actualadj.n.
/ˈak(t)ʃʊəl/, /ˈak(t)ʃ(ᵿ)l/, U.S. /ˈæk(t)ʃ(əw)əl/ A. adj.† 4. Active, energetic, vigorous. Obsolete. rare.
1. Chiefly Theology. Characteristic of or relating to acts or action; exhibited in or arising from deeds; practical, active. Now chiefly in actual grace n. and actual sin n. at Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > [adjective] > relating to or characterized by acts or deeds
actualc1350
commissive1614
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 104 Þys senne comeþ nauȝt of þy ken..þys lerede men..clypyeþ hyt ‘actuel’.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §283 Thus is synne acompliced..by consentynge, and thanne is the synne cleped actuel.
c1434 J. Drury Eng. Writings in Speculum (1934) 9 78 Þe sacrament of baptem clensitz child or man receyuyng it fro synne original & actual.
a1535 T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. (1557) 1284 Original syn without actual adioyned thereto dampned the kynde of man.
?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing Ep. Ded. sig. A.ijv The Lambe that taketh awai our sinnes, original and actual.
a1600 R. Hooker Learned Disc. (1612) xxi. 26 Actuall, that holynesse which afterwards beautifieth all the parts and actions of our life.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. i. 12 In this slumbry agitation, besides her walking, and other actuall performances, what (at any time) haue you heard her say? View more context for this quotation
1647 H. More Philos. Poems ii. ii. ii. xxxviii So when the present actuall centrall life Of sense and motion is gone.
1708 R. Farington Two Great Comprehensive Dutys Christianity 42 We may come to see our Original Sin, and actual Transgressions.
1743 J. Seed Disc. Several Important Subj. I. vii. 162 All the habitual Knowledge in the World, without an actual Application of what we do know.
1830 Biblical Repertory Oct. 495 The Pelagians strenuously maintained that all sins were actual, or consisted in acts.
1855 F. W. Faber Growth in Holiness (ed. 2) xxii. 403 They [sc. seven supernatural gifts of the Holy Ghost] are played upon according to the needs of our spiritual life by what are called the actual impulses of the Holy Ghost.
1935 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Oct. 208 As regards the ‘contentual’ and the ‘actual’ views, the former characterized the works of Sully and Volkmann... The psychology of ‘acts’ on the other hand, was inspired by Brentano.
2002 J. M. Huels in G. Glen Recovering Riches of Anointing 88 Baptism takes away all sins, original and actual, mortal and venial.
2.
a. Existing in fact, real; carried out, acted in reality. Opposed to potential, possible, ideal, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [adjective]
present1340
actuala1398
absolutec1443
effectualc1475
bodilya1616
effective1620
deedy1781
real lifec1819
positive1831
factual1846
transactional1858
entitative1862
real world1963
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. xi. xi. 589 Snow watir by his potencial and actual cooldenesse [L. potentiali & actuali frigiditate] refreyneþ and byndiþ flux of þe wombe.
c1450 (?c1425) St. Christina in Anglia (1885) 8 123 (MED) After þat spirituel felynge, whan þe actuel felynges come to hir kynde ageyne.
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1879) VII. 161 The kynge lyvede in alle his dayes with owte eny actualle fleschly synne with woman [L. sine mulieris contagio.]
1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xxii. xxiv. 907 And brings the potentiall formes into such actuall decorum.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxviii. 244 By comparison with their own actuall miseries.
1728 Some Considerations Nature & Importance E.-India Trade iv. 67 So many Subjects being in mean or necessitous Circumstances, and either an actual or a possible Load on their Country.
1774 A. Gerard Ess. Genius iii. ii. 334 Rendering the picture a just and striking representation of the standard, whether actual or ideal, which the artist had in view.
1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. viii. 661 The nominal revenue was but a portion of the actual proceeds.
1870 J. Tyndall Heat (ed. 4) v. §154, 131 It may be called actual energy in antithesis to possible.
1934 Brit. Birds 28 177 A series of ‘climographs’ of the combinations of night and day air temperature, possible and actual sunshine, precipitation and wind velocity.
1958 Geogr. Rev. 48 5 By relating actual to potential use the capability of the land to support population..can be measured.
1993 Collins Compl. DIY Man. (new ed.) vii. 292/3 Make sure that the bill gives an actual reading and not an estimate.
b. As an intensifier.
(a) In weakened use, emphasizing the exact or particular identity of a following noun: precise, exact. Cf. very adj. 10b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [adjective] > going into detail > specially mentioned or indicated > precisely
precisec1443
specific1766
specifical1768
actual1793
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adjective] > real, actual
substantial1656
true1735
unfiguratea1752
actual1869
your actual ——1966
1793 J. Douglas Nenia Britannica 132 Casual discoveries of this nature seldom fall into the hands of literary men who have attended the actual spot where the discovery was made.
1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad lv. 601 I touch, with reverent finger, the actual spot where the infant Jesus lay, but I think—nothing.
1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 18 Aug. 1/3 The actual form on which the message was written is put into a little cloth box, called a carrier, and blown through a tube to the central telegraph office.
1934 J. B. Priestley Eng. Journey vii. 213 For most of the people engaged in it..the actual work here is not so interesting as that in the factories I explored later.
1976 G. Gordon 100 Scenes from Married Life 37 Look, I'm sorry, friend of Ferdy Linden, at this actual moment I think you look idiotic and I find you boring.
2007 Biloxi (Mississippi) Sun Herald (Nexis) 16 Nov. Prosecutors never provided testimony or evidence proving Foxworth was the actual man who shot Turner.
(b) colloquial (chiefly British). your actual ——: used to emphasize the authentic or archetypal status of the specified thing; genuine, real, typical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > prototype > [adjective]
protoplasta1525
archetypal1642
prototypal1649
prototypical1650
protoplastica1652
pattern1657
archical1678
archetypous1683
archetypical1737
prototypic1855
prototype1880
your actual ——1966
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adjective] > real, actual
substantial1656
true1735
unfiguratea1752
actual1869
your actual ——1966
1966 B. Took & M. Feldman Round the Horne (1974) 97 Well chacun à son goût—that's your actual French you know.
1973 Time Out 2 Mar. 14/1 It was somewhere beyond extreme rudeness, but short of your actual NAS physical assault.
1986 R. Sproat Stunning the Punters 103 Your actual Wild Romantic Gael was lying out on the hill after Culloden getting his Wild Romantic Arse frozen off.
2007 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 6 Jan. This isn't some third-world gangster state and they're far too civilised to trample on our freedoms like your actual practising dictator.
3. Medicine. Designating a cauterizing agent having the form of a red-hot implement; performed using such an agent; contrasted with potential (cf. potential adj. 2). Chiefly in actual cautery. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > cauterizing > [noun]
searing1395
actual cauterya1400
adustion?a1425
brandingc1440
cauterification?1541
cauterizing?1541
cautery1575
cauterization1579
cautering1580
ustion1588
burninga1610
cauterism1640
inustion1684
moxibustion1833
the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > other surgical equipment > [noun] > cautery
cultellary?a1425
olivary?a1425
cultelere?c1425
branding-ironc1440
burning-iron1483
cautera1533
actual?1541
cautelayre?1541
searing-iron1541
cautery1543
actual cautery1575
cauterizing iron1575
olive cautery1598
back-cauter1611
cauting-iron1688
brand1692
gamma1809
thermo-cautery1879
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 305 (MED) He knowiþ not þe difference bitwixe a cauterie þat is clepid actuel & potencial [L. layci..inter actuale et potentiale cauterium non discernunt.].
1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 234 If these receytes and skowrings yeelde no remedie, then must you to the actual cauterie.
1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 326 Let the Chirurgion hold a great actual Cautery in his hand.
1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random II. xlvi. 110 Banter prescribed the actual cautery, and put the poker in the fire.
1874 Manufacturer & Builder Dec. 278/2 He proposes to use for actual cautery a large spirit blow-pipe.
2000 A. Wear Knowl. & Pract. Eng. Med. v. 242 Paré had popularised the use of the potential cautery over the actual cautery.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > brisk or active
sprindeOE
whata1000
braga1350
prestc1390
yarea1400
stirringc1400
startingc1440
actious1441
actuala1470
activea1522
queemc1540
skeetc1540
lively1567
alive-like1582
pragmatical1590
spruce1590
agilious1599
brisk1599
sprightly?c1599
brisky1600
alives-like1601
alacrious1602
smart1602
eyebright1603
whisking1611
deedy1615
vibrant1616
sprunt1631
perking1653
alert1654
exilient1654
alacrative1657
eveillé1676
budge1691
jaunty1705
spry1746
sprack1747
alive1748
high-geared1795
rash1805
spicy1828
live1830
deedful1834
yary1855
sprucy1858
alacritous1859
sprackish1882
brash1884
up-and-coming1889
up and doing1901
loose1907
bright-eyed and bushy-tailed1936
buzzy1978
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 34 ‘I woll welle,’ seyde kynge Arthure, ‘for I se youre dedys full actuall.’
5. Originally Scottish. In operation or existence at the time; present, current. Now rare.In later use sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense A. 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the present (time) > [adjective]
present1340
nowa1393
presentary?a1425
unrun1474
modernc1485
hodiern?a1513
actual1525
modernal1542
instantc1550
this1582
immediate1605
current1608
nowadays1609
nowaday1632
hodiernal1656
living1659
running1659
daily1663
existent1676
existing1827
present-day1833
presential1878
today1908
1525 King James V in Rep. Univ. Comm., St. Andrews (1837) 180 The rector, regentis, and actuall studentis within the said Universite.
1599 in Evidence Commissioners Univ. Scotl. (1837) III. 199 That there shall be hereafter ane dean..elected..be the actual doctors professing theologie within the universitie.
c1600 J. Balfour Practicks (1754) 614 That all provestis, maisteris, regentis, and uther studentis..makand actual residence..within ony universities within this realme sall be fre..fra all taxatiounis.
1641 R. Carpenter Experience, Hist., & Divinitie ii. vii. 162 If a man finde his wife in the actuall commission of Adultery, he may kill both his wife, and the Adulterer.
1783 (title) A dialogue on the actual state of Parliament.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 78 If this be your actual situation, compared to the situation to which you were called. View more context for this quotation
1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. v. 52 The tertiary epoch has been divided into three periods in the tables; we shall, however, endeavour to establish four, all distinct from the actual period, or that which has elapsed since the earth has been tenanted by man.
1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country ii. 132 Never constructed as receptacle..for him their actual lord.
1880 A. Geikie Elem. Lessons Physical Geogr. (new ed.) i. 3, 21 No telescope has yet detected any actual volcanic eruption going on in the moon.
1910 Theosophist Mag. Mar. 811 Lieutenant Borzi, the actual president, and ex-president Avv. G. Sottile..had already done much to revive the temporary languor of the Palermo Lodge.
B. n.† 1. Medicine. A red-hot implement used to perform a cauterization. Also figurative. Cf. sense A. 3. Contrasted with potential n. 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > other surgical equipment > [noun] > cautery
cultellary?a1425
olivary?a1425
cultelere?c1425
branding-ironc1440
burning-iron1483
cautera1533
actual?1541
cautelayre?1541
searing-iron1541
cautery1543
actual cautery1575
cauterizing iron1575
olive cautery1598
back-cauter1611
cauting-iron1688
brand1692
gamma1809
thermo-cautery1879
?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens iv. sig. Oiijv Whiche cauteres are the surest, the actualles, or the potencyalles? Answere. The actualles, bycause ye action of fyre is moste simple.
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xii. 203 And thinkest thou then that he [sc. God] neglecteth his cure, because thou seest not the searing yron in his hand? Or that his potentials (as the Surgions terme them) are not stronger than thyne actuals [Fr. actuels]?
2. In plural. Actual qualities or circumstances.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] > reality or quality of being real > real qualities
actuals1602
sobrieties1826
1602 A. Copley Another Let. to Dis-iesuited Kinseman 70 The actuals of my life haue not bin so conformable to this my professed faith as they ought.
1799 tr. I. Kant Ess. & Treat. II. 242 The internal possibility of other actuals is given..in the same manner as the position of contradiction is its first logical ground.
1809 E. Williams Ess. Equity Divine Govt. 497 The science of number and quantity is of itself very extensive, and of great use to society, having also actuals as well as possibles for its objects.
1852 C. W. Elliott Mysteries 115 Let us pray to God that if, in any thing he will listen to us, it may be to avert us from the actuals of these ideals!
a1902 S. Butler Way of All Flesh (1903) vii. 31 He may have had an ill-defined sense of ideals that were not his actuals.
1958 I. Leclerc Whitehead's Metaphysics iv. xvi. 197 How is it possible for abstract eternal objects, unrealized in any actuals, to be ‘relevant’ and thus ‘potential’?
2003 K. Fine in M. J. Loux & D. W. Zimmerman Oxf. Handbk. Metaphysics 171 The assumption that there could be as many actuals as possibles is untenable.
3. With the. That which is actual or real; actuality, reality.
ΚΠ
1832 T. Carlyle in Fraser's Mag. May 387/1 Ennoble the Actual into Idealness.
1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. 3rd Ser. vii. 90 There is every difference between the ideal and the actual—between what a man aims to be and what he is.
1904 B. Russell in Mind 13 574 They stimulate the imagination, and free the intellect from the shackles of the actual.
1995 N. Strossen Defending Pornography viii. 170 The distinction between the imagined and the actual, between fantasy and reality, should be crystal clear.
4. Accounting. In plural. Actual figures for expenses incurred or income received, as opposed to targeted, budgeted, or projected amounts.
ΚΠ
1863 Accts. & Papers House of Commons XII. x. 218 The present financial review is not..confined to a comparison of the actual results of the preceding official year with the estimated results of the year which has just closed, but a comparison of the actuals of 1860–61, with the actuals of 1861-62.
1885 Rep. Polit. Admin. Rajputana States for 1884–85 156 It was not..till May 1885..that the actuals of income and expenditure..were obtained.
1936 Covina (Calif.) Citizen 21 Aug. 1/8 The auditor presented estimates based on actuals for the past year.
1979 V. Kumar Commitees & Comm. in India 1947–73 VIII. 97/2 The budget of the Building Department should be more carefully scrutinised..with a view to ensuring that actuals do not vary unreasonably from the estimates.
2009 Brockville (Ont.) Recorder & Times (Nexis) 13 Mar. a6 Actuals are available for the previous year as well as budget for previous year and current year.
5. Finance. In plural. (The exchange of) commodities which are available for immediate delivery, as opposed to contracts for futures trading; (also) the commodities underlying a futures contract. Cf. physical adj. 10, physical n. 5.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > types of
redeemables1720
government bond1737
corporate bond1810
trustee security1859
international1863
foreigners1883
most active list1885
gilt-edge1900
actual1908
heavies1922
toxic waste1922
gilt-edged1930
prior charge1930
short1932
gilt1936
performer1939
tap1948
energy security1960
fallen angel1963
medium1968
physicals1974
underperformer1975
taplet1982
1908 Economist 21 Nov. 1010/2 Jute opened depressed... Native firsts, December–January, sold £15 to 15 2s 6d (actuals ditto, £15 5s).
1924 Los Angeles Times 19 Jan. i. 17/2 Buyers offered 4 3-4 cents cost and freight for actuals but sellers' views were firm at 4 7-8 cents and no business resulted.
1931 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 155 125/1 He is obliged to pay a higher price for his actuals than his futures on the Exchange.
1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia IV. 994/2 Trade in primary goods may take the form of a normal exchange of goods for money as in any everyday transactions (referred to technically as trade in ‘actuals’), or may be conducted by means of futures contracts.
2003 China Law & Pract. (Nexis) Sept. If a dispute arises over the delivery of actuals, the place of domicile of the futures exchange shall be the place of performance of the contract.
Phrases
in actual fact: in reality, contrary to expectation or appearance; (more generally) really, actually, as a matter of fact. Cf. fact n., int., and adv. Phrases 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [adverb]
in truthc1330
in faitha1375
in good faitha1393
in casea1398
in effectc1405
indeed1412
effectually1420
actually?a1425
really?a1425
of a truth1494
bottom1531
for a truth?1532
in fact1592
authentically1593
in esse1597
de facto1602
essentially1604
in nature1605
in point of fact1628
positively1649
in point of event1650
effectively1652
honestly1675
entally1691
reely1792
objectively1796
fairlyc1804
in actual fact1824
factually1852
naturally1858
transactionally1866
'smatter of fact1922
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > in fact, actually
in, of feata1400
in effectc1405
effectually1420
really?a1425
literallyc1429
(by) matter in deed1447
indeed1535
in fact1592
merely1596
de facto1602
essentially1604
in point of fact1628
upon1644
in point of event1650
effectively1652
in matter of fact1709
absolutelya1712
substantially1753
actually1762
positively1800
in actual fact1824
factually1852
as matter of fact1871
fair dinkum1891
dinkum1894
'smatter of fact1922
basically1927
1824 C. Pitt Ess. Philos. Christianity II. ii. 99 In actual fact, God hath provided for bias and tendencies.
1838 Times 1 Feb. 5/6 On Monday..this city was..suddenly invested by a band of armed rebels, amounting, according to report, to 3,000 men (but in actual fact about 500).
1885 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 103 118 In actual fact,..the estimates of national income are not available for such comparisons.
1941 B. Miller Farewell Leicester Square vi. 125 Although all artists beg for candour, it is in actual fact, the last thing that they can tolerate.
1959 P. Bull I know Face iii. 54 In actual fact we should have been sitting pretty, as the get-out was only £663 a week.
1991 A. A. Aidoo Changes ix. 73 He would sit behind his desk,..pretending he was working. In actual fact he was thinking about Esi.
2003 Bird Keeper June 7/1 In actual fact, the European black and the cinereous vulture are one and the same species, Aegypius monachus.
Compounds
actual bodily harm n. British Law minor physical injury inflicted on a person by the deliberate action of another, considered less serious than grievous bodily harm (cf. grievous bodily harm at grievous adj. 3b); (also occasionally) emotional trauma so inflicted; abbreviated ABH.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > unlawful violence
mayhem1447
forcea1481
mutilation1517
actual bodily harm1837
grievous bodily harm1861
ABH1975
1837 Times 24 Mar. 3/6 Robbery, and attempts to rob, accompanied by cutting, stabbing, wounding, or doing actual bodily harm.
1945 Weekly Notes 24 Mar. 71/1 [He] said that persons who were not acquainted with the jumble into which sentences in this country had got might be surprised to learn that an assault with intent to commit rape was not punishable by nearly as heavy a sentence as an assault occasioning actual bodily harm.
1977 Abingdon Herald 17 Mar. 17/2 At Didcot on Friday, [he]..admitted assaulting [the victim] and causing him actual bodily harm.
1991 A. Ashworth Princ. Criminal Law viii. §5 301 If the man uses force or inflicts emotional shock on his wife in order to obtain sex, he is liable to conviction for assault occasioning actual bodily harm.
2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) ix. 193 Research shows that police are more likely to overcharge black arrestees..charging them with assault occasioning grievous bodily harm rather than actual bodily harm.
actual cost n. the real expenditures incurred in buying or producing something, esp. as opposed to a budgeted or estimated cost.
ΚΠ
1778 Let. 22 Jan. in Rep. Select Comm. Accts. App. 55 To turn the contract into an agency, when accounts of the actual cost are to be rendered, is an utter impossibility.
1828 W. Mason Rep. Federal Circuit Court U.S.: 1st Circuit 3 70 Is it to be the actual cost of the repairs, or the actual cost, deducting one-third new for old?
1871 Insurance on Mutual Contrib. Plan (Protection Life Insurance Co., Chicago) 11 Insurance is still obtained at actual cost on the mutual contribution system.
1936 N. L. Burton Introd. Cost Accounting vii. 109 When the first-in, first-out method is used, goods received are entered at actual cost—invoice price plus freight, etc.
2005 D. J. Oyer Pricing & Cost Accounting (ed. 2) iii. 50/1 In a process system, costs are assigned either at actual cost or at a standard cost.
actual energy n. Physics (now rare) energy possessed by a moving body or active substance by virtue of its motion or activity, as opposed to potential energy; (sometimes) spec. = kinetic energy at kinetic adj. 2a.
ΚΠ
1853 W. J. M. Rankine in London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 5 106 Actual energy is a measurable, transferable, and transformable affection of a substance, the presence of which causes the substance to tend to change its state in one or more respects.
1903 I. Kaufman Origin & Econ. Energy in Universe 20 When it does return to the earth, and actual energy is realized, is it not because work has been done on it in its descent by the earth?
1983 S. King Pet Sematary lvi. 328 Poor guy finds forward motion harder and harder, until at last the potential energy of the rubber band equalizes the actual energy of the runner.
actual grace n. [after post-classical Latin gratia actualis (1616); compare French grâce actuelle (1658)] Theology a grace bestowed by God for the performance of good deeds (also as a mass noun); cf. habitual grace at habitual adj. 1(b).
ΚΠ
1631 R. Bolton Instr. Right Comf. Affl. Consciences 166 These [dispositions] are better then common Gifts, yet not actuall Graces.
1767 A. Bedingfield Short Acct. Life Mary of Holy Cross 126 An Habit of praying..acquired by a Preparation of the Soul, holy Attention to God, and repeated fervent Acts of devout Prayer, with the Succour of actual Graces.
1890 J. Wilhelm & T. B. Scannell Man. Catholic Theol. I. iii. ii. i. 437 Around this [Habitual] Grace are grouped all other salutary Graces especially ‘Actual Grace’.
1957 F. L. Cross Oxf. Dict. Christian Church 577/1 Actual grace, a certain motion of the soul, bestowed by God ad hoc for the production of some good act. It may exist in the unbaptized.
2004 B. Ghezzi Sign of Cross 11 The divine intervention that gave him hope to endure the gulag was an actual grace.
actual jurisdiction n. chiefly Roman Catholic Church jurisdiction exercised through acts of authority, as opposed to that conferred in theory; cf. habitual jurisdiction at habitual adj. 1(c).
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical authority > [noun]
spiritualtya1387
prelacyc1425
spritualitya1450
spiritualityc1450
actual jurisdiction1607
episcopy1641
episcopacy1659
1607 G. Blackwell Large Exam. Lambeth 108 If the authoritie, and Iurisdiction of the Pope, be taken for that which hee hath potestate potentially, it extendeth it selfe ouer all the world: but if his actuall Iurisdiction be taken,..it is said to bee as great as the whole Christian world.
1656 J. Bramhall Replic. to Bishop of Chalcedon iv. 160 With the Romanists themselves I distinguish between habituall and actuall Jurisdiction. Habituall Jurisdiction is derived only by ordination. Actuall Jurisdiction, is a right to exercise that habit, arising from the lawfull application of the matter or subject.
1866 Union Rev. 4 276 As ‘actual jurisdiction’ is nothing but habitual jurisdiction in legitimate action, the latter is something much more than a capacity for receiving the former.
1975 S. Poole tr. B. de las Casas Def. Indians vi. 62 The Pope..has nothing to do with judging those outside [the Church]. Therefore he has no actual jurisdiction over these persons. However, as soon as they enter Christ's sheepfold they belong to the jurisdiction of the Christian Church.
actual neurosis n. [after German Aktualneurose (Freud 1898, in Wiener klinische Rundschau 13 Feb. 103/2)] Psychology (now chiefly historical) (Freud's term for) a neurosis attributed to sexual frustration in the present (due to abstinence, impotence, etc.), rather than to repressed childhood disturbances; cf. psychoneurosis n.Freud originally identified anxiety neurosis and neurasthenia as the actual neuroses; he later added hypochondria.
ΚΠ
1910 Jrnl. Abnormal Psychol. 5 57 Freud divides the neuroses into psycho and actual neuroses. The psychoneuroses comprise hysteria and compulsion neurosis (doubts, obsessions, and phobias), while the actual neuroses include neurasthenia and anxiety neurosis.
1932 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 27 Feb. 373/1 The two main divisions are: regression (fixation) neuroses, and actual neuroses.
2000 J. Mitchell Mad Men & Medusas ii. 53 ‘Actual neuroses’—a term little used today—were thought to be caused by current sexual difficulties such as enforced abstinence.
actual representation n. political representation of a group or constituency who have voted for those who represent them; cf. virtual representation n. at virtual adj. and n. Compounds.
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a1754 J. Strange Rep. Cases (1755) 2 1058 Even in Parliament there was not an actual representation of all orders and degrees of men, there being more subjects who do not vote in elections, than who do.
1774 J. Gray Right Brit. Legislature to tax Amer. Colonies Vindicated 3 The colonists have advanced those propositions as a most formidable phalanx in defence of the doctrine, that in a free state there can be no taxation but by personal assent, or actual representation.
1866 Spectator 28 Apr. 457/1 The true working class,—the artisan class that is fit and eager for representation,—gaining thereby only about as much actual representation as the untrue working class,—the class of mechanics willing to accept bribes because they have no political ideas.
1898 Arena Sept. 480 The English doctrine remains to this day ‘virtual representation’. The American doctrine soon became ‘actual representation,’ and without that no power to levy taxes.
1917 C. M. Walsh Feminism viii. 263 As now used by some woman suffragists, the principle has acquired the sense of No taxation without actual representation.
1999 S. Tamale in E. K. Quashigah & O. C. Okafor Legitimate Governance in Afr. viii. 253 Guinier..urges minority groups never to settle for virtual representation but instead to demand ‘actual’ representation.
actual settler n. North American (now historical) a person who settles and occupies a plot of land in a new territory, as distinguished from a land-speculator, landlord, etc.
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1779 in J. R. Robertson Petitions Early Inhabitants Kentucky (1914) 51 [We] pray that every Actual settler..may be entituled to Draw a free lott.
1838 C. Newell Hist. Revol. Texas 187 To such purchasers as never settled in Texas, it is evident that the scrip could have been of no use; because none but actual settlers could hold land in Texas.
1894 Ann. Iowa July 491 Whether..[the resolution] should apply to those who are actual settlers now, or those who were actual settlers at the time they purchased.
1934 J. B. Hedges Federal Railway Land Subsidy Policy Canada iv. 120 The sale of land to actual settlers, with appropriate inducements..to those who would go into occupation of the land.
2001 Social Hist. 26 110 Different groups of speculators drew their lines on the map with regard to pre-existing claims. When actual settlers moved onto these lands as purchasers, tenants or squatters, they were buffeted by conflicting land titles.
actual sin n. [after post-classical Latin peccatum actuale (5th cent.); compare Anglo-Norman peché actuel (1325–50)] Theology sin committed through a person's own actions; opposed to original sin (see original sin n. at original adj. and n. Compounds 2); (also) an instance of this.
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society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > sin > kinds of sin > [noun] > actual
actual sin1494
life-sina1641
1494 W. Hilton Scala Perfeccionis (de Worde) ii. vii. sig. i.vii (heading) Thorugh the sacrament of penaunce..this ymage is refourmed fro actuall synne.
1557 R. Edgeworth Serm. very Fruitfull f. cxix By this regeneration also all actuall synnes, mortall and veniall be cleane forgeuen.
1658 A. Burgess Doctr. Orig. Sin iii. ix. 407 We may conclude, that all kind of actual sinne, whether internal or external, soul sinnes, or body-sinnes, do either mediately, or immediately flow from it [sc. original sin].
1723 J. Reynolds Inq. State & Œcon. Angelical Worlds xxxvii. 269 It cannot be said, that any Human Person that lived to the Age of Discretion, and Capacity of committing actual Sin, did go out of the World chargeable only with the Guilt of one single Sin.
1859 Catechism Christian Doctr. 18 Q. How many kinds of sin are there? A. Two; original and actual... Q. What is actual sin? A. Every sin which we ourselves commit.
1957 F. L. Cross Oxf. Dict. Christian Church 14/2 Actual sin, a sin, whether of commission or omission, which is the outcome of a free personal act of the individual will.
2004 R. A. Peterson in C. W. Morgan & R. A. Peterson Hell under Fire vii. 164 Original sin is more ultimate than actual sins, because it is the reason why actual sins occur.
actual size n. full scale (used to denote the representation or reproduction of an object without reduction or enlargement).
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society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram > full scale
actual size1840
1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 91/1 (caption) Coin of Philippus. British Museum. Actual size.
1901 T. Walton Steel Ships vii. 180 His domain is the mould loft, where..he proceeds to reproduce the ‘lines’ plan upon the loft floor to actual size.
1987 Graphics World Nov.–Dec. 31/2 When drawing up the artwork it should be done at actual size (or reduced to actual size) to ensure that the image will work on such a small scale.
2008 Manly Daily (Austral.) (Nexis) 27 Mar. 23 Every vein on a leaf or minuscule hair on a stem is detailed and drawn to actual size.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.n.c1350