothnessc1275

soothness1297

soothshipc1320

soothhead1340

very1382

trotha1387

trutha1391

verity1422

veriment1528

true?1531

trueness1559

veriness1574

reality1604

veracity1664

veridicalness1727

the fact of the matter1808

truthfulness1835

actualité1840

the straight1866

satya1879

straight goods1892

veridicalitya1901

truth value1903

dinky1941

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical truth > [noun] > truth value

truth value1903

1903 B. Russell Princ. Math. 502 There are, we are told.., three elements in judgment: (1) the recognition of truth, (2) the Gedanke, (3) the truth-value (Wahrheitswerth).

1951 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 16 1 We shall use a logic with truth values ranging over all the real numbers x such that 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. 1 will be ‘complete truth’ and 0 will be ‘complete falsity’.

2013 D. W. Agler Sybolic Logic ii. 26 The truth value of the complex proposition is entirely determined by the truth values of the propositions that compose it.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	truth
释义	truthn.adv.int. Brit. /truːθ/, U.S. /truθ/ Forms: α. early Old English triewþ, Old English treofþ (rare), Old English treowþ, Old English treowð, Old English triowþ (rare), Old English tryfþ (rare), Old English trywþ (rare), Old English–early Middle English trywð, late Old English trioð, early Middle English treoth, early Middle English treoðe, early Middle English treouðe, early Middle English treowðe, early Middle English treuweþe, early Middle English treweiðe, early Middle English trewðe, Middle English threwthe, Middle English treoþe, Middle English treouþe, Middle English treowþe, Middle English treth, Middle English trethe, Middle English treut, Middle English treuþ, Middle English treuþe, Middle English treweþe, Middle English trewghe, Middle English trewht, Middle English trewte, Middle English trewtheh, Middle English trewþ, Middle English trewþe, Middle English triewth, Middle English triwþe, Middle English tryuþe, Middle English turth, Middle English þreuth, Middle English–1500s treweth, Middle English–1500s trewethe, Middle English–1500s trewith, Middle English–1500s trewthe, Middle English–1500s trewyth, Middle English–1600s treuth, Middle English–1600s treuthe, Middle English–1600s (1800s– English regional) trewth, 1500s treueth, 1500s treugth, 1500s treweh, 1500s trewythe, 1500s troeuth; Scottish pre-1700 threuchis (plural), pre-1700 threucht, pre-1700 threuth, pre-1700 threwcht, pre-1700 threwicht, pre-1700 threwitht, pre-1700 threwtht, pre-1700 treuche, pre-1700 treucht, pre-1700 treughe, pre-1700 treuith, pre-1700 treuitht, pre-1700 treuthe, pre-1700 treutht, pre-1700 trewcht, pre-1700 trewetht, pre-1700 trewght, pre-1700 trewht, pre-1700 trewicht, pre-1700 trewith, pre-1700 trewithe, pre-1700 trewth, pre-1700 trewthe, pre-1700 trewtht, pre-1700 trewythe, pre-1700 trewytht, pre-1700 (1800s (Orkney)) treuth, 1800s– thrith (chiefly central). β. Middle English truethe, Middle English trueþ, Middle English trueþe, Middle English truhe (transmission error), Middle English trupe (probably transmission error), Middle English truþ, Middle English truþe, Middle English truwth, Middle English truwþ, Middle English truwþe, Middle English truyt, Middle English truyth, Middle English trweth, Middle English trwth, Middle English trwthe, Middle English trwþe, Middle English trwvte, Middle English–1600s truthe, Middle English– truth, 1500s trwethe, 1500s–1600s trueth, 1500s–1600s truith, 1700s thruth; Scottish pre-1700 trueth, pre-1700 truetht, pre-1700 trutht, pre-1700 trutth, pre-1700 1700s– truith, pre-1700 1700s– truth, 1800s trüth (Shetland). Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old High German -triuwida (in gitriuwida trust, loyalty, untriuwida deception, disloyalty, urtriuwida suspicion), Old Icelandic tryggð faithfulness, (in law, especially in plural) sworn loyalty, truce, Old Swedish trygþ faithfulness, sworn loyalty, truce, security, safety (Swedish trygd protection, security), Old Danish trygd faithfulness, sworn loyalty, truce, security (Danish trygd security) < the Germanic base of true adj. + the Germanic base of -th suffix¹. Compare troth n., truce n.Notes on form history. For Middle English forms in -ow- , -ou- , -o- , etc. (corresponding to γ. forms at true adj., n., adv., and int.) see troth n. The β. forms have alternatively been derived from the ablaut variant of the Germanic base of true adj. seen in Old English truwa (also trūa ) faith, good faith, etc. (see truce n.), and truwian trow v.; but as these forms are not attested until the Middle English period, after reflexes of the stem vowels of the two bases (ew and uw ) had merged, this cannot be substantiated. However, the β. forms may have been influenced or reinforced by α. forms at trow v. For full discussion of the form types, see true adj., n., adv., and int. Semantic development. Uses with reference to factual accuracy and veracity (see branches A. III., A. II.), now the core senses of this word, are not attested for Old English trēowþ or its cognates in the Germanic languages, but appear to have developed in the Middle English period after corresponding senses of true adj. (In Old English the usual word in these contexts is sooth n.) Earlier uses of the present word and its cognates to denote loyalty, faithfulness, and pledged commitment between individuals are expressed by troth n., originally simply a phonetic variant, but which became restricted to this semantic field during the early modern period. For further discussion see troth n. (which is attested earlier than truth in senses A. 4 and A. 10). Related nouns in Old English. In Old English a prefixed noun getrēowþ (compare i-treowe adj.) is also attested in the senses ‘faithfulness, loyalty; solemn engagement, covenant, pledge; honesty, integrity; faith, trust’ (earlier in the latter sense: see sense A. 4a). Compare also the related formation trēow (a strong feminine: see truce n.), which is attested very commonly in a similar range of senses in Old English. With use with reference to faith between husband and wife (see sense A. 2b) compare Old English winetrēow pledge of friendship, specifically between husband and wife (compare wine n.²). A. n. I. Loyalty, faithfulness, etc.; cf. troth n. I. 1. The quality or character of being true to a person, principle, cause, etc.; steadfast allegiance; faithfulness, fidelity, loyalty, constancy. In later use only with to. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > faithfulness or trustworthiness > [noun] truthOE trotha1225 truefastnessa1225 trueshipa1225 trueness?c1225 soothnessc1275 faithc1300 good faithc1300 trustc1300 trueheadc1325 traistnessa1340 truthheada1400 faithfulnessc1400 loyaltyc1400 tristiness1408 trustinessc1450 confiance1490 fealty?1515 surety?c1535 loyalness1592 troth-keeping1605 true-heartedness1608 confidence1642 trustworthiness1662 responsibleness1706 dependence1752 reliability1810 trustihood1823 faithworthiness1828 reliableness1841 dependableness1860 dependability1901 society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > faithfulness or trustworthiness > fidelity or loyalty > [noun] truthOE trotha1225 trueness?c1225 fayc1300 hold13.. lewtyc1330 faithfulnessc1400 perseverance?a1439 adherence1449 familiarityc1450 fidelity1509 devotiona1530 adherency1579 reality1616 rightness1625 lealty1861 lealness1882 α. OE Ælfric Let. to Sigeweard (De Veteri et Novo Test.) (Laud) 16 Heora gemynd þurhwunað..for heora anrædnisse & heora trywðe wið God. lOE King Ælfred tr. St. Augustine Soliloquies (Vitell.) (1922) i. 19 Ic wilnode þæt ic cuðe hys ingeþance of minum ingeþance; ðonne wiste ic hwilce treowða he hæfde wið me. a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 103 Ðe michele merhþe of heuene riche..he ðe haueð iȝarked æurema to habben for ðare gode trewðe ðe ðu him bere. c1300 St. Katherine (Laud) 203 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 98 (MED) Bi þe treuþe þat i schal to Mahon, heo ne schullen so non-more! 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 274 I knaw he will do mekill for his kyne. Gentrys ande trewtht ay restis him within. a1500 (?c1370) G. Chaucer Complaynt d'Amours (Harl. 7333) (1933) l. 7 I..Beginne..my deedly compleininge On hir..Which hath on me no mercy ne no rewthe That love hir best, but sleeth me for my trewthe. c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xxvi. 33 Thay wald be rewit, and hes no rewth;..Thay wald be trowit, and hes no trewth. β. c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Harl.) l. 90 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 495 He com To þe ymage of oure Leuedi..And forhet bifore hire truliche womannes mone And wiþ truþe holde al his lyf clanliche to hire one.a1400 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 54 Hallas! men planys of litel trwthe; hit ys dede and tat is rwthe.a1475 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 128 Truthe ys turnyd to trechery; ffor now þe bysom ledys þe blynde.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 283/2 Truthe, uerite, loialte.1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 729 The king had alwayes knowne hys truth and fidelitie towarde the crowne of Fraunce.a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 107 Briefely dye their ioyes, That place them on the truth of Gyrles, and Boyes. View more context for this quotation1719 Free-thinker No. 134. 2 Lucius..preserving still his Truth to Marcia.1816 S. T. Coleridge Christabel ii. 32 Alas! they had been friends in youth; But whispering tongues can poison truth.1848 C. Dickens Dombey & Son l. 502 To..be assured of his truth to her in her distress.1887 Harper's Mag. Jan. 324/1 In his first essay in the field of fiction he turns out an actualist, whose first wish seems to be truth to his facts and the meaning of them.1988 Mod. Painters Autumn 14/2 The creed of ‘truth to materials’ was kept by Moore in the early carvings where the block and the stone quality were the governors of the forms.2008 New Yorker 24 Mar. 82/2 The eighteenth century's fictive history..is the history of private life; the history of what passes in a man's own mind; truth to the Book of Nature; and written in plain, simple style. 2. a. (One's) faith or loyalty as pledged in a solemn agreement or undertaking; a firm promise, an engagement, a covenant; = troth n. 3. rare (archaic and poetic) after Middle English.With to plight (one's) truth compare to plight one's troth at troth n. and adv. Phrases 1.In quot. OE at α. in plural in same sense. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > pledge or assurance > (good) faith truthOE sure-hold1622 α. OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) vi. 5 Ic gemunde minra treowða [L. pacti mei] þe ic Abrame behet. ?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 Hi hadden him manred maked & athes suoren, ac hi nan treuthe ne heolden; alle he wæron forsworen & here treothes forloren. a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 5 Þer after of þat ilke weren treowðes [?c1225 Cleo. trouððen, a1400 Pepys treuþes] tobroken of hehe patriaches. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5302 Heo sworen..& treoðen heo plihten [c1300 Otho treuþe him plihte]. c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) l. 311 ‘Selpe me gode.’..Eiþer oþer his trewþe pliȝte, Vppon morwen for to fiȝte. c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. l. 877 My trewthe I layd, To do al as thow hast sayd. a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1846) I. 183 To the end, that under treuth thei mycht eyther gett the Castell betrayed, or elles some principall men..tackin at unwarres. β. c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 396 His manrede þu schalt fonge, And his truþe of his honde.c1410 tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 125 Duke Robert..i-called alle his gentiles..to swere truþe and feaute to William his sone. J. Metham Amoryus & Cleopes (1916) l. 1121 To serue yow be-ffore alle odyr my trwth I plyght. 1806 R. Jamieson Pop. Ballads II. 120 I'll give thee the truth of my right hand, The truth of it I'll freely gie.1874 A. C. Swinburne Bothwell iii. vi. 292 They and each man there met of them should plight His honour, truth, and heart's fidelity To advance this marriage.1900 R. C. Dutt tr. Ramayana iv. iv. 72 I have plighted truth and promise and my word may not unsay, Fourteen years in pathless forests father's mandate I obey.a1942 J. S. Neilson Poems (1965) 168 Kind, in a surly way, Somewhat rough-spoken; Truth to his fellow-men Keeping unbroken. †b. spec. In reference to marriage or (occasionally in early use) betrothal. Obsolete. rare (chiefly poetic) after 16th cent. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > betrothal > [noun] truthc1300 betrothingc1315 truthingc1350 espousala1393 troth-plighta1393 desponsationa1400 troth-plightingc1400 ensurance1469 fiançailles1477 handfasting1483 assurancea1513 assuring1530 suring1530 contract1551 insurancea1556 trothing1565 despousage1570 betrothment1585 contracting1585 affiancing1596 spousage1596 espousage1599 handfasta1616 desponsories1645 hand-fastening1662 disposories1668 contraction1702 engagement1811 plightage1819 betrothal1844 heart-bond1887 introduction1965 kwanjula1973 c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 305 Þu schalt þi trewþe pliȝte On myn hond her riȝte Me to spuse holde, & ihc þe lord to wolde. c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) l. 674 ‘Ischal me make þinowe..& þarto mi treuþe iþe pliȝte.’ Muchel was þe ruþe Þat was at þare truþe. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vi. xiii. 308 In þe contract of weddinge he pliȝtiþ his treuthe, and oblegiþ himsilf to lede his lif wiþ his wif wiþoute departinge. J. Metham Amoryus & Cleopes (1916) l. 1121 (MED) My lady souereyn..Euery owre bothe day [and] nyght, To serue yow be-ffore all odyr my trwth I plyght. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 37 ‘Ȝif me þi truthe..that I shal not this vij. ȝere haue no wife but þe..’. The maide saide, she wold consent; and þer they pliȝt hire truthe. a1525 Talis Fyve Bestes l. 165 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 132 And scho agane till him hire treuth plicht To luf him best of ony erdly wicht. 1556 in Carte Monalium de Northberwic (1847) 72 I Robert Lawder tak ȝow Jane..to my spousit vyf..and therto I plycht ȝow my trewht. 1784 H. Cowley Bold Stroke for Husband (London ed.) Epil. 87 To one dear youth I plight my truth, And that's the youth I'll marry. 1825 C. M. Sedgwick Travellers 115 He confessed that he had already plighted his truth to Sally Wilton; and he declared that he never would marry any body but Sally Wilton. a1927 C. Mair Dreamland (1974) 89 My love with me Will..take the amber floods Of sunset, or the silence of the sea To witness our firm oaths and plighted truth. 3. In early use: honesty, uprightness, righteousness, virtue, integrity. Later: (more narrowly) disposition to speak or act truthfully or without deceit; truthfulness, veracity; sincerity. Now rare. †to do truth: to behave uprightly, to show righteousness (obsolete).In quot. eOE in plural in same sense. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > truthfulness, veracity > [noun] soothfastnessc825 trutha1450 fidelity1534 verity1565 veracity1623 truthfulness1647 veritableness1664 veridicalness1727 tell-truth1744 truthiness1832 veraciousness1860 veridicalitya1901 veridicity1937 eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) v. ii. 115 Þær dydon [þeah] Romane lytla triewþa [L. in hoc solo Romanis circa eum fortiter agentibus] þæt him þa wæron laðe & unweorþe þe hiera hlaford beswican. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4896 Þine þeowes beoð gode, þu hauest mucle treow-scipe, treowðe staðeluæste. 1372 in E. Wilson Descriptive Index Lyrics John of Grimestone's Preaching Bk. (1973) 14 (MED) Manie ȝeres ben iwent Siþen treuthe outȝ of londe is lent. c1390 R. Maidstone Paraphr. Seven Penitential Psalms (Vernon) in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 16 (MED) Þenne schaltou sacrifice accepte Of rihtfulnesse [&] truþe entere [L. tunc acceptabis sacrificium iustitiae]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13891 Þat neuer leigh, ne neuer sale, For wijt and treuth he has ai hale. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xi. l. 153 Wel ouȝte ȝe lordes, þat lawes kepe þis lessoun to haue in mynde, And on Troianus treuth to thenke and do treuthe to þe peple. a1450 (?c1350) Pride of Life l. 330 in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 100 (MED) Dred of God is al ago And treut is go to ground. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 160 Fredome returnis in wrechitnes And trewth returnis in dowbilnes. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cxviii. [cxix.] 30 I haue chosen the waye of treuth. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 775 [They] lacked eyther wit or truth. 1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. F^v Loue is all truth, lust full of forged lies. View more context for this quotation 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 211 Malice beares downe truth . View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) Psalms li. 6 Thou desirest trueth in the inward parts. View more context for this quotation a1657 W. Mure Sonnet in Wks. (1898) I. 46 Extold by treuth of thy most loyall word. 1680 Bp. G. Burnet Some Passages Life Rochester (1692) 55 Truth is a Rational Natures acting in conformity to itself in all things. 1751 T. Gray Elegy xviii. 8 The struggling pangs of conscious truth to hide. 1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 20 Do you doubt my truth? 1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xx. 43 ‘La, there an't any such thing as truth in that limb,’ said Rosa, looking indignantly at Topsy. 1903 H. James Ambassadors ii. iv. 50 He blushed for her realism, but gaped at her truth. 1978 J. H. Reilly J. Giraudoux iv. 109 Her relentless pursuit of justice, her absolute truth. †4. a. Faith, trust, confidence. Cf. troth n. 1a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > [noun] levec950 beliefc1175 trothc1175 trutha1200 fayc1315 believingc1384 faithc1384 trowa1400 the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > [noun] ylevec888 levec950 hopec1000 trothc1175 trusta1200 trutha1200 tristc1200 beliefa1225 tresta1300 traistinga1340 traistnessa1340 fiance1340 affiancec1350 affyc1380 tristening1382 credencea1393 faitha1393 levenessc1400 confidencec1430 credulity?a1439 trustingc1450 confiance1490 credit1533 fiduce1582 confidency1606 confidingness1682 OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) xxii. 369 Hwam sceal ic gelyfan æfter me, oððe æt hwam sceal ic getreowða habban þa ic mine forleas?] a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 165 Nis nower non trewðe, for nis þe gist siker of þe husebonde ne noðer of oðer..Ne þe aldefader of hi[s] oðem..Selde leueð þe broðer þat oðer..Ðe sune wussheð þe fader deað, ar his dai cume. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13618 To þissen twam eorlen; þa ohte cnihtes weoren. hafden Arður treouðe; þe eorles weoren treowe. c1300 St. Mary Magdalen (Laud) 225 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 468 Þat he biddez him with treouþe, he it grauntez him ful sone. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14072 Þi mikel treuth Has þe saued. 1458 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 216 (MED) I make myn executours my moder..and Conand Barton for ye grett treuth and affiance yat I have in yame. a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (1998) I. l. 3164 Children þat shal come of þe, In God of heue[n] her truþe shal be And her children ȝit also. c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 121 The said Mr. James [Balfour] haid treatourouslie dissauit our souerane lady and the said erle Bothwill, quha gaif him sic faith and trewth as to mak him capitane thairof. b. Belief; (as a count noun) a statement of belief, a creed. Cf. troth n. 1b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > creed > [noun] credoeOE trothc1175 creance1393 trutha1400 symbol1490 confession1536 judgement1609 persuasion1623 creed1676 Shemaa1699 shahāda1885 creditability1886 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 4246 Putyfar..held ioseph in mensk and lare Al þou þair treuthes sundri ware. a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (1998) I. l. 3159 Þe truþe..was here bifore Of false mawmetis. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 10 The hard hertis, and vntrewe treuth of the paganis. a1513 W. Dunbar Tabill of Confessioun in Poems (1998) I. 269 The twelf artickillis of the treuth: a god to trow..And in his only sone, blissit Iesu. II. Something that conforms with fact or reality. 5. a. True statement; report or account which is in accordance with fact or reality. Chiefly in to tell (also speak, say) the truth (also (now archaic) without the): to speak truly, to report the matter as it really is; see also say v.¹ and int. Phrases 3, speak v. 10, tell v. 10a.Not always distinguishable from sense A. 7a. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > assuredly, indeed soothlyc825 forsoothc888 wiselyc888 sooth to sayOE i-wislichec1000 to (‥) soothOE iwis?c1160 certesa1250 without missa1275 i-witterlic1275 trulyc1275 aplight1297 certc1300 in (good) fayc1300 verily1303 certain1330 in truthc1330 to tell (also speak, say) the truthc1330 certainlya1375 faithlya1375 in faitha1375 surelya1375 in sooth1390 in trothc1390 in good faitha1393 to witc1400 faithfullyc1405 soothly to sayc1405 all righta1413 sad?a1425 in certc1440 wella1470 truec1480 to say (the) truth1484 of a truth1494 of (a) trotha1500 for a truth?1532 in (of) verity1533 of verityc1550 really1561 for, in, or into very?1565 indeed1583 really and truly1600 indeed and indeed1673 right enough1761 deed1816 just1838 of a verity1850 sho1893 though1905 verdad1928 sholy1929 ja-nee1937 only1975 deffo1996 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > truthfulness, veracity > [noun] > true statement, correct account, truth soothquidec888 soothsawc950 soothOE righteousnessa1225 certainty1330 truthc1330 trotha1387 verity1533 tell-truth?1556 oracle1569 true1581 round O1605 fact1779 veracity1852 veritability1864 α. c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 445 Ich ȝou sigge riȝt treuþe Non of oþer hadde reuþe. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2024 To seie þe treuþe, sche told me a-noþer tale. ?a1425 (a1400) Brut (Corpus Cambr.) 330 (MED) Þis same Piers told & publissed þe trewþe. c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 152 Þerfore, levyth ȝoure lesynges, & spekyth trewthe! c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 38 Yf ye wilne for to witte how hit worth shulde I shall telle you the trewth. ?1700 P. Anderson Copie Barons Court 5 I pray Sir tell the Treuth? β. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1629 Þei þat seie it forsoþe saiden þe truþe.c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 17 (MED) My sustres haue tolde ȝow glosyng wordes; but for-soþe y shal tel ȝow trueþ.c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 132 (MED) Þi felawe hath seyde to me þe verray truthe..ȝif þou dyscorde fro hym, þou schalt be deed.a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 53 They that glosen the..dysseyuen the, and they that tellen the þe truthe..they louen the.1576 G. Gascoigne Complaynt of Phylomene in Steele Glas sig. N.iij Truth is truth, and muste be tolde.1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 632 A man, to say truth wel skilled in antiquities.a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. i. 142 The truth you speake doth lacke some gentlenesse, And time to speake it in. View more context for this quotation1728 T. Sheridan tr. Persius Satyrs i. 15 Prithy tell me the Truth.1735 Visct. Bolingbroke Diss. upon Parties (ed. 2) Ded. p. xviii Truth may sometimes offend.1869 J. R. Lowell Lett. (1894) II. 42 Tell us the truth as much as you like,..but tell it in a friendly way.1888 ‘J. S. Winter’ Bootle's Children viii. 57 Tell me the whole truth at once.1939 Street & Smith's Western Story Mag. 23 Sept. 63/2 In that cabin, if Pedro Martinez had spoken the truth, lay a wounded, badly wanted desperado.1950 A. Buckeridge Jennings goes to School xii. 240 Virtuously he decided to tell the truth.2004 N. Minhas Passion & Poppadoms xxxiv. 452 Will you please tell the truth for once, Tom. b. As a count noun: a true statement or proposition.Not always distinguishable from sense A. 7b. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [noun] > truth known by observation, fact truth1395 feata1400 fact1542 fact?1560 vidimus1610 unquestionable1661 fax1837 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [noun] > reality truth1395 realty1440 reality1545 veriness1574 realness1612 fidelity1708 authenticity1839 intuitiveness1841 society > faith > aspects of faith > doctrine > [noun] > instance truth1395 faithc1400 dogma1534 doctrinals1619 tendry1624 faith-mark1652 dogmatism1664 thought mode1939 12 Concl. Lollards (Trin. Hall Cambr.) in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1907) 22 295 (MED) We..denuncyn to þe lordis and þe comunys of þe parlement certeyn conclusionis and treuthis for þe reformaciun of holi chirche of Yngelond. c1400 Prose Versions New Test.: Prol. (Selwyn) (1904) 7 (MED) Ne þou ne schuldest noȝt spare..to tellen us a trewþe to brynge us out of meschef of þe deþ of oure soule. a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) i. 155 (MED) Ȝif a man seye a trewþe whiche trewþe he wenyth be fals, ȝif he seye it for to deseyuyn his euene cristene, in þat he lyhit. 1569 T. Blague Schole of Wise Conceytes 179 He that vseth lying, though he chaunce once to tell a truthe, shall not soone be credited. 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. xxvi. 160 Hauing heard and vnderstoode Daniel hee knewe that hee spake a trueth. 1654 F. G. tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Artamenes II. iv. 263 Though she spoke some truths, yet..she was no more believed than if they had beene all Lyes. 1678 W. D. tr. F. de La Mothe Le Vayer Notitia Historicorum Selectorum 242 We had been more fully satisfied herein, if that Freind of Aldus..had said a truth. 1744 W. Guthrie tr. Cicero Academical Treat. ii, in tr. Cicero Morals 393 Supposing you should be speaking a Truth, and say that it is a Lye. 1761 Monthly Rev. Apr. 269 The Writer has..uttered some truths, which it is needless for us to point out. 1837 Fraser's Mag. May 643/2 You have the merit of telling a truth which not one in fifty will believe. 1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond III. iii. 89 Mr. Esmond..told a truth, which was nevertheless an entire falsehood. 1942 K. A. Porter Let. 6 Feb. (1990) iv. 227 He shouted and threw the first thing he could lay hands on, and spoke outright some scalding and awful truths. 2006 A. Diggs Denzel's Lips vi. 28 A child had opened its mouth and spoken a truth that she needed to hear. c. Understanding of nature or reality; the totality of what is known to be true; knowledge. Cf. sense A. 6. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > [noun] > what is true knowledgea1398 science1574 common knowledge1578 sapience1606 truth1644 1644 J. Milton Of Educ. 1 Assertions, the knowledge and the use of which, cannot but be a great furtherance..to the enlargement of truth. a1768 J. Spence Anecd., Observ. & Characters Bks. & Men (1820) i. 54 The great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me. 1843 J. R. Lowell Glance behind Curtain in Poems (1844) 176 Men..Made wiser by the steady growth of truth. 1914 J. A. Widtsoe Princ. Irrigation Pract. xxi. 456 New and increasing truth rendered easier the work of man. 2005 T. Teo Critique Psychol. i. 8 Foucault did not reconstruct the development of truth but what was considered true at a given point of time in the human sciences. d. Also with capital initial. A game in which each participant, in turn, has to answer truthfully a question put to him or her by one of the other players or, in later versions of the game (typically named after the various options available to players, e.g. truth, dare, and promise), fulfil an alternative requirement. See also truth or dare at Phrases 3d, truth game n. at Compounds 4. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > parlour and party games > [noun] > question and answer games purposec1380 questions and commands1628 cross-purposes1666 cross-questions and crooked answers1742 Yes and No1843 truth1868 clumps1883 truth game1908 1868 L. M. Alcott Little Women I. xii. 191 Do you know ‘Truth’?.. The person who draws at the number has to answer truly any questions put by the rest. 1928 Sat. Evening Post (U.S.) 29 Sept. 7/1 The ancient game of truth had begun. ‘What's your favorite color, Bill?’ 1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren xviii. 377 In ‘Truth, Dare, and Promise’ each player has to agree either to tell the truth, accept a dare, or promise to do as he is told. 1970 Times 8 July 2/7 On one occasion she said, Carole Hanson..stripped to her panties during a game of ‘truth, dare and promise’. 2006 Courier Mail (Austral.) (Nexis) 6 Apr. 8 A game of truth and consequences reveals a serial killer is on the prowl. 6. a. In general or abstract sense: that which is true, real, or actual; reality; spec. (in religious use) spiritual reality as the subject of revelation or object of faith (often not distinguishable from sense A. 8). Often in figurative contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] truthc1330 acta1398 in existencea1425 realty1440 veritya1634 reality1647 actualness1668 actuality1675 thinghood1845 factual1855 out there1955 c1330 Simonie (Auch.) (1991) l. 448 Þise prelatz..weren ablent wid coueytise and mihte noht se þe treuþe For mist. Þeih dradden more here lond to lese þan loue of Ihesu Crist. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xiv. 6 I am weye, treuthe [L. veritas], and lyf. a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 13 Crist is a corner stoon, and groundiþ al treuþe. ?a1500 (?1458) in J. H. Parker Some Acct. Domest. Archit. (1859) III. ii. 44 (MED) Now God geve us grace to folowe treuthe even, That we may have a place in the blysse of Heven. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxxj The trewth, will, and commaundement of the heauenly father must be accomplished. 1567 T. Palfreyman Baldwin's Treat. Morall Philos. (new ed.) ix. iv. f. 200^v Forasmuche as god is the truthe, & y^t truth is god, he y^t departeth from y^e one, departeth from thother. 1641 J. Gauden Love of Truth 7 Then doth the ray or veyn of truth flow aright from God to us. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. v. 18 In knowledge there is no slender difficulty,..truth..wise men say doth lye in a well. View more context for this quotation 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. i. ii. 11 A Ray of Truth may enlighten the whole world and extend to future ages. 1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers xx. 277 The light of truth..fills my mind. 1820 J. Keats Ode on Grecian Urn in Lamia & Other Poems 116 Beauty is truth, truth beauty. 1895 Contemp. Rev. Mar. 346 Truth is perceived by flashes. 1955 S. Spender Coll. Poems 1928–53 102 His final moment was the birth Of naked revelatory truth. 1974 M. Tippett Moving into Aquarius 18 Truth is some sort of absolute. 2007 P. J. J. Phillips Challenge of Relativism (2011) ii. 43 Truth can, in principle, be discovered under the realist theory. b. This concept personified; (in later use sometimes) spec. the goddess of truth in ancient Egyptian mythology. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [noun] > personified soothnessc1275 truthc1390 the world > the supernatural > deity > other deities > [noun] > Egyptian ox-god1610 Hathor1786 truth1841 Horus1851 c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. i. l. 12 Þis Tour and þis Toft..treuþe is þer-Inne,..he is Fader of Fei, þat formed ow alle. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. B.15.17) (1975) B. xii. l. 287 (MED) Truþe..trespased neuere ne trauersed ayeins his lawe, But lyueþ as his lawe techeþ. a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) 1 (MED) Þe iiij dowterys schul be clad in mentelys, Mercy in wyth, rythwysnesse in red altogedyr, Trewthe in sad grene, and Pes al in blake. a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 3522 (MED) If ȝe, Ryth and Truthe, schuld haue ȝour wylle, I, Pes, and Mercy schuld euere haue trauest. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 172 Falsate with the lordis dois rovn, And Trewthe standis barrit at the dure. 1594 T. Nashe Terrors of Night sig. Giv^v Since Truth is euer drawne and painted naked, and I haue lent her but a leathren patcht cloake at most to keepe her from the cold. 1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 35 So Truth be in the field, we do injuriously by licencing and prohibiting to misdoubt her strength. Let her and Falshood grapple. 1652 R. Loveday tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède Hymen's Præludia: 1st Pt. To Rdr. sig. A3^v Here is..Truth drest like a May-Lady, who through the gay disguise of her flowry ornaments, does often show her owne simplicity. 1742 E. Young Complaint v. 333 Truth, radiant goddess!..shews the real estimate of things; Which no man, unafflicted, ever saw. 1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) I. xx. 331 Truth will continue to have her worshippers; and it may be presumed that they will..survive the advocates of Falsehood. 1841 J. G. Wilkinson Manners & Customs Anc. Egyptians 2nd Ser. II. xv. 275 The sacred beetle of the Sun, overshadowed by the wings of two figures of the Goddess Thmei or Truth. 1912 J. H. Breasted Devel. Relig. & Thought Anc. Egypt viii. 305 We..find standing at the entrance the goddess ‘Truth, daughter of Re’. 1994 L. R. Furst in G. Gillespie Romantic Drama i. 3 On the new curtain at the German National Theater in Hamburg in 1773 the figure of Shakespeare was prominently featured, seated at the foot of the goddess Truth. 7. a. With the. The fact or facts; the actual state of the case; the matter, situation, or circumstance as it really is. Cf. sense A. 5a. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [noun] > true facts or circumstances the soothc897 rightOE trutha1382 the feat ofa1400 verity1422 the whole story1565 fact1578 the right way (also regionally gate) (of)a1628 bottom fact1864 where it's (he's, she's) at1903 inside1904 dinkum1916 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) Judges xvi. 17 Openynge þe trewþe [L. veritatem] of þe thyng: he seide to hir, ‘Iren neuer wente vp on my heuyd: for þe Naȝare..I am.’ c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 373 (MED) Pelleus so ferforthe gan enquere, Þat he knewe holly how þe treuthe was. c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) l. 275 Of þat þou senteste, sire king, to say þe truþe Of al þe lore of our lif..have us exkused, For we ne konne þe nouht kenne our costomus alle. c1475 Mankind (1969) l. 838 (MED) The prowerbe seyth ‘Þe trewth tryith þe sylfe’. ?1537 R. Benese Measurynge Lande sig. Xiv They make the square therof muche lesse than the truthe. 1575 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1882) IV. 41 We beseik your wisdomes to beir leill witnes off the trewithe. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iv. xv. 124 She sent you word she was dead: But fearing since how it might worke, hath sent Me to proclaime the truth . View more context for this quotation 1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 52 The said Commissioners are to report to this Board the Truth of the Fact. 1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. ii. 202 We judge the Distances to be less than the Truth. a1783 H. Brooke Poet. Wks. (1792) II. 38 That the truth, and matter of fact, upon enquiry and reflection, will be found exactly and literally as I have represented it. 1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 67 Ye see I do not mince the truth for ye. 1887 Weekly Times 25 Feb. 8/1 His primary object is to search out the truth. 1908 R. Bagot Anthony Cuthbert xxvii. 362 If he does not know, he more than suspects the truth. 1988 I. Colegate Deceits of Time (1990) 26 We all admire the way he thinks the best of people... But you are presumably after the truth. 2006 P. Williams Rise & Fall Yummy Mummy lxii. 275 ‘There was nothing going on.’ The lie hurts. But I can't explain the truth. b. A fixed or established principle, an axiom; a verified fact. Sometimes coloured by sense A. 6a. Cf. sense A. 5b, for a truth at Phrases 1b, of a truth at Phrases 1d.home truth: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > self-evident truth, axiom > [noun] truth1500 maxim?1530 head assertion1531 maximum1563 maxima1564 axiom1578 self-evident1675 truism1714 postulate1751 1500 T. Betson Ryght Profytable Treatyse sig. ciij Note this for a truth, y^t preuy talkyng lacketh no suspycyon. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 25 I finde it nowe for a setled truth,..that the Purple dye will neuer staine, that the pure Cyuet will neuer loose his sauour, [etc.]. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. xii. 210 That women are menstruant, and men pubescent, at the year of twice seven, is accounted a punctual truth . View more context for this quotation 1695 T. Tryon New Method educating Children 15 It is a great Truth,..That the Females are naturally as fit for, and capable of all excellent Learning, as Men. 1741 J. Martyn tr. Virgil Georgicks iii. 273 (note) Varro affirms it as a certain truth, that about Lisbon some mares conceive by the wind, at a certain season. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxvi. 562 (note) Dicæarchus, the Peripatetic, composed a formal treatise, to prove this obvious truth. 1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice I. i. 1 It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. View more context for this quotation 1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table iii. 56 Leave your friend to learn unpleasant truths from his enemies. 1876 G. MacDonald Thomas Wingfold I. xiii. 110 Something at the root of all facts—namely, truths, or eternal laws of being. a1925 H. T. Lane Talks to Parents & Teachers (1928) 166 Jason was in evident distress, having unconsciously learned a great truth, that there is no fun in destroying things if you are allowed to do it. 2011 Vanity Fair Sept. 222/2 An intelligence agency secretly provides information to a group of private-sector hackers so that truths too sensitive for the government to tell will nevertheless come out. †c. That which is real or genuine, as distinguished from an imitation; the genuine article. Obsolete.In quot. 1655 (in theological context): Christ considered as the antitype (antitype n. 1) of a type (type n. 1a) depicted in the Old Testament. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] > the reality as opposed to what is apparent bodyc1384 truth1531 substance1533 person1548 effect1592 hypostasis1605 reality1620 reala1637 essence1646 hypostase1867 1531 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 20 Item, for romaney buge to lyne the samyn goune, all truth..xiij li. ix s. 1655 W. Gouge & T. Gouge Learned Comm. Hebrewes (ix. 23) ii. 390 His body was the truth of the Tabernacle:..His mediation the truth of the incense:..He the truth of most types. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth V. 270 [The parrot's] voice..is more like a man's than that of any other [bird]; the raven is too hoarse, and the jay and magpie too shrill, to resemble the truth. †d. The intrinsic nature of something. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun] > true nature truth1552 1552 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16280.5) Administr. Lordes Supper (Declar. on Kneeling) sig. O.i^v It is against the truthe of Christes true naturall body, to be in mo places then in one, at one tyme. 8. a. True religious belief or doctrine; orthodoxy. Often with the, denoting a particular form of belief or teaching held to be true. Cf. sense A. 6.Common in the usage of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers); see quots. 1662, 1710, 1903.gospel-truth: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > orthodoxy > [noun] the faithc1384 truthc1384 soundness1583 orthodoxy1630 orthodoxness1644 orthodoxism1645 orthodoxalness1654 orthodoxality1660 symmetricalness1684 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Tim. iv. 4 Thei schulen turne awey the heeringe fro treuthe [L. veritate], but to fablis thei schulen turne to gidere. c1450 Speculum Christiani (Harl. 6580) (1933) 12 (MED) Oure lorde god..that we schulde not be in errour..ȝaue truthe to vs in scriptures, to whych he wolde that we leuede. c1480 (a1400) St. Peter 607 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 24 Twa knychttis..þe quhilk petir..conuertit..and fra thay þe treutht had tane [etc.]. 1556 J. Olde tr. R. Gwalther Antichrist f. 9^v Fauourers of the gospelles truthe. 1562 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 25 I can espy na thing thairin abhorring fra the treuth. 1662 in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1911) 2nd Ser. 144 It is ordered that there be a Collectione this month for the seruis of the truth. 1673 J. Milton Sonnets xv, in Poems (new ed.) 58 Them who kept thy truth so pure of old When all our Fathers worship't Stocks and Stones. 1710 O. Sansom Acct. Life 40 The Friend was declaring the Truth, when the Priest..came in. 1795 J. Macknight New Literal Transl. Apostolical Epist. III. 139 The inspired writers have so often called the gospel revelation, the truth. 1888 Scribner's Mag. June 737/2 The Church became a Living Witness to the Truth. 1903 E. V. Brown Aspects of Quaker Truth 33 If we Quakers are faithful to the truth that is in us it will be found that we have still a message for the present day. 1996 C. J. Stone Fierce Dancing xiii. 197 In 1974 I was a God-head, a seeker after the Truth. b. An instance of this; an article of true religious belief or doctrine. ΚΠ c1400 J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 293 Þe creature þat telliþ hem a truþe in name of god. ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 44 I..haue schewid to þee a truþe and a doctryn wherby þou schalt go to þe moost hiȝeste perfeccioun. ?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 94 Prelatis constreynen men of symple vnderstondyng..to assente to here dampnacion of treuþes of goddis lawe. 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndales Answere i. p. v These truthes had the apostles, the martyrs, the confessours, the holy doctours of Crystis chyrche. 1580 W. Fulke T. Stapleton & Martiall Confuted 17 His Fortress will doe them small pleasure, to establish them for Christian truthes. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 60 The truths of religion are many times above reason, but never against it. 1674 W. Haworth Quaker converted to Christianity Ep. to J. Crooke sig. A2^v At such times as I have Preached Truths against their Opinions. 1721 R. Manning Case stated Church of Rome I. xiii. 73 The Apostles Creed neither expresses, nor was intended to express all necessary Truths of Faith. 1758 S. Hayward Seventeen Serm. i. 3 This is not a fancy,..but is a truth built upon divine testimony. 1836 Brit. Mag. July 1 The truths of religion..were speedily impressed with indelible force upon a mind naturally warm and imaginative. 1883 E. R. Pitman Florence Godfrey's Faith xviii. 112 We..taught the truths of the Bible to our classes. a1912 L. O. Brastow Work of Preacher (1914) ii. 172 A doctrine..is of supreme interest for Christian faith and life. Such a truth is capable of being expressed in terms of rational thought. 2009 K. Armstrong Case for God iv. 97 They would be instructed in the deeper truths of Christianity only after the initiation of baptism. 9. Conduct or actions characteristic of devotion to God and in accordance with true religious belief; piety. Chiefly in to do the truth (formerly also †to do truth): to act or behave righteously and piously. Cf. sense A. 3. Now archaic (in later use chiefly U.S.).Originally and chiefly in and after biblical use (John 3:21, 1 John 1:6). In quot. 2002 after Ephesians 4:15; cf. to truth it in love at truth v. 3a. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > [noun] devotion?c1225 life-holiness?c1225 love-awe?c1225 reverencec1300 Godfrightiheada1325 pity1340 devoutness1377 truthc1384 love-dreada1400 fearc1400 pietya1500 godliness1528 devoteness1606 heavenly-mindedness1612 obedientialness1651 piousness1659 devotionalness1673 unction1692 theopathy1749 devoteeism1828 pietism1829 bhakti1832 devotionality1850 devotionalism1859 pi1897 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John iii. 21 He that doth treuthe [L. veritatem], cometh to the liȝt, that his workis be schewid, for thei ben don in God. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 99 (MED) Of treuþe [Gött. reuth, Fairf. petey], of loue, of charite Was neuer hir make, ne neuer shal be. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) John iii. f. cxxij^v He that doth the trueth [1534 Tyndale, 1560 Geneva doth truth; 1611 King James trueth], commeth to the light. 1589 H. Finch Sacred Doctr. Diuinitie ii. 28 Simplicitie in speaking and doeing the trueth. a1633 T. Pierson Excellent Encouragem. (1647) 5 The rule of Gods word, which is doing the truth. 1698 J. Jackson Friendly Enquirer's Doubts & Objections Answered 7 The Light..unto which, they that do the Truth bring all their works. 1769 T. Dunckerly in W. Calcott Candid Disquis. Princ. & Pract. Masons 142 It is not sufficient that we walk in the light, unless we do the truth. 1855 New Jerusalem Mag. Jan. 323 It is in doing the truth that hearing Moses and the Prophets consists. 1990 G. R. Lewis & B. A. Demarest Integrative Theol. II. iii. 141/1 One attains authentic existence..by concretely doing the truth. 2002 L. T. Johnson & W. S. Kurz Future of Catholic Biblical Scholarship iv. 118 We are called to do the truth in love. III. Conformity with fact, reality, a standard, a pattern, etc. 10. a. Conformity with fact; agreement with reality; accuracy or correctness in a statement, thought, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [noun] soothc950 soothOE rightOE soothnessc1275 soothness1297 soothshipc1320 soothhead1340 very1382 trotha1387 trutha1391 verity1422 veriment1528 true?1531 trueness1559 veriness1574 reality1604 veracity1664 veridicalness1727 the fact of the matter1808 truthfulness1835 actualité1840 the straight1866 satya1879 straight goods1892 veridicalitya1901 truth value1903 dinky1941 α. a1391 J. Clanvow Two Ways (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1975) 69 (MED) Þe worsshipes of þis wrecchide world..been noone worsshipes, ne þei auȝten not with treuth to been cleped worsshipes. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 3437 (MED) Sall no duke in his dayes siche destanye happyn..when trewthe sall be tryede. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Hii^v/2 Trewth, veritas..Vntruth, error. β. Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 96 (MED) In agen bringinge suche freris to the truthe and fredom of the gospel.1485 Croniclis of Englonde (St. Albans) v. sig. n vijj^v For the truth of the gospell is declarid by them.1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory i. i. sig. a3 The truthe of euery proposycyon shall soner and better be knowen.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 422 Tha declair the truth of the Catholick religioune.a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. iv. 116 If there be truth in sight, you are my daughter. View more context for this quotation1628 W. Prynne Briefe Suruay Mr. Cozens 65 I haue here sufficiently euidenced the trueth of this Assertion.1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity Pref., in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) In this case Probability must attone for the want of Truth.1782 E. Pendleton Let. 28 Oct. in Lett. & Papers (1967) II. 415 If there be any truth in the French Minister's Intelligence from Boston, there can be none in a story we have piping hot from Philadelphia.a1829 J. Young Lect. Intell. Philos. (1835) xxxviii. 382 Truth is the agreement of our ideas and words with the nature of things.1891 Manch. Guardian 21 Nov. 5/7 There is a good deal of truth in the saying that what the eye does not see the heart does not feel.1907 J. Masefield Tarpaulin Muster 186 I've been..looking for truth in all these books.1966 H. Davies New London Spy (1967) 273 Most generalizations have only a grain of truth in them.2004 B. McLean & P. Elkind Smartest Guys in Room (rev. ed.) ix. 126 There was some truth to that, it just wasn't the whole truth. †b. The essence of some quality or characteristic. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only in Shakespeare. ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. iii. 14 Thou art fram'd of the firme truth of valour. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 166 She (hauing the truth of honour in her). View more context for this quotation †c. poetic. Reality, actual existence, as contrasted with the imagination, a dream, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] > reality or quality of being real reality1545 formality1570 trueness1604 realness1612 thatness1643 positivity1659 actualness1668 positiveness1668 thingsomeness1674 somethingness1675 thingship1697 authenticity1839 thingness1840 truth1842 isness1865 thinginess1891 1842 Ld. Tennyson Morte d'Arthur in Poems (new ed.) II. 17 On to dawn, when dreams Begin to feel the truth and stir of day. 1844 E. B. Barrett Poems II. 114 The golden-hearted daisies Witnessed..To the truth of things,..And I woke to Nature's real. 11. Agreement or conformity with a standard, rule, or pattern; accuracy, correctness; spec. correctness of position or alignment. Formerly also: †genuineness. Cf. true adj. 6a, 6c. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > [noun] > of tools, materials, etc. trothc1425 truthc1443 trueness1594 justness1684 veracity1836 c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 67 Treuþe of beyng in kinde is..abilnes of euery þing to fulfille þe werkis of his kynde. 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. v. i. 2 This Instrument will come to the Truth, as well as a Needle of greater charge. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 43 To make them [sc. ploughs]..go true depends much upon the truth of the Iron-work. 1854 Poultry Chron. 1 609 The best fowls..as to truth of feather, condition, and general character. 1862 Internat. Exhib.: Illustr. Catal. Industr. Dept. II. xxx. §5831 The friction..allows the wheels to rotate with perfect truth and freedom. 1876 J. Rose Compl. Pract. Machinist vi. 86 Upon the truth of the last chucking only will the truth of the whole job depend; and if the face plate of the lath is a trifle out of true, [etc.]. 1965 W. G. Wilson Change Ringing xx. 163 We can..call the bobs at these leads without affecting..the tenors. This will ensure the truth of the changes within the course. 12. a. Esp. in art or literature: conformity with the reality of what is being represented; accuracy of representation or depiction; the quality of being true to life. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation > accurate truth1802 truthfulness1824 1802 D. Stewart Life & Writings W. Robertson I. 42 To unite in his portraits the truth of nature with the softenings of art. 1890 C. H. Moore Devel. & Char. Gothic Archit. viii. 286 In truth and skill of modelling even the sculptures of Chartres and St. Denis..surpass these of Wells. 1935 N.Y. Times 7 Apr. ix. 1/7 He is in great danger of allowing the applause of the undiscerning to have more influence on his narrative than the innermost truth of his characters. 1965 Life 14 May 93/1 I have such a strong romantic fantasy about things—and that's what I paint, but come to it through realism. If you don't back up your dreams with truth, you have a very round-shouldered art. 2003 L. Kokkola Representing Holocaust in Children's Lit. iii. 102 The biographical truth..is not the truth of event, but rather the truth of characterization. b. Architecture. Conformity between a work's appearance and reality; absence of techniques (e.g. the use of paint or plaster to imitate stonework) which create a false impression of the materials or methods of construction used. ΚΠ 1828 R. Duppa Trav. Italy 105 The interior of the two houses of Pansa and Sallust..restored..with great apparent truth. 1850 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) Aug. 426 The principle of truth in architecture demands that all shall be what it seems to be. 1908 Trans. Internat. Congr. Architects 1906 256 The first great principle..is truth. Good architecture never deceives the eye even for a moment. 2009 L. Farrelly Constr. & Materiality 5 To make a concrete or steel framed building appear like a brick building conflicts with the idea of ‘truth’ to materials. IV. Technical senses. 13. Particle Physics. One of the flavours (flavour n. 5) that characterize quarks and leptons, more often termed top (top n.¹ 38); a quark with this flavour (also truth quark). [Apparently named, along with its counterpart beauty (beauty n. 7), with allusion to the expression beauty is truth, truth beauty in John Keats's poem Ode on a Grecian Urn (compare quot. 1820 at sense A. 6a); for similar application of an abstract noun of quality to flavours, compare earlier charm n.¹ 6. These flavours are usually represented in notation by the letters t and b; their alternative designations top and bottom are attested from the same date.] ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > quark > [noun] > differentiating property > top or truth truth1976 top1977 t1978 1976 Sci. News 26 June 409/3 Beyond charm and color, says one theorist, come ‘truth’ and ‘beauty’. These would require two new quarks, a true, or maybe truthful, quark and a beautiful one. 1977 New Scientist 8 Sept. 590/3 If the upsilon does contain a fifth quark a search will immediately be on for the sixth (‘truth’ or ‘top’). 1983 Farmington (New Mexico) Daily Times 15 May a11/3 This missing quark is the so-called ‘top’ or ‘truth’ quark. 2001 V. L. Ginzburg Physics of Lifetime 55 The t quarks of the sixth flavor, with a charge of 2/3 (known as top or truth quarks), proved to be especially difficult to find. 2013 S. T. Thornton & A. Rex Mod. Physics (ed. 4) xiv. 537 These last two quarks [sc. top quark and bottom quark] are sometimes called truth and beauty. †B. adv. (and int.) Expressing assent; cf. true adj. 4b. Also as an intensifier: = in truth at Phrases 1c. Also as int. Cf. troth adv. Obsolete (archaic and poetic in later use), God's truth n. and int. (b) at god n. and int. Compounds 2a. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > in truth [interjection] by (formerly also upon) my truthc1330 i'faitha1375 sootha1400 truth1534 good faitha1566 trotha1616 n'est-ce pas1854 nicht wahr1871 the straight1900 verdad1969 1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Matt. xv. 27 She answered and sayde: truthe Lorde: neverthelesse the whelpes eate of the crommes. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 69 Truth said he, my predecessors..were much both better and greater than I. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 16 Arms? truth! I know not. Phrases P1. With a preposition. a. by (formerly also †upon) my truth: expressing strong affirmation or assertion. Cf. by my troth at troth n. and adv. Phrases 2. Now archaic and rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > in truth [interjection] by (formerly also upon) my truthc1330 i'faitha1375 sootha1400 truth1534 good faitha1566 trotha1616 n'est-ce pas1854 nicht wahr1871 the straight1900 verdad1969 c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 405 Bi mi trewþe y schal þe swere, Schal y mi fader þe tiding bere. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2047 (MED) Seþþe saw i hire nouȝt, sire, bi my treuþe! ?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 131 (MED) Lyfte up þi feet, sett forth þi ton, or be my trewth þou getyst a clowte. a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) iii. xix. sig. Rvii^v By my trueth vncle these thinges would I faine see wel proued. 1563 in F. J. Furnivall Child-marriages, Divorces, & Ratifications Diocese Chester (1897) 59 [He] promysed, bie his faith and treuth, that [etc.]. a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Double Marriage iv. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Eeeee4/2 Upon my truth I am honest. 1662 Duchess of Newcastle Youths Glory i. iii. viii, in Playes Written 135 By my truth Mistriss the Lord de l' Amour is a fine person. 1705 J. Vanbrugh Confederacy i. 2 Now by my truth, Neighbour, between the City and the Court..there's not a —— to chuse. 1810 J. Baillie Family Legend ii. ii. 55 Loch. They call'd our crew the Campbell-cow'd Macleans... 2nd Vas. Infernal devils! Dare they to call us so? Loch. Ay, by my truth! 1997 J. Y. Gregg Devils, Women & Jews iii. 117 ‘By my truth,’ said the other, ‘my wife obeys me truly.’ b. for a truth: = in truth at Phrases 1c. Now rare (Irish English in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [adverb] in truthc1330 in faitha1375 in good faitha1393 in casea1398 in effectc1405 indeed1412 effectually1420 actually?a1425 really?a1425 of a truth1494 bottom1531 for a truth?1532 in fact1592 authentically1593 in esse1597 de facto1602 essentially1604 in nature1605 in point of fact1628 positively1649 in point of event1650 effectively1652 honestly1675 entally1691 reely1792 objectively1796 fairlyc1804 in actual fact1824 factually1852 naturally1858 transactionally1866 'smatter of fact1922 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > assuredly, indeed soothlyc825 forsoothc888 wiselyc888 sooth to sayOE i-wislichec1000 to (‥) soothOE iwis?c1160 certesa1250 without missa1275 i-witterlic1275 trulyc1275 aplight1297 certc1300 in (good) fayc1300 verily1303 certain1330 in truthc1330 to tell (also speak, say) the truthc1330 certainlya1375 faithlya1375 in faitha1375 surelya1375 in sooth1390 in trothc1390 in good faitha1393 to witc1400 faithfullyc1405 soothly to sayc1405 all righta1413 sad?a1425 in certc1440 wella1470 truec1480 to say (the) truth1484 of a truth1494 of (a) trotha1500 for a truth?1532 in (of) verity1533 of verityc1550 really1561 for, in, or into very?1565 indeed1583 really and truly1600 indeed and indeed1673 right enough1761 deed1816 just1838 of a verity1850 sho1893 though1905 verdad1928 sholy1929 ja-nee1937 only1975 deffo1996 ?1532 T. Paynell tr. Erasmus De Contemptu Mundi iii. sig. C.iii^v But for a truthe there is nothynge more miserable..than worldly goodes. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxvi And for a treugth, at thys season there was mortal warre betwene king Lewes and the duke of Borgoyne. a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Four Plays in One in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Eeeeeeee4^v/2 The Divell follows him; and for a truth Sir, appears in visible figure often to him. 1905 ‘B. St. Luz’ Black Butterflies xiii. 179 It shocks my sensibilities every time I look in that direction—it does, for a truth! 1946 O. St. J. Gogarty in Poetry (Chicago) May 71 I found, for a truth, There's sometimes great kindness behind the uncouth. c. in truth: in fact, as a fact; truly, really, indeed.Chiefly used to strengthen or emphasize a statement, esp. one which seems surprising or unlikely. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [adverb] in truthc1330 in faitha1375 in good faitha1393 in casea1398 in effectc1405 indeed1412 effectually1420 actually?a1425 really?a1425 of a truth1494 bottom1531 for a truth?1532 in fact1592 authentically1593 in esse1597 de facto1602 essentially1604 in nature1605 in point of fact1628 positively1649 in point of event1650 effectively1652 honestly1675 entally1691 reely1792 objectively1796 fairlyc1804 in actual fact1824 factually1852 naturally1858 transactionally1866 'smatter of fact1922 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > assuredly, indeed soothlyc825 forsoothc888 wiselyc888 sooth to sayOE i-wislichec1000 to (‥) soothOE iwis?c1160 certesa1250 without missa1275 i-witterlic1275 trulyc1275 aplight1297 certc1300 in (good) fayc1300 verily1303 certain1330 in truthc1330 to tell (also speak, say) the truthc1330 certainlya1375 faithlya1375 in faitha1375 surelya1375 in sooth1390 in trothc1390 in good faitha1393 to witc1400 faithfullyc1405 soothly to sayc1405 all righta1413 sad?a1425 in certc1440 wella1470 truec1480 to say (the) truth1484 of a truth1494 of (a) trotha1500 for a truth?1532 in (of) verity1533 of verityc1550 really1561 for, in, or into very?1565 indeed1583 really and truly1600 indeed and indeed1673 right enough1761 deed1816 just1838 of a verity1850 sho1893 though1905 verdad1928 sholy1929 ja-nee1937 only1975 deffo1996 c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 7694 He dede michel rewþe. Þis was on Yders lond in trewþe. c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 34 In treuþe, Þet þer be non ypocrysye, Bote repentaunce and reuþe. ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 136 (MED) How I schal make mysilf opyn in a soule þat in truþe loueþ me. c1475 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 143 Hyt was a howse of nunes in trewthe,..But not welle gouernede, and þat was rowthe. 1650 A. Weldon Court & Char. King James 99 Some of them played booty, and in truth, the Game was not plaid above board. 1687 J. Phillips tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote i. i. i. 5 A young fresh-colour'd smerking Country-Wench that went for a Maid, but in truth, was a crackt piece of Ware. 1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. iii. 86 These People pretend to blame him, whereas in truth they ought only to blame themselves. 1795 E. Burke Let. 27 Nov. in Corr. (1969) VIII. 351 In truth all these distempers pass my Skill. 1833 J. H. Newman Arians 4th Cent. i. 94 The mind is often compared to a tablet or paper... But, in truth, the mind can never resemble a blank paper. 1884 D. Pae Eustace 6 It was in truth a scene of great beauty. 1928 H. L. McBain in C.A. Beard Whither Mankind vi. 143 The classical democracies of Athens and Rome were in truth only fairly wide aristocracies superstructed upon slavery. 1966 H. Davies New London Spy (1967) 244 The West End baths are naturally more expensive and the amenities more elaborate although, in truth, the furnishings are faded and threadbare. 2009 D. Nicholls One Day (2010) i. 11 In truth he had never really seen the point of cuddling. d. of a truth (in early use also †of truth). (a) = in truth at Phrases 1c. Now archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [adverb] in truthc1330 in faitha1375 in good faitha1393 in casea1398 in effectc1405 indeed1412 effectually1420 actually?a1425 really?a1425 of a truth1494 bottom1531 for a truth?1532 in fact1592 authentically1593 in esse1597 de facto1602 essentially1604 in nature1605 in point of fact1628 positively1649 in point of event1650 effectively1652 honestly1675 entally1691 reely1792 objectively1796 fairlyc1804 in actual fact1824 factually1852 naturally1858 transactionally1866 'smatter of fact1922 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > assuredly, indeed soothlyc825 forsoothc888 wiselyc888 sooth to sayOE i-wislichec1000 to (‥) soothOE iwis?c1160 certesa1250 without missa1275 i-witterlic1275 trulyc1275 aplight1297 certc1300 in (good) fayc1300 verily1303 certain1330 in truthc1330 to tell (also speak, say) the truthc1330 certainlya1375 faithlya1375 in faitha1375 surelya1375 in sooth1390 in trothc1390 in good faitha1393 to witc1400 faithfullyc1405 soothly to sayc1405 all righta1413 sad?a1425 in certc1440 wella1470 truec1480 to say (the) truth1484 of a truth1494 of (a) trotha1500 for a truth?1532 in (of) verity1533 of verityc1550 really1561 for, in, or into very?1565 indeed1583 really and truly1600 indeed and indeed1673 right enough1761 deed1816 just1838 of a verity1850 sho1893 though1905 verdad1928 sholy1929 ja-nee1937 only1975 deffo1996 1494 Lydgate's Falle of Princis (Pynson) ii. sig. fvi^v/1 Of truth [?a1439 Bodl. 263 Off trouthe] I may rightwell afferme and saye The people mekely their biddynge shulde obeye. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xiv. f. xx^v Of a truth thou arte the sonne off God. c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) ii. 2 The grit Debait and Turnament Off trewth no toung can tell. 1603 R. Rogers Seuen Treat. vii. x. 595 God is with you of a trueth. 1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity i. ii. xiii. 159 Would not this of a truth prove a most palpable and remarkable Limb of Antichristianism? 1721 J. Perry Glory Christ's Visible Kingdom xix. 294 Then shall the Saints be fully assured that God..is in the midst of them, of a Truth. 1769 Monthly Rev. Feb. 107 Of a truth he is a writer of very enlarged views. 1825 J. M. Sherer Scenes & Impressions Egypt & Italy (ed. 2) 67 Though slow, it [sc. a camel's pace] is not disagreeable till towards the close of a day's journey, when it is, of a truth, achingly wearisome. 1873 ‘Ouida’ Pascarèl I. 57 Of a truth I loved you. 1916 Crisis Dec. 68/1 Interesting she is also; of a truth, unfailingly interesting. 2011 A. H. Gabhart Angel Sister xxv. 224 ‘That would be something to see.’..‘It would of a truth.’ †(b) In predicative use: true; actually or really the case. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. eiij^v It is of a trueth they are dedde. 1590 E. Webbe Rare & Wonderfull Things (new ed.) To Rdr. sig. A3 In this booke there is nothing mentioned or expressed but that which is of truth, and what mine owne eyes haue perfectly seene. P2. a. In various proverbs and proverbial phrases.the truth will out: see out adv. 4c(a). ΚΠ c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. i. l. 126 Treuþe is tresour triedest [a1500 Dublin 213 þe tridest] on eorþe. a1450 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1931) 159 91 (MED) Trewthe may be trobyld Bot neuer sal be schamed. ?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 340 (MED) Trewth dyd nevyr his maystyr shame. 1568 L. Evans Castle of Christianitie f. 27^v The truth is mightie, and the contrarie is weake. 1659 J. Howell Prov. Spanish Tovng 5/2 in Παροιμιογραϕια Truth is green. 1732 T. Fuller Gnomologia 231 Truth makes the Devil blush. 1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XIV ci. 165 Truth is always strange; Stranger than fiction. 1855 Amer. Law Reg. 3 322 The greater the truth, the greater the libel. 1939 Washington Post 19 Jan. 9/2 It has been well said that truth is the first casualty of war. 1951 Pop. Mech. June 95/1 Odd figures crop up in any survey, probably to prove again that truth is stranger than fiction. 2009 Weekender (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 3 Mar. The truth is the best defence. b. there is truth in wine (also †in wine is truth) and variants: a person says what he or she really feels, or shows his or her true self, when under the influence of alcohol.More popularly used in the Latin form in vino veritas phr. ΚΠ 1545 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Prouerbes (new ed.) sig. H5^v In wyne is trouthe.] 1586 G. Pettie & B. Yong tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (rev. ed.) iv. f. 196^v This Prouerbe is verified. Truth is Wine. 1659 T. Pecke Parnassi Puerperium 5 Grant but the Adage true, that Truth's in Wine. 1713 J. Dunton Neck or Nothing 32 To be sure there is Truth in Wine; for Drunken Harry no sooner gets into a Reeling Sickness, but we straight hear of the Rich Diamond that the French Tyrant gave him. 1786 R. Polwhele tr. Theocritus Idyllia & Epigrams 212 Since, ‘Truth's in Wine’, my dearest Youth, We mellow Souls should speak the Truth. 1800 Sporting Mag. Oct. 42 Ye Topers, who dip in the nectar divine, Of dipping be careful—for truth is in wine. 1869 A. Trollope He knew he was Right II. li. 11 There is no saying truer than that which declares that there is truth in wine. 1958 J. H. Miller C. Dickens (1970) i. 25 There is truth in wine... Drink merely brings out Pickwick in all his innate benevolence. 2009 Daily Tel. (Austral.) 1 Jan. 51/1 If there is truth in wine, as the Latin proverb in vino veritas suggests, then those listening to..Socrates must have learned a few homegrown ones. For he could..drink you under the table. P3. In idiomatic phrases. a. (the) truth is (also †truth it is): used to emphasize that even though what the speaker is saying may be candid or unexpected, he or she is only stating what is true. ΚΠ ?1531 R. Barnes Supplic. Kinge Henrye VIII f. viii The truth ys yov were neuer wonte lenger to holde with them than they dyd maintayne youre carnalle desyers and doo those thynges that you commaunded them to doo. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. i. iv. f. 4^v/1 Of quhat sum euer natioun thay ben discendit, treuth is, efter thair cumyng in Albion, thay war ane ciuill pepyl. 1665 R. Brathwait Comment Two Tales Chaucer 110 Truth is, he was shrewd to me, and gave me store of rib roast. 1712 W. Darrell Gentleman Instructed: 3rd Pt. i. 13 The truth is he had been bred up with the Groom, and transplanted the Stable dialect into the Dressing-Room. 1817 N. Amer. Rev. July 157 The truth is, no official or correct account of these transactions was given in the papers of the day. 1860 T. Carlyle Let. 15 Mar. in Corr. T. Carlyle & J. Ruskin (1982) 85 The maid brought in her Cigar Box,—the third... Truth is, I am not yet half way thro' the First Box. 1940 M. Dickens Mariana vii. 244 I wasn't going to tell you, but the truth is, I am in a bit of a fix. 1988 Mother Jones July 14/3 The truth is, nobody really knows why ratings go up or down. 2010 Times (Nexis) 2 July 79 The truth is we cannot afford not to equip ourselves for the world of tomorrow. b. the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth (and variants): the absolute truth; esp. used to emphasize that something, esp. a statement, is or should be true in every particular, with no facts omitted or untrue elements added.The phrase forms part of the oath or the affirmation (affirmation n. 4) declared or agreed to by witnesses in court before giving testimony. A witness can choose to place one hand on the Bible when swearing the oath, but is now usually not required to do so.In quot. 1593 with reference to the foreman of the jury taking the oath. ΚΠ 1571 J. Bridges Serm. Paules Crosse 33 What shoulde we teache in matters of saluation but the Truthe, and all the truthe, and nothyng but the truth? 1593 J. Adames Order of Keeping Court Leete sig. A3^v The Oth of the Foreman... You shal present and tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so helpe you God, and by the contents of this booke. 1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo iii. xvii. 465 The oath giuen to Iurors is, That they shall deale iustly and truely betweene partie and partie; but the witnesses are to speake the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, and so they take their oath. 1668 T. Thomson Eng. Rogue ii. iii. 12 Do I stand here to hear stories? Sir tell me the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. 1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 42 Merchants are infinitely curious in the..Regularity, and Justice of their Books..; they are, or ought to be, the Truth, whole Truth, and nothing but the Truth of all that is done. 1786 Acts & Laws State of Connecticut 197 Every Quaker..be permitted to make his or her solemn Affirmation... You..do solemnly and sincerely affirm and declare, that the Evidence you shall give..shall be the Truth, the whole Truth, and nothing but the Truth; upon the Pains and Penalties of Perjury. 1830 W. Chambers Bk. Scotl. 129 The witness must lay his left hand on an open Bible, and hold up his right... ‘I swear by Almighty God..that I will tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.’ 1835 G. P. R. James My Aunt Pontypool II. xi. 272 This simple..tale is written with the purpose..of telling, like an Old Bailey witness, the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. 1905 W. Osler in Med. News 30 Sept. 625/1 No human being is constituted to know the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth; and even the best of men must be content with fragments, with partial glimpses, never the full fruition. 1977 M. F. Scheinman Evid. & Proof in Arbitration 4 The oath generally used is: ‘Do you swear [or affirm] to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth?’ 2008 Gazette (Essex) (Nexis) 19 Mar. You have to walk into a crown court and solemnly swear the evidence you are about to give is the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth—or face the wrath of the contempt laws. c. if (the) truth be told and variants: (in parenthetical use) = to tell (the) truth at tell v. Phrases 2. Often with ellipsis of if, as truth be told.rare before 19th cent. ΚΠ 1592 G. Babington Certaine Comfortable Notes Genesis (xxxvii.) f. 144^v Euen brethren to loue togither (if truth be told) is a hard thing. 1771 F. Gentleman Tobacconist Prol. In ev'ry clime we find, if truth be told The universal deity is gold. 1805 Boston Weekly Mag. 16 Mar. 84/1 Truth be told, I have a world of love for you. 1818 E. B. Lester Quakers xi. 136 If the truth be told, she was the least uncomfortable of the three. 1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad xxx. 44 More than I, if truth were told, Have stood and sweated hot and cold. 1922 F. B. Young Red Knight vi. 160 His moody, and, if the truth be told, self-centred soul. 1989 N. Shapiro tr. I. Raboy Jewish Cowboy vii. 77 If truth be told, Bobby was not quite as scrupulous as he might have been about setting out each piece on the ground skinside up. 2013 E. Lange Dead Ends (2014) ii. 13 Truth be told, she was pretty damn cool as far as moms go. d. truth or dare: a game in which each participant, in turn, must choose between answering truthfully a personal question and carrying out a ‘dare’ put to him or her by one of the other players. Also with capital initials. Cf. sense A. 5d, truth game n. at Compounds 4. ΚΠ 1936 Indian Jrnl. (Eufaula, Okla.) 23 Jan. 7/5 During the evening such games as ‘Truth or Dare’..were played. 1987 Canad. Geographic Dec. 75/2 We..occasionally played ‘truth or dare’ with the Langmuir kids. 2010 R. James Beautiful Malice xv. 90 Truth or dare... Come on. I love this game. It's the best way to get to know people. e. to tell the truth and shame the devil: see shame v. 4d. to be economical with the truth: see economical adj. Phrases. economy of truth: see economy n. Phrases 1. moment of truth: see moment n. 1e. the naked truth: see naked adj. 17b. Compounds C1. a. General attributive, as truth breach, truth world, etc. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > unfaithfulness > [noun] untruthc893 untruenessOE falsedom1297 falsehood1297 falsenessc1330 falsityc1330 untrothc1374 mistruthc1480 disloyalty1481 unfaithfulness1526 untrustiness1526 deloyalty1571 disloyalness1586 truth breach1597 faithlessness1598 bad faith1653 infaithfulness1685 trustlessness1828 unreliableness1844 disfaith1881 1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements ii. xix. 260 A grieuous crime of disloialtie & truth breach. 1848 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 211 Some grains of truth-gold. 1972 E. B. Daryush Sel. Poems 62 For us who are tired with truth-light. 2010 R. Mascella et al. in V. Cappechi et al. Applic. of Math. in Models xxii. 522 Art is not more introducing in the truth world; it does not have to be useful and convey moral or sentimental messages. b. truth-claim n. ΚΠ 1907 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 4 489 ‘A vital distinction’..between the truth, or the truth-claim, of an idea and the validated truth-claim, or the truth after it is validated. 1977 A. Giddens Stud. in Social & Polit. Theory i. 78 An ‘empirical intersection’ subject to disputation in respect of truth claims. 2006 Third Way Nov. 4/2 Polemics are ways of defending the truth-claims of one's own religion against the perceived challenges of the other. truth-relation n. ΚΠ 1844 Oberlin (Ohio) Evangelist 5 June 96/3 Whenever..a minister deranges these truth-relations, he ceases to edify the people. 1952 Mind 61 193 The truth relation is repeatedly defined by Peirce in straightforward old-fashioned correspondence terms. 2005 Mind 114 324 Such proofs involve a truth relation that holds between sentences and interpretations. truth-worship n. ΚΠ 1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Theophrastus Such iii. 55 This sort of truth-worship. 1923 Jrnl. Egyptian Archaeol. 9 258 The peculiar explosion..of truth-worship. 2013 Buffalo (N.Y.) News (Nexis) 2 Dec. c31 The crucial skepticism and truth-worship that is taught can..curdle into triviality and outright meanness. C2. Instrumental, as truth-filled, truth-inspired, truth-led, etc. ΚΠ 1627 T. May tr. Lucan Pharsalia (new ed.) ix. sig. Q6 What Cato spoke, Few words, but from a truth fill'd breast they broke. a1770 T. Chatterton Compl. Wks. (1971) I. 169 In truth-dictated lays. 1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 56 The calm of truth-tried love. 1848 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 61 Truth-led in Time's darkest hour. 1876 J. S. Blackie Songs Relig. & Life 130 A truth-shod Christian brotherhood. 1907 London Q. Rev. Jan. 77 The truth-inspired brush of the ripened Morelli. 2014 Providence (Rhode Island) Jrnl. (Nexis) 3 Apr. (Comment) 1 Such an insightful and truth-filled article. C3. a. Objective, with agent nouns, verbal nouns, and participles, as truth-bringing, truth-desiring, truth-finder truth-searcher, etc. ΚΠ 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne v. lxvi. 88 Ere truth-reuealing time..Bewraid her act [It. pria che di sue frodi altri s'auueda]. 1653 S. Fisher Παιδοβαπτιζοντες Παιδιζοντες: Baby-baptism 234 That Truth-destroying thing called Tythes. 1736 J. Thomson Prospect: 5th Pt. Liberty 33 Instead of..Truth-perplexing metaphysic Wits, Men, Patriots, Chiefs and Citizens are form'd. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones II. vi. i. 224 The Truth-finder, and the Gold-finder. View more context for this quotation 1759 tr. Horace Satires i. iv, in W. Duncombe et al. tr. Horace Wks. II. 101 Nor even him he spares, The Heart when Truth-revealing Bacchus bares [L. condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber]. 1778 J. Matlock Apostasy Broad Way to Hell 72 A brood of God-provoking, heaven-daring, truth-denying sinners. 1814 A. Clarke Holy Bible with Comm. & Crit. Notes (Acts xvi. 16) sig. 4R/1 Our term soothsaying comes from the Anglo-Saxon soð, truth; and sæȝan, to say: i. e. truth-saying, or saying the truth. 1868 R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies 1st Ser. xxiii. 130 An unlying man seldom telleth lies, and a truth-saying (veracious) man often saith the truth. 1903 Dawn (Baltimore) Oct. 74/1 His truth-denying, fallacious theory. 1928 A. Huxley Point Counter Point xxvi. 443 Truth-Searchers become just as silly..as the boozers. 1961 Boxoffice 12 June a10/2 Aided by a little truth-bending, they evade school officials. 1975 Publisher's Weekly 18 Aug. 58/3 He abandoned near-total admiration for some tough truth-saying about Ali toward the end. 1999 New Yorker 7 June 20/3 We all have our own idea of what makes road trips truth revealing—and irresistible. 2009 W. Chaloupka in E. Bomberg & D. Schlosberg Environmentalism in U.S. iv. 58 A telling critique of Plato's cave allegory, with the philosopher cast as the truth-bringing scientist. b. truth-lover n. ΚΠ 1793 Bee 16 Oct. 264 To Correspondents... The critique by Truth Lover is too severe. 1909 D. P. Rhodes Philos. of Change viii. 362 The choice constantly imposed upon truth-lovers..between conservatism and radicalism. 2009 Prospect (Nexis) 19 Nov. This October, inspired by the Guardian's ‘bad science’ column, Times Higher Education magazine decided to strike a blow for truth-lovers with the nation's first ‘bad history’ column. truth-loving adj. ΚΠ 1629 J. P. Christs Confession & Complaint To Rdr. sig. (b) 2 Christian and Truth-louing Reader, I offer here..the Confession and Complaint of Christ Iesus our Sauiour. 1705 W. Jameson Cyprianus Isotimus i. 147 My Observant and Truth loving Reader. 1828 T. Carlyle in Foreign Rev. 2 439 A just, quiet, truth-loving man. 1946 R. Graves Poems 1938–45 31 Truth-loving Persians do not dwell upon The trivial skirmish fought near Marathon. 2006 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 1 Dec. 17 Both our nations are God-fearing, truth-loving and justice-seeking. truth-seeker n. ΚΠ 1817 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 29 Nov. 1057 The Truth-seekers should return to day-light. 1941 Life 27 Oct. 118/1 It is an obligation that..has made us a nation of aggressive truth-seekers. 2004 C. J. Richard Battle for Amer. Mind iii. 93 The gleeful arrogance..had persuaded few Athenians to consider him [sc. Socrates] a humble truth-seeker. truth-seeking adj. and n. ΚΠ 1629 J. P. Christs Confession & Complaint 84 To alienate the heart of the Prince from his most Religious and Truth seeking Subiects. 1789 T. Holcroft tr. J. C. Lavater Ess. Physiognomy I. xii. 94 Her truth seeking pupils. 1896 W. James in New World 5 345 I..cannot see my way to accepting the agnostic rules for truth seeking. 1931 Boys' Life June 22/1 The spirit of truth telling and truth seeking. 2013 Daily Tel. 29 Mar. 18/4 Rather than getting a thrill from watching blood-spattered scenes on screen, ‘truth-seeking’ audiences hope to gain a meaningful insight into human nature. truth-speaker n. ΚΠ 1632 P. Holland tr. Xenophon Cyrupædia iii. i. 59 You seeme..not to thinke that insolent and malapert persons take knowledge of any others more staied and temperate than themselves,..nor liers of truth speakers [L. neque mentientis, qui loquuntur uera; Gk. οὐδὲ τοὺς ψευδομένους τοὺς τἀληθῆ λέγοντας]. 1711 A. Pope Corr. 19 July (1956) I. 128 Their method of revenge on the truth-speaker is to attack his reputation. 1859 Knickerbocker Mar. 290 The sailor in the discharge of every duty at sea, is a truth-speaker. 2008 B. Goldacre Bad Sci. vi. 88 The truth-speaker knows the truth and is trying to give it to us. truth-speaking adj. and n. ΚΠ 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. James. i. f. xxvii^v The most pure sede of the eternall and trueth speaking worde [L. sermonis aeterni ac veridici]. 1642 J. Gauden 3 Serm. 56 The common enterchange of good offices is in the way of truth-speaking. 1785 A. M. Bennett Anna IV. lxxix. 69 All his former suspicions..confirmed in her truth-speaking countenance. 1872 Ld. Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 28 Bounteous, merciful, Truth-speaking, brave. 1906 E. L. Cabot Everyday Ethics 418 Truth-speaking is not always compatible with courtesy. 2000 P. W. Kahn Law & Love ii. 35 It is too hard to be the truth-speaking Fool. truth-teller n. ΚΠ 1564 I. S. Pitifull Estate of Time Present sig. D.ij For neuer shall truth tellers, bee thorowly welcome in Englande tyll such false flatterers be out of credit and estimation. 1625 J. Stradling Divine Poemes 129 He..Truth-tellers crowns with blisse. 1742 Britannia in Mourning 14 These musty Truth-tellers insist upon't. 1852 Ld. Tennyson Ode Wellington 188 Truth-teller was our England's Alfred named. 1927 Amer. Mercury May p. liv The truthtellers whose greatest joy is just the zest of being true and truthful. 2013 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 6 June 39/4 Those in power..need such fact-grubbers and truth-tellers too. truth-telling n. and adj. Π 1539 R. Morison tr. J. L. Vives Introd. Wisedome sig. k.iii^v The damage that commeth by truth telling, hindrith not longe [L. nec veritatis damnum diu nocet]. 1597 C. Middleton Famous Hist. Chinon iii. sig. D4 Giue licence to my truth telling tonge..to disclose the especial cause of my hastie comming. 1698 T. D'Urfey Campaigners 9 Our Famous Antient Truth-telling Poet Juvenal. 1756 C. Smart tr. Horace Satires i. iv, in tr. Horace Wks. (1826) II. 43 When truth-telling [L. verax] Bacchus opens the secrets of his heart. 1847 A. Helps Friends in Council I. i. i. 8 Truth-telling in its highest sense requires a well-balanced mind. 1908 R. Bagot Anthony Cuthbert viii Impressions..confirmed by the truth-telling light of day. 2007 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 6 Dec. 62/2 Truth-telling was a supreme religious duty for the Persians. C4. Truth and Reconciliation Commission n. (also with lower-case initials) [originally after Spanish Comisión de Verdad y Reconciliación, the name of a commission created on 25 April 1990 to investigate deaths and disappearances for political reasons in Chile under the rule of Augusto Pinochet (compare quot. 1990)] Politics an official body charged with the investigation of claims of human rights abuses, esp. during a previous government or regime; abbreviated TRC (see TRC n. at T n. Additions).Most commonly referring to the commission set up by a South African Parliamentary Act on 26 July 1995 (see quot. 1995) to investigate claims of such abuses during the apartheid era. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of body or spec. bodies > [noun] > commission > other types of commission conservacy1434 conservice1571 conservation1580 conservancy1618 Royal Commission1747 county commission1763 railroad commission1855 Audit Commission1866 European Commission1956 Countryside Commission1964 Truth and Reconciliation Commission1990 Truth Commission1991 1990 N.Y. Times 3 June 6/1 The nine-member Truth and Reconciliation Commission named in April by President Patricio Aylwin [of Chile] is charged with being ‘the moral conscience of the nation’. 1995 Promotion of National Unity & Reconciliation Act in Juta's Statutes S. Afr. (1997) I. 2-398 To provide for the investigation and the establishment of as complete a picture as possible of the nature, causes and extent of gross violations of human rights..to provide for the establishment of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission. 2001 H. Gilbert Postcolonial Plays 25/1 The controversial work of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) has spawned a number of bold and imaginative theatrical ventures in the post-apartheid period. 2006 UMass Amherst Fall 37/1 I was no stranger to transitional justice... I studied the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Truth Commission n. (also with lower-case initials) Politics = Truth and Reconciliation Commission n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of body or spec. bodies > [noun] > commission > other types of commission conservacy1434 conservice1571 conservation1580 conservancy1618 Royal Commission1747 county commission1763 railroad commission1855 Audit Commission1866 European Commission1956 Countryside Commission1964 Truth and Reconciliation Commission1990 Truth Commission1991 1991 N.Y. Times 13 Mar. a5/5 A ‘truth commission’ would be created to gather evidence on political killings and other violent repression [in El Salvador] in the last 15 years. 1993 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 31 Aug. 10 a ANC leaders said at a news conference that a national ‘Truth Commission’ should be formed to investigate human rights abuses by all sides during the anti-apartheid struggle. 2001 New Republic 14 May 11/2 More and more we are relying on truth commissions and international tribunals to record the unpleasant truths about recent conflicts. 2012 New Yorker 19 Mar. 57/3 In 1985, an unprecedented Truth Commission report on the crimes of the Dirty War [in Argentina]..led to the trials and jailing of, among others, nine former junta leaders. truth condition n. [after German Wahrheitsbedingung (1921 in the passage translated in quot. 1922)] Logic a condition which must be fulfilled in order for a statement to be true. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical truth > [noun] > truth condition sufficient condition1914 truth condition1922 1922 C. K. Ogden et al. tr. L. Wittgenstein Tractatus 95 The proposition is the expression of its truth-conditions. 1978 P. Pettit in C. Hookway & P. Pettit Action & Interpr. 48 Incompatible sentences have truth conditions which we cannot conceive of as being simultaneously fulfilled. 2012 A. Brueckner & G. Ebbs Debating Self-knowledge 5 One does not know the meanings and associated truth conditions of one's sentences. truth drug n. a psychoactive drug administered to a person with the intention of making him or her tell the truth, esp. in a criminal investigation; cf. truth serum n. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > other types of intoxicating drug truth serum1913 truth drug1922 whoonga2010 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > truthfulness, veracity > [noun] > substance truth serum1913 truth drug1922 soap1975 1922 Chicago Defender 11 Mar. 12/4 Tried out in Texas it [sc. scopalamin] made prisoners tell the truth about alleged crimes. The ‘Truth Drug’ should work wonders. 1969 Daily Tel. 16 Dec. 15/1 Interviewed under the truth drug pentathol, he told doctors he did not realise he had done the baby any harm. 2013 K. Rhodes Killing of Angels (2014) xxix. 220 He'd be prepared to use blackmail, truth drugs or a cattle prod to gain a confession from him. truth frequency n. Philosophy and Statistics the number of true statements in a given collection of statements, viewed as a proportion of the total number of statements in the collection. ΚΠ 1920 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 17 46 To qualify a proposition as probable is to ascribe to it a truth frequency which holds for its class. 1968 Jrnl. Thought 3 204 A proposition q has a probability of m/n in relation to a premise p when and only when p entails that q is a member of a class of propositions whose truth frequency is m/n. 2013 J. Grover Strategic Econ. Decision-making i. 7 The probability of a proportion relative to a class..is equal to the truth-frequency. truth-function n. Philosophy Logic (a) (in quot. 1909) the process by which subjective truth arises from the interaction of beliefs and facts; (b) Logic a function which assigns a truth value to a proposition based solely on the truth values of each of its constituent propositions; a statement or proposition whose truth value depends solely on the truth values of its constituent propositions. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical truth > [noun] > truth-functionality > truth function alternation1862 truth-function1909 1909 W. James Meaning of Truth i. 41 The reader will easily see how much of the account of the truth-function developed later in Pragmatism was already explicit in this earlier article. 1910 A. N. Whitehead & B. Russell Principia Mathematica I. i. 8 We may call a function f(p) a ‘truth-function’ when its argument p is a proposition, and the truth-value of f(p) depends only upon the truth value of p. 1960 S. Körner Philos. Math. ii. 40 ‘(Brutus murdered Caesar) and (Rome lies in Italy)’ is a truth-function. 2006 S. Schroeder Wittgenstein ii. 63 Unlike conjunction and conditional, negation is a truth-function based on only one proposition. truth-functional adj. Logic relating to or involving a truth function; having the property of a truth function. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical truth > [adjective] > other terms relating to matrix1914 truth-functional1936 constative1955 1936 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 1 112 Further details include an exposition of the canonical forms..and a truth-functional study of the syllogism. 1968 N. Chomsky & M. Halle Sound Pattern Eng. 387 We note there that certain truth-functional conditions are required for the phonological rules. 2004 R. M. Martin Introducing Symbolic Logic i. 19 When and means and then, the word and is not truth-functional. truth-functionality n. Logic the fact of being a truth function, or of operating in terms of truth functions. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical truth > [noun] > truth-functionality truth-functionality1950 1950 W. V. Quine Methods of Logic §2. 8 The property of truth-functionality..is thus enjoyed by negation, conjunction, and alternation. 1978 S. Haack Philos. Logics iii. 35 The desirability of truth-functionality is quite uncontroversial; but it is equally clear that a logic restricted to truth-functions would be unacceptably limited. 2013 M. Vargas Building Better Beings iv. 122 Ordinary moral language presents the appearance of truth-functionality and the predication of moral properties. truth-functionally adv. Logic in terms of or by means of a truth function; as a truth function. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical truth > [adverb] truth-functionally1937 probabilistically1944 1937 Philos. Sci. 4 141 If p and q had constituent propositions which were truth functionally dependent..ft would not be equivalent to p. 2013 A. M. Yaqub Introd. Logical Theory iii. 122 Even if an English connective is used truth-functionally, there might be aspects to the meaning of the connective that are not captured. truth game n. = sense A. 5d; cf. truth or dare at Phrases 3d. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > parlour and party games > [noun] > question and answer games purposec1380 questions and commands1628 cross-purposes1666 cross-questions and crooked answers1742 Yes and No1843 truth1868 clumps1883 truth game1908 1908 Atchison (Kansas) Daily Globe 2 Jan. 2/5 A Truth game has been known to put life-time friendship into an airship. Don't play it. 1941 ‘N. Blake’ Case of Abominable Snowman xviii. 198 Since we seem to be playing the truth game..did you kill Elizabeth Restorick? 2005 New Yorker 16 May 86/3 Once, playing the Truth Game with Tennessee Williams, she confessed, ‘I'm fifty four.’ truth machine n. = lie-detector n. at lie n.¹ Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1919 Sunset Aug. 68/1 Doc Bowers' Truth Machine was fulfilling its sole function, which was to demonstrate that the subject's blood pressure was above normal. 1964 Delaware County (Pa.) Daily Times 8 Apr. 6/1 The truth about the truth-machine is that it is as good as—but only as good as—the judgment and interpretation of its operator. 2011 M. S. Sweeney Brainworks 119/1 If such differences could indeed be demonstrated, a PET scan would function as a truth machine. truth preserving adj. (a) (in the context of art, literature, etc.) faithful to the reality of what is being represented (cf. sense A. 12a); (b) Logic (of an argument, rule of inference, etc.) resulting in a conclusion which is true whenever the statements from which it is inferred are true. ΚΠ 1841 Graham's Mag. Apr. 204/1 Others are equally caricatures, but of so vivid and truth-preserving an exaggeration, that we admire without scruple. 1913 Special Exhib. Catal. City Art Mus. St. Louis No. 12. 9 Of American painters who have sought in frontier life..themes for their art, Mr. Berninghaus can but be named among the more capable, direct and truth-preserving. 1947 H. Reichenbach Elem. Symbolic Logic iv. §33.178 The truth-preserving property of derivational processes. 2007 M. H. Salmon Logic & Crit. Thinking (ed. 5) iii. 90 Inductive arguments lack the definitive and the most valuable feature of deductive arguments—they are not truth preserving. truth serum n. a psychoactive drug administered (typically intravenously) to a person with the intention of making him or her tell the truth, esp. in a criminal investigation; cf. truth drug n.In quot. 1913: a notional serum with which a liar may be inoculated so that he or she will tell the truth. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > other types of intoxicating drug truth serum1913 truth drug1922 whoonga2010 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > truthfulness, veracity > [noun] > substance truth serum1913 truth drug1922 soap1975 1913 New Eng. Med. Gaz. Apr. 200 We must ‘treat him as we would any other pathological condition’; vaccinate him with a little truth serum. 1922 N.Y. Times 15 Feb. 6/2 (headline) Says ‘Truth Serum’ worked on convicts. 1977 J. Crosby Company of Friends vi. 43 Acetol is the strongest truth serum there is. Do you remember talking, talking, talking? 2001 E. Colfer Artemis Fowl v. 121 That's where we administered the sodium pentathol. Commonly known as truth serum. You sang like a bird. truth set n. Logic (a) a set of statements that are components of a given complex statement and are true for a particular assignment of truth values to all the atomic statements under consideration; (b) the set of values which make a proposition or set of propositions true whenever its variables take those values. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical truth > [noun] > other terms relating to material equivalence1892 truth set1940 necessity operator1953 1940 W. V. Quine Math. Logic i. 53 A truth set S of ϕ will include..anywhere from all to none of the ultimate truth-functional components..of ϕ. 1950 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 36 453 Many problems on the truth set Tr of a system have been treated carefully by A. Tarski. 2011 K. H. Rosen Discrete Math. (ed. 7) ii. 125 We see that the truth set of P is the set {−1,1}. truth squad n. North American Politics (in a political party) a group of people assigned the task of questioning the truth of statements made by members of an opposing party. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > [noun] > party machine > truth squad truth squad1952 1952 N.Y. Times 2 Oct. 25/1 (headline) ‘Truth Squad’ hits President's trail. 1980 Washington Star 31 Oct. b1/1 GOP leaders formed what they called a ‘truth squad’ to campaign this week because they said Democrats have avoided the issues. 1998 P. L. Gianos Politics & Politicians in Amer. Film v. 127 He moves easily across the world's stage, a one-man truth squad. 2008 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 3 Oct. c12 A truth squad..dangerously blurs the lines between the personal beliefs and professional obligations of elected officials. truth table n. Logic a table listing the truth or falsity of a statement for each of the different combination of truth values that can be assigned to its constituent statements; (Electronics and Computing) such a representation used to represent how a logic circuit responds to different combinations of inputs. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > [noun] > logic > truth-table truth table1920 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical truth > [noun] > truth value > terms relating to matrix1914 truth table1920 principle of bivalence1951 constative1955 1920 Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 26 437 Mr. Post considers the systems of truth tables that can be generated by combining arbitrary primitive truth tables. 1962 J. H. Simpson & R. S. Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors xvi. 401 The above results may be most easily summarized for two transistors with two inputs A and B in the form of so-called truth tables. 1995 PC Mag. 16 May 253/2 Do it for all eight possible combinations of input values and you'll generate the truth table entirely on your own. 2009 E. Gossett Discrete Math. with Proof (ed. 2) ii. 39 The truth tables for and and not agree with popular usage of the terms. truth value n. [after German Wahrheitswert (1891 as †Wahrheitswerth in a work by G. Frege)] Logic a value assigned to or associated with a statement that signifies its truth, its, falsity, or (in some forms of logic) the degree to which it is true. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [noun] soothc950 soothOE rightOE soothnessc1275 soothness1297 soothshipc1320 soothhead1340 very1382 trotha1387 trutha1391 verity1422 veriment1528 true?1531 trueness1559 veriness1574 reality1604 veracity1664 veridicalness1727 the fact of the matter1808 truthfulness1835 actualité1840 the straight1866 satya1879 straight goods1892 veridicalitya1901 truth value1903 dinky1941 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical truth > [noun] > truth value truth value1903 1903 B. Russell Princ. Math. 502 There are, we are told.., three elements in judgment: (1) the recognition of truth, (2) the Gedanke, (3) the truth-value (Wahrheitswerth). 1951 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 16 1 We shall use a logic with truth values ranging over all the real numbers x such that 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. 1 will be ‘complete truth’ and 0 will be ‘complete falsity’. 2013 D. W. Agler Sybolic Logic ii. 26 The truth value of the complex proposition is entirely determined by the truth values of the propositions that compose it. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). truthv. Brit. /truːθ/, U.S. /truθ/ Forms: see truth n. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: truth n. Etymology: < truth n. Compare troth v., and also earlier trow v.In quot. ?c1250 at sense 1, the reading of the manuscript is unclear; the letter form representing the medial consonant of treuþen has alternatively been interpreted as w (wynn) by some editors, and the word taken as showing trow v. 1. In sense 3a translating ancient Greek ἀληθεύειν in Hellenistic Greek use in Ephesians 4:15. †1. transitive. To believe, trust. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > accept as true, believe [verb (transitive)] ylevec888 leve971 ween971 i-weneOE takec1175 trowc1175 truth?c1250 thinka1275 believec1300 trustc1325 hold1340 trist1340 to give (one's) faith to (also unto)c1405 accept?c1430 admitc1449 credencea1529 to take a person at his (also her) word1535 credit1547 faith1576 to take a person's word1576 receive1581 creed1596 understand1751 Adam and Eve1925 buy1926 ?c1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 112 Wilich neuer eft more, Lauedi for þine sake, treuþen [printed treuwen] feondes lore. †2. a. transitive. To betroth; = troth v. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > betrothal > betroth [verb (transitive)] handfastlOE spousea1225 spousec1300 truthc1330 sickerc1384 assure1393 ensurea1450 fiancea1450 affya1500 insure1530 affiance1531 promise1548 betroth1566 espouse1581 contract1599 engage1728 c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 8639 (MED) Þer treuþed Arthour Gwenore his quen. ?c1425 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Royal 17 D.vi) (1860) 133 She truthede [a1450 Harl. trouthed] was to Indibal. b. intransitive. To plight one's troth; to become engaged to be married. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > betrothal > engage oneself to marry [verb (intransitive)] to plight (also pledge) (one's) troth?c1225 truthc1350 handfast1547 contract1660 engage1722 c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 59 Ȝyf an oþer treuþeþ seþe Wyþ word of þat hys nouþe. 3. †a. transitive with it. To speak or act truly and honestly; to behave in accordance with the truth. Chiefly in to truth it in love. Cf. truthify v. 1. Obsolete. rare (in later use chiefly U.S.).Chiefly with reference or allusion to Ephesians 4:15 (see note in etymology). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > truthfulness, veracity > speak truly [verb (intransitive)] say-wellc1390 truth1604 now you're shouting1876 to come (also get) down to tin tacks1921 level1921 1604 A. Willet Thes. Ecclesiæ ix. 106 Saint Paul therefore saith, ἀλαθεύοντες εν̑ ἀγάπη, following the truth in loue, Ephes. 4.15... We must then loue in the truth, and truth it in loue. 1656 S. Winter Serm. Ep. Ded. I have without gall..managed this controversie, truthing it in love. 1702 W. Bagshaw De Spiritualibus Pecci 5 To speak or write the truth in Love, or as some well render the Phrase to Truth it in Love, is my desire and design. 1728 J. Barker Death True Christian's Gain 35 He was fully persuaded that there was no Contradiction between being Orthodox and Catholick; he was for Truthing it in Love. 1864 G. C. McWhorter Church Ess. 106 The man who always strives to truth it in love will certainly be true as far as fallen man can be. 1910 N.Y. Observer 1 Sept. 267/2 In each case alike He ‘truthed it in love’. b. intransitive. U.S. colloquial and regional. To tell the truth. ΚΠ 1888 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Disp. 27 Aug. 6/6 ‘Hip! Ar' ye truthin?’ exclaimed the girl as she sprang up. 1920 ‘R. de Conval’ Fair Lady of Halifax xxxi. 196 ‘I'm not fussin'. I'm truthin'.’ ‘You'se a dogeatin' liar.’ 1993 J. Womack Random Acts of Senseless Violence 237 She was lying not truthing. †4. transitive. With object complement. To describe (something) with truth as being what is expressed by the complement; to name or call truly. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > foundation in fact, validity > describe truly [verb (transitive)] truth1638 valorize1921 1638 J. Ford Fancies ii. 24 The ancients, Who chatted of the golden age, fein'd trifles. Had they dream't this, they would have truth'd it heav'n. †5. transitive. To bring into correct position or alignment. Cf. truth n. 11, true v. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > adaptation or adjustment > adapt or adjust [verb (transitive)] > adjust for accuracy rectify?a1560 regulate1665 tune1814 true1838 truth1874 set1879 1874 U.S. Patent 147,678 2/1 The screw for leveling or truthing the shaft. 1889 Engineer 1 Nov. 370/3 When these wheels are keyed or bored they ought to be ‘truthed’ to the centre line of the V. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adv.int.eOEv.?c1250
随便看	debye–hückel theory debye–scherrer method dec dec- deca deca- deca-carbon decacanthous decacarbon decacarbon series decacera decacerate decacerous decachinnate decachord decachordon decachords decacuminate decad decadactylous decadal decadarch decadarchy decadary decadation

truthn.adv.int.

Phrases

Compounds

truthv.