actualityn.

Brit.

/ˌaktʃʊˈalᵻti/, U.S.

/ˌæk(t)ʃəˈwælədi/

Forms: Middle English actualite, Middle English actualyte, 1500s actualtie, 1500s– actuality, 1600s actualitie.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin actualitat-, actualitas.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin actualitat-, actualitas capacity for action, activity (13th cent. in a British source), state of being actual or real (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources) < actualis actual adj. + classical Latin -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare French actualité state of being actual or real (14th cent. in Middle French in an isolated attestation in sense ‘entity’; compare Old French actuaute state of that which is carried out or applied (1253)), and also Catalan actualitat (14th cent.), Spanish actualidad (1532 or earlier), Portuguese atualidade (1657), Italian attualità (1308). Compare actualness n., actualité n.In sense 4b after French actualité real events, current affairs, news (see actualité n.), subsequently also applied to a film on a current affairs topic (especially one of the early such films produced by the Lumière brothers). N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (æ:ktiuˌæ·lĭti) /ˌæktjuːˈælɪtɪ/.

†1. Capacity for action, effective power; activity. Also: an instance of this. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > [noun]

speed971

mightOE

ferec1175

evenc1225

powerc1300

possibilityc1385

actualitya1398

actualnessa1398

mowing?a1425

virtuality1483

cana1500

canning1549

reach1556

capability1587

strain1593

capableness1594

ablesse1598

fathoma1616

dacity1636

factivitya1643

capacity1647

range1695

span1805

quality1856

faculty1859

octane1989

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 114 Þe sonne..haþ most actualite [L. actualitatem] & vertue of worchinge.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια viii. xxxvii. 690 I speake of a body actually perspicuous, beecause the action, or if I may so say, the actuality of it ceaseth when the light fadeth.

1647 H. More Philos. Poems ii. ii. iii. v Yet falls she down at last and lowly lies..sleep doth seise her actualities.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. III 122 God, by reason of his infinite actualitie, permits nothing but what he wils.

1788 N. Tucker tr. E. Swedenborg Wisdom of Angels iii. 162 Powers are the Atmospheres as to their Actualities.

2. An actual thing or fact; an existing condition or circumstance; a reality. Frequently in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] > a reality or a real thing or state of things

visagec1374

fact?1560

actuality1587

reality1613

real1615

realty1616

fact of lifea1806

ground truth1833

1587 J. Bridges Def. Govt. Church of Eng. xv. 1261 Solemne and subtill relations of abilities, potentialities, actualities, and essenties.

1657 Bp. J. Taylor Disc. Friendship 10 The possibilities and the circumstances of converse are the determinations and actualities of it.

1665 J. Glanvill Sciri Tuum: Authors Defense 42 in Scepsis Scientifica These distinct possibilities are founded upon distinct actualities.

1717 J. Gay Three Hours after Marriage ii. 51 They do not affect the motus Primo-primi, or Intentions; only Actualities, Niece.

1743 C. Packe Ανκογραϕια 104 An Authority good enough to receive it as an Actuality or matter of Fact.

1832 S. T. Coleridge Table-talk 5 Apr. 168 The public mind, which substitutes its own undefined notions or passions for real objects and historical actualities.

1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present iv. i. 328 A ‘Virtuality perfected into an Actuality’.

1876 C. M. Davies Unorthodox London (rev. ed.) 250 His words would therefore be few, and directed to the actualities of the case.

1929 G. P. Merrill Minerals from Earth & Sky i. iv. 61 ‘Cosmic dust’ has come to be considered an actuality.

1956 W. Mellers in A. Pryce-Jones New Outl. Mod. Knowl. 345 He believed art to be a dream-image, lifting us above sordid actualities.

1999 W. Soyinka Burden of Memory ii. 110 The actualities that led to the creation of Negritude were palpable and existed in the present continuous.

a. The state of being actual or real; reality, existing objective fact.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun]

truthc1330

acta1398

in existencea1425

realty1440

veritya1634

reality1647

actualness1668

actuality1675

thinghood1845

factual1855

out there1955

1675 J. Howe Living Temple i. iv. 162 An infinite possibility on the part of the creature..and, consequently, a proportionable infinite actuality of power on the Creators part.

1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. ii. 103 The Actuality of its Nature.

1795 T. Pownall Intellect. Physicks vi. 76 This definition is true of an abstract idea, and exists only therein: it is not true in any actuality of existence.

1810 H. Townsend Statist. Surv. County Cork vii. 287 The objection..is not to the certainty, but to the uncertainty of the event, not to the actuality of improvement, but to the precariousness of innovation.

1846 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters (ed. 3) I. 90 To sacrifice a truth of actuality to a truth of feeling.

1867 G. H. Lewes Biogr. Hist. Philos. (ed. 3) I. 313 Which passed from possibility into actuality.

1909 Times 30 Apr. 4/6 The plan appeals by its simplicity and actuality: it is being carried out all the time with visible results.

1942 D. D. Runes Dict. Philos. 230/2 The plight of being confined to the experience of only part of actuality.

2004 I. M. Banks Algebraist (2005) i. 23 In all that flux of chaos, propaganda, distortion, drivel and weirdness, there were nuggets of actuality.

b. in actuality: = in reality at reality n. Phrases 1.

ΚΠ

1677 F. Bampfield All in One 129 Not Essences in Potentiality on the one day, and Existences in Actuality on the other days.

1775 J. Harris Philos. Arrangem. xvi. 397 That there are things existing in act, in reality, in actuality (call it as you please) we have the evidence both of our Senses, and of our internal Consciousness.

1864 G. H. Lewes Aristotle xii. 240 The so-called Intellect of the Vital Principle..has in actuality no existence prior to the act of intelligence.

a1914 C. S. Peirce Coll. Papers (1958) VIII. ii. ix. 247 But if this occasion did in actuality not arise, such habit of thought..would be a nullity.

1950 W. J. Moore Physical Chem. i. 22 Reversible processes are never realizable in actuality since they must be carried out infinitely slowly.

1991 Profession (Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer.) 30/2 We are already in actuality scientists, ready and able,..to settle disagreements by appeals to common experience.

a. Realism in description or representation.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [noun] > work of art > qualities generally

decoruma1568

humoura1568

variety1597

strength1608

uniformity1625

barbarity1644

freedom1645

boldness1677

correctness1684

clinquant1711

unity1712

contrast1713

meretriciousness1727

airiness1734

pathos1739

chastity1760

vigour1774

prettyism1789

mannerism1803

serio-comic1805

actuality1812

largeness1824

local colour1829

subjectivitya1834

idealism1841

pastoralism1842

inartisticalitya1849

academicism1852

realism1856

colour contrast1858

crampedness1858

niggling1858

audacity1859

superreality1859

literalism1860

pseudo-classicism1861

sensationalism1862

sensationism1862

chocolate box1865

pseudo-classicality1867

academism1871

actualism1872

academicalism1874

ethos1875

terribilità1877

local colouring1881

neoclassicism1893

mass effect1902

attack1905

verismo1908

kitsch1921

abstraction1923

self-consciousness1932

surreality1936

tension1941

build-up1942

sprezzatura1957

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > types of narrative or story generally > [noun] > realism of stories, etc.

mimesisa1586

actuality1812

realism1856

realizableness1886

1812 G. Crabbe Tales Pref. p. xix Pope himself has no small portion of this actuality of relation, this nudity of description.

1862 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire VII. lxiv. 83 It invests traditions and legends with the hard colouring of modern actuality.

1879 W. E. Henley in Academy 5 Apr. 298/1 Some of the characters grouped about her have a flavour of actuality.

1921 R. Hichens Spirit of Time ix. 150 And he related a story of a woman, a lover, a deceived husband, jewels and a sale very Parisian, and very much du jour in its after-the-War actuality.

2004 B. Laman James Joyce & German Theory i. 29 The ancients, who followed simple nature and limited themselves to actuality, depended on only one mode of feeling, whether the external form of their poetry was lyric, epic/narrative, or dramatic.

b. The presentation of real events in a film, television or radio programme, etc.; documentary. Also (in plural): scenes of real life depicted on screen. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > broadcasting > television > [noun] > a television broadcast > qualities of

actuality1925

televisibility1942

viewability1950

televisuality1970

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > a film > [noun] > realistic quality of film

actuality1925

vérité1966

1916 Times 6 Sept. 11/4 The first item on the programme was a short and excellent film, also of war actualities.]

1925 Times 6 Oct. 12/4 He had hoped to present Red Russia, a film of actuality, as well as Morosko, founded on a Russian fairy-tale.

1929 H. G. Wells King who was King i. §1. 10 The films began with ‘actualities’, the record of more or less formal current events.

1941 B.B.C. Gloss. Broadcasting Terms 3 Actuality, presentation of real persons and things to give a picture of contemporary life in a particular aspect; documentary.

1944 L. MacNeice Christopher Columbus 12 The radio dramatist..must select his actuality material with great discrimination.

1963 Listener 3 Oct. 501/2 Television is a medium far more successful at documentary or ‘actuality’ than at fiction.

1990 E. Bowser Transformation of Cinema iv. 53 Even though greater numbers of actuality films were still being produced at that time, many more copies of story films were sold.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	actuality
释义	actualityn. Brit. /ˌaktʃʊˈalᵻti/, U.S. /ˌæk(t)ʃəˈwælədi/ Forms: Middle English actualite, Middle English actualyte, 1500s actualtie, 1500s– actuality, 1600s actualitie. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin actualitat-, actualitas. Etymology: < post-classical Latin actualitat-, actualitas capacity for action, activity (13th cent. in a British source), state of being actual or real (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources) < actualis actual adj. + classical Latin -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare French actualité state of being actual or real (14th cent. in Middle French in an isolated attestation in sense ‘entity’; compare Old French actuaute state of that which is carried out or applied (1253)), and also Catalan actualitat (14th cent.), Spanish actualidad (1532 or earlier), Portuguese atualidade (1657), Italian attualità (1308). Compare actualness n., actualité n.In sense 4b after French actualité real events, current affairs, news (see actualité n.), subsequently also applied to a film on a current affairs topic (especially one of the early such films produced by the Lumière brothers). N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (æ:ktiuˌæ·lĭti) /ˌæktjuːˈælɪtɪ/. †1. Capacity for action, effective power; activity. Also: an instance of this. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > [noun] speed971 mightOE ferec1175 evenc1225 powerc1300 possibilityc1385 actualitya1398 actualnessa1398 mowing?a1425 virtuality1483 cana1500 canning1549 reach1556 capability1587 strain1593 capableness1594 ablesse1598 fathoma1616 dacity1636 factivitya1643 capacity1647 range1695 span1805 quality1856 faculty1859 octane1989 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 114 Þe sonne..haþ most actualite [L. actualitatem] & vertue of worchinge. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια viii. xxxvii. 690 I speake of a body actually perspicuous, beecause the action, or if I may so say, the actuality of it ceaseth when the light fadeth. 1647 H. More Philos. Poems ii. ii. iii. v Yet falls she down at last and lowly lies..sleep doth seise her actualities. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. III 122 God, by reason of his infinite actualitie, permits nothing but what he wils. 1788 N. Tucker tr. E. Swedenborg Wisdom of Angels iii. 162 Powers are the Atmospheres as to their Actualities. 2. An actual thing or fact; an existing condition or circumstance; a reality. Frequently in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] > a reality or a real thing or state of things visagec1374 fact?1560 actuality1587 reality1613 real1615 realty1616 fact of lifea1806 ground truth1833 1587 J. Bridges Def. Govt. Church of Eng. xv. 1261 Solemne and subtill relations of abilities, potentialities, actualities, and essenties. 1657 Bp. J. Taylor Disc. Friendship 10 The possibilities and the circumstances of converse are the determinations and actualities of it. 1665 J. Glanvill Sciri Tuum: Authors Defense 42 in Scepsis Scientifica These distinct possibilities are founded upon distinct actualities. 1717 J. Gay Three Hours after Marriage ii. 51 They do not affect the motus Primo-primi, or Intentions; only Actualities, Niece. 1743 C. Packe Ανκογραϕια 104 An Authority good enough to receive it as an Actuality or matter of Fact. 1832 S. T. Coleridge Table-talk 5 Apr. 168 The public mind, which substitutes its own undefined notions or passions for real objects and historical actualities. 1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present iv. i. 328 A ‘Virtuality perfected into an Actuality’. 1876 C. M. Davies Unorthodox London (rev. ed.) 250 His words would therefore be few, and directed to the actualities of the case. 1929 G. P. Merrill Minerals from Earth & Sky i. iv. 61 ‘Cosmic dust’ has come to be considered an actuality. 1956 W. Mellers in A. Pryce-Jones New Outl. Mod. Knowl. 345 He believed art to be a dream-image, lifting us above sordid actualities. 1999 W. Soyinka Burden of Memory ii. 110 The actualities that led to the creation of Negritude were palpable and existed in the present continuous. 3. a. The state of being actual or real; reality, existing objective fact. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] truthc1330 acta1398 in existencea1425 realty1440 veritya1634 reality1647 actualness1668 actuality1675 thinghood1845 factual1855 out there1955 1675 J. Howe Living Temple i. iv. 162 An infinite possibility on the part of the creature..and, consequently, a proportionable infinite actuality of power on the Creators part. 1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. ii. 103 The Actuality of its Nature. 1795 T. Pownall Intellect. Physicks vi. 76 This definition is true of an abstract idea, and exists only therein: it is not true in any actuality of existence. 1810 H. Townsend Statist. Surv. County Cork vii. 287 The objection..is not to the certainty, but to the uncertainty of the event, not to the actuality of improvement, but to the precariousness of innovation. 1846 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters (ed. 3) I. 90 To sacrifice a truth of actuality to a truth of feeling. 1867 G. H. Lewes Biogr. Hist. Philos. (ed. 3) I. 313 Which passed from possibility into actuality. 1909 Times 30 Apr. 4/6 The plan appeals by its simplicity and actuality: it is being carried out all the time with visible results. 1942 D. D. Runes Dict. Philos. 230/2 The plight of being confined to the experience of only part of actuality. 2004 I. M. Banks Algebraist (2005) i. 23 In all that flux of chaos, propaganda, distortion, drivel and weirdness, there were nuggets of actuality. b. in actuality: = in reality at reality n. Phrases 1. ΚΠ 1677 F. Bampfield All in One 129 Not Essences in Potentiality on the one day, and Existences in Actuality on the other days. 1775 J. Harris Philos. Arrangem. xvi. 397 That there are things existing in act, in reality, in actuality (call it as you please) we have the evidence both of our Senses, and of our internal Consciousness. 1864 G. H. Lewes Aristotle xii. 240 The so-called Intellect of the Vital Principle..has in actuality no existence prior to the act of intelligence. a1914 C. S. Peirce Coll. Papers (1958) VIII. ii. ix. 247 But if this occasion did in actuality not arise, such habit of thought..would be a nullity. 1950 W. J. Moore Physical Chem. i. 22 Reversible processes are never realizable in actuality since they must be carried out infinitely slowly. 1991 Profession (Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer.) 30/2 We are already in actuality scientists, ready and able,..to settle disagreements by appeals to common experience. 4. a. Realism in description or representation. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [noun] > work of art > qualities generally decoruma1568 humoura1568 variety1597 strength1608 uniformity1625 barbarity1644 freedom1645 boldness1677 correctness1684 clinquant1711 unity1712 contrast1713 meretriciousness1727 airiness1734 pathos1739 chastity1760 vigour1774 prettyism1789 mannerism1803 serio-comic1805 actuality1812 largeness1824 local colour1829 subjectivitya1834 idealism1841 pastoralism1842 inartisticalitya1849 academicism1852 realism1856 colour contrast1858 crampedness1858 niggling1858 audacity1859 superreality1859 literalism1860 pseudo-classicism1861 sensationalism1862 sensationism1862 chocolate box1865 pseudo-classicality1867 academism1871 actualism1872 academicalism1874 ethos1875 terribilità1877 local colouring1881 neoclassicism1893 mass effect1902 attack1905 verismo1908 kitsch1921 abstraction1923 self-consciousness1932 surreality1936 tension1941 build-up1942 sprezzatura1957 society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > types of narrative or story generally > [noun] > realism of stories, etc. mimesisa1586 actuality1812 realism1856 realizableness1886 1812 G. Crabbe Tales Pref. p. xix Pope himself has no small portion of this actuality of relation, this nudity of description. 1862 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire VII. lxiv. 83 It invests traditions and legends with the hard colouring of modern actuality. 1879 W. E. Henley in Academy 5 Apr. 298/1 Some of the characters grouped about her have a flavour of actuality. 1921 R. Hichens Spirit of Time ix. 150 And he related a story of a woman, a lover, a deceived husband, jewels and a sale very Parisian, and very much du jour in its after-the-War actuality. 2004 B. Laman James Joyce & German Theory i. 29 The ancients, who followed simple nature and limited themselves to actuality, depended on only one mode of feeling, whether the external form of their poetry was lyric, epic/narrative, or dramatic. b. The presentation of real events in a film, television or radio programme, etc.; documentary. Also (in plural): scenes of real life depicted on screen. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > communication > broadcasting > television > [noun] > a television broadcast > qualities of actuality1925 televisibility1942 viewability1950 televisuality1970 society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > a film > [noun] > realistic quality of film actuality1925 vérité1966 1916 Times 6 Sept. 11/4 The first item on the programme was a short and excellent film, also of war actualities.] 1925 Times 6 Oct. 12/4 He had hoped to present Red Russia, a film of actuality, as well as Morosko, founded on a Russian fairy-tale. 1929 H. G. Wells King who was King i. §1. 10 The films began with ‘actualities’, the record of more or less formal current events. 1941 B.B.C. Gloss. Broadcasting Terms 3 Actuality, presentation of real persons and things to give a picture of contemporary life in a particular aspect; documentary. 1944 L. MacNeice Christopher Columbus 12 The radio dramatist..must select his actuality material with great discrimination. 1963 Listener 3 Oct. 501/2 Television is a medium far more successful at documentary or ‘actuality’ than at fiction. 1990 E. Bowser Transformation of Cinema iv. 53 Even though greater numbers of actuality films were still being produced at that time, many more copies of story films were sold. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1398
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