undertakern.

Brit.

/ˈʌndəteɪkə/, U.S.

/ˈəndərˌteɪkər/

Etymology: < undertake v.

†1. One who aids or assists; a helper. Obsolete.In early quots. rendering Latin susceptor.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > that which or one who helps or means of help > a helper

helpend971

recurera1382

undertaker1382

bootc1420

profitera1425

suffrage1445

supplier1456

aidant1477

aider1483

adjutor1531

benefactor1532

assistant?1541

servant1562

aid1569

adjument1576

adjuvant1583

familiar1583

adjoint1603

opitulator1624

adjutator1832

1382 J. Wyclif Psalms iii. 4 Thou forsothe, Lord, art myn vndir~takere.

1382 J. Wyclif Psalms liii. 6 The Lord is vndertakere of my soule.

c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi iii. xviii. 85 In God, þe consolacion of poure & þe undertaker of meke men.

a1625 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Two Noble Kinsmen (1634) i. i. 74 I hope..Some God hath put his mercy in your manhood Whereto heel infuse powre, and presse you forth Our undertaker .

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 223 Columbus..repaires to some Christian Princes for his vndertakers.

1645 S. Rutherford Tryal & Triumph of Faith 56 If believers have not Christ for their undertaker to bring them to glory, to intercede for them.

†2. A rebuker, reprover. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > [noun] > rebuker or reprover

withtakera1340

reprovera1382

undernimmera1382

undertakerc1430

rebukerc1449

checker1535

reprehender1537

reprimander1729

expostulator1795

snubber1861

trouncer1898

c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) ii. civ. 114 I wole haue noon vndertakere [Fr. repreueur], no maister ne techere.

a. One who undertakes a task or enterprise. Also const. of (the thing attempted).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > [noun] > one who

entreprenourc1475

enterpriser1490

undertakerc1540

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3789 He was..falsest in his fare, and full of disseit, Vndertaker of treyne.

1595 W. Raleigh Discov. Guiana (1596) 21 Neither could any of the forepassed vndertakers, nor Berreo himselfe discover the country.

1603 S. Daniel Def. Ryme in Panegyrike (new ed.) sig. H3 May wee not..suspect these great vndertakers, lest they haue conspired with enuy to betray our proceedings.

1622 (?a1513) W. Dunbar Poems (Reidpeth) (1998) I. 243 Schir Iohne Kirkpakar, Off many cures ane michtie vndertaker.

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 55 That was like some enterprises that owe more to extremity of occasion then to the courage of the undertaker.

a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 236 The Devil was the first o' th' Name,..Who was the first bold Undertaker Of bearing Arms against his Maker.

1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 251 All Attempts fail'd, either by the Death of the Undertakers, or some other Accidents.

1781 S. Johnson Pope in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets VII. 66 Perhaps no extensive and multifarious performance was ever effected within the term originally fixed in the undertaker's mind.

†b. Const. to with infinitive. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 594 Wee find it expressely set downe, That the undertaker to build a house at a certaine price, shall use no mortar under three yeers of age.

1635 E. Rainbow Labour 40 Let the..Constables..be the undertakers to draine..this fenny..ground.

1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth ii. 214 Those projectors of immortality, or undertakers to make men live to the age of Methusalah.

†c. One who takes up a challenge. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed encounter > [noun] > single combat or duel > challenge to > one who takes up challenge

undertakera1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. iv. 309 Nay, if you be an vndertaker, I am for you.

4. Historical.

a. One who undertook to hold crown lands in Ireland in the 16th and 17th centuries.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > possessor > [noun] > holder of crown lands in Ireland

servitor?1570

undertaker1586

1586 in Acts Privy Council (1897) XIV. 208 A letter to the Lord Deputie of Irelande..in the favor of Mr. Smithwicke,..that he might be accepted into the nomber of those that were Undertakers for landes in that Realme.

1589 R. Payne Briefe Descr. Ireland 10 The worsser sorte of vndertakers which haue seignories of her Maiestie, haue done much hurt in the countrie.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 26 The hatred which the Geraldines bare to those English Vndertakers..which possessed their Ancestors lands.

1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia i. x. 67 A Castle..appertaining to Master Edward Gray, an Vndertaker.

1642 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 417 The Cities of London-Derry, and Coleraign,..and some other places and Castles which were for the present gallantly defended by the British undertakers.

1777 T. Campbell Philos. Surv. S. Ireland xxxii. 311 The occupier of the ground..was unable to pay the fines, and therefore dispossessed by the wealthy undertaker.

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xviii. 738 These lands in the counties of Cork and Kerry..were parcelled out among English undertakers at low rents.

1888 E. Lawless Ireland xxxiii. 229 Something like a regular stampede of men ambitious to call themselves undertakers, began to cross over from the larger to the smaller island.

b. One of those who in the reigns of James I, Charles I, and Charles II undertook to influence the action of Parliament, esp. with regard to the voting of supplies.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [noun] > attempting to influence parliament or assembly > one who

undertakera1652

lobby-member1819

lobbyer1862

lobbyist1863

lobby man1934

a1652 A. Wilson Hist. Great Brit. (1653) 153 I was in my first Parliament a Novice; and in my last there was a kind of Beasts, called Undertakers, a dozen of whom undertook to govern the last Parliament.

1668 S. Pepys Diary 14 Feb. (1976) IX. 71 The House is..quite mad at the ‘Undertakers’, as they are commonly called,..that are brought over to the Court and did undertake to get the King money.

1670 A. Marvell Let. 21 Mar. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 314 His Majesty, fortified by some Undertakers of the meanest of our House, threw up all as Nothing.

a1734 R. North Examen (1740) iii. vi. §38 At such Times, a Sort of People stept in, called Undertakers, who would answer that all should be smooth and well in Parliament.

c1740 Visct. Bolingbroke Idea Patriot King xii. 111 Let our great Doctors in Politicks..compare the Conduct of Elizabeth in this respect with that of her Successor, who endeavoured..to manage his Parliament by Undertakers.

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. vi. 365 Neville and others, who, like him, professed to understand the temper of the commons, and to facilitate the king's dealings with them, were called undertakers.

c. One of those Lowland Scots who attempted to colonize the Island of Lewis towards the end of the 16th century.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > colonist or settler > [noun] > other specific colonists or settlers

pilgrim1630

originals1703

old settler1744

Big Knife1750

out-settler1755

provincial1756

Boer1776

freeman1791

Pilgrim Fathers1799

back-settler1809

undertaker1819

oecist1846

Argonaut1848

Canterbury pilgrim1850

poblador1850

shagroon1851

forty-niner1853

planter1858

inside squatter1881

local white1888

Minyan1928

1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose i, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. IV. 5 He mentioned the celebrated settlement of the Fife undertakers, as they were called, in the Lewis.

a. One who undertakes to carry out work or business for another; a contractor; †a collector or farmer of taxes. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > employer > [noun] > contractor

undertaker1602

contractor1724

mail contractor1821

lumper1851

independent contractor1857

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > tax collection > [noun] > tax-collector > farmer of revenue

farmera1325

renter1588

financier1595

undertaker1602

financer1604

farmer general1608

under-farmera1751

1602 in F. Moryson Itinerary (1617) ii. 242 So soone as any contract is made with the vndertakers, wee send an abstract thereof vnto your Lordship.

1612 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 604 One y^t that hath inritched himselfe..by having been one of the principall undertakers of y^e greate farme of salte.

1670 J. Eachard Grounds Contempt of Clergy 118 An ordinary Brick-layer, or Carpenter, (I mean not your great Undertakers and Master-Workmen).

1688 in Cal. Treas. Papers 28 The further answer of the present undertakers for the Tynne Farme.

1710 London Gaz. No. 4651/2 An Agreement is concluded with Undertakers for furnishing the Magazines..with Forage.

1751 A. McDouall Inst. Laws Scotl. I. i. xviii. 393 If one give Commission to demolish a house, which the undertaker believes to belong to him.

1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 237 The halvans of halvans are mostly dressed by an undertaker for so much in the pound sterling of the money they produce.

1817 W. Scott in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Sir W. Scott (1839) V. 226 The other point is, to take care that the undertakers in their anxiety for employment do not take the job too cheap.

1833 1st Rep. Comm. Employment Childr., Western District 2 There is a class of workmen [in Birmingham] called undertakers, who receive the material from the master manufacturer, and undertake to get it wrought up.

b. One who makes a business of carrying out the arrangements for funerals.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > people involved in funeral > [noun] > undertaker

undertaker1698

upholder1709

death-hunter1723

black master1823

funeral director1834

mortician1895

black man1927

thanatologist1972

1698 Pres. St. Trade in Chester Waters Parish Reg. (1883) 52 The furnishing of funerals by a small number of men called undertakers.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Pollinctor An Embalmer of Dead Bodies..; an Undertaker.

?1710 Squire Bickerstaff Detected 4 I was sent, Sir, by the Company of Undertakers,..and they were employ'd by the honest Gentleman, who is Executor.

1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) v. 505 While rival undertakers hover round, And with his spade the sexton marks the ground.

1768 O. Goldsmith Good Natur'd Man i. 6 His appearance has a stronger effect on my spirits than an undertaker's shop.

1822 Ld. Byron Vision of Judgm. xii He's buried; save the undertaker's bill, Or lapidary scrawl, the world is gone For him.

1884 F. M. Crawford Rom. Singer (ed. 2) I. 55 You must look as solemn as an undertaker.

†a. One who engages in the serious study of a subject or science. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > one who studies

schoolmanOE

studiera1387

studenta1398

estudiant1481

bookman1570

problematary1581

undertaker1605

philomath1611

diver1624

problemista1631

problematist1668

conner1809

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. F2 Those Schoole men..as they are,..are great vndertakers indeed, and fierce with darke keeping.

1656 T. Hobbes Questions Liberty, Necessity & Chance 201 He who will speak with some of our great undertakers, about the grounds of learning, had need either to speak by an Interpreter, or to learn a new Language.

1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece v. 356 There is another Greek,..an Undertaker in Physick too, who understands Scholastick Greek a little.

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 71 To free the Enquiry from the Perplexities that some Undertakers have encumber'd it withall.

b. One who embarks on, or takes part in, some business enterprise. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > non-manual worker > businessman > [noun] > one who embarks on business enterprise

undertaker1615

1615 E. S. Britaines Busse E 2 I confesse the private gaine to euery Vndertaker before propounded may seeme too great to be hoped for.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Cumb. 228 I understand two small Manufactures are lately set up therein..and I wish that the Undertakers may not be disheartned with their small encouragement.

1677 W. Hubbard Narr. Troubles with Indians New-Eng. ii. 5 Some of the first Undertakers were encouraged once more to try the verity of their hopes.

1753 Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 500 The mine, which was formerly wrought on,..yielded vast profit to the under~takers.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. iv. ii. 55 The undertaker of a great manufacture.

1799 A. Young Gen. View Agric. County Lincoln 149 It has long been the common practice for the undertakers of this culture to hire grass land.

1828 Act 9 Geo. IV c. 98 (title) The Undertakers of the Navigation of the Rivers Aire and Calder.

1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. 479 The difference between the interest and the gross profit remunerates the exertions and risks of the undertaker.

†c. One who undertakes the preparation of a literary work. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > publishing > editing for publication > [noun] > editor

editionera1646

editor1646

undertaker1685

editoress1737

sorter1758

editress1775

rédacteur1785

redactor1793

literary editor1801

ed.1806

redacter1816

editrix1838

reworker1876

editor1881

rewrite1918

1685 J. Dryden Sylvæ Pref. sig. a8^v I hope it will not be expected from me, that I shou'd say any thing of my fellow undertakers in this Miscellany.

1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub Pref. 15 The Undertaker himself will publish his Proposals with all convenient speed.

1787 J. Adams Wks. (1854) IX. 552 I was told by a bookseller that he was about getting it translated into Dutch. But I doubt whether any of these undertakers will proceed.

1800 Monthly Mag. 8 878 It seems natural to expect..some patronage of a translation, which must else be a mere sacrifice of toil and time to the English undertaker.

†d. A book-publisher. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > publishing > publisher > [noun]

stationer?1541

editor1633

undertaker1697

publisher1710

publishing house1819

1697 J. Evelyn Numismata p. lxxiii Finding it so miserably deformed through the confident undertakers, the phrase was expunged at Bentley's request.

1707 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1886) II. 31 Mr. Wasse..has so swell'd his Salust..y^t the undertaker is quite weary.

1782 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (ed. 3) V. 261 His performances by no means deserved to be condemned as they were by the undertakers, and the performer laid aside.

1823 J. Badcock Domest. Amusem. p. iv The duty of rapid revision was imposed upon the Editor..by the undertakers.

†e. A producer of an opera or play; a manager, impresario. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > impresario

undertaker1711

impresario1746

entrepreneur1800

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 5. ¶7 The Undertakers [of the Opera] being resolved to spare neither Pains nor Mony, for the Gratification of the Audience.

c1720 in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 367 The undertaker..has treated me ill..; I never heard a sound of his trifling songs till Monday se'nnight last.

1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber vi. 111 I laid it down as a settled Maxim, that no Company could flourish while the chief Actors, and the Undertakers were at variance.

†7.

a. One who acts as security or surety for another.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > security > [noun] > a bondsman or guarantor

borrowa1000

festermanOE

inborghc1175

pledge1348

surety1428

warrant1478

soverty1517

creditor1523

cautionerc1565

warranter1583

caution1586

warranty1586

security1600

stipulator1610

engager1611

pawner1611

undertaker1616

bond1632

ensurer1654

cautionary1655

security man1662

voucher1667

warrantee1668

respondent1672

guarand1674

guarantee1679

guaranty1684

hypothecator1828

warrantor1850

guarantor1853

1616 B. Jonson Poëtaster (rev. ed.) Ep. Ded., in Wks. I. 273 I send you this peece of what may liue of mine; for whose innocence, as for the Authors, you were once a noble and timely vndertaker.

a1652 R. Brome Eng. Moor Epil. 86 in Five New Playes (1659) Now let me be a modest undertaker For us the players, the play and the play-maker.

1677 J. Owen Doctr. Justif. by Faith xi. 349 Considering the Person and Grace of this Undertaker or Surety.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Sponsor Surety, an Undertaker for another.

†b. spec. A baptismal sponsor. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > baptism > [noun] > person undergoing > sponsor of

godmothereOE

godfathereOE

gossip1014

spiritual parent1526

testimony1547

surety1549

undertaker1645

sponsor1651

susceptor1655

godparent1693

sponsorial1836

1645 J. Ussher Body of Divin. (1647) 422 Of the vowes and promises which we in our child-hood made by those who were undertakers for us.

1673 W. Cave Primitive Christianity i. x. 326 A venerable old Deacon who had been the Undertaker for him at his Baptism.

1697 G. Burghope Disc. Relig. Assemblies 126 We are brought to Christ by the charitable help of our parents and undertakers.

Derivatives

ˈundertakerish adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > people involved in funeral > [adjective] > undertaker

undertakerlike1856

undertakerish1861

undertakerly1876

1861 A. Wynter Our Social Bees 136 An attendant in sable habiliments..and with an undertakerish eye and manner.

ˈundertakerlike adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > people involved in funeral > [adjective] > undertaker

undertakerlike1856

undertakerish1861

undertakerly1876

1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. v. 40 One undertaker-like Cupid had swung round on his own axis.

ˈundertakerly adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > people involved in funeral > [adjective] > undertaker

undertakerlike1856

undertakerish1861

undertakerly1876

1876 G. Meredith Beauchamp's Career I. xix. 294 You introduced me..to that undertakerly old Tomlinson.

ˈundertakery n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > funeral equipment > [noun] > undertaker's equipment

undertakery1869

1869 G. J. Chester Transatl. Sketches 240 I had also a side~ways view of a large patent-coffin shop... Americans, generally, are great in the matter of undertakery.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	undertaker
释义	undertakern. Brit. /ˈʌndəteɪkə/, U.S. /ˈəndərˌteɪkər/ Etymology: < undertake v. †1. One who aids or assists; a helper. Obsolete.In early quots. rendering Latin susceptor. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > that which or one who helps or means of help > a helper helpend971 recurera1382 undertaker1382 bootc1420 profitera1425 suffrage1445 supplier1456 aidant1477 aider1483 adjutor1531 benefactor1532 assistant?1541 servant1562 aid1569 adjument1576 adjuvant1583 familiar1583 adjoint1603 opitulator1624 adjutator1832 1382 J. Wyclif Psalms iii. 4 Thou forsothe, Lord, art myn vndir~takere. 1382 J. Wyclif Psalms liii. 6 The Lord is vndertakere of my soule. c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi iii. xviii. 85 In God, þe consolacion of poure & þe undertaker of meke men. a1625 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Two Noble Kinsmen (1634) i. i. 74 I hope..Some God hath put his mercy in your manhood Whereto heel infuse powre, and presse you forth Our undertaker . View more context for this quotation 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 223 Columbus..repaires to some Christian Princes for his vndertakers. 1645 S. Rutherford Tryal & Triumph of Faith 56 If believers have not Christ for their undertaker to bring them to glory, to intercede for them. †2. A rebuker, reprover. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > [noun] > rebuker or reprover withtakera1340 reprovera1382 undernimmera1382 undertakerc1430 rebukerc1449 checker1535 reprehender1537 reprimander1729 expostulator1795 snubber1861 trouncer1898 c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) ii. civ. 114 I wole haue noon vndertakere [Fr. repreueur], no maister ne techere. 3. a. One who undertakes a task or enterprise. Also const. of (the thing attempted). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > [noun] > one who entreprenourc1475 enterpriser1490 undertakerc1540 c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3789 He was..falsest in his fare, and full of disseit, Vndertaker of treyne. 1595 W. Raleigh Discov. Guiana (1596) 21 Neither could any of the forepassed vndertakers, nor Berreo himselfe discover the country. 1603 S. Daniel Def. Ryme in Panegyrike (new ed.) sig. H3 May wee not..suspect these great vndertakers, lest they haue conspired with enuy to betray our proceedings. 1622 (?a1513) W. Dunbar Poems (Reidpeth) (1998) I. 243 Schir Iohne Kirkpakar, Off many cures ane michtie vndertaker. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 55 That was like some enterprises that owe more to extremity of occasion then to the courage of the undertaker. a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 236 The Devil was the first o' th' Name,..Who was the first bold Undertaker Of bearing Arms against his Maker. 1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 251 All Attempts fail'd, either by the Death of the Undertakers, or some other Accidents. 1781 S. Johnson Pope in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets VII. 66 Perhaps no extensive and multifarious performance was ever effected within the term originally fixed in the undertaker's mind. †b. Const. to with infinitive. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 594 Wee find it expressely set downe, That the undertaker to build a house at a certaine price, shall use no mortar under three yeers of age. 1635 E. Rainbow Labour 40 Let the..Constables..be the undertakers to draine..this fenny..ground. 1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth ii. 214 Those projectors of immortality, or undertakers to make men live to the age of Methusalah. †c. One who takes up a challenge. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed encounter > [noun] > single combat or duel > challenge to > one who takes up challenge undertakera1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. iv. 309 Nay, if you be an vndertaker, I am for you. View more context for this quotation 4. Historical. a. One who undertook to hold crown lands in Ireland in the 16th and 17th centuries. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > possessor > [noun] > holder of crown lands in Ireland servitor?1570 undertaker1586 1586 in Acts Privy Council (1897) XIV. 208 A letter to the Lord Deputie of Irelande..in the favor of Mr. Smithwicke,..that he might be accepted into the nomber of those that were Undertakers for landes in that Realme. 1589 R. Payne Briefe Descr. Ireland 10 The worsser sorte of vndertakers which haue seignories of her Maiestie, haue done much hurt in the countrie. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 26 The hatred which the Geraldines bare to those English Vndertakers..which possessed their Ancestors lands. 1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia i. x. 67 A Castle..appertaining to Master Edward Gray, an Vndertaker. 1642 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 417 The Cities of London-Derry, and Coleraign,..and some other places and Castles which were for the present gallantly defended by the British undertakers. 1777 T. Campbell Philos. Surv. S. Ireland xxxii. 311 The occupier of the ground..was unable to pay the fines, and therefore dispossessed by the wealthy undertaker. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xviii. 738 These lands in the counties of Cork and Kerry..were parcelled out among English undertakers at low rents. 1888 E. Lawless Ireland xxxiii. 229 Something like a regular stampede of men ambitious to call themselves undertakers, began to cross over from the larger to the smaller island. b. One of those who in the reigns of James I, Charles I, and Charles II undertook to influence the action of Parliament, esp. with regard to the voting of supplies. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [noun] > attempting to influence parliament or assembly > one who undertakera1652 lobby-member1819 lobbyer1862 lobbyist1863 lobby man1934 a1652 A. Wilson Hist. Great Brit. (1653) 153 I was in my first Parliament a Novice; and in my last there was a kind of Beasts, called Undertakers, a dozen of whom undertook to govern the last Parliament. 1668 S. Pepys Diary 14 Feb. (1976) IX. 71 The House is..quite mad at the ‘Undertakers’, as they are commonly called,..that are brought over to the Court and did undertake to get the King money. 1670 A. Marvell Let. 21 Mar. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 314 His Majesty, fortified by some Undertakers of the meanest of our House, threw up all as Nothing. a1734 R. North Examen (1740) iii. vi. §38 At such Times, a Sort of People stept in, called Undertakers, who would answer that all should be smooth and well in Parliament. c1740 Visct. Bolingbroke Idea Patriot King xii. 111 Let our great Doctors in Politicks..compare the Conduct of Elizabeth in this respect with that of her Successor, who endeavoured..to manage his Parliament by Undertakers. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. vi. 365 Neville and others, who, like him, professed to understand the temper of the commons, and to facilitate the king's dealings with them, were called undertakers. c. One of those Lowland Scots who attempted to colonize the Island of Lewis towards the end of the 16th century. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > colonist or settler > [noun] > other specific colonists or settlers pilgrim1630 originals1703 old settler1744 Big Knife1750 out-settler1755 provincial1756 Boer1776 freeman1791 Pilgrim Fathers1799 back-settler1809 undertaker1819 oecist1846 Argonaut1848 Canterbury pilgrim1850 poblador1850 shagroon1851 forty-niner1853 planter1858 inside squatter1881 local white1888 Minyan1928 1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose i, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. IV. 5 He mentioned the celebrated settlement of the Fife undertakers, as they were called, in the Lewis. 5. a. One who undertakes to carry out work or business for another; a contractor; †a collector or farmer of taxes. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > employer > [noun] > contractor undertaker1602 contractor1724 mail contractor1821 lumper1851 independent contractor1857 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > tax collection > [noun] > tax-collector > farmer of revenue farmera1325 renter1588 financier1595 undertaker1602 financer1604 farmer general1608 under-farmera1751 1602 in F. Moryson Itinerary (1617) ii. 242 So soone as any contract is made with the vndertakers, wee send an abstract thereof vnto your Lordship. 1612 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 604 One y^t that hath inritched himselfe..by having been one of the principall undertakers of y^e greate farme of salte. 1670 J. Eachard Grounds Contempt of Clergy 118 An ordinary Brick-layer, or Carpenter, (I mean not your great Undertakers and Master-Workmen). 1688 in Cal. Treas. Papers 28 The further answer of the present undertakers for the Tynne Farme. 1710 London Gaz. No. 4651/2 An Agreement is concluded with Undertakers for furnishing the Magazines..with Forage. 1751 A. McDouall Inst. Laws Scotl. I. i. xviii. 393 If one give Commission to demolish a house, which the undertaker believes to belong to him. 1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 237 The halvans of halvans are mostly dressed by an undertaker for so much in the pound sterling of the money they produce. 1817 W. Scott in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Sir W. Scott (1839) V. 226 The other point is, to take care that the undertakers in their anxiety for employment do not take the job too cheap. 1833 1st Rep. Comm. Employment Childr., Western District 2 There is a class of workmen [in Birmingham] called undertakers, who receive the material from the master manufacturer, and undertake to get it wrought up. b. One who makes a business of carrying out the arrangements for funerals. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > people involved in funeral > [noun] > undertaker undertaker1698 upholder1709 death-hunter1723 black master1823 funeral director1834 mortician1895 black man1927 thanatologist1972 1698 Pres. St. Trade in Chester Waters Parish Reg. (1883) 52 The furnishing of funerals by a small number of men called undertakers. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Pollinctor An Embalmer of Dead Bodies..; an Undertaker. ?1710 Squire Bickerstaff Detected 4 I was sent, Sir, by the Company of Undertakers,..and they were employ'd by the honest Gentleman, who is Executor. 1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) v. 505 While rival undertakers hover round, And with his spade the sexton marks the ground. 1768 O. Goldsmith Good Natur'd Man i. 6 His appearance has a stronger effect on my spirits than an undertaker's shop. 1822 Ld. Byron Vision of Judgm. xii He's buried; save the undertaker's bill, Or lapidary scrawl, the world is gone For him. 1884 F. M. Crawford Rom. Singer (ed. 2) I. 55 You must look as solemn as an undertaker. 6. †a. One who engages in the serious study of a subject or science. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > one who studies schoolmanOE studiera1387 studenta1398 estudiant1481 bookman1570 problematary1581 undertaker1605 philomath1611 diver1624 problemista1631 problematist1668 conner1809 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. F2 Those Schoole men..as they are,..are great vndertakers indeed, and fierce with darke keeping. View more context for this quotation 1656 T. Hobbes Questions Liberty, Necessity & Chance 201 He who will speak with some of our great undertakers, about the grounds of learning, had need either to speak by an Interpreter, or to learn a new Language. 1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece v. 356 There is another Greek,..an Undertaker in Physick too, who understands Scholastick Greek a little. 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 71 To free the Enquiry from the Perplexities that some Undertakers have encumber'd it withall. b. One who embarks on, or takes part in, some business enterprise. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > non-manual worker > businessman > [noun] > one who embarks on business enterprise undertaker1615 1615 E. S. Britaines Busse E 2 I confesse the private gaine to euery Vndertaker before propounded may seeme too great to be hoped for. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Cumb. 228 I understand two small Manufactures are lately set up therein..and I wish that the Undertakers may not be disheartned with their small encouragement. 1677 W. Hubbard Narr. Troubles with Indians New-Eng. ii. 5 Some of the first Undertakers were encouraged once more to try the verity of their hopes. 1753 Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 500 The mine, which was formerly wrought on,..yielded vast profit to the under~takers. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. iv. ii. 55 The undertaker of a great manufacture. 1799 A. Young Gen. View Agric. County Lincoln 149 It has long been the common practice for the undertakers of this culture to hire grass land. 1828 Act 9 Geo. IV c. 98 (title) The Undertakers of the Navigation of the Rivers Aire and Calder. 1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. 479 The difference between the interest and the gross profit remunerates the exertions and risks of the undertaker. †c. One who undertakes the preparation of a literary work. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > publishing > editing for publication > [noun] > editor editionera1646 editor1646 undertaker1685 editoress1737 sorter1758 editress1775 rédacteur1785 redactor1793 literary editor1801 ed.1806 redacter1816 editrix1838 reworker1876 editor1881 rewrite1918 1685 J. Dryden Sylvæ Pref. sig. a8^v I hope it will not be expected from me, that I shou'd say any thing of my fellow undertakers in this Miscellany. 1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub Pref. 15 The Undertaker himself will publish his Proposals with all convenient speed. 1787 J. Adams Wks. (1854) IX. 552 I was told by a bookseller that he was about getting it translated into Dutch. But I doubt whether any of these undertakers will proceed. 1800 Monthly Mag. 8 878 It seems natural to expect..some patronage of a translation, which must else be a mere sacrifice of toil and time to the English undertaker. †d. A book-publisher. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > publishing > publisher > [noun] stationer?1541 editor1633 undertaker1697 publisher1710 publishing house1819 1697 J. Evelyn Numismata p. lxxiii Finding it so miserably deformed through the confident undertakers, the phrase was expunged at Bentley's request. 1707 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1886) II. 31 Mr. Wasse..has so swell'd his Salust..y^t the undertaker is quite weary. 1782 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (ed. 3) V. 261 His performances by no means deserved to be condemned as they were by the undertakers, and the performer laid aside. 1823 J. Badcock Domest. Amusem. p. iv The duty of rapid revision was imposed upon the Editor..by the undertakers. †e. A producer of an opera or play; a manager, impresario. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > impresario undertaker1711 impresario1746 entrepreneur1800 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 5. ¶7 The Undertakers [of the Opera] being resolved to spare neither Pains nor Mony, for the Gratification of the Audience. c1720 in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 367 The undertaker..has treated me ill..; I never heard a sound of his trifling songs till Monday se'nnight last. 1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber vi. 111 I laid it down as a settled Maxim, that no Company could flourish while the chief Actors, and the Undertakers were at variance. †7. a. One who acts as security or surety for another. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > security > [noun] > a bondsman or guarantor borrowa1000 festermanOE inborghc1175 pledge1348 surety1428 warrant1478 soverty1517 creditor1523 cautionerc1565 warranter1583 caution1586 warranty1586 security1600 stipulator1610 engager1611 pawner1611 undertaker1616 bond1632 ensurer1654 cautionary1655 security man1662 voucher1667 warrantee1668 respondent1672 guarand1674 guarantee1679 guaranty1684 hypothecator1828 warrantor1850 guarantor1853 1616 B. Jonson Poëtaster (rev. ed.) Ep. Ded., in Wks. I. 273 I send you this peece of what may liue of mine; for whose innocence, as for the Authors, you were once a noble and timely vndertaker. a1652 R. Brome Eng. Moor Epil. 86 in Five New Playes (1659) Now let me be a modest undertaker For us the players, the play and the play-maker. 1677 J. Owen Doctr. Justif. by Faith xi. 349 Considering the Person and Grace of this Undertaker or Surety. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Sponsor Surety, an Undertaker for another. †b. spec. A baptismal sponsor. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > baptism > [noun] > person undergoing > sponsor of godmothereOE godfathereOE gossip1014 spiritual parent1526 testimony1547 surety1549 undertaker1645 sponsor1651 susceptor1655 godparent1693 sponsorial1836 1645 J. Ussher Body of Divin. (1647) 422 Of the vowes and promises which we in our child-hood made by those who were undertakers for us. 1673 W. Cave Primitive Christianity i. x. 326 A venerable old Deacon who had been the Undertaker for him at his Baptism. 1697 G. Burghope Disc. Relig. Assemblies 126 We are brought to Christ by the charitable help of our parents and undertakers. Derivatives ˈundertakerish adj. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > people involved in funeral > [adjective] > undertaker undertakerlike1856 undertakerish1861 undertakerly1876 1861 A. Wynter Our Social Bees 136 An attendant in sable habiliments..and with an undertakerish eye and manner. ˈundertakerlike adj. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > people involved in funeral > [adjective] > undertaker undertakerlike1856 undertakerish1861 undertakerly1876 1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. v. 40 One undertaker-like Cupid had swung round on his own axis. ˈundertakerly adj. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > people involved in funeral > [adjective] > undertaker undertakerlike1856 undertakerish1861 undertakerly1876 1876 G. Meredith Beauchamp's Career I. xix. 294 You introduced me..to that undertakerly old Tomlinson. ˈundertakery n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > funeral equipment > [noun] > undertaker's equipment undertakery1869 1869 G. J. Chester Transatl. Sketches 240 I had also a side~ways view of a large patent-coffin shop... Americans, generally, are great in the matter of undertakery. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1382
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