turbinen.

Brit.

/ˈtəːbʌɪn/,

/ˈtəːbᵻn/, U.S.

/ˈtərˌbaɪn/,

/ˈtərbən/

Etymology: < French turbine, < Latin turbo , turbin-em : see turbo n.

a. Originally applied to a wheel revolving on a vertical axis, and driven by a column of water falling into its interior, and escaping by pipes, channels, or apertures, so arranged as to press by reaction on the periphery of the wheel, and cause it to revolve in the direction opposite to that of the escaping water. Now applied to any kind of machine in which this principle (sometimes combined with that of direct impact) is used or developed; the modifications and developments are very numerous, many of these being of highly complicated structure, in which neither the horizontality of the wheel nor the motive power is retained.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun]

turbine1838

turbine engine1900

turbo1904

1824 Burdin in Bull. Soc. Encouragem. July 256 Machines rotatoires à grande vitesse nommées turbines hydrauliques.]

1838 Railway Mag. IV. 51 Turbine.—An instrument under this name has lately been invented by M. Fourneyron, worked by water-pressure, which is said to have made a great sensation in Germany.

1838 Railway Mag. IV. 51 It is said that a turbine, only thirteen inches diameter,..under a vertical pressure of water of 118 yards, revolved 2,300 times in a minute, and..realized a power, which estimated in steam, would be equal to that of sixty horses.

1842 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 5 266/1 The mechanical construction of the Turbine is..given, and its action..described.

1861 O. W. Holmes Voice of Loyal North 33 'Tis hard..To see the rusting turbines stand Before the emptied flumes.

1861 W. J. M. Rankine Man. Steam Engine 189.

1881 W. C. Unwin in Encycl. Brit. XII. 524/2 The Scotch turbine..differs in no essential respect from the older form of reaction wheel.

1884 Athenæum 16 Aug. 212/2 A well-constructed water-wheel or turbine can..be worked with far greater economy than steam.

1897 Spectator 4 Sept. There are at Niagara single turbines which produce 5000 horse-power.

b. More fully steam-turbine: A steam motor in which rotatory motion is produced by steam impinging directly upon a series of vanes upon the circumference of a revolving cylinder or disk (or, in some types, acting and reacting alternately on moving and stationary elements).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun] > driven by steam

turbine1900

1900 Engineer 2 Feb. 127/3 The main applications of the De Laval steam turbine are:—(1) Turbine motors, driving machinery direct by means of belts or ropes; (2) Turbine dynamos, the dynamos being placed on the second motion shafts or a prolongation of the same; (3) turbine pumps..and (4) turbine exhaust and pressure fans or ventilators.

1900 N. Brit. Daily Mail 30 Jan. 4 That is the whole secret of the turbine. In the modern application of it the steam blows upon the shaft and the shaft turns, and by an ingenious application of blades the steam which enters the first turbine when it leaves the boiler at a pressure of 225 lbs. to the square inch is utilised till the value of the last pound is all used up.

1905 Westm. Gaz. 16 Mar. 10/1 The dynamo is coupled directly to a Parsons turbine, which has introduced great changes and great economies in the driving of huge electrical plants.

c. A centrifugal separator used in sugar manufacture.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > sugar manufacture > [noun] > other equipment

coolera1550

tache1657

clarifier1822

defecator1839

granulator1839

monte-jus1848

tiger1864

turbine1873

1873 W. Besant & J. Rice My Little Girl ii. x. 116 The sweet, rich smell of the sugar; the huge vats of seething, foaming juice, and the whirling turbines.

d. = gas turbine n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun] > driven by gas

gas turbine1885

turbine1904

1904 Inst. Mech. Engineers: Proc. Oct. 1078 Some or all of the available heat energy of the gas can be converted into kinetic energy before causing it to act on the turbine.

1940 A. W. Judge Aircraft Engines I. vii. 231 An alternative method of driving the supercharger is to couple it directly to an exhaust turbine of the de Laval type.

1950 E. T. Vincent Theory & Design Gas Turbines & Jet Engines vi. 161 The power-plant turbine can be divided into the following units: (1) compressor, (2) combustion chamber, (3) turbine, and (4) regenerator.

1971 B. Scharf Engin. & its Lang. xv. 215 After expansion in the turbine, the combustion gases escape at high velocity through the jet pipe, thus providing the forward thrust for the aeroplane.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

turbine blade n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun] > parts of > blades

blade1887

blading1906

turbine blade1911

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 843/2 The general arrangement of the steam nozzle and turbine blades is illustrated.

1977 R.A.F. News 11 May 18/2 A pair of turbine blades from an Orpheus jet engine.

turbine dynamo n.

ΚΠ

1900¹Turbine dynamo [see sense b].

turbine dynamometer n.

turbine engine n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun]

turbine1838

turbine engine1900

turbo1904

1900 Engineer 16 Feb. 170/1 The turbine engines are similar to those of the Turbinia.

1901 Scotsman 20 Sept. 4/4 The new turbine engines..were built to secure a speed of 35 knots.

turbine governor n.

ΚΠ

1906 J. W. Thurso Mod. Turbine Pract. 147 Of great importance in connection with turbine governors is the time of closing.

turbine machinery n.

ΚΠ

1900 Engineer 2 Nov. 444/3 Turbine machinery occupying less space than the present cramped-up reciprocating engines.

1904 Daily Chron. 3 June 6/6 It has yet to be proved that turbine machinery is suitable for the propulsion of cargo vessels where speed is not a great requisite.

turbine mill n.

turbine motor n.

ΚΠ

1900 Engineer 2 Feb. 127/3 A steam consumption as low as 13·9 lb. of steam per brake horse-power on a 300 horse-power steam turbine motor.

turbine principle n.

ΚΠ

1901 Engineer 11 Jan. 45/1 The first absolute decision to adopt the turbine principle in a large passenger vessel.

turbine shaft n.

ΚΠ

1887 D. A. Low Introd. Machine Drawing (1892) 120 Bearing for a turbine shaft.

1900 Engineer 2 Feb. 127/3 The pinion on the turbine shaft gears into two wheels on opposite sides.

turbine top n.

turbine wheel n. (also turbine water wheel)

ΚΠ

1860 R. W. Emerson Worship in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 183 There is faith in chemistry, in meat, and wine, in..turbine-wheels,..but not in divine causes.

turbine-driven adj.

ΚΠ

1900 Engineer 22 June 645/2 This will be the largest turbine-driven generating set ever built.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 19 June 4/3 The adaptability of the turbine-driven steamship for passenger traffic was tested on the Clyde yesterday.

turbine-engined adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [adjective]

turbine-engined1902

1902 Daily Chron. 12 Nov. 7/2 At the present time there is only one turbine-engined war-vessel in the world. This is H.M.S. Velox.

1904 Longman's Mag. Jan. 214 Two new cross-channel steamers..are turbine-engined.

turbine-like adj.

ΚΠ

1907 Westm. Gaz. 11 Nov. 6/3 The many advantages of this special type of engine [six-cylinder motor] are its smooth, turbine-like motion.

turbine-propelled adj.

ΚΠ

1906 Westm. Gaz. 3 May 6/3 Only their fast vessels would be turbine-propelled.

c. Driven by a steam-turbine.

turbine boat n.

ΚΠ

1904 Longman's Mag. Jan. 215 The Revolution..the first American-built turbine boat.

turbine destroyer n.

ΚΠ

1900 Engineer 8 June 595/3 The Elswick turbine destroyer, which made 36·88 knots on trial.

turbine steamer n.

ΚΠ

1904 Longman's Mag. Jan. 214 The first Transatlantic turbine steamer.

turbine vessel n.

ΚΠ

1906 Stevens & Hobart Steam Turbine Engin. 12 At high speeds the turbine vessels excel in economy.

turbine yacht n.

C2.

turbine-alternator n. = turbine-generator n.

turbine-generator n. see turbo- comb. form.

turbine-pump n. a turbine waterwheel used to raise water by being driven by external power in the direction opposite to that in which it turns when used as a motor.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > driven by water

waterwheel1408

flood-wheel1515

breast wheel1744

overshot1760

undershot wheel1760

breast-shot1775

bucket-wheel1797

tub-wheel1815

flutter-wheel1817

danaide1825

wheel1842

reaction waterwheel1847

reaction wheel1852

tide-wheel1864

hurdy-gurdy1868

stream-wheel1875

paddle wheela1884

Pelton1885

turbine-pump1900

1900¹Turbine pump [see sense b].

1901 Engineer 11 Jan. 45/1 Turbine propulsion for a new Clyde passenger steamer.

Derivatives

ˈturbined adj. having or propelled by a turbine or turbines (Webster, 1911).

ˈturbiner n. a turbine-driven vessel.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > mechanically propelled vessels > [noun] > propelled by steam engine > by steam turbine

turbiner1905

1905 St. John (New Brunswick) Daily Sun 3 Apr. 1/1 Turbiner Victorian will dock this morning.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	turbine
释义	turbinen. Brit. /ˈtəːbʌɪn/, /ˈtəːbᵻn/, U.S. /ˈtərˌbaɪn/, /ˈtərbən/ Etymology: < French turbine, < Latin turbo , turbin-em : see turbo n. a. Originally applied to a wheel revolving on a vertical axis, and driven by a column of water falling into its interior, and escaping by pipes, channels, or apertures, so arranged as to press by reaction on the periphery of the wheel, and cause it to revolve in the direction opposite to that of the escaping water. Now applied to any kind of machine in which this principle (sometimes combined with that of direct impact) is used or developed; the modifications and developments are very numerous, many of these being of highly complicated structure, in which neither the horizontality of the wheel nor the motive power is retained. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun] turbine1838 turbine engine1900 turbo1904 1824 Burdin in Bull. Soc. Encouragem. July 256 Machines rotatoires à grande vitesse nommées turbines hydrauliques.] 1838 Railway Mag. IV. 51 Turbine.—An instrument under this name has lately been invented by M. Fourneyron, worked by water-pressure, which is said to have made a great sensation in Germany. 1838 Railway Mag. IV. 51 It is said that a turbine, only thirteen inches diameter,..under a vertical pressure of water of 118 yards, revolved 2,300 times in a minute, and..realized a power, which estimated in steam, would be equal to that of sixty horses. 1842 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 5 266/1 The mechanical construction of the Turbine is..given, and its action..described. 1861 O. W. Holmes Voice of Loyal North 33 'Tis hard..To see the rusting turbines stand Before the emptied flumes. 1861 W. J. M. Rankine Man. Steam Engine 189. 1881 W. C. Unwin in Encycl. Brit. XII. 524/2 The Scotch turbine..differs in no essential respect from the older form of reaction wheel. 1884 Athenæum 16 Aug. 212/2 A well-constructed water-wheel or turbine can..be worked with far greater economy than steam. 1897 Spectator 4 Sept. There are at Niagara single turbines which produce 5000 horse-power. b. More fully steam-turbine: A steam motor in which rotatory motion is produced by steam impinging directly upon a series of vanes upon the circumference of a revolving cylinder or disk (or, in some types, acting and reacting alternately on moving and stationary elements). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun] > driven by steam turbine1900 1900 Engineer 2 Feb. 127/3 The main applications of the De Laval steam turbine are:—(1) Turbine motors, driving machinery direct by means of belts or ropes; (2) Turbine dynamos, the dynamos being placed on the second motion shafts or a prolongation of the same; (3) turbine pumps..and (4) turbine exhaust and pressure fans or ventilators. 1900 N. Brit. Daily Mail 30 Jan. 4 That is the whole secret of the turbine. In the modern application of it the steam blows upon the shaft and the shaft turns, and by an ingenious application of blades the steam which enters the first turbine when it leaves the boiler at a pressure of 225 lbs. to the square inch is utilised till the value of the last pound is all used up. 1905 Westm. Gaz. 16 Mar. 10/1 The dynamo is coupled directly to a Parsons turbine, which has introduced great changes and great economies in the driving of huge electrical plants. c. A centrifugal separator used in sugar manufacture. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > sugar manufacture > [noun] > other equipment coolera1550 tache1657 clarifier1822 defecator1839 granulator1839 monte-jus1848 tiger1864 turbine1873 1873 W. Besant & J. Rice My Little Girl ii. x. 116 The sweet, rich smell of the sugar; the huge vats of seething, foaming juice, and the whirling turbines. d. = gas turbine n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun] > driven by gas gas turbine1885 turbine1904 1904 Inst. Mech. Engineers: Proc. Oct. 1078 Some or all of the available heat energy of the gas can be converted into kinetic energy before causing it to act on the turbine. 1940 A. W. Judge Aircraft Engines I. vii. 231 An alternative method of driving the supercharger is to couple it directly to an exhaust turbine of the de Laval type. 1950 E. T. Vincent Theory & Design Gas Turbines & Jet Engines vi. 161 The power-plant turbine can be divided into the following units: (1) compressor, (2) combustion chamber, (3) turbine, and (4) regenerator. 1971 B. Scharf Engin. & its Lang. xv. 215 After expansion in the turbine, the combustion gases escape at high velocity through the jet pipe, thus providing the forward thrust for the aeroplane. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. turbine blade n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun] > parts of > blades blade1887 blading1906 turbine blade1911 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 843/2 The general arrangement of the steam nozzle and turbine blades is illustrated. 1977 R.A.F. News 11 May 18/2 A pair of turbine blades from an Orpheus jet engine. turbine dynamo n. ΚΠ 1900¹Turbine dynamo [see sense b]. turbine dynamometer n. turbine engine n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun] turbine1838 turbine engine1900 turbo1904 1900 Engineer 16 Feb. 170/1 The turbine engines are similar to those of the Turbinia. 1901 Scotsman 20 Sept. 4/4 The new turbine engines..were built to secure a speed of 35 knots. turbine governor n. ΚΠ 1906 J. W. Thurso Mod. Turbine Pract. 147 Of great importance in connection with turbine governors is the time of closing. turbine machinery n. ΚΠ 1900 Engineer 2 Nov. 444/3 Turbine machinery occupying less space than the present cramped-up reciprocating engines. 1904 Daily Chron. 3 June 6/6 It has yet to be proved that turbine machinery is suitable for the propulsion of cargo vessels where speed is not a great requisite. turbine mill n. turbine motor n. ΚΠ 1900 Engineer 2 Feb. 127/3 A steam consumption as low as 13·9 lb. of steam per brake horse-power on a 300 horse-power steam turbine motor. turbine principle n. ΚΠ 1901 Engineer 11 Jan. 45/1 The first absolute decision to adopt the turbine principle in a large passenger vessel. turbine shaft n. ΚΠ 1887 D. A. Low Introd. Machine Drawing (1892) 120 Bearing for a turbine shaft. 1900 Engineer 2 Feb. 127/3 The pinion on the turbine shaft gears into two wheels on opposite sides. turbine top n. turbine wheel n. (also turbine water wheel) ΚΠ 1860 R. W. Emerson Worship in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 183 There is faith in chemistry, in meat, and wine, in..turbine-wheels,..but not in divine causes. b. turbine-driven adj. ΚΠ 1900 Engineer 22 June 645/2 This will be the largest turbine-driven generating set ever built. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 19 June 4/3 The adaptability of the turbine-driven steamship for passenger traffic was tested on the Clyde yesterday. turbine-engined adj. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [adjective] turbine-engined1902 1902 Daily Chron. 12 Nov. 7/2 At the present time there is only one turbine-engined war-vessel in the world. This is H.M.S. Velox. 1904 Longman's Mag. Jan. 214 Two new cross-channel steamers..are turbine-engined. turbine-like adj. ΚΠ 1907 Westm. Gaz. 11 Nov. 6/3 The many advantages of this special type of engine [six-cylinder motor] are its smooth, turbine-like motion. turbine-propelled adj. ΚΠ 1906 Westm. Gaz. 3 May 6/3 Only their fast vessels would be turbine-propelled. c. Driven by a steam-turbine. turbine boat n. ΚΠ 1904 Longman's Mag. Jan. 215 The Revolution..the first American-built turbine boat. turbine destroyer n. ΚΠ 1900 Engineer 8 June 595/3 The Elswick turbine destroyer, which made 36·88 knots on trial. turbine steamer n. ΚΠ 1904 Longman's Mag. Jan. 214 The first Transatlantic turbine steamer. turbine vessel n. ΚΠ 1906 Stevens & Hobart Steam Turbine Engin. 12 At high speeds the turbine vessels excel in economy. turbine yacht n. C2. turbine-alternator n. = turbine-generator n. turbine-generator n. see turbo- comb. form. turbine-pump n. a turbine waterwheel used to raise water by being driven by external power in the direction opposite to that in which it turns when used as a motor. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > driven by water waterwheel1408 flood-wheel1515 breast wheel1744 overshot1760 undershot wheel1760 breast-shot1775 bucket-wheel1797 tub-wheel1815 flutter-wheel1817 danaide1825 wheel1842 reaction waterwheel1847 reaction wheel1852 tide-wheel1864 hurdy-gurdy1868 stream-wheel1875 paddle wheela1884 Pelton1885 turbine-pump1900 1900¹Turbine pump [see sense b]. 1901 Engineer 11 Jan. 45/1 Turbine propulsion for a new Clyde passenger steamer. Derivatives ˈturbined adj. having or propelled by a turbine or turbines (Webster, 1911). ˈturbiner n. a turbine-driven vessel. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > mechanically propelled vessels > [noun] > propelled by steam engine > by steam turbine turbiner1905 1905 St. John (New Brunswick) Daily Sun 3 Apr. 1/1 Turbiner Victorian will dock this morning. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1838
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