turbotn.

Brit.

/ˈtəːbət/, U.S.

/ˈtərbət/

Forms: Middle English–1700s turbut, Middle English turbote, Middle English–1600s turbutt, Middle English turbott, 1500s turbutte, 1500s–1600s turbat, 1600s Scottish turbatt, 1500s–1700s turbet, 1600s, 1800s turbit, Middle English– turbot.

Etymology: < Old French tourbout (12th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), torbout, Anglo-Norman turbut, Middle Dutch turbot, terbot, tarbot; of uncertain origin; perhaps a derivative of Latin turbo spinning top (also in medieval Latin ‘turbot’), referring to its shape; but the termination of the French word is unexplained.

1. A large flatfish ( Rhombus maximus or Psetta maxima), having a wide scaleless body covered with conical bony tubercles, with the eyes normally on the left side, found on the European coasts and much esteemed as food.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > turbot

turbotc1300

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Scophthalmidae (turbot) > genus or member of Scophthalmus > scophthalmus maximus (turbot)

buttc1300

turbotc1300

sprent1324

breta1475

birt1552

sea pheasant1633

rhomb1720

brat1760

rodden fluke1793

king-fluke1895

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 754 He tok þe sturgiun, and þe qual, And þe turbut, and lax with-al.

1308 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 4 In 1 turbote.., 4s. 2d.

1377 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 46 In 1 Turbutt et 1 leyng emp. in villa, 10s. 6d.

14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 704/36 (Nomina piscium) Hic turbo, -[i]nis, a turbott.

c1450 Two Cookery-bks. 112 Nym luys, turbot, and elys & gobete hem in mosselys.

1502–3 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 248 Payd for di. a turbutt xx d.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Hii/1 A Turbet fish, rhombus i.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Qii/1 Turbutte, fish, chalchis, rhombus i.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 41 Turbat, ffluik, and plase fluik.

1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xviii. 173 Turbuts..were in old time counted so good and delicate, that this Proverb grew upon them, Nihil ad Rhombum; that is to say, What is all this in comparison of a Turbutt.

1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) iii. 74 The salmon is refus'd, the turbot bought.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 245 My uncle..asked him to dinner, and treated him with a fine turbot.

1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes II. 238 Reversed Turbots..that is, Turbots having the eyes and dark colour on the right side instead of the left, are also occasionally brought to market.

1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 324 The English markets..are supplied chiefly with Dutch turbot.

2. Applied to other fish more or less resembling the turbot: (a) (in the north of England and parts of Scotland) the halibut; (b) (in the United States) any of various large flatfishes, as the diamond flounder of California ( Hypopsetta guttulata), or the spotted flounder of the Pacific coast ( Bothus maculatus); (c) (in New Zealand) Ammotretis guntheri, also called lemon sole (Morris); (d) (locally) any of various species of Balistes, the file-fishes and trigger-fishes ( Cent. Dict. 1891).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > halibut

halibutc1430

turbot1555

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Pleuronectidae > member of genus Hippoglossus (halibut)

halibutc1430

turbot1555

roughback1795

sand dab1839

witch1874

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 200^v Certeyne other fysshes: as soles, mackerelles, turbuttes [in the West Indies].

1598 R. Hakluyt tr. W. de Rubruquis in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 104 They gaue vnto vs a great fresh turbut.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. ix. xx. 247 In a Turbot the right side turneth upward, and in a Plaice the left.

1674 J. Ray Catal. Fishes in Coll. Eng. Words (at cited word) What in the [South] they call the Halibut in the North they call the Turbot;..in some parts of the West of England they call the Turbot Bret and the Halibut Turbot.

1794 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XII. 171 (note) The fish..are cod, ling, skate, mackerel, hollybut, here called turbot.

1811 P. Neill in Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc. 1 Holibut... In our [Edinburgh] market..named the turbot; the proper turbot..getting another name, that of rawn-fleuk.

1883 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 581/2 The American or Spotted Turbot (Rhombus maculatus)..is common on the coasts of New England and New York.

1885 A. Brassey In Trades 302 There were fish here [i.e. in Jamaica] called turbot—not the least like our turbot, but of bright ultramarine and azure blue.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

turbot-boat n.

ΚΠ

1845 P. H. Gosse Ocean (1849) ii. 82 Turbot-boat off Scarborough.

turbot-fish n.

ΚΠ

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Turbot, the Turbot fish.

turbot-fisher n.

ΚΠ

1845 P. H. Gosse Ocean (1849) ii. 82 Even the practised eye of the turbot-fisher..fails to detect a fish when thus concealed.

turbot-fishery n.

ΚΠ

1765 Museum Rusticum 4 238 The turbot-fishery off the British coasts.

turbot-kettle n.

ΚΠ

1846 A. Soyer Gastron. Regenerator 85 Put the whole of the turtle..into a large turbot kettle.

turbot-line n.

ΚΠ

1763 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 162/1 A complete sett of turbot-lines.

† turbot-sprout n. Obsolete sprout n.¹

ΚΠ

1324–5 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 14 In..12 torbotes sprontes [read sproutes], 16 Lopsters.

1430 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 61 In..1 Turbotspreute [printed -sprente].

C2.

turbot-like adj.

ΚΠ

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Barbue,..a kind of lesse Turbot, or Turbot-like fish, called by some, a Dab, or Sandling.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	turbot
释义	turbotn. Brit. /ˈtəːbət/, U.S. /ˈtərbət/ Forms: Middle English–1700s turbut, Middle English turbote, Middle English–1600s turbutt, Middle English turbott, 1500s turbutte, 1500s–1600s turbat, 1600s Scottish turbatt, 1500s–1700s turbet, 1600s, 1800s turbit, Middle English– turbot. Etymology: < Old French tourbout (12th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), torbout, Anglo-Norman turbut, Middle Dutch turbot, terbot, tarbot; of uncertain origin; perhaps a derivative of Latin turbo spinning top (also in medieval Latin ‘turbot’), referring to its shape; but the termination of the French word is unexplained. 1. A large flatfish ( Rhombus maximus or Psetta maxima), having a wide scaleless body covered with conical bony tubercles, with the eyes normally on the left side, found on the European coasts and much esteemed as food. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > turbot turbotc1300 the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Scophthalmidae (turbot) > genus or member of Scophthalmus > scophthalmus maximus (turbot) buttc1300 turbotc1300 sprent1324 breta1475 birt1552 sea pheasant1633 rhomb1720 brat1760 rodden fluke1793 king-fluke1895 c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 754 He tok þe sturgiun, and þe qual, And þe turbut, and lax with-al. 1308 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 4 In 1 turbote.., 4s. 2d. 1377 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 46 In 1 Turbutt et 1 leyng emp. in villa, 10s. 6d. 14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 704/36 (Nomina piscium) Hic turbo, -[i]nis, a turbott. c1450 Two Cookery-bks. 112 Nym luys, turbot, and elys & gobete hem in mosselys. 1502–3 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 248 Payd for di. a turbutt xx d. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Hii/1 A Turbet fish, rhombus i. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Qii/1 Turbutte, fish, chalchis, rhombus i. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 41 Turbat, ffluik, and plase fluik. 1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xviii. 173 Turbuts..were in old time counted so good and delicate, that this Proverb grew upon them, Nihil ad Rhombum; that is to say, What is all this in comparison of a Turbutt. 1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) iii. 74 The salmon is refus'd, the turbot bought. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 245 My uncle..asked him to dinner, and treated him with a fine turbot. 1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes II. 238 Reversed Turbots..that is, Turbots having the eyes and dark colour on the right side instead of the left, are also occasionally brought to market. 1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 324 The English markets..are supplied chiefly with Dutch turbot. 2. Applied to other fish more or less resembling the turbot: (a) (in the north of England and parts of Scotland) the halibut; (b) (in the United States) any of various large flatfishes, as the diamond flounder of California ( Hypopsetta guttulata), or the spotted flounder of the Pacific coast ( Bothus maculatus); (c) (in New Zealand) Ammotretis guntheri, also called lemon sole (Morris); (d) (locally) any of various species of Balistes, the file-fishes and trigger-fishes ( Cent. Dict. 1891). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > halibut halibutc1430 turbot1555 the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Pleuronectidae > member of genus Hippoglossus (halibut) halibutc1430 turbot1555 roughback1795 sand dab1839 witch1874 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 200^v Certeyne other fysshes: as soles, mackerelles, turbuttes [in the West Indies]. 1598 R. Hakluyt tr. W. de Rubruquis in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 104 They gaue vnto vs a great fresh turbut. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. ix. xx. 247 In a Turbot the right side turneth upward, and in a Plaice the left. 1674 J. Ray Catal. Fishes in Coll. Eng. Words (at cited word) What in the [South] they call the Halibut in the North they call the Turbot;..in some parts of the West of England they call the Turbot Bret and the Halibut Turbot. 1794 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XII. 171 (note) The fish..are cod, ling, skate, mackerel, hollybut, here called turbot. 1811 P. Neill in Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc. 1 Holibut... In our [Edinburgh] market..named the turbot; the proper turbot..getting another name, that of rawn-fleuk. 1883 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 581/2 The American or Spotted Turbot (Rhombus maculatus)..is common on the coasts of New England and New York. 1885 A. Brassey In Trades 302 There were fish here [i.e. in Jamaica] called turbot—not the least like our turbot, but of bright ultramarine and azure blue. Compounds C1. General attributive. turbot-boat n. ΚΠ 1845 P. H. Gosse Ocean (1849) ii. 82 Turbot-boat off Scarborough. turbot-fish n. ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Turbot, the Turbot fish. turbot-fisher n. ΚΠ 1845 P. H. Gosse Ocean (1849) ii. 82 Even the practised eye of the turbot-fisher..fails to detect a fish when thus concealed. turbot-fishery n. ΚΠ 1765 Museum Rusticum 4 238 The turbot-fishery off the British coasts. turbot-kettle n. ΚΠ 1846 A. Soyer Gastron. Regenerator 85 Put the whole of the turtle..into a large turbot kettle. turbot-line n. ΚΠ 1763 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 162/1 A complete sett of turbot-lines. † turbot-sprout n. Obsolete sprout n.¹ ΚΠ 1324–5 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 14 In..12 torbotes sprontes [read sproutes], 16 Lopsters. 1430 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 61 In..1 Turbotspreute [printed -sprente]. C2. turbot-like adj. ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Barbue,..a kind of lesse Turbot, or Turbot-like fish, called by some, a Dab, or Sandling. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1300
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