† underfongv.

Forms: Past tense Middle English -fanged, -id, -fonged.

Etymology: under- prefix¹ 4a(a) + fang v.¹ Compare underfo v. and Middle Dutch and Dutch ondervangen, Middle Low German undervangen, German unterfangen.

Obsolete.

a. transitive. = underfo v. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > acquisition > receiving > receive [verb (transitive)] > be given

underfoc888

afangOE

underfongc1175

getc1300

latchc1300

undertake1393

receivea1400

to take up1639

to come into ——1672

to fall in for1788

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 51 Hwenne þu scrift underuongest of þe sunnen þe þu idon hauest.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11112 Forr tunnderrfanngenn cristenndom. & fulluhht unnderr criste.

a1300 K. Horn (Harl.) 345 Shame þe mote by shoure, Ant euel hap to vnderfonge.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 5259 To vnder-fonge in fee al þat faire reaume.

c1400 St. Alexius (Trin.) 44 Þo þis child to cherche com, To vnderfonge cristendom.

c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 3075 At the last we shal vndirfong For oure reward grete maugre.

1553 T. Becon Relikes of Rome (1563) 253 Al y^t..giuen or vnderfongen in way of simonie.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Nov. 22 If thou..lust light virelayes, And looser songs of loue to vnderfong.

b. = underfo v. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > approve of, accept, or sanction [verb (transitive)]

loveeOE

underfoc1000

underfong?c1225

undertakea1250

provec1300

allowa1325

favour1340

approvec1380

seem?c1450

conprovec1503

avow1530

rectify1567

annuate1585

to be for1590

sancite1597

improve1603

applauda1616

acclamate1624

resenta1646

own1649

comprobate1660

sanction1797

likea1825

approbate1833

to hold with (arch. of, on, for)1895

agree1900

endorse1914

condone1962

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 31 Leauedi seinte marie..vnder feng mi gretunge. wið þet ilke aue.

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 1015 Ich vnder-fong þis present, & þonke hir þat it hider sent; Hir druerie ich vnder-fong.

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. iii. 208 Þe pope and his prelates presentes vnderfongen.

c1400 Prymer in W. Maskell Monumenta Ritualia Ecclesiae Anglicanae (1846) II. 107 God, to whom it is propre to be merciful,..vndirfonge oure preieris.

c. To comprehend; to conceive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > understand [verb (transitive)]

yknoweOE

acknowOE

anyeteOE

latchc1000

undernimc1000

understandc1000

underyetec1000

afindOE

knowOE

seeOE

onfangc1175

takec1175

underfindc1200

underfonga1300

undertakea1300

kenc1330

gripea1340

comprehend1340

comprendc1374

espyc1374

perceivea1387

to take for ——?1387

catcha1398

conceivea1398

intenda1400

overtakea1400

tenda1400

havec1405

henta1450

comprise1477

skilla1500

brook1548

apprend1567

compass1576

perstanda1577

endue1590

sound1592

engrasp1593

in1603

fathom1611

resent1614

receivea1616

to take up1617

apprehend1631

to take in1646

grasp1680

understumblec1681

forstand1682

savvy1686

overstand1699

uptake1726

nouse1779

twig1815

undercumstand1824

absorb1840

sense1844

undercumstumble1854

seize1855

intelligize1865

dig1935

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > conception > conceive [verb (transitive)]

onfangOE

underfoa1100

afanglOE

understandc1200

underfonga1300

conceptionc1350

conceivea1400

concept1603

a1300 Cursor Mundi 1542 For-þi lete god þam lijf sua lang þat þai moght seke and vnderfang þe kynd o thinges þat þan were dern.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10354 A maiden child noght þar-to lang, O þe þi wijf sal vnder-fang.

2. = underfo v. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > make friends with [verb (transitive)] > accept (a person) as a friend > receive or admit (someone) to society or friendship

underfo924

underfonga1175

to take upc1384

adopt1757

society > leisure > social event > visit > visiting > visit [verb (transitive)] > receive as visitor

underfo924

afangOE

underfonga1175

fangc1275

upfoa1300

seec1500

entertain1559

a1175 Cott. Hom. 239 Þer beoð anu ȝeredie þe wereȝede gastes, þe hine uniredlice underfangeð mid stiarne swupen.

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 84 Nedlunge ȝe moten underuongen me... Hwo se underuongeð me gledliche & makeð me ueire chere [etc.].

a1400 Coer de L. 743 The kyng comaunded..In strong presoun they schuld be done. His jayler hem gan underfong, And took Kyng Rychard be the hond.

a1400–50 Alexander (Dublin) 2793 And erls of our empire..Karyn þaim to sir Alexander,..And he þaim fair vnderfongez & feffys þaim in Landes.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) l. 226 Be thow tornid to me, thow synfulle soule, and I shalle vnderfonge the.

1553 T. Becon Relikes of Rome (1563) 253 That no man vndirfong or take any folke into his house.

3. = underfo v. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)]

underfoc893

fandOE

onfangOE

undernimc1000

takec1175

to take tillc1175

to take toa1250

underfongc1330

undertakea1340

to take in (also on) handa1350

undertakec1385

attamec1386

to take in (also on) handc1390

embrace1393

emprisec1410

to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410

to go upon ——c1450

enterprise?1473

to set (one's) hand to1477

go?a1500

accept1524

assume1530

to hent in (also upon) handc1540

to swallow up1544

to take to task1546

to go into ——?1548

to set in hand1548

to fare about1563

entertain1569

undergo1606

to set about ——1611

to take up1660

to come at ——1901

c1330 Amis & Amil. 1255 Yif thou this bataile vnderfong, Thou schalt haue an euentour strong.

c1400 Rom. Rose 5710 He vndirfongith a gret peyne That vndirtakith to drynke vp seyne.

1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes Prol. 35 To under~fong this labour they him prey.

?1525 La Conusaunce Damours (Pynson) c j Our ornate Chaucer other bokes amonge In his lyfe dayes dyd vnderfonge To translate..the sayd story.

?a1534 H. Medwall Nature ii. sig. eiii Hard yt wyll be for vs..Agayn them warre or batayll to vnderfong.

4. = underfo v. 4. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)]

thave835

i-dreeeOE

tholec897

abeareOE

underbearc950

adreeOE

dreeOE

driveOE

i-tholeOE

throwOE

underfoc1000

bearOE

bidec1200

suffera1250

abidec1275

drinka1340

endure1340

underfong1382

receivec1384

abyea1393

sustain1398

finda1400

undergoa1400

get?c1430

underganga1470

ponder?a1525

a dog's lifea1528

tolerate1531

to stand to ——1540

to feel the weight of?1553

enjoy1577

carry1583

abrook1594

to stand under ——a1616

to fall a victim to1764

the mind > emotion > suffering > suffer mental pain [verb (transitive)]

thave835

i-dreeeOE

tholec897

underbearc950

adreeOE

dreeOE

driveOE

i-tholeOE

throwOE

underfoc1000

bearOE

takec1175

bidec1200

suffera1250

leadc1330

drinka1340

endure1340

wielda1375

underfong1382

receivec1384

sustain1398

finda1400

undergoa1400

underganga1470

ponder?a1525

tolerate1531

to go through ——1535

to feel the weight of?1553

enjoy1577

carry1583

abrook1594

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Rev. Prol. What sche [sc. the church] schal suffre in this present tyme, and what sche schal vndurfonge in tyme to come.

5. To seduce, entrap, overcome.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > entrap, ensnare [verb (transitive)]

shrenchc897

beswike971

betrapa1000

bewindOE

undernimc1175

undertakec1175

bisayc1200

beguile?c1225

catchc1225

beginc1250

biwilea1275

tele?a1300

enginec1300

lime13..

umwrithea1340

engrin1340

oblige1340

belimec1350

enlacec1374

girnc1375

encumber138.

gnarec1380

enwrap1382

briguea1387

snarl1387

upbroid1387

trap1390

entrikea1393

englue1393

gildera1400

aguilec1400

betraisec1400

embrygec1400

snare1401

lacea1425

maska1425

begluec1430

marl1440

supprise?c1450

to prey ona1500

attrap1524

circumvene1526

entangle1526

tangle1526

entrap1531

mesh1532

embrake1542

crawl1548

illaqueate1548

intricate1548

inveigle1551

circumvent1553

felter1567

besnare1571

in trick1572

ensnare1576

overcatch1577

underfong1579

salt1580

entoil1581

comprehend1584

windlassa1586

folda1592

solicit1592

toil1592

bait1600

beset1600

engage1603

benet1604

imbrier1605

ambush1611

inknot1611

enmesha1616

trammela1616

fool1620

pinion1621

aucupate1630

fang1637

surprise1642

underreacha1652

trepan1656

ensnarl1658

stalk1659

irretiate1660

coil1748

nail1766

net1803

to rope in1840

mousetrap1870

spider1891

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. June 103 Thou..that by trecheree Didst vnderfong my lasse, to wexe so light.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. ii. sig. N3^v With his powre he..Makes them subiect to his mighty wrong; And some by sleight he eke doth vnderfong .

1614 J. Davies in W. Browne Shepheards Pipe sig. G5 For, time will vnderfong vs; and our voice Woll woxon weake.

6. To surround, enclose. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)]

beloukOE

pind?c1225

closec1275

beshuta1300

to shut about13..

umbclosec1330

to close about1340

aclosec1350

in close1393

enclose?a1400

tinec1400

concludea1425

includec1425

wallc1430

underclosec1440

inclusea1450

hedgec1500

lista1513

inrail1523

interclude1524

fence1535

parclose1535

riba1547

pale1570

impale1579

embay1582

immure1583

upclosec1590

enchase1591

interclose1592

recinct1598

underfong1599

intermure1606

bound1609

engirt1627

bosom1637

infence1652

cancellate1664

circumclude1677

embosomc1750

comprehend1807

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 14 They haue towres vpon them sixteene: mounts vnderfonging & enflancking them.

Derivatives

† underˈfonging n. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > acquisition > receiving > [noun] > acceptance

underfonging1340

acceptionc1384

acceptation1426

accepting1439

entertaininga1492

acceptance1534

entertainment1586

take-up1946

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 37 Þe ontrewe reuen..þet..rekeneþ more ine dedes and ine spendinge an lesse ine onderuonginge and ine rentes.

c1400 N. Love tr. Bonaventura Mirror Life Christ (1908) xiv. 90 His souereyn mekenes in the vnderfongynge of his baptisme.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	underfong
释义	† underfongv. Forms: Past tense Middle English -fanged, -id, -fonged. Etymology: under- prefix¹ 4a(a) + fang v.¹ Compare underfo v. and Middle Dutch and Dutch ondervangen, Middle Low German undervangen, German unterfangen. Obsolete. 1. a. transitive. = underfo v. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > acquisition > receiving > receive [verb (transitive)] > be given underfoc888 afangOE underfongc1175 getc1300 latchc1300 undertake1393 receivea1400 to take up1639 to come into ——1672 to fall in for1788 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 51 Hwenne þu scrift underuongest of þe sunnen þe þu idon hauest. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11112 Forr tunnderrfanngenn cristenndom. & fulluhht unnderr criste. a1300 K. Horn (Harl.) 345 Shame þe mote by shoure, Ant euel hap to vnderfonge. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 5259 To vnder-fonge in fee al þat faire reaume. c1400 St. Alexius (Trin.) 44 Þo þis child to cherche com, To vnderfonge cristendom. c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 3075 At the last we shal vndirfong For oure reward grete maugre. 1553 T. Becon Relikes of Rome (1563) 253 Al y^t..giuen or vnderfongen in way of simonie. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Nov. 22 If thou..lust light virelayes, And looser songs of loue to vnderfong. b. = underfo v. 1b. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > approve of, accept, or sanction [verb (transitive)] loveeOE underfoc1000 underfong?c1225 undertakea1250 provec1300 allowa1325 favour1340 approvec1380 seem?c1450 conprovec1503 avow1530 rectify1567 annuate1585 to be for1590 sancite1597 improve1603 applauda1616 acclamate1624 resenta1646 own1649 comprobate1660 sanction1797 likea1825 approbate1833 to hold with (arch. of, on, for)1895 agree1900 endorse1914 condone1962 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 31 Leauedi seinte marie..vnder feng mi gretunge. wið þet ilke aue. c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 1015 Ich vnder-fong þis present, & þonke hir þat it hider sent; Hir druerie ich vnder-fong. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. iii. 208 Þe pope and his prelates presentes vnderfongen. c1400 Prymer in W. Maskell Monumenta Ritualia Ecclesiae Anglicanae (1846) II. 107 God, to whom it is propre to be merciful,..vndirfonge oure preieris. c. To comprehend; to conceive. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > understand [verb (transitive)] yknoweOE acknowOE anyeteOE latchc1000 undernimc1000 understandc1000 underyetec1000 afindOE knowOE seeOE onfangc1175 takec1175 underfindc1200 underfonga1300 undertakea1300 kenc1330 gripea1340 comprehend1340 comprendc1374 espyc1374 perceivea1387 to take for ——?1387 catcha1398 conceivea1398 intenda1400 overtakea1400 tenda1400 havec1405 henta1450 comprise1477 skilla1500 brook1548 apprend1567 compass1576 perstanda1577 endue1590 sound1592 engrasp1593 in1603 fathom1611 resent1614 receivea1616 to take up1617 apprehend1631 to take in1646 grasp1680 understumblec1681 forstand1682 savvy1686 overstand1699 uptake1726 nouse1779 twig1815 undercumstand1824 absorb1840 sense1844 undercumstumble1854 seize1855 intelligize1865 dig1935 read1956 the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > conception > conceive [verb (transitive)] onfangOE underfoa1100 afanglOE understandc1200 underfonga1300 conceptionc1350 conceivea1400 concept1603 a1300 Cursor Mundi 1542 For-þi lete god þam lijf sua lang þat þai moght seke and vnderfang þe kynd o thinges þat þan were dern. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10354 A maiden child noght þar-to lang, O þe þi wijf sal vnder-fang. 2. = underfo v. 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > make friends with [verb (transitive)] > accept (a person) as a friend > receive or admit (someone) to society or friendship underfo924 underfonga1175 to take upc1384 adopt1757 society > leisure > social event > visit > visiting > visit [verb (transitive)] > receive as visitor underfo924 afangOE underfonga1175 fangc1275 upfoa1300 seec1500 entertain1559 a1175 Cott. Hom. 239 Þer beoð anu ȝeredie þe wereȝede gastes, þe hine uniredlice underfangeð mid stiarne swupen. a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 84 Nedlunge ȝe moten underuongen me... Hwo se underuongeð me gledliche & makeð me ueire chere [etc.]. a1400 Coer de L. 743 The kyng comaunded..In strong presoun they schuld be done. His jayler hem gan underfong, And took Kyng Rychard be the hond. a1400–50 Alexander (Dublin) 2793 And erls of our empire..Karyn þaim to sir Alexander,..And he þaim fair vnderfongez & feffys þaim in Landes. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) l. 226 Be thow tornid to me, thow synfulle soule, and I shalle vnderfonge the. 1553 T. Becon Relikes of Rome (1563) 253 That no man vndirfong or take any folke into his house. 3. = underfo v. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)] underfoc893 fandOE onfangOE undernimc1000 takec1175 to take tillc1175 to take toa1250 underfongc1330 undertakea1340 to take in (also on) handa1350 undertakec1385 attamec1386 to take in (also on) handc1390 embrace1393 emprisec1410 to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410 to go upon ——c1450 enterprise?1473 to set (one's) hand to1477 go?a1500 accept1524 assume1530 to hent in (also upon) handc1540 to swallow up1544 to take to task1546 to go into ——?1548 to set in hand1548 to fare about1563 entertain1569 undergo1606 to set about ——1611 to take up1660 to come at ——1901 c1330 Amis & Amil. 1255 Yif thou this bataile vnderfong, Thou schalt haue an euentour strong. c1400 Rom. Rose 5710 He vndirfongith a gret peyne That vndirtakith to drynke vp seyne. 1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes Prol. 35 To under~fong this labour they him prey. ?1525 La Conusaunce Damours (Pynson) c j Our ornate Chaucer other bokes amonge In his lyfe dayes dyd vnderfonge To translate..the sayd story. ?a1534 H. Medwall Nature ii. sig. eiii Hard yt wyll be for vs..Agayn them warre or batayll to vnderfong. 4. = underfo v. 4. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] thave835 i-dreeeOE tholec897 abeareOE underbearc950 adreeOE dreeOE driveOE i-tholeOE throwOE underfoc1000 bearOE bidec1200 suffera1250 abidec1275 drinka1340 endure1340 underfong1382 receivec1384 abyea1393 sustain1398 finda1400 undergoa1400 get?c1430 underganga1470 ponder?a1525 a dog's lifea1528 tolerate1531 to stand to ——1540 to feel the weight of?1553 enjoy1577 carry1583 abrook1594 to stand under ——a1616 to fall a victim to1764 the mind > emotion > suffering > suffer mental pain [verb (transitive)] thave835 i-dreeeOE tholec897 underbearc950 adreeOE dreeOE driveOE i-tholeOE throwOE underfoc1000 bearOE takec1175 bidec1200 suffera1250 leadc1330 drinka1340 endure1340 wielda1375 underfong1382 receivec1384 sustain1398 finda1400 undergoa1400 underganga1470 ponder?a1525 tolerate1531 to go through ——1535 to feel the weight of?1553 enjoy1577 carry1583 abrook1594 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Rev. Prol. What sche [sc. the church] schal suffre in this present tyme, and what sche schal vndurfonge in tyme to come. 5. To seduce, entrap, overcome. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > entrap, ensnare [verb (transitive)] shrenchc897 beswike971 betrapa1000 bewindOE undernimc1175 undertakec1175 bisayc1200 beguile?c1225 catchc1225 beginc1250 biwilea1275 tele?a1300 enginec1300 lime13.. umwrithea1340 engrin1340 oblige1340 belimec1350 enlacec1374 girnc1375 encumber138. gnarec1380 enwrap1382 briguea1387 snarl1387 upbroid1387 trap1390 entrikea1393 englue1393 gildera1400 aguilec1400 betraisec1400 embrygec1400 snare1401 lacea1425 maska1425 begluec1430 marl1440 supprise?c1450 to prey ona1500 attrap1524 circumvene1526 entangle1526 tangle1526 entrap1531 mesh1532 embrake1542 crawl1548 illaqueate1548 intricate1548 inveigle1551 circumvent1553 felter1567 besnare1571 in trick1572 ensnare1576 overcatch1577 underfong1579 salt1580 entoil1581 comprehend1584 windlassa1586 folda1592 solicit1592 toil1592 bait1600 beset1600 engage1603 benet1604 imbrier1605 ambush1611 inknot1611 enmesha1616 trammela1616 fool1620 pinion1621 aucupate1630 fang1637 surprise1642 underreacha1652 trepan1656 ensnarl1658 stalk1659 irretiate1660 coil1748 nail1766 net1803 to rope in1840 mousetrap1870 spider1891 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. June 103 Thou..that by trecheree Didst vnderfong my lasse, to wexe so light. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. ii. sig. N3^v With his powre he..Makes them subiect to his mighty wrong; And some by sleight he eke doth vnderfong . View more context for this quotation 1614 J. Davies in W. Browne Shepheards Pipe sig. G5 For, time will vnderfong vs; and our voice Woll woxon weake. 6. To surround, enclose. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)] beloukOE pind?c1225 closec1275 beshuta1300 to shut about13.. umbclosec1330 to close about1340 aclosec1350 in close1393 enclose?a1400 tinec1400 concludea1425 includec1425 wallc1430 underclosec1440 inclusea1450 hedgec1500 lista1513 inrail1523 interclude1524 fence1535 parclose1535 riba1547 pale1570 impale1579 embay1582 immure1583 upclosec1590 enchase1591 interclose1592 recinct1598 underfong1599 intermure1606 bound1609 engirt1627 bosom1637 infence1652 cancellate1664 circumclude1677 embosomc1750 comprehend1807 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 14 They haue towres vpon them sixteene: mounts vnderfonging & enflancking them. Derivatives † underˈfonging n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > acquisition > receiving > [noun] > acceptance underfonging1340 acceptionc1384 acceptation1426 accepting1439 entertaininga1492 acceptance1534 entertainment1586 take-up1946 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 37 Þe ontrewe reuen..þet..rekeneþ more ine dedes and ine spendinge an lesse ine onderuonginge and ine rentes. c1400 N. Love tr. Bonaventura Mirror Life Christ (1908) xiv. 90 His souereyn mekenes in the vnderfongynge of his baptisme. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.a1175
随便看	public–private publish publish a libel publish a war publish one's will publish or perish publish the banns publish war publishability publishable published publisher publisher's binding publisher's cloth publisher's imprint publisher-dealer publisher-fighter publisherdealer publisheress publisherfighter publishers publishership publishes publishing publishing house