turnern.1
/ˈtəːnə/, U.S. /ˈtərnər/ I.
1.
a. One who turns or fashions objects of wood, metal, bone, etc., on a lathe. Also fig.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > woodworker > [noun] > turner
thrower1242
turner1415
head-turner1853
chair turner1904
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific tools or equipment > [noun] > with tools > with lathe
turner1415
hollow-turner1887
traverser1921
lathe operator1974
1415 in York Myst. Introd. 25 Tielmakers, Milners,..Turnours,..Bollers.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 507/2 Turnowre, tornator.
1485 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 22 William Parken of London Turnor for iij dd shodde shovilles..xvs.
1507–8 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 104 Le Tornour pro 300 parapsid. et 300 discorum ligneorum, 7s.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 284/1 Turnar a maker of bolles and dysshes, torneur.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1586 Taliours, Telers, Turners of vesselles.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Turnours whele or instrument, tornus.
1556 R. Record Castle of Knowl. 111 Euery common turner can..know yt a little altering of the one side, maketh the boul to run biasse waies.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. lxviii. 99 Horse tayle..stemmes..their roughnesse is such, that Turners..do vse them to polish..and smoth their workes.
1685 R. Boyle Ess. Effects of Motion ii. 7 I have caused a skilfull Turner to turn for me an oblong piece of Iron.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 3. ⁋5 Advice to the Poets; that is to say, to the Turners of Verse, as he calls 'em.
1776 Pennsylvania Evening Post 23 Mar. 149/1 A Turner of Brass is likewise wanted.
1839 Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xiv. 122 One Mr. Kenwigs, a turner in ivory.
1892 Labour Commission Gloss. (at cited word) When a turner himself holds the tool which cuts the iron or other material he is turning, he is termed a hand tool turner.
b. A potter; esp. one who finishes and smooths the ware before it is fired.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > potter > [noun]
pottera1225
crockerc1315
pot-makera1399
turner1601
pot-baker1621
pot-founder1631
cloamer1659
thrower1744
ceramist1855
throwster1894
ceramicist1930
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxv. xii. 553 That kind [of earthenware] that is wrought by turners craft with the wheele.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvi. xxii. 592 A stone, which they use to hew hollow, and by turners craft make vessels for the kitchin.
1790 in Guide Mus. Pract. Geol. (1859) 98 About 90 painters..and about 200 throwers, turners, &c., were employed.
1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) II. 455 When the ‘thrown ware’ is sufficiently dry, it is transferred to the hands of the ‘turner’.
1875 Guide Royal Porc. Wks. 13 The turner..finishes the edge and foot, and if necessary the outside surface.
1892 Labour Comm. Gloss. Turners, potters who shape pottery ware upon a lathe.
II. One who or that which turns, in various other senses of the verb.† 3. A translator. Obsolete. rare.† 5. A variety of fancy pigeon. See quot. 1735. Obsolete.
2.
a. In general senses: see turn v.
ΚΠ
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 507/1 Turnare, or he that turnythe a spete or other lyke, versor.
1491 in York Myst. Introd. 39 Tixt-wryters, luminers, noters, turners, and florisschers.
1527 Luton Trin. Guild (1906) 188 Item payd to a xjtis turners of spyttis xvij d.
1546 Bp. S. Gardiner Declar. True Articles 55 b I affirme ye same iustification that was then taught, and yow be the turners.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Turnour of one out of the ryght waye, obuaricator.
1593 Rites of Durham (Surtees 1903) 3 Which wheele did burst in peices and caught the turners of the said wheele and..rent them in peices.
1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 422 If I really were such a Turner of Index's and Lexicons.
1702 J. Dennis Monument xxxiii Nor sordid Turner of his Gold for Gain.
1731 Philos. Trans. 1729–30 (Royal Soc.) 36 338 The whole may be made to turn with one's Hand, either with a Crank.., or with a Turner like that of a Grinding-stone.
1861 Times 1 June Several winnowing machines and one hay turner are damaged.
1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise ii. 588 An accursed race, Who with the turner of all hearts once strove.
1878 N. Amer. Rev. 127 490 He is a turner of night into day.
1893 W. B. Yeats Celtic Twilight (1902) 24 Villages of fishermen and turners of the earth.
b. With adverbs: cf. turn v. Phrasal verbs.
ΚΠ
1653 E. Waterhouse Humble Apol. Learning 245 Perswaders, and turners away of the people from obedience.
a1687 R. McWard Επαγωνισμοι (1723) 89 Such Backdrawers, and Turners-aside with the Workers of Iniquity.
1892 Sat. Rev. 13 Aug. 205/2 To the idle turner-over, perhaps the most remarkable thing is the frequency of the phrase ‘no information’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > [noun] > one who translates
remenoura1382
translatora1382
interpreterc1384
turnera1387
reducerc1530
metaphrast1610
linguist1612
traducer1631
traductor1679
versionist1782
versionera1806
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 237 Þe seuenty torneres [ Caxton turneres] and Isidre also..seiþ two þowsand ȝere seuen hondred and two and fourty.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 245 Þey beeþ specialliche i-cleped þe Seuenty tourneris [v.r. turneres], for þey torned Holy Writte out of Ebrew in to Grewe.
c1425 Saints' Lives, Apol. in Anglia VIII. 195/31 Þe turner of þis englysshe.
4. In shirt-making: see quot. 1884.
ΚΠ
1884 E. Simcox in 19th Cent. June 1041 A preparer of collars and wristbands, known as a ‘tacker and turner’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > other types
porcelainc1530
turn-pate1611
light horseman1661
runt1661
smiter1668
helmet1676
mammet1678
Cortbeck1688
turbit1688
turner1688
dragoon1725
finicking1725
Leghorn1725
nun1725
owl1725
petit1725
trumpeter1725
horseman1735
Mahomet1735
barbel1736
turn-tail1736
frill-back1765
blue rock1825
beard1826
ice pigeon1829
toy1831
black1839
skinnum1839
splash1851
whole-feather1851
spangle1854
swallow1854
shield1855
stork pigeon1855
Swabian1855
yellow1855
archangel1867
dragon1867
starling1867
magpie1868
smerle1869
bluette1870
cumulet1876
oriental1876
spot fairy1876
turbiteen1876
blondinette1879
hyacinth1879
Modena pigeon1879
silver-dun1879
silverette1879
silver-mealy1879
swift pigeon1879
Victoria1879
visor1879
ice1881
swallow pigeon1881
velvet fairy1881
priesta1889
frill1890
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 244/2 Of Pigeons... Turners having a tuft turning down backwards from the Head.
1735 J. Moore Columba Circumagens in Columbarium 50 The Turner..in many Respects like the Finnikin, except that when it..plays to the Female it turns only one Way, whereas the other turns both.
1854 L. A. Meall Moubray's Treat. Poultry 280 The Turner is also mentioned... However, if they ever existed, there are certainly none such known now.
1867 W. B. Tegetmeier Pigeons xxii. 175. ]
6. In the Newfoundland seal-fishery, a seal which is between the immature and mature stages of development; a three-year old seal. Also attrib. turner-harp, turner-hood (see harp n.1 7, hood n.1 6).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Pinnipedia (seal, sea lion, or walrus) > [noun] > family Phocidae > seal > young
seal calf?c1450
whitecoat1792
turner1891
1891 in Cent. Dict.
7. A small piece of fire-clay on which a watch-dial is held and turned while in the enamelling oven.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [noun] > making watches > tools or materials used in watchmaking
wig-wag1582
turn-bench1680
fusee-engine1858
parachute1865
fraise1874
pinion-file1875
watch-oil1876
bouchon1881
spotter1881
bench winder1884
knee-punch1884
pinion bottoming file1884
pinion gauge1884
stake1884
wax lathe1884
turner1891
1891 in Cent. Dict.
III.
8. A member of one of the gymnastic societies instituted in Germany by F. L. Jahn (1778–1852); cf. turning n. 4d. Also, a member of a turnverein n.[In this sense < German turner, < turnen to perform gymnastic exercises, an adoption (by Jahn) of French tourner.]
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > [noun] > gymnast
gymnast1594
turner1854
gymnasiast1857
boneless wonder1931
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > [noun] > gymnastic society > member of
turner1854
1854 Calif. Chron. 16 May 7/3 We..paid a hasty visit to Russ' Gardens, where the Turners and their compatriots had resumed the sports of the previous day.
1860 J. E. Worcester Dict. Eng. Lang. (citing Adler).
1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) Turner (Germ.), a gymnast.
1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 31 May 9 The late meeting of German turners in Paris.
1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 31 May 9 The turners who had come from Germany.
1888 U.S. Newspaper 17 Aug. The red and white flags of the turners may be seen.
1913 N.Y. Times 13 Oct. 12/4 There was a big gathering of Turners and guests at the North German Lloyd Line Pier.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2018).
ˈturnern.2
Hist.
A small copper coin, current in Scotland in the 17th c., called also a twopenny piece or bodle, valued (when pure) at one-sixth of an English penny. See also turnover n.1They were originally coined by the Earl of Stirling c1623. Counterfeits were also fabricated by gipsies: see quots.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > Scottish coins > [noun] > other Scottish coins
sterling1387
plack1473
sture1493
stick1494
bawbee1542
hardhead1559
nonsunt1559
liona1572
atchison1600
turner1631
turnover1640
bodle1650
forty penny piece1681
rigmariea1682
cross-daggera1690
mark1762
1631 Act Privy Council in Cochran-Patrick Rec. Coinage Scot. (1876) II. 28 It is our pleasure that yow giue order..for calling in of the copper money callit Turnours.
1640 in W. Cramond Rec. Elgin (1903) I. 266 Geving..thrie dolloris in siluer and receaving back..sex dolloris in turnoris for the samyn.
1642 in Row Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.) p. xviii Four pund weght of turnoris.
1642 in Row Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.) p. xix Four markis of turnouris quhilk was gottin out of the Coinze-house.
c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 235 King Charles turnouris, stricken be the Erll of Striviling,..wes, be proclamatioun..cryit doun fra tua penneis to ane penny; King James turnouris to pas for tua penneis, becauss thay war no less worth; and the kaird turnouris simpliciter dischargeit as falss cungzie.
a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 188 Coins current in Scotland—In Copper, Turners 6 to one penny English or 12 Scottish.
1786 A. de Cardonnel Numismata Scotiæ 34 After 1660, we hear of two pennies, bodles, and turners.
1842 Penny Cycl. XXIII. 60/1 [Stirling, Wm. Earl of] He obtained the privilege of coining for Scotland a sort of base copper-money, called ‘turners’.
1882 F. Michel Crit. Inq. Sc. Lang. vi. 123 Charles I..continued the coinage of the turner. The name was revived and applied to a similar piece coined after the Restoration, in the beginning of Charles II's reign.
1893 Antiquary Mar. 105 Coins found in St. Queran's Well 1869. Scottish..Charles II., Turners and Half Turners.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2018).
Turnern.3
/ˈtəːnə/, U.S. /ˈtərnər/ Used attrib. and in the possessive to designate a yellow pigment patented by James Turner in 1781; = mineral yellow n. at mineral adj. Special uses 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > yellow or yellowness > colouring matter > [noun] > pigments
yelloweOE
motey1353
arsenica1393
orpimentc1395
auripigmenta1398
ochre1440
pink1464
massicot1472
yellow ochre1482
orpine1548
painter's gold1591
spruce1668
giallolino1728
king's yellow1738
Naples yellow1738
stil de grain1769
yellow earth1794
queen's yellow1806
chromate1819
chrome yellow1819
Oxford ochre1827
Indian yellow1831
Italian pink1835
Montpellier yellow1835
Turner1835
quercitron lake1837
jaune brillant1851
zinc chromate1851
zinc sulphide1851
brush-gold1861
zooxanthin1868
Oxford chrome1875
aureolin1879
cadmium yellow1879
Cassel yellow1882
Neapolitan yellow1891
zinc chrome1892
Mars1899
jaune jonquille1910
the world > matter > colour > named colours > yellow or yellowness > colouring matter > [adjective] > pigments
Turner1835
1792 Act 32 Geo. III. c. 73 The yellow colour invented by the said James Turner, and which is composed of British materials only, has been found to be far superior to the foreign.]
1835 G. Field Chromatogr. ix. 77 Patent Yellow, Turner's Yellow, or Montpellier Yellow..has an excellent body, and works well in oil and water, but is soon injured both by the sun's light and impure air.
1886 H. C. Standage Artists' Man. Pigments iv. 46 Turner Yellow, Cassel Yellow,..Mineral Yellow.
1951 R. Mayer Artist's Handbk. ii. 63 Turner's yellow, lead oxychloride... Patented by James Turner, England, 1781.
1970 R. D. Harley Artists' Pigments viii. 92 Accounts of the legal proceedings give no indication of the place where Turner's yellow was made, although, according to one authority the pigment was manufactured at..Walker-upon-Tyne where it was sold as Turner's Patent Yellow.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online June 2018).
Turnern.4
/ˈtəːnə/, U.S. /ˈtərnər/ Med.
Used in the possessive (less commonly attrib.) to designate a syndrome described by Turner in 1938 which affects females and is characterized by developmental abnormalities including an absence of ovaries, underdeveloped breasts and womb, and shortness of stature, and is usually caused by a missing X chromosome in normally XX cells.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > congenital or hereditary syndromes > [noun]
amyelia1865
amelia1872
congenital myotonia1886
myotonia congenita1887
Thomsen's disease1890
von Recklinghausen's disease1899
pseudoxanthoma1900
Werdnig–Hoffmann1903
myotonia atrophica1908
Fröhlich1909
Milroy's disease1909
Lindau disease1928
Steinert's disease1932
von Hippel–Lindau disease1932
Werner's syndrome1934
Sturge–Weber syndrome1935
gargoylism1936
Morgagni's syndrome1936
Hurler's disease1937
von Willebrand1941
Turner1942
autism1944
hypophosphatasia1948
Klinefelter1950
mucopolysaccharidosis1952
progeria1957
Pendred1960
Down's syndrome1961
Patau's syndrome1961
Marinesco–Sjögren syndrome1962
cri du chat syndrome1964
Prader–Willi syndrome1964
Noonan syndrome1965
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome1966
Wernicke–Korsakoff1966
Down1967
mannosidosis1969
mucolipidosis1970
Asperger's syndrome1971
Angelman syndrome1972
adrenoleukodystrophy1973
SCID1973
severe combined immune deficiency1973
Miller–Dieker syndrome1980
Asperger1988
Asperger's disorder1994
1942 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 204 641 Dr. Lawson Wilkins..showed one of the authors a patient who..has both coarctation of the aorta and webbing of the neck. He called the authors' attention to ‘Turner's syndrome’.
1961 Lancet 23 Sept. 711/2 It had taken more than 50 years from the recognition of the sex chromosome to the discovery that children with Turner's syndrome had just one X chromosome, and Klinefelter's syndrome 2Xs and a Y.
1970 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. II. xxxi. 15/2 The most important findings were that abnormal females with Turner's syndrome were sex chromatin negative like normal males, and that abnormal males with Klinefelter's syndrome were sex chromatin positive like normal females.
1977 Lancet 19 Mar. 649/2 There have been conflicting reports about the level of amniotic-fluid α-fetoprotein (A.F.T.) when a fetus has Turner syndrome.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online June 2018).
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