twitcheln.¹

Brit.

/ˈtwɪtʃl/, U.S.

/ˈtwɪtʃ(ə)l/

Forms: early Middle English twicele (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English tuechele, Middle English twechell, Middle English twychel, Middle English twychele, Middle English twychell, Middle English twychelle, Middle English twychylle, late Middle English twachylle, 1600s twitchel; English regional 1700s– twitchell, 1800s twichell (Yorkshire), 1800s twitchil (Yorkshire), 1800s twitchill (Derbyshire), 1800s– twitchel (northern and eastern), 1900s– twichel (Hertfordshire).

Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: twitchen n.

Etymology: Probably an alteration (with suffix substitution: see -el suffix¹) of twitchen n.Compare the early place name Tuchel , Devon (1086; 1281 as Twychene , now Twitchen), apparently referring to two tracks crossing at the location; compare twitchen n. The word is attested frequently in early topographical surnames (compare quot. 1327), in some of which it may denote a crossroads or even a fork in a stream (compare quot. c1196), rather than a narrow lane. Late Middle English twachylle, attested in quot. c1460 in use with reference to the female genitals, is usually assumed to show extended use of the sense ‘narrow passage’, but it is not entirely certain that this is the same word. Perhaps compare later twat n. and also twitchet n. (No corroborating evidence has been found for the assertion found in some slang dictionaries that twatchel , twachel , etc., were current from the mid 17th cent. to the early 19th cent. as diminutives of twat n.; this may ultimately reflect misapprehension of antiquarian coverage of the late Middle English use.) Compare English regional (northern) twitch narrow passage, short, steep twist in a road (late 18th cent.), probably shortened < twitchel n.¹, perhaps further influenced by twitch n.¹ Compare also twitten n.

English regional in later use (now chiefly east midlands).

A narrow lane or alley; a narrow passage between walls or hedges. In early use also probably: a place where a road (or stream) forks. Cf. twitchen n.In quot. 1327 in a surname.In quot. c1460 apparently in extended use with reference to the female genitals; see discussion in etymology.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > lane > [noun]

lane971

twitchenOE

twitchelc1196

loaning1324

loan1362

stowc1440

strait1622

laning1638

slip1739

drong1787

loke1787

twittena1798

boreen1841

hutung1922

c1196 ( Royal Charter: Æðelred II to Eynsham Abbey (Sawyer 911) in J. M. Kemble Codex Diplomaticus (1845) III. 343 Andlang broces oð ða twicelan.

1327 in G. Kristensson Stud. Middle Eng. Topogr. Terms (1970) 44 Ad. atte Twychele.

1435 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1883) II. 357 Ye comon twechell yat lyges on ye northe syd ye Fleshusse, iijs. Also ye Comons has a twychel yat lyges on ye norht syd ye Fleshusse taward ye est end.

c1460 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Laud) in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) II. 28 She..wyth her twachylle [c1475 Cambr. croked instrument] wille encrece and multeply.

?1695 Proposals Coining New Money 3 In most Country Towns (except in Market-Towns) Houses have Twitchels between them.

a1800 S. Pegge Suppl. Grose's Provinc. Gloss. (1814) Twitchell, a narrow passage, or alley, not a thoroughfare. Derb.

1848 A. B. Evans Leicestershire Words Twitchell, a narrow passage or alley between houses.

1889 Notice in Shillington, Bedfordshire in Notes & Queries 6 Apr. 275/2 All persons passing by this Twitchel are requested to go up or down directly.

a1930 D. H. Lawrence Mr. Noon iii, in Mod. Lover (1934) 209 She disappeared between the dark hedges of the twitchel.

1979 A. Sillitoe Storyteller i. i. 18 He knew the alleys and twitchells like the back of his big maulers.

2006 Evening Post (Nottingham) (Nexis) 26 Sept. 12 They dump the cars and then run up the twitchel to escape through the park.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† twitcheln.²

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: twitch v.¹, -el suffix¹.

Etymology: < twitch v.¹ (compare sense 5a at that entry) + -el suffix¹.Compare twitch n.¹ 1b, and discussion of early evidence at that entry.

Obsolete (chiefly English regional in later use).

Any of various devices for restraining or catching an animal; spec. a twitch (twitch n.¹ 1b) for restraining a horse.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > hobble or fetter

cubbelc1230

pastern1284

lock1384

langle1394

spannel1398

warlockc1440

curb1477

hough-band1568

foot widdy1569

curble1598

spancel1610

hopple1641

twitchel1689

collaring1692

hobble1744

sideline1803

hog-tie1902

pigging-string1924

1689 [implied in: J. Chetham Angler's Vade Mecum (ed. 2) Pref. The Unlawful practice..of Damming, Groping, Spearing, Hanging, Twitchelling, [etc.]. (at twitchelling n.)].

1758 P. Markham Final Warning to Public to avoid Detected Poison 34 Some thought him a fool..; like a dog with his tail in a twitchel, who may be mistaken for mad or thought peevish from his frantic gestures, till the cleft-stick on his tail is observed.

1841 C. H. Hartshorne Salopia Antiqua at Twitchel To twitch a horse, or apply to him a twitchel or twitch.

1882 J. H. Nodal & G. Milnar Gloss. Lancashire Dial. Twitchel, a short wooden lever with a loop of rope fastened to one end; the rope is put round the lower jaw of an unruly horse, and the stick is twisted round.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019).

† twitchelv.

Forms: 1800s twitchell, 1800s–1900s twitchel.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: twitchel n.²

Etymology: < twitchel n.²

English regional (northern and midlands). Obsolete.

1. transitive. To castrate (an animal) by means of a cleft stick placed over the testicles. Cf. twitch v.¹ 5c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > castrate

geldc1225

lib1396

stone1584

caponize1654

alter1821

twitchel1826

doctor1834

neuter1903

fix1930

capon-

1826 R. Wilbraham Attempt Gloss. Cheshire (ed. 2) 86 Twitchel, to geld a bull or ram by forcing the chords of his testicles into a cleft stick, so that the chords rot and the testicles fall off.

2. transitive. To hobble or restrict (an animal) by means of a noose or cord, or by fastening a tin can or other object to the tail. Cf. twitchelled adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [verb (transitive)] > hobble

warlocka1400

langlec1440

hopple1586

impester1601

trammel1607

wisp1607

spancel1610

side-hankle1627

sidelanga1642

sidelangle1660

side-span1660

hamshackle1802

hobble1804

twitchel1826

sideline1837

span1847

heel1887

1826 R. Wilbraham Attempt Gloss. Cheshire (ed. 2) 86 Twitchel, to tie any living creature, a horse or a dog, with a sharp tight cord to confine him.

1882 B. Brierley Pop. Edition Tales & Sketches Lancs. Life: Daisy Nook Sketches 57 A donkey..took off up th' fielt as ill as if it had bin twitcheled.

1905 Notes & Queries 6 May 351/2 [Worksop] The cruel sport of tying an old tin to a dog's tail is called ‘twitchelling’ it.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

n.¹c1196

n.²1689

v.1826

单词	twitchel
释义	twitcheln.¹ Brit. /ˈtwɪtʃl/, U.S. /ˈtwɪtʃ(ə)l/ Forms: early Middle English twicele (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English tuechele, Middle English twechell, Middle English twychel, Middle English twychele, Middle English twychell, Middle English twychelle, Middle English twychylle, late Middle English twachylle, 1600s twitchel; English regional 1700s– twitchell, 1800s twichell (Yorkshire), 1800s twitchil (Yorkshire), 1800s twitchill (Derbyshire), 1800s– twitchel (northern and eastern), 1900s– twichel (Hertfordshire). Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: twitchen n. Etymology: Probably an alteration (with suffix substitution: see -el suffix¹) of twitchen n.Compare the early place name Tuchel , Devon (1086; 1281 as Twychene , now Twitchen), apparently referring to two tracks crossing at the location; compare twitchen n. The word is attested frequently in early topographical surnames (compare quot. 1327), in some of which it may denote a crossroads or even a fork in a stream (compare quot. c1196), rather than a narrow lane. Late Middle English twachylle, attested in quot. c1460 in use with reference to the female genitals, is usually assumed to show extended use of the sense ‘narrow passage’, but it is not entirely certain that this is the same word. Perhaps compare later twat n. and also twitchet n. (No corroborating evidence has been found for the assertion found in some slang dictionaries that twatchel , twachel , etc., were current from the mid 17th cent. to the early 19th cent. as diminutives of twat n.; this may ultimately reflect misapprehension of antiquarian coverage of the late Middle English use.) Compare English regional (northern) twitch narrow passage, short, steep twist in a road (late 18th cent.), probably shortened < twitchel n.¹, perhaps further influenced by twitch n.¹ Compare also twitten n. English regional in later use (now chiefly east midlands). A narrow lane or alley; a narrow passage between walls or hedges. In early use also probably: a place where a road (or stream) forks. Cf. twitchen n.In quot. 1327 in a surname.In quot. c1460 apparently in extended use with reference to the female genitals; see discussion in etymology. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > lane > [noun] lane971 twitchenOE twitchelc1196 loaning1324 loan1362 stowc1440 strait1622 laning1638 slip1739 drong1787 loke1787 twittena1798 boreen1841 hutung1922 c1196 ( Royal Charter: Æðelred II to Eynsham Abbey (Sawyer 911) in J. M. Kemble Codex Diplomaticus (1845) III. 343 Andlang broces oð ða twicelan. 1327 in G. Kristensson Stud. Middle Eng. Topogr. Terms (1970) 44 Ad. atte Twychele. 1435 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1883) II. 357 Ye comon twechell yat lyges on ye northe syd ye Fleshusse, iijs. Also ye Comons has a twychel yat lyges on ye norht syd ye Fleshusse taward ye est end. c1460 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Laud) in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) II. 28 She..wyth her twachylle [c1475 Cambr. croked instrument] wille encrece and multeply. ?1695 Proposals Coining New Money 3 In most Country Towns (except in Market-Towns) Houses have Twitchels between them. a1800 S. Pegge Suppl. Grose's Provinc. Gloss. (1814) Twitchell, a narrow passage, or alley, not a thoroughfare. Derb. 1848 A. B. Evans Leicestershire Words Twitchell, a narrow passage or alley between houses. 1889 Notice in Shillington, Bedfordshire in Notes & Queries 6 Apr. 275/2 All persons passing by this Twitchel are requested to go up or down directly. a1930 D. H. Lawrence Mr. Noon iii, in Mod. Lover (1934) 209 She disappeared between the dark hedges of the twitchel. 1979 A. Sillitoe Storyteller i. i. 18 He knew the alleys and twitchells like the back of his big maulers. 2006 Evening Post (Nottingham) (Nexis) 26 Sept. 12 They dump the cars and then run up the twitchel to escape through the park. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † twitcheln.² Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: twitch v.¹, -el suffix¹. Etymology: < twitch v.¹ (compare sense 5a at that entry) + -el suffix¹.Compare twitch n.¹ 1b, and discussion of early evidence at that entry. Obsolete (chiefly English regional in later use). Any of various devices for restraining or catching an animal; spec. a twitch (twitch n.¹ 1b) for restraining a horse. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > hobble or fetter cubbelc1230 pastern1284 lock1384 langle1394 spannel1398 warlockc1440 curb1477 hough-band1568 foot widdy1569 curble1598 spancel1610 hopple1641 twitchel1689 collaring1692 hobble1744 sideline1803 hog-tie1902 pigging-string1924 1689 [implied in: J. Chetham Angler's Vade Mecum (ed. 2) Pref. The Unlawful practice..of Damming, Groping, Spearing, Hanging, Twitchelling, [etc.]. (at twitchelling n.)]. 1758 P. Markham Final Warning to Public to avoid Detected Poison 34 Some thought him a fool..; like a dog with his tail in a twitchel, who may be mistaken for mad or thought peevish from his frantic gestures, till the cleft-stick on his tail is observed. 1841 C. H. Hartshorne Salopia Antiqua at Twitchel To twitch a horse, or apply to him a twitchel or twitch. 1882 J. H. Nodal & G. Milnar Gloss. Lancashire Dial. Twitchel, a short wooden lever with a loop of rope fastened to one end; the rope is put round the lower jaw of an unruly horse, and the stick is twisted round. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019). † twitchelv. Forms: 1800s twitchell, 1800s–1900s twitchel. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: twitchel n.² Etymology: < twitchel n.² English regional (northern and midlands). Obsolete. 1. transitive. To castrate (an animal) by means of a cleft stick placed over the testicles. Cf. twitch v.¹ 5c. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > castrate geldc1225 lib1396 stone1584 caponize1654 alter1821 twitchel1826 doctor1834 neuter1903 fix1930 capon- 1826 R. Wilbraham Attempt Gloss. Cheshire (ed. 2) 86 Twitchel, to geld a bull or ram by forcing the chords of his testicles into a cleft stick, so that the chords rot and the testicles fall off. 2. transitive. To hobble or restrict (an animal) by means of a noose or cord, or by fastening a tin can or other object to the tail. Cf. twitchelled adj. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [verb (transitive)] > hobble warlocka1400 langlec1440 hopple1586 impester1601 trammel1607 wisp1607 spancel1610 side-hankle1627 sidelanga1642 sidelangle1660 side-span1660 hamshackle1802 hobble1804 twitchel1826 sideline1837 span1847 heel1887 1826 R. Wilbraham Attempt Gloss. Cheshire (ed. 2) 86 Twitchel, to tie any living creature, a horse or a dog, with a sharp tight cord to confine him. 1882 B. Brierley Pop. Edition Tales & Sketches Lancs. Life: Daisy Nook Sketches 57 A donkey..took off up th' fielt as ill as if it had bin twitcheled. 1905 Notes & Queries 6 May 351/2 [Worksop] The cruel sport of tying an old tin to a dog's tail is called ‘twitchelling’ it. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.¹c1196n.²1689v.1826
随便看	unspirited unspiritedness unspiritual unspiritualise unspiritualised unspiritualises unspiritualising unspirituality unspiritualize unspiritualized unspiritualizes unspiritualizing unspiritually unspiritualness unspit unspleened unspleeted unsplendid unsplint unsplinterable unsplit unsplittable unspoil unspoilable unspoilableness

twitcheln.1

† twitcheln.2

† twitchelv.

twitcheln.¹

† twitcheln.²