tutorn.

Brit.

/ˈtjuːtə/,

/ˈtʃuːtə/, U.S.

/ˈt(j)udər/

Forms: Also Middle English–1600s tutour, Middle English–1500s tutoure, (Middle English tutowre, Middle English–1600s tutur, 1500s Scottish toutour); 1500s tutar, Scottish tuttar, 1500s–1700s tuter).

Etymology: < Old French, Anglo-Norman tutour (modern French tuteur = Spanish tutor, Portuguese tutor, Italian tutore), or < Latin tūtor watcher, protector, < tuērī to watch, guard.

†1. A guardian, custodian, keeper; a protector, defender. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian or custodian

herd971

wardena1290

keepera1300

yemerc1330

looker1340

tutor1377

actorc1384

conservator1447

custosc1450

guardian1477

custodier?c1500

custode1543

guardant1592

custodian1602

supervisor1691

vigilant1822

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. i. 56 Kynde witte be wardeyne ȝowre welthe to kepe, And tutour of ȝoure tresore and take it ȝow at nede.

1425 Ordinances Whittington's Alms-house (modernized text) in J. Entick New Hist. London (1766) IV. 354 To be one principal, which shal pas al other in power..and be called tutor.

1425 Ordinances Whittington's Alms-house (modernized text) in J. Entick New Hist. London (1766) IV. 354 The seid tutour.

c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 16 The kynge..behestid hym-self to be a tutur and defensur of hym and of hys.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 507/2 Tutowre, tutor.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 284/1 Tutar, tuteur.

1562 Bp. J. Pilkington Expos. Abdyas 85 The poore oppressed people, whom God takes in to his custodie to be their tutor.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Fiv^v/2 A Tuter, tutor.

?1602 Narcissus (MS Bodl. Rawl. poet. 212) (1893) 276 O thou which hast thy staffe to bee thy tutor.

2. One who has the custody of a ward; a guardian.

†a. in gen. sense. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Gal. iv. 2 How moche tyme the eyr is litil..he is vndir tutouris and actouris.

1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) iv. xxxviii. 64 They leden the kynge at theyr owne lust,..as tutours, and couratours.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Gal. iv. 2 The heyre as longe as he ys a chylde..is vnder tuters and governers.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. clxxv The tutours..sent ambassadours to the Turke to commend the childe vnto hym.

1564 T. Becon New Catech. in Wks. 533 b The honor that the chyldren owe to their parents and tutors.

1615 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1884) II. 109 [Taking away] a woman childe under eleven yeares of age from..her grandfather and lawfull tutor.

1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Tutour, a defender, he that hath charge to bring vp a childe.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. xviii. 432 That interest which carefull tutours claim in those whose protection they tender.

1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. ii. vi. §59 If the Father..hath not provided a Tutor, to govern his Son, during his Minority..the Law takes care to do it.

b. spec. in Roman Law and Scots Law: The guardian and representative, and administrator of the estate, of a person legally incapable, failing the father.tutor dative, tutor nominate, tutor optive, tutor testamentar: see these adjectives. tutor-at-law, tutor of law, or tutor-legitim, the nearest male relative on the father's side, who becomes guardian in the absence or failure of the tutor nominate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian of minor or incapable person

wardenc1290

tutora1387

curate1463

curator1471

guardiana1535

guardianer1595

pro-tutor1664

legal guardian1720

guardy1833

conservator1853

caregiver1966

primary caregiver1972

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 197 Pompeus..hymself fleigh to þe..kyng of Egipt, and axede help of hym, for he was assigned hym by þe senatoures to be his tutor and his wardeyn.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 75 Ptholomeus begynnenge to reigne the v^the yere of his age, legates of Alexandrye preyede the Romanes thei wolde be tutores of þat childe, and defende the realme of Egipte.

1521 in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 39/1 Þe Richt Illustre prince Duke of Albany Tutoure of Law to our said Soverane Lord [James V].

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. ii. ii. f. 11^v/2 He was left tutour testamenter be thair fader.

1546 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. I. 50 Tutrix testamentar to hir barnes and said umquhile Hew.

1575 T. Huntar v. D. Hunter in Balfour Practicks 115 Sum tutoris ar testamentaris, sum tutoris of law, and sum ar tutoris dative. The tutor dative is maid and gevin be the King.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxiii. 215 In ancient times all women which had not husbands nor fathers to gouerne them had their tutors.

1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. i. vi. §5. 56 There be three kinds of Tutors... The first is, Tutor Testamentar, or nominate.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. xvii. 448 The guardian with us performs the office both of the tutor and curator of the Roman laws;..according to the language of the court of chancery, the tutor was the committee of the person, the curator the committee of the estate.

a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) I. i. vii. §8 117 In default of tutors-legitim, there is place for tutors-dative.

1826 G. J. Bell Comm. Laws Scotl. (ed. 5) I. 133 Tutors may effectually grant deeds of ordinary administration of their pupil's estate.

1880 J. Muirhead tr. Ulpian Rules xi, in tr. Gaius Institutes 382 Those are tutors-at-law, legitimi, who derive their office from some lex.

c. Formerly in Scotland used as a designation with the name of the estate of which the ‘tutor’ had charge. Now Historical.

ΚΠ

1529 Reg. Privy Seal Scot. II. 53/1 Ane lettre maid to William Makclellane, tutour of Bomby, his airis and assignais [etc.].

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 89 Ane callit Makclalene..quha was tutour of bombie for the tyme [in 1452].

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 27 The Erll of Sutherland..with the tutour of Duffus and some seruandis follouit.

a1832 W. Scott Mem. Early Years in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Sir W. Scott (1837) I. i. 4 Beardie became..Tutor of Raeburn..that is, guardian to his infant nephew.

3. One employed in the supervision and instruction of a youth in a private household. Also, one engaged to travel abroad with one or more pupils, a travelling or foreign tutor.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > teacher > [noun] > professional teacher > tutor

tutor1398

creancer?1478

governor1485

schoolmaster?1500

under-tutor1699

tutorer1824

coach1848

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum vi. v. (Bodl.) lf. 36/2 Þe child [that] knowith goode and yuel is..isette to lore vndur tutours.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxvii. f. lxiii^v Clothayre consyderynge the frowardnesse of growynge in his sone Dagobert assigned to hym a Tutoure, or lerner of worldlye, and Knyghtlye maners.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xvi. sig. Hvi^v Diuers maners of exercises... All these ought he that is a tutor to a noble man to haue in remembrance.

1622 T. Gataker Spirituall Watch (ed. 2) 74 Two home-bred Tutors..that God hath set ouer each of vs, Shame and Feare, the shame of sinne, and the feare of wrath.

1699 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. (ed. 4) §167 Passionate words or blows from the Tutor fill the Child's Mind with Terror and Affrightment.

1701 tr. J. Le Clerc Lives Primitive Fathers 22 Aristobulus a Peripatetick, who is said to have been Tutor to Ptolemy Philometor.

1729 R. Savage Author to be Lett 9 Few foreign Tutors understand the dead Languages.

1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul ii. v. 218 Some subsist by teaching and practising the law; others teach schools, or are tutors to the sons of rich men.

a1822 P. B. Shelley Triumph of Life in Posthumous Poems (1824) 261 The tutor and his pupil, whom Dominion Followed as tame as vulture in a chain.

a. In the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin: A graduate (most often the fellow of a college), to whom the special supervision of an undergraduate (called his pupil) is assigned. Subsequently also used in other British universities and other further education establishments. Also, in Cambridge and some other universities and colleges, a member of the teaching staff assigned responsibility for the general well-being of a student (cf. moral tutor n. at moral adj. Compounds 2). The word was first used of those who stood in a supervisory relation to undergraduate members of colleges or halls, not on the foundation, and were responsible to the hall or college for their pupils' payments (= creancers: cf. creancer n. 2) By Wykeham's Statutes for New Coll., Oxf., imitated at King's Coll., Camb., and Magdalen Coll., Oxf., each junior foundationer was assigned to the special charge of a senior called his informator. Both these offices appear to have been merged later in the tutor. Naturally the tutor looked after his pupils' studies also, and this came to be the main part of his duties, esp. at Oxford. Tutores are also found at Louvain in 1476 supervising the studies of the scholares (Rashdall Universities of Eur. (1895) II. 766).

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun] > tutor

tutorc1610

superviser1616

pupil-mongera1661

college tutor1790

répétiteur1812

tute1895

supervisor1918

c1610 in Brasenose Coll. Quatercent. Monogr. (1909) II. ii. xi. 14 Tradesmen..inveagle young Gentlemen into new and chargeable fashions contrary to the desires of their parents and the directions of their Tutors.

a1648 Ld. Herbert Life (1976) 19 As if they meant to proceed Masters of Art and Doctors in some Science, for which purpose their Tutors commonly spend much tyme in teaching them the subtilityes of Logicke.

1653 Register of Visitors Univ. Oxford (1881) 359 That noe man be admitted to the office of a Tutor in any Colledge or Hall that is not first approved of by the respective Head of such Colledge or Hall and the Visitors of the University.

1653 Register of Visitors Univ. Oxford (1881) 360 That all persons of whatever quality soever, untill they be admitted to the Degree of Bachelor of Arts..doe live under the care, tuition, and instruction of approved Tutors.

1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) A Tutour in the University, is one that takes care to teach and instruct the Youth that are sent thither from inferior Schools; and the Scholar so taught, is call'd the Tutour's Pupil.

1864 J. H. Newman Apologia (1904) i. 7/2 I gave up that office in 1826, when I became Tutor of my College.

1884 C. Dickens, Jr. Dict. Univ. Cambr. 124/2 The Tutor..generally acts as agent for the College in all business transactions with its members... The Tutor himself does not necessarily lecture or teach. Private Tutors are called Coaches.

1884 J. B. Mullinger Univ. Cambr. from 1535 396 The Cambridge system by which the expenditure of the student is supervised to a certain extent by the tutor was in operation as early as the sixteenth century.

1886 R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. I. Introd. 91 In the [Latin] statutes of..Clare Hall [1551]..we meet for the first time at Cambridge with the term tutor, in the modern sense, namely, a fellow of the college who is to be responsible for his pupil's expenses, to explain to him what he has to do and to learn, and..is to be treated by him with filial obedience and respect.

1887 Q. Rev. Oct. 403 By the middle of the sixteenth century, the modern system of admitting students not on the foundation was fully established; and, as a natural result, the office of ‘tutor’ in the present meaning of the term then first appears.

1895 H. Rashdall Univ. Europe in Middle Ages II. 515 It seems probable that before the middle of the fifteenth century the teaching of Undergraduates..was mainly in the hands of Tutors in the Colleges, or Principals and their assistant Regents or non-graduate Lectors in the Halls. Note, The word used both at New College [c1400] and Magdalen [1479] is Informator. At Brasenose College [founded 1509] the word Tutor occurs for the first time, but only in reference to the Fellow who is to be responsible for a Commoner.

1933 Times Lit. Suppl. 14 Dec. 889/3 He [sc. Sir John Sandys] was for long Senior Tutor of his college, a different thing in Cambridge from Oxford.

1980 L. P. Wilkinson Cent. of King's p. xiv Tutor, a Fellow responsible for a student's general welfare. Every student has one.

b. In U.S. universities and colleges: ‘A teacher subordinate to a professor, usually appointed for a year or a term of years’ ( Cent. Dict.).

ΚΠ

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) Tutors are graduates selected by the governors or trustees, for the instruction of undergraduates... They are usually officers of the institution, who have a share, with the president and professors, in the government of the students.

c. private tutor (at the English Universities): A person engaged by students to assist them in their studies and preparation for the examinations, but not appointed or recognized by the University or College. Also, a person who makes it his business to prepare students for professional examinations apart from the universities, as an army tutor, a law tutor.

ΚΠ

1827 E. Bulwer-Lytton Falkland i. 15 I was sent to a private tutor.

1840 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 498/1 Although recognised neither by the universities, nor by any particular college, a very numerous class has long existed both at Oxford and Cambridge, who, under the denomination of Private Tutors, superintend and assist the studies of individuals.

1884¹ [see sense 4a].

5. In some English public schools:

a. A senior boy appointed to help a junior in his studies.

ΚΠ

1683 A. Hill Life Barrow in I. Barrow Wks. I. sig. a2 Removing thence [sc. from the Charterhouse] to Felsted,..he quickly made so great a progress in Learning..that his Master appointed him a little Tutour to the Lord Viscount Fairfax.

1898 J. Sargeaunt Ann. Westminster vii. 123 The very name of ‘little tutor’ familiar in the schools of the seventeenth century is now wholly forgotten... The ‘little tutor’ was paid for his services and might thus gather a small purse against the time when he should go to the University.

1901 Winchester Coll. Notions 130 The ten Senior Praefects in College are called Tutors.

b. A master charged with the special supervision of a particular boy.

ΚΠ

1861 J. T. Coleridge Public School Educ. 37 [At Eton] Every Master therefore but the Head Master is also a Tutor and every boy must have his Tutor... Every exercise the pupil does is first submitted to the Tutor for inspection and correction and then carried into school.

1901 Winchester Coll. Notions 130 College Tutor formerly had to correct the composition of College men, but now he helps College Juniors with their work.

6. transferred. As the name of an instruction book in any subject. Now chiefly applied to books of instruction in playing a musical instrument.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > kind of book > textbook or book of instructions > [noun]

handbookOE

doctrinalc1450

directory1543

school1545

instruction book1546

companion1621

body1647

tutor1665

self-instructor1700

tutorer1702

preceptorc1710

textbook1779

self-instructer1800

bench book1887

user guide1936

user manual1936

text1955

society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > teaching aids > manual or book

posture book1631

gymnastics1646

tutor1665

drill-book1846

society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > [noun] > music book > tutor

tutor1665

1665 Moxon (title) A Tutor to Astronomy and Geography.

1776 Pennsylvania Evening Post 15 June 299/2 Just published,..a complete Tutor for the Fife.

a1916 Mod. An Easy French Tutor. Hémy's Pianoforte Tutor.

1918–19 T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Fall–Winter 383/6 Bellak Piano Tutor..one of the best tutors in use.

1956 F. Reidy in S. Traill Play that Music 108 Any tutor I have ever read says that the tip of the reed should be struck with the tip of the tongue.

1981 Ld. Harewood Tongs & Bones iii. 60 I wanted to learn the clarinet... A beautiful Boehm arrived together with an English ‘tutor’.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations, as tutor-companion, tutor-confessor, tutor-farmer, tutor-room; tutor-sick adj.

ΚΠ

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 245 I was tutor-sick at alma mater.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm I. 96 The tutor-farmer should be provided with such a plan to give to each of his pupils.

1899 C. K. Paul Memories 247 My tutor days are not satisfactory in the retrospect.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 8 May 2/1 The tutor-confessor was instantly turned out.

1903 Daily Chron. 20 Mar. 6/1 Dr. Jüttner, the tutor-companion, who holds that youth should be allowed to revel in the sunshine.

1906 Mem. Abp. Temple I. 155 The power of the tutor-rooms had over-asserted itself.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

tutorv.

Brit.

/ˈtjuːtə/,

/ˈtʃuːtə/, U.S.

/ˈt(j)udər/

Etymology: < tutor n.

a. transitive. To act the part of a tutor towards; to give special or individual instruction to; to teach, instruct (in a subject).

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)]

i-taechec888

lerec900

iwisseOE

to teach a personc1000

wisc1000

ylereOE

avayc1315

readc1330

learna1382

informc1384

beteacha1400

form1399

kena1400

redec1400

indoctrinea1450

instructc1449

ensign1474

doctrine1475

introduct1481

lettera1500

endoctrinec1500

to have (a person) in schooling?1553

lesson1555

tutor1592

orthographize1596

pupil1599

con1612

indoctrinate1621

art1628

doctrinate1631

document1648

verse1672

documentizea1734

form1770

intuit1776

skill1809

indoctrinize1861

society > education > teaching > systematic or formal teaching > [verb (transitive)] > tutor or coach

tutor1592

teacher1619

tutorize1839

pupillize1840

coach1848

grind1859

pony1865

tute1934

1592 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) vii. xxxvii. 168 The last of our three Phaetons was tuter'd of a Fryer.

1621 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1906) 241 [An accusation of having said] that our hopefull Prince Charles was tutored in the Papist religion.

1740 J. Du Pré tr. P. Mussard Conformity Anc. & Mod. Ceremonies 39 An Old Capuchin tutoring a Novice.

1814 T. Chalmers Evid. Christian Revel. x. 292 His mind is not yet tutored to the philosophy of the subject.

1867 G. A. Macfarren Six Lect. Harmony vi. 218 Their ear being thus tutored.

1903 Times, Lit. Suppl. 2 Oct. 280/1 He was sent away to be tutored in English rectories, whence he proceeded to University College, London.

absolute.1892 Nation (N.Y.) 11 Aug. 116/2 Graduate..of experience wishes to tutor for the September examinations.

b. With extension: To get (a quality or the like) out or in by instruction or discipline. rare.

ΚΠ

1647 J. Hall Poems i. 64 Let not wealth tutor out Our spirits with her gout.

2. To instruct under discipline; to subject to discipline, control, or correction; to school; also to admonish or reprove.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)]

threac897

threapc897

begripea1000

threata1000

castea1200

chaste?c1225

takec1275

blame1297

chastya1300

sniba1300

withnima1315

undernima1325

rebukec1330

snuba1340

withtakea1340

reprovec1350

chastisea1375

arate1377

challenge1377

undertake1377

reprehenda1382

repreync1390

runta1398

snapea1400

underfoc1400

to call to account1434

to put downc1440

snebc1440

uptakec1440

correptc1449

reformc1450

reprise?c1450

to tell (a person) his (also her, etc.) own1450

control1451

redarguec1475

berisp1481

to hit (cross) one over (of, on) the thumbs1522

checkc1530

admonish1541

nip1548

twig?1550

impreve1552

lesson1555

to take down1562

to haul (a person) over the coals1565

increpate1570

touch1570

school1573

to gather up1577

task1580

redarguate?1590

expostulate1592

tutor1599

sauce1601

snip1601

sneap1611

to take in tax1635

to sharp up1647

round1653

threapen1671

reprimand1681

to take to task1682

document1690

chapter1693

repulse1746

twink1747

to speak to ——1753

haul1795

to pull up1799

carpet1840

rig1841

to talk to1860

to take (a person) to the woodshed1882

rawhide1895

to tell off1897

to tell (someone) where he or she gets off1900

to get on ——1904

to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908

strafe1915

tick1915

woodshed1935

to slap (a person) down1938

sort1941

bind1942

bottle1946

mat1948

ream1950

zap1961

elder1967

1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iii. i. 29 Didst thou not fall out with a taylor for wearing his new doublet before Easter, with an other for tying his new shooes with olde riband; and yet thou wilt tuter me from quarelling?

1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 5 If men were but as good to discipline themselves, as some are to tutor their Horses and Hawks.

1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 40* The fanatic boldnesse of this age that dares tutor Christ to be more strict then he thought fit.

1668 J. Dryden Sr Martin Mar-all i. 7 Sawcy Rascal, avoid my sight; must you tutor me?

1709 Ld. Shaftesbury Sensus Communis: Ess. Freedom of Wit 12 The World, tho it may be taught, will not be tutor'd.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. i. i. 3 France is roused! Long have ye been lecturing and tutoring this poor Nation.

1854 F. D. Maurice Moral & Metaphysical Philos. (ed. 2) II. 9 Seneca..had tutored himself to endure personal injuries without indulging in anger.

1882 R. L. Stevenson Thoreau in Familiar Stud. Men & Bks. (1905) 115 Thoreau had plenty of humour till he tutored himself out of it.

3. To instruct (a person) in a course of action, to tell (one) what to do or say; often in sinister sense: to sophisticate or tamper with (a witness or his evidence).

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [verb (transitive)] > tamper with witness or evidence

tutor1757

1757 J. Lind Lett. Navy ii. 77 Notwithstanding all the care that had been taken to manage and tutor his evidence.

1767 J. Wingrave Narr. Cruelties Eliz. Brownrigg 6 After tutoring the girl..what answer to make, and what behaviour to follow.

1826 C. Butler Vindic. Bk. Rom. Catholic Church 126 Emissaries were employed, witnesses tutored,..and even torture applied to procure evidence.

1851 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire III. xxiii. 23 The populace, tutored..or bribed for the purpose, offered him the high priesthood.

†4. To take care or charge of. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)]

hold971

yemeOE

biwitc1000

keepa1325

wait1362

tentc1400

attendc1420

to take guard1426

tend?1521

to have the care of1579

to have, take, give (the) charge of1611

mind1640

to have, take in charge1665

tutor1682

attend1796

shepherda1822

mother1851

1682 A. Peden in Life (1902) x. 209 Our blessed second Adam hath our Stock in guiding and he tutors it better.

5. intransitive. To study under a tutor. U.S.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > study > [verb (intransitive)] > study under tutor or coach

grind1835

coach1848

tutor1900

1900 C. C. Munn Uncle Terry 55 I tutored some, read law, and was admitted to the bar.

1920 F. S. Fitzgerald This Side of Paradise i. i. 37 He'll fail his exams, tutor all summer..and flunk out in the middle of the freshman year.

Derivatives

ˈtutored adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > [adjective] > educated or taught > well

well-itowenc1225

well-taughtc1275

lighty?a1425

groundlyc1449

well-informeda1500

well-entered1548

well-instructed1553

well-trained1562

well-educated1598

well-tutored1600

tutored1601

illuminated1661

well-cultured1760

1601 J. Weever Mirror of Martyrs sig. Fij^v His Tutor'd pen..would..still repaire the ruin of my name.

1805 Chron. in Ann. Reg. (1807) XLVII. 475/2 His exhibition consisted of tutored birds. A number of little birds..formed themselves into ranks, like a company of soldiers.

1889 R. B. Smith Life Ld. Lawrence (1911) viii. 124 The little prince..flung himself back..with a tutored obstinacy which was not to be shaken.

ˈtutoring n.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > [noun]

lore971

wissingc1000

wordloreOE

teachingc1175

kenningc1320

lering1377

learningc1380

disciplinea1382

doctrinec1384

ensignment1398

instruction?a1439

schoolc1449

schoolingc1449

document?a1500

instructing1516

entechmenta1522

institution1531

teachment1562

repasting1567

tuition1582

lessoning1583

tutoring1590

loring1596

tutorage1638

indoctrination1646

principling1649

tutorya1713

tutorhood1752

didactic1754

documenting1801

pupillizing1815

tutorizing1837

tutorization1842

tutelagea1856

coachmanship1873

preception1882

1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. C4^v A little tutoring in Diuinitie, & the reuersion of a benefice,..where his godfathers commendatorie letters may preuaile.

1707 in T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 13 June (O.H.S.) II. 20 They must by the Tutoring of Plato maintain the same Doctrine.

1887 G. Saintsbury Hist. Elizabethan Lit. viii. 299 [He] died possessed of landed property..(an unusual result of tutoring).

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	tutor
释义	tutorn. Brit. /ˈtjuːtə/, /ˈtʃuːtə/, U.S. /ˈt(j)udər/ Forms: Also Middle English–1600s tutour, Middle English–1500s tutoure, (Middle English tutowre, Middle English–1600s tutur, 1500s Scottish toutour); 1500s tutar, Scottish tuttar, 1500s–1700s tuter). Etymology: < Old French, Anglo-Norman tutour (modern French tuteur = Spanish tutor, Portuguese tutor, Italian tutore), or < Latin tūtor watcher, protector, < tuērī to watch, guard. †1. A guardian, custodian, keeper; a protector, defender. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian or custodian herd971 wardena1290 keepera1300 yemerc1330 looker1340 tutor1377 actorc1384 conservator1447 custosc1450 guardian1477 custodier?c1500 custode1543 guardant1592 custodian1602 supervisor1691 vigilant1822 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. i. 56 Kynde witte be wardeyne ȝowre welthe to kepe, And tutour of ȝoure tresore and take it ȝow at nede. 1425 Ordinances Whittington's Alms-house (modernized text) in J. Entick New Hist. London (1766) IV. 354 To be one principal, which shal pas al other in power..and be called tutor. 1425 Ordinances Whittington's Alms-house (modernized text) in J. Entick New Hist. London (1766) IV. 354 The seid tutour. c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 16 The kynge..behestid hym-self to be a tutur and defensur of hym and of hys. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 507/2 Tutowre, tutor. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 284/1 Tutar, tuteur. 1562 Bp. J. Pilkington Expos. Abdyas 85 The poore oppressed people, whom God takes in to his custodie to be their tutor. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Fiv^v/2 A Tuter, tutor. ?1602 Narcissus (MS Bodl. Rawl. poet. 212) (1893) 276 O thou which hast thy staffe to bee thy tutor. 2. One who has the custody of a ward; a guardian. †a. in gen. sense. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Gal. iv. 2 How moche tyme the eyr is litil..he is vndir tutouris and actouris. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) iv. xxxviii. 64 They leden the kynge at theyr owne lust,..as tutours, and couratours. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Gal. iv. 2 The heyre as longe as he ys a chylde..is vnder tuters and governers. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. clxxv The tutours..sent ambassadours to the Turke to commend the childe vnto hym. 1564 T. Becon New Catech. in Wks. 533 b The honor that the chyldren owe to their parents and tutors. 1615 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1884) II. 109 [Taking away] a woman childe under eleven yeares of age from..her grandfather and lawfull tutor. 1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Tutour, a defender, he that hath charge to bring vp a childe. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. xviii. 432 That interest which carefull tutours claim in those whose protection they tender. 1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. ii. vi. §59 If the Father..hath not provided a Tutor, to govern his Son, during his Minority..the Law takes care to do it. b. spec. in Roman Law and Scots Law: The guardian and representative, and administrator of the estate, of a person legally incapable, failing the father.tutor dative, tutor nominate, tutor optive, tutor testamentar: see these adjectives. tutor-at-law, tutor of law, or tutor-legitim, the nearest male relative on the father's side, who becomes guardian in the absence or failure of the tutor nominate. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian of minor or incapable person wardenc1290 tutora1387 curate1463 curator1471 guardiana1535 guardianer1595 pro-tutor1664 legal guardian1720 guardy1833 conservator1853 caregiver1966 primary caregiver1972 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 197 Pompeus..hymself fleigh to þe..kyng of Egipt, and axede help of hym, for he was assigned hym by þe senatoures to be his tutor and his wardeyn. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 75 Ptholomeus begynnenge to reigne the v^the yere of his age, legates of Alexandrye preyede the Romanes thei wolde be tutores of þat childe, and defende the realme of Egipte. 1521 in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 39/1 Þe Richt Illustre prince Duke of Albany Tutoure of Law to our said Soverane Lord [James V]. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. ii. ii. f. 11^v/2 He was left tutour testamenter be thair fader. 1546 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. I. 50 Tutrix testamentar to hir barnes and said umquhile Hew. 1575 T. Huntar v. D. Hunter in Balfour Practicks 115 Sum tutoris ar testamentaris, sum tutoris of law, and sum ar tutoris dative. The tutor dative is maid and gevin be the King. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxiii. 215 In ancient times all women which had not husbands nor fathers to gouerne them had their tutors. 1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. i. vi. §5. 56 There be three kinds of Tutors... The first is, Tutor Testamentar, or nominate. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. xvii. 448 The guardian with us performs the office both of the tutor and curator of the Roman laws;..according to the language of the court of chancery, the tutor was the committee of the person, the curator the committee of the estate. a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) I. i. vii. §8 117 In default of tutors-legitim, there is place for tutors-dative. 1826 G. J. Bell Comm. Laws Scotl. (ed. 5) I. 133 Tutors may effectually grant deeds of ordinary administration of their pupil's estate. 1880 J. Muirhead tr. Ulpian Rules xi, in tr. Gaius Institutes 382 Those are tutors-at-law, legitimi, who derive their office from some lex. c. Formerly in Scotland used as a designation with the name of the estate of which the ‘tutor’ had charge. Now Historical. ΚΠ 1529 Reg. Privy Seal Scot. II. 53/1 Ane lettre maid to William Makclellane, tutour of Bomby, his airis and assignais [etc.]. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 89 Ane callit Makclalene..quha was tutour of bombie for the tyme [in 1452]. c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 27 The Erll of Sutherland..with the tutour of Duffus and some seruandis follouit. a1832 W. Scott Mem. Early Years in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Sir W. Scott (1837) I. i. 4 Beardie became..Tutor of Raeburn..that is, guardian to his infant nephew. 3. One employed in the supervision and instruction of a youth in a private household. Also, one engaged to travel abroad with one or more pupils, a travelling or foreign tutor. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > teacher > [noun] > professional teacher > tutor tutor1398 creancer?1478 governor1485 schoolmaster?1500 under-tutor1699 tutorer1824 coach1848 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum vi. v. (Bodl.) lf. 36/2 Þe child [that] knowith goode and yuel is..isette to lore vndur tutours. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxvii. f. lxiii^v Clothayre consyderynge the frowardnesse of growynge in his sone Dagobert assigned to hym a Tutoure, or lerner of worldlye, and Knyghtlye maners. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xvi. sig. Hvi^v Diuers maners of exercises... All these ought he that is a tutor to a noble man to haue in remembrance. 1622 T. Gataker Spirituall Watch (ed. 2) 74 Two home-bred Tutors..that God hath set ouer each of vs, Shame and Feare, the shame of sinne, and the feare of wrath. 1699 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. (ed. 4) §167 Passionate words or blows from the Tutor fill the Child's Mind with Terror and Affrightment. 1701 tr. J. Le Clerc Lives Primitive Fathers 22 Aristobulus a Peripatetick, who is said to have been Tutor to Ptolemy Philometor. 1729 R. Savage Author to be Lett 9 Few foreign Tutors understand the dead Languages. 1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul ii. v. 218 Some subsist by teaching and practising the law; others teach schools, or are tutors to the sons of rich men. a1822 P. B. Shelley Triumph of Life in Posthumous Poems (1824) 261 The tutor and his pupil, whom Dominion Followed as tame as vulture in a chain. 4. a. In the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin: A graduate (most often the fellow of a college), to whom the special supervision of an undergraduate (called his pupil) is assigned. Subsequently also used in other British universities and other further education establishments. Also, in Cambridge and some other universities and colleges, a member of the teaching staff assigned responsibility for the general well-being of a student (cf. moral tutor n. at moral adj. Compounds 2). The word was first used of those who stood in a supervisory relation to undergraduate members of colleges or halls, not on the foundation, and were responsible to the hall or college for their pupils' payments (= creancers: cf. creancer n. 2) By Wykeham's Statutes for New Coll., Oxf., imitated at King's Coll., Camb., and Magdalen Coll., Oxf., each junior foundationer was assigned to the special charge of a senior called his informator. Both these offices appear to have been merged later in the tutor. Naturally the tutor looked after his pupils' studies also, and this came to be the main part of his duties, esp. at Oxford. Tutores are also found at Louvain in 1476 supervising the studies of the scholares (Rashdall Universities of Eur. (1895) II. 766). ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun] > tutor tutorc1610 superviser1616 pupil-mongera1661 college tutor1790 répétiteur1812 tute1895 supervisor1918 c1610 in Brasenose Coll. Quatercent. Monogr. (1909) II. ii. xi. 14 Tradesmen..inveagle young Gentlemen into new and chargeable fashions contrary to the desires of their parents and the directions of their Tutors. a1648 Ld. Herbert Life (1976) 19 As if they meant to proceed Masters of Art and Doctors in some Science, for which purpose their Tutors commonly spend much tyme in teaching them the subtilityes of Logicke. 1653 Register of Visitors Univ. Oxford (1881) 359 That noe man be admitted to the office of a Tutor in any Colledge or Hall that is not first approved of by the respective Head of such Colledge or Hall and the Visitors of the University. 1653 Register of Visitors Univ. Oxford (1881) 360 That all persons of whatever quality soever, untill they be admitted to the Degree of Bachelor of Arts..doe live under the care, tuition, and instruction of approved Tutors. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) A Tutour in the University, is one that takes care to teach and instruct the Youth that are sent thither from inferior Schools; and the Scholar so taught, is call'd the Tutour's Pupil. 1864 J. H. Newman Apologia (1904) i. 7/2 I gave up that office in 1826, when I became Tutor of my College. 1884 C. Dickens, Jr. Dict. Univ. Cambr. 124/2 The Tutor..generally acts as agent for the College in all business transactions with its members... The Tutor himself does not necessarily lecture or teach. Private Tutors are called Coaches. 1884 J. B. Mullinger Univ. Cambr. from 1535 396 The Cambridge system by which the expenditure of the student is supervised to a certain extent by the tutor was in operation as early as the sixteenth century. 1886 R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. I. Introd. 91 In the [Latin] statutes of..Clare Hall [1551]..we meet for the first time at Cambridge with the term tutor, in the modern sense, namely, a fellow of the college who is to be responsible for his pupil's expenses, to explain to him what he has to do and to learn, and..is to be treated by him with filial obedience and respect. 1887 Q. Rev. Oct. 403 By the middle of the sixteenth century, the modern system of admitting students not on the foundation was fully established; and, as a natural result, the office of ‘tutor’ in the present meaning of the term then first appears. 1895 H. Rashdall Univ. Europe in Middle Ages II. 515 It seems probable that before the middle of the fifteenth century the teaching of Undergraduates..was mainly in the hands of Tutors in the Colleges, or Principals and their assistant Regents or non-graduate Lectors in the Halls. Note, The word used both at New College [c1400] and Magdalen [1479] is Informator. At Brasenose College [founded 1509] the word Tutor occurs for the first time, but only in reference to the Fellow who is to be responsible for a Commoner. 1933 Times Lit. Suppl. 14 Dec. 889/3 He [sc. Sir John Sandys] was for long Senior Tutor of his college, a different thing in Cambridge from Oxford. 1980 L. P. Wilkinson Cent. of King's p. xiv Tutor, a Fellow responsible for a student's general welfare. Every student has one. b. In U.S. universities and colleges: ‘A teacher subordinate to a professor, usually appointed for a year or a term of years’ ( Cent. Dict.). ΚΠ 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) Tutors are graduates selected by the governors or trustees, for the instruction of undergraduates... They are usually officers of the institution, who have a share, with the president and professors, in the government of the students. c. private tutor (at the English Universities): A person engaged by students to assist them in their studies and preparation for the examinations, but not appointed or recognized by the University or College. Also, a person who makes it his business to prepare students for professional examinations apart from the universities, as an army tutor, a law tutor. ΚΠ 1827 E. Bulwer-Lytton Falkland i. 15 I was sent to a private tutor. 1840 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 498/1 Although recognised neither by the universities, nor by any particular college, a very numerous class has long existed both at Oxford and Cambridge, who, under the denomination of Private Tutors, superintend and assist the studies of individuals. 1884¹ [see sense 4a]. 5. In some English public schools: a. A senior boy appointed to help a junior in his studies. ΚΠ 1683 A. Hill Life Barrow in I. Barrow Wks. I. sig. a2 Removing thence [sc. from the Charterhouse] to Felsted,..he quickly made so great a progress in Learning..that his Master appointed him a little Tutour to the Lord Viscount Fairfax. 1898 J. Sargeaunt Ann. Westminster vii. 123 The very name of ‘little tutor’ familiar in the schools of the seventeenth century is now wholly forgotten... The ‘little tutor’ was paid for his services and might thus gather a small purse against the time when he should go to the University. 1901 Winchester Coll. Notions 130 The ten Senior Praefects in College are called Tutors. b. A master charged with the special supervision of a particular boy. ΚΠ 1861 J. T. Coleridge Public School Educ. 37 [At Eton] Every Master therefore but the Head Master is also a Tutor and every boy must have his Tutor... Every exercise the pupil does is first submitted to the Tutor for inspection and correction and then carried into school. 1901 Winchester Coll. Notions 130 College Tutor formerly had to correct the composition of College men, but now he helps College Juniors with their work. 6. transferred. As the name of an instruction book in any subject. Now chiefly applied to books of instruction in playing a musical instrument. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > kind of book > textbook or book of instructions > [noun] handbookOE doctrinalc1450 directory1543 school1545 instruction book1546 companion1621 body1647 tutor1665 self-instructor1700 tutorer1702 preceptorc1710 textbook1779 self-instructer1800 bench book1887 user guide1936 user manual1936 text1955 society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > teaching aids > manual or book posture book1631 gymnastics1646 tutor1665 drill-book1846 society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > [noun] > music book > tutor tutor1665 1665 Moxon (title) A Tutor to Astronomy and Geography. 1776 Pennsylvania Evening Post 15 June 299/2 Just published,..a complete Tutor for the Fife. a1916 Mod. An Easy French Tutor. Hémy's Pianoforte Tutor. 1918–19 T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Fall–Winter 383/6 Bellak Piano Tutor..one of the best tutors in use. 1956 F. Reidy in S. Traill Play that Music 108 Any tutor I have ever read says that the tip of the reed should be struck with the tip of the tongue. 1981 Ld. Harewood Tongs & Bones iii. 60 I wanted to learn the clarinet... A beautiful Boehm arrived together with an English ‘tutor’. Compounds attributive and in other combinations, as tutor-companion, tutor-confessor, tutor-farmer, tutor-room; tutor-sick adj. ΚΠ 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 245 I was tutor-sick at alma mater. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm I. 96 The tutor-farmer should be provided with such a plan to give to each of his pupils. 1899 C. K. Paul Memories 247 My tutor days are not satisfactory in the retrospect. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 8 May 2/1 The tutor-confessor was instantly turned out. 1903 Daily Chron. 20 Mar. 6/1 Dr. Jüttner, the tutor-companion, who holds that youth should be allowed to revel in the sunshine. 1906 Mem. Abp. Temple I. 155 The power of the tutor-rooms had over-asserted itself. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022). tutorv. Brit. /ˈtjuːtə/, /ˈtʃuːtə/, U.S. /ˈt(j)udər/ Etymology: < tutor n. 1. a. transitive. To act the part of a tutor towards; to give special or individual instruction to; to teach, instruct (in a subject). ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] i-taechec888 lerec900 iwisseOE to teach a personc1000 wisc1000 ylereOE avayc1315 readc1330 learna1382 informc1384 beteacha1400 form1399 kena1400 redec1400 indoctrinea1450 instructc1449 ensign1474 doctrine1475 introduct1481 lettera1500 endoctrinec1500 to have (a person) in schooling?1553 lesson1555 tutor1592 orthographize1596 pupil1599 con1612 indoctrinate1621 art1628 doctrinate1631 document1648 verse1672 documentizea1734 form1770 intuit1776 skill1809 indoctrinize1861 society > education > teaching > systematic or formal teaching > [verb (transitive)] > tutor or coach tutor1592 teacher1619 tutorize1839 pupillize1840 coach1848 grind1859 pony1865 tute1934 1592 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) vii. xxxvii. 168 The last of our three Phaetons was tuter'd of a Fryer. 1621 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1906) 241 [An accusation of having said] that our hopefull Prince Charles was tutored in the Papist religion. 1740 J. Du Pré tr. P. Mussard Conformity Anc. & Mod. Ceremonies 39 An Old Capuchin tutoring a Novice. 1814 T. Chalmers Evid. Christian Revel. x. 292 His mind is not yet tutored to the philosophy of the subject. 1867 G. A. Macfarren Six Lect. Harmony vi. 218 Their ear being thus tutored. 1903 Times, Lit. Suppl. 2 Oct. 280/1 He was sent away to be tutored in English rectories, whence he proceeded to University College, London. absolute.1892 Nation (N.Y.) 11 Aug. 116/2 Graduate..of experience wishes to tutor for the September examinations. b. With extension: To get (a quality or the like) out or in by instruction or discipline. rare. ΚΠ 1647 J. Hall Poems i. 64 Let not wealth tutor out Our spirits with her gout. 2. To instruct under discipline; to subject to discipline, control, or correction; to school; also to admonish or reprove. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] threac897 threapc897 begripea1000 threata1000 castea1200 chaste?c1225 takec1275 blame1297 chastya1300 sniba1300 withnima1315 undernima1325 rebukec1330 snuba1340 withtakea1340 reprovec1350 chastisea1375 arate1377 challenge1377 undertake1377 reprehenda1382 repreync1390 runta1398 snapea1400 underfoc1400 to call to account1434 to put downc1440 snebc1440 uptakec1440 correptc1449 reformc1450 reprise?c1450 to tell (a person) his (also her, etc.) own1450 control1451 redarguec1475 berisp1481 to hit (cross) one over (of, on) the thumbs1522 checkc1530 admonish1541 nip1548 twig?1550 impreve1552 lesson1555 to take down1562 to haul (a person) over the coals1565 increpate1570 touch1570 school1573 to gather up1577 task1580 redarguate?1590 expostulate1592 tutor1599 sauce1601 snip1601 sneap1611 to take in tax1635 to sharp up1647 round1653 threapen1671 reprimand1681 to take to task1682 document1690 chapter1693 repulse1746 twink1747 to speak to ——1753 haul1795 to pull up1799 carpet1840 rig1841 to talk to1860 to take (a person) to the woodshed1882 rawhide1895 to tell off1897 to tell (someone) where he or she gets off1900 to get on ——1904 to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908 strafe1915 tick1915 woodshed1935 to slap (a person) down1938 sort1941 bind1942 bottle1946 mat1948 ream1950 zap1961 elder1967 1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iii. i. 29 Didst thou not fall out with a taylor for wearing his new doublet before Easter, with an other for tying his new shooes with olde riband; and yet thou wilt tuter me from quarelling? 1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 5 If men were but as good to discipline themselves, as some are to tutor their Horses and Hawks. 1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 40* The fanatic boldnesse of this age that dares tutor Christ to be more strict then he thought fit. 1668 J. Dryden Sr Martin Mar-all i. 7 Sawcy Rascal, avoid my sight; must you tutor me? 1709 Ld. Shaftesbury Sensus Communis: Ess. Freedom of Wit 12 The World, tho it may be taught, will not be tutor'd. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. i. i. 3 France is roused! Long have ye been lecturing and tutoring this poor Nation. 1854 F. D. Maurice Moral & Metaphysical Philos. (ed. 2) II. 9 Seneca..had tutored himself to endure personal injuries without indulging in anger. 1882 R. L. Stevenson Thoreau in Familiar Stud. Men & Bks. (1905) 115 Thoreau had plenty of humour till he tutored himself out of it. 3. To instruct (a person) in a course of action, to tell (one) what to do or say; often in sinister sense: to sophisticate or tamper with (a witness or his evidence). ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [verb (transitive)] > tamper with witness or evidence tutor1757 1757 J. Lind Lett. Navy ii. 77 Notwithstanding all the care that had been taken to manage and tutor his evidence. 1767 J. Wingrave Narr. Cruelties Eliz. Brownrigg 6 After tutoring the girl..what answer to make, and what behaviour to follow. 1826 C. Butler Vindic. Bk. Rom. Catholic Church 126 Emissaries were employed, witnesses tutored,..and even torture applied to procure evidence. 1851 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire III. xxiii. 23 The populace, tutored..or bribed for the purpose, offered him the high priesthood. †4. To take care or charge of. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] hold971 yemeOE biwitc1000 keepa1325 wait1362 tentc1400 attendc1420 to take guard1426 tend?1521 to have the care of1579 to have, take, give (the) charge of1611 mind1640 to have, take in charge1665 tutor1682 attend1796 shepherda1822 mother1851 1682 A. Peden in Life (1902) x. 209 Our blessed second Adam hath our Stock in guiding and he tutors it better. 5. intransitive. To study under a tutor. U.S. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > study > [verb (intransitive)] > study under tutor or coach grind1835 coach1848 tutor1900 1900 C. C. Munn Uncle Terry 55 I tutored some, read law, and was admitted to the bar. 1920 F. S. Fitzgerald This Side of Paradise i. i. 37 He'll fail his exams, tutor all summer..and flunk out in the middle of the freshman year. Derivatives ˈtutored adj. ΘΚΠ society > education > [adjective] > educated or taught > well well-itowenc1225 well-taughtc1275 lighty?a1425 groundlyc1449 well-informeda1500 well-entered1548 well-instructed1553 well-trained1562 well-educated1598 well-tutored1600 tutored1601 illuminated1661 well-cultured1760 1601 J. Weever Mirror of Martyrs sig. Fij^v His Tutor'd pen..would..still repaire the ruin of my name. 1805 Chron. in Ann. Reg. (1807) XLVII. 475/2 His exhibition consisted of tutored birds. A number of little birds..formed themselves into ranks, like a company of soldiers. 1889 R. B. Smith Life Ld. Lawrence (1911) viii. 124 The little prince..flung himself back..with a tutored obstinacy which was not to be shaken. ˈtutoring n. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > [noun] lore971 wissingc1000 wordloreOE teachingc1175 kenningc1320 lering1377 learningc1380 disciplinea1382 doctrinec1384 ensignment1398 instruction?a1439 schoolc1449 schoolingc1449 document?a1500 instructing1516 entechmenta1522 institution1531 teachment1562 repasting1567 tuition1582 lessoning1583 tutoring1590 loring1596 tutorage1638 indoctrination1646 principling1649 tutorya1713 tutorhood1752 didactic1754 documenting1801 pupillizing1815 tutorizing1837 tutorization1842 tutelagea1856 coachmanship1873 preception1882 1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. C4^v A little tutoring in Diuinitie, & the reuersion of a benefice,..where his godfathers commendatorie letters may preuaile. 1707 in T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 13 June (O.H.S.) II. 20 They must by the Tutoring of Plato maintain the same Doctrine. 1887 G. Saintsbury Hist. Elizabethan Lit. viii. 299 [He] died possessed of landed property..(an unusual result of tutoring). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1377v.1590
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