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单词 twibill
释义

twibilltwybilln.

/ˈtwʌɪbɪl//ˈtwɪb(ə)l/
Forms: Old English twibile, Old English–Middle English twybile (Middle English twybyle); Old English, Middle English– twibil, Old English, 1500s– twibill (1500s -bylle); Old English, Middle English– twybill, Middle English–1500s twybil, twybyl(l(e, 1500s twybille; Middle English twybel(l, Middle English–1500s twyble, 1500s twible, Scottish twibbil, 1600s twibble; 1500s–1600s twyvel(l, 1700s twivil(l: see also tubbal n., tubber n.2, and two-bill (two adj., n., and adv. Compounds 2).
Etymology: Old English twibil , -bill neuter, and twibile (masculine), < twi- comb. form + bill n.1, bill n.2
archaic and dialect.
1. A kind of axe with two cutting edges; formerly used for cutting mortises. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > axe > [noun] > two-edged
twibilla1000
besaguec1430
twyvetec1500
twibit1510
axe-adze1925
a1000 Prose Life Guthlac (1848) xii. 56 He..genam sum twibil, and mid þan þry men to deaðe ofsloh.
a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 194/35 Bipennis securis, twilafte æx, uel twibile.
1295 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer (P.R.O.: E101/5/8) m. 9 Et iiij.d...in .j. Twybile emendando.
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter lxxiii. 7 Wiþ bradaxis þai share down þe ȝates of it..in brade axe and twybile [L. in securi et ascia] þai kest it down.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 70 He mot myd is twybyl oþer trous make.
14.. Tundale's Vis. (Wagner) 722 Summe had twybyll, brodax and nawger.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 505/1 Twybyl, wryhtys instrument..bisacuta, biceps.
1500 Ortus Vocabulorum Bisacuta, a twybyll.
c1500 Debate Carpenter's Tools in Rev. Eng. Stud. (1987) 38 456 'Ȝe, ȝe,' seyd þe twybyll, 'Thou spekys euer ageyn skylle.'
1548 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Bipennis, a twybill, wherwith carpenters doo make their mortayses.
1587 Will of Arraie (Somerset Ho.) Two wombells and a Twyvell.
1656 T. Blount Glossographia Twibil (Belg. Tweebill), an instrument used by Carpenters to make mortise-holes.
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. iv. 168 Grinding-stones..for thicker edg'd tooles, such as Axes, Hatchets, Chisells, Adds, Twy-bills, &c.
attributive.1641 Wits Recreations (new ed.) sig. N6 'Twill make a good ship-anchor, when he lackes, It is his gimlet, and his twibill axe.
2.
a. A mattock; also a similar tool used in mining, a tubbal. Now local.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > mining equipment > [noun] > miner's pick
pulypyk1360
twibillc1440
mandrel1516
hack?a1558
two-billc1619
tubber1671
fouldenhead1747
poll-pick1747
tubbal1847
moil1871
dresser1881
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > mattock, hoe, or hack > mattock
mattockeOE
beckc1000
twibillc1440
cabbie1653
pattock1729
two-bill1808
mat1895
c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 1153 The mattok, twyble [v.r. twibil], picoys.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 505/1 Twybyl, or mattoke, marra,..ligo.
1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos ii. E iv The plowmen with their axes strong..and twibles tall.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 11v Iron hookes, Iron forkes, Twybilles, Dung forkes.
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xviii. 285 She learn'd the churlish axe and twybill to prepare, To steele the coulters edge.
1687 M. Taubman London's Triumph 7 Miners..bearing Spades, Pickaxes, Twibbles and Crows, fit to sink Shafts, and make Addits.
1898 Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 1 243/2 [Given as a Devonshire name for ‘a two-billed pick’.]
b. A reaping-hook used in cutting beans and peas; a pea-hook. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > harvesting equipment > [noun] > reaping tools > sickle > types of
staff-hook?1523
pease-hook1545
brush-scythe1573
grass hook1665
swipe1742
twibill1763
pea-hook1840
swap-hook1863
1763 Museum Rusticum (1764) 1 lxii. 263 The regularity with which these beans are sown, makes it much easier to cut them with the twibil and hink, than if they were sown at random.
1763 Museum Rusticum (1764) 1 lxiii. 266 Each labourer had in his right hand a cutting instrument called a twibil, and in his left a sort of hook called a hink.
1796 J. Boys Gen. View Agric. Kent (new ed.) 91 It [canary seed] is cut in the harvest..with a hook, called a twibil, and a hink.
1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. Twibil (twei·bil), a hook for cutting beans.
c. See quot. 1706. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΚΠ
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Twivill, an Iron-Tool us'd by Paviers.
3. A double-bladed battle-axe or bill. poetic. archaic.In quot. 1678 apparently a halberd carried by a constable of the watch.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > axe > [noun]
wi-axc897
hand-axeOE
wifleOE
axec1275
poleaxe1294
Danish axe1297
hache1322
gisarmea1325
pollhache1324
spartha1363
battle-axec1380
the sheenc1400
sparc1440
Welsh glaive1483
twibit1510
twibill1558
tomahawkc1612
two-billc1619
sagaris1623
francisca1683
tom-axe1759
tomahawk1761
1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos ii. sig. E.ij Him self in hand..a twyble great doth bryng.
1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis iv. f. 1 Lycurgus with his twybyll sharpe.
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xv. 656 Sharpe axes, twibils, two-hand swords, and speares with two heads borne, Were then the weapons.
1678 Jovialists Coronat. 3 in Loyal Garland D viij If..a Halberdly train, Or a Constable chance to rebel, And would with his twyvels maliciously swell And against the Kings party raise Arms.
1834 J. R. Planché Hist. Brit. Costume 31 They [Anglo-Saxons] had also axes with long handles which they called bills,..and the double-axe or bipennis (twy-bill).
1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. xix. 346 A little fair-haired man..who heaved up a long twybill, or double axe.
1876 W. Morris Story of Sigurd i. 68 He bore a mighty twi-bill as he waded the fight-sheaves through.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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