† Bruten.²

Forms: Also 1500s bruit.

Etymology: In sense 1, a variant of Brett or Britt, influenced by the Brutus myth; in sense 2, apparently = Brut, Brutus, itself. From the Old Celtic (and Latin) Britto , Briton n. and adj., there was subsequently formed the proper name of an eponymous hero, the reputed first king and founder of Britain. His name appears in Nennius also as Bruto , in the Irish version as Britus and Brutus . In the latter form he was linked with classical antiquity and the tale of Troy, being made a great-grandson of Æneas. Brutus accordingly became the prevailing form in Latin writers; and was adapted in Welsh and Old French as Brut . Of this the sense was transferred through that of ‘chronicle or history of Brut’ to that of ‘chronicle of Britain’ or ‘Welsh chronicle’ generally: see brut n. But its use as a proper name was not forgotten, and in the 16th cent. it appears to have given rise to sense 2.

Obsolete.

1. A Briton, a Welshman.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Celtic people > [noun] > ancient Britons > person

WelshmaneOE

Britonc1275

Britain1482

Brutea1513

Brett1535

Welsh Britain1573

Welsh Briton1577

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. iii. sig. n.^v Whiche kynge expulsed..All brutes and walshemen clere out of his londe.

1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. iii. xvi. 64 Pledges..that Denmarke it should pay Continuall Tribute to the Brutes.

2. The legendary Trojan Brutus, first king of Britain, and founder of ‘Troynovant’ or London. Hence: (a) a ‘Brutus’, a hero of British, Welsh, or Arthurian story; (b) (hence generally) a hero, ‘brave’, ‘gallant’, ‘worthy’ (by some writers used quite vaguely, and apparently without any notion of the original sense).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > hero

Hectora1387

worthy1552

Brutea1556

hero1578

heroic1586

Argonaut1596

Argonautic1614

a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) i. i. sig. B.j Who is this? greate Goliah, Sampson, or Colbrande? No (say I) but it is a brute of the Alie lande.

?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 12 Consider..what ioly yonkers and lusty brutes these wil be, when they shal come to be Citizens.

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 2^v A greate blotte to the linage of so noble a brute.

a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. H2 These braue lustie brutes, These friendly youths did perish by thine art.

1593 G. Peele Famous Chron. King Edward the First sig. C3 But if kinde Cambria deigne me good aspect, To make me cheefest brute of westerne Wales.

1599 Hist. Syr Clyomon & Clamydes sig. E4^v I haue giuen my faith and troth to such a brute of fame, As is the knight of the Golden Shield.

1606 T. Dekker Seuen Deadly Sinnes London vii. sig. G1 [London] this fairest-fac'de daughter of Brute. [Note] 2700 and odde yeeres since London was first builded by Brute.]

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

bruteadj.n.¹

Brit.

/bruːt/, U.S.

/brut/

Forms: Also 1600s bruit(e.

Etymology: < French brut, feminine brute < Latin brūtus heavy, dull, irrational (Spanish bruto, Italian bruto, noun). Some of the senses are probably directly from, or at least influenced by, the Latin.

A. adj. (Now often an attributive use of the noun.)

1. Of animals: wanting in reason or understanding; chiefly in phrases brute beasts, the brute creation, = the ‘lower animals’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > lack of reason, irrationality > [adjective] > of animals, things, etc.

out of (all) reasonc1390

reasonlessa1450

brutea1475

a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 11 Fro fleisch of alle brute beestis.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxii. f. cxliii^v Great moreyne fell vpon the brute bestes.

1580 T. Lupton Siuqila 55 More senselesse, than the senselest or brutest beast in the world.

1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 1 Bruit-beasts led with sensualitie.

1613 G. Wither Abuses Stript i. v, in Juvenilia (1633) 42 Viler than the brutest creature.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 495 The brute Serpent in whose shape Man I deceav'd.

1703 N. Rowe Fair Penitent iii. i Whose bounteous Hand feeds the whole Brute Creation.

1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. i. xiii. 48 To degrade Humane Kind to a level with Brute Beasts.

1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 46 Not a being, human or brute, appeared.

1849 W. Irving Mahomet (1853) x. 59 The very brute animals were charmed to silence.

a. Of human beings, their actions, and attributes: brute-like, brutish; dull, senseless, stupid; unintelligent, unreasoning, uninstructed; sensual.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intellect > want of intellect > animal nature of man > [adjective]

beastly?c1225

bestiala1398

brutal?1518

brute1535

brutish1555

animal1581

beaverish1850

beaver-like1873

1535 T. Bedyl in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. ii. App. lv I suppose many of the curates to be so brute, that they would read or speake every word, as it was written.

a1618 J. Sylvester Mem. Mortalitie ii. xxxix Man (alas!) is bruter than a Brute.

1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 5 Their owne brute inventions.

1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 11 Which..should preserve it in love and reason, and difference it from a brute conjugality.

1812 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 8 321 The deplorable doctrines of brute materialism.

1870 F. C. Bowen Logic viii. 238 A black skin is not an invariable sign of a brute intellect.

b. Rough, rude, wanting in sensibility.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > ill-mannered > unrefined

boistousc1300

untheweda1325

uplandisha1387

unaffiled1390

rudea1393

knavishc1405

peoplisha1425

clubbedc1440

blunt1477

lob?1507

robust1511

borel1513

carterly1519

clubbish1530

rough?1531

rustical?1532

incondite1539

agrestc1550

rusticc1550

brute1555

lobcocka1556

loutisha1556

carterlike1561

boorish1562

ruggedc1565

lobbish1567

loutlike1567

sowish1570

clownish1581

unrefined1582

impolished1583

homespun1590

transalpinea1592

swaddish1593

unpolished1594

untutored1595

swabberly1596

tartarous1602

porterly1603

lobcocked1606

lob-like1606

cluster-fisted1611

agrestic1617

inurbane1623

unelevated1627

incult1628

unbrushed1640

vulgar1643

unhewed1644

unsmooth1648

hirsute1658

loutardly1658

unhewn1659

roughsome?c1660

sordid1668

inhumanea1680

coarse1699

brutal1709

ramgunshoch1721

tramontane1740

uncouth1740

no-nationa1756

unurbane1760

turnipy1792

rudas1802

common1804

cubbish1819

clodhopping1828

vulgarian1833

cloddish1844

unkempt1846

bush1851

vulgarish1860

rodney1866

crude1876

ignorant1886

yobby1910

nekulturny1932

oikish1959

yobbish1966

ocker1972

down and dirty1977

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. x. 210 Their behauour was in the beginning very brute.

1645 J. Milton Colasterion 23 As to this brute Libel.

1702 N. Rowe Ambitious Step-mother (ed. 2) Prol. 7 The Brute Philosopher, who ne'er has prov'd The Joy of Loving or of being Lov'd.

a. Of things: not possessing or connected with reason, intelligence, or sensation; irrational, unconscious, senseless; merely material; esp. in brute matter, brute force.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intellect > want of intellect > [adjective]

mindlessOE

brute1540

unintelligent1664

unintellectuala1676

numb1854

amental1877

1540 R. Morison tr. J. L. Vives Introd. Wysedome (new ed.) B v b Nature, reason, and comlynes commaunde the sayde body to be subjecte as a thynge brute, to that that dyeth never.

1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. v. 97 By Brute natures I vnderstand all Essences..that are meerely void of life.

1646 D. Evance Noble Order 37 Jehu, and Nebucadnezar weare but brute instruments to worke Gods purposes.

1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. viii. 4 Brute inanimate Matter.

1712 R. Blackmore Creation i. 8 Who..believe That the Brute Earth unguided should embrace The only..Proper Place.

1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iii. 60 A Tendency to prevail over brute Force.

a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) I. ii. 36 The necessary results of a brute mechanism.

1860 G. J. Adler tr. C. C. Fauriel Hist. Provençal Poetry xx. 455 Our Sanctuaries are nothing but brute stone, and still they weep.

1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. ix. 206 The land changed..by the brute forces of nature.

†b. Of inarticulate sound. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > absence of meaning > [adjective]

emptya1225

sleevelessc1450

dumb1531

insensible1538

senseless1579

weetless1579

unsignificant1603

surd1605

matterless1612

unmeaning1632

non-significative1633

brute1642

shelly1648

insignificant1651

insignificative1660

unsignificative1664

unsignifying1665

unsensed1667

meaningless1728

bilka1734

meanless1734

inexpressive1744

unideal1751

unexpressive1755

idealess1793

unsuggestive1797

tenorless1821

themeless1840

nonsensible1851

inarticulate1855

purportless1865

expressionless1871

vacuous1872

contentless1886

unmeaningful1897

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 62 The workes alone are a brute sound, and have no tongue in them.

1656 A. Cowley Davideis iv. 144 in Poems They [the curses] with brute sound, dissolv'd into the ayre.

†c. Of thunder: = brutish adj. 4. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > thunder and lightning > [adjective] > striking at random

brutish1586

brute1656

1656 A. Cowley Davideis iv. 154 (note) in Poems Brute, That signified nothing. So Thunders from whence the ancients could collect no Prognostications, were called Brute Thunders.

a. Of surfaces: rugged; unpolished. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > [adjective] > rough

unsmeetheOE

sharpc893

rowOE

reofOE

roughOE

unplaina1393

harsha1400

scrofc1400

stourc1400

ruggyc1405

asperous1547

harshy1582

shagged1589

horrid1590

unsmooth1598

gross1606

asperate1623

brute1627

scabbed1630

sleazy1644

rasping1656

scaber1657

asper1681

shaggy1693

gruff1697

grating1766

hackly1794

ruvid1837

scrubby1856

unkind1866

raspy1882

ruckly1923

sandpapery1957

1627 M. Drayton Battaile Agincourt 15 The Shiere whose surface seemes most brute Darby.

1804 R. Southey in Ann. Rev. 2 527 The value of the brute diamond.

a1861 T. Winthrop John Brent (1883) i. 6 The precious metal was to the brute mineral in the proportion of perhaps a hundred pin-heads to the ton.

b. brute fact n. a crude, isolated, or unexplained fact.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [noun] > truth known by observation, fact > plain fact

plainc1385

fact1542

matter of fact1583

fact of lifea1806

brute fact1874

1874 G. H. Lewes Probl. Life & Mind I. v. 296 Science looks through the brute fact, to contemplate the Abstraction which gives it connection, significance.

1879 W. James in Mind 4 329 We discriminate between brute fact and explained fact.

1926 A. E. Taylor Plato xvii. 455 Science..is always forced to retain some element of brute fact, the merely given, in its account of things.

1957 Economist 21 Sept. 931/1 He refuses to accommodate the brute facts of historical development within a convenient but artificial pattern.

B. n.¹

a. One of the lower animals as distinguished from humans: a brute creature.In quot. 1870, an ox or cow.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > [noun] > as below man

beastc1225

brute1611

animala1616

1611 T. Heywood Golden Age i. sig. C^v Worse then a bruit, for bruits preserue their own.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 441 My Image, not imparted to the Brute .

1712 A. Pope in Spectator No. 408. Man seems to be placed as the middle Link between Angels and Brutes.

1725 I. Watts Logick i. vi. 144 Life..attributed to Plants, to Brutes, and to Men.

1870 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1867–8 7 223 I..did not lose a brute until the past summer.

a1876 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches I. i. iv. 164 Brutes..cannot invent, cannot progress.

b. The animal nature in humans. (Cf. beast n. 7b.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > [noun] > animal sensuality > animal nature in man

beast1615

colt1727

brute1787

1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 235 Again exalt the brute and sink the man.

2. A person resembling a brute in want of intelligence, cruelty, coarseness, sensuality, etc. Now (colloquial) often merely a strong term of reprobation or aversion, and sometimes extended to things.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > stupid person, dolt, blockhead > lout, oaf, booby > [noun]

lubber1362

looby1377

howfing?a1513

slouch?1518

bowberta1522

knuckylbonyarda1529

lob1533

lout1548

patch1549

hoballa1556

lilburnea1556

lobcocka1556

chub1558

hick1565

lourd1579

peasant1581

clown1583

lubbard1586

lumberer1593

lump1597

blooterc1600

boobyc1600

lob-coat1604

hoy1607

bacon-brainsa1635

alcatote1638

oaf1638

kelf1665

brute1670

dowf1722

gawky1724

chuckle1731

chuckle-head1731

John Trott1753

stega1823

lummoxa1825

gawk1837

country jakea1854

guffin1862

galoot1866

stot1877

lobster1896

mutt1900

palooka1920

schlub1950

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > savage person > [noun] > brutal

brute1670

Caliban1678

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [noun] > inhuman > person

beastc1225

inhuman1653

brutal1655

brute1752

1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. xi. 538 These Bruits incapable of Reason, were exasperated at the very name of Punishment.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 303 The great fat Brute thought it below him.

1722 D. Defoe Relig. Courtship i. iii. 124 I was a Brute for living in that horrid Manner.

1752 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 4 Oct. (1932) (modernized text) V. 1954 That northern brute, the king of Sweden!

1766 C. Anstey New Bath Guide viii. ii. 50 Their Husbands those Brutes..swear they will never set Foot here again.

1867 R. Broughton Cometh up as Flower I. viii. 115 He would be a pretty brute.

1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda I. ii. xii. 224 The brute of a cigar required relighting.

1885 M. Oliphant Madam I. v. 67 Women can't try their husbands for being brutes.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

brute-man n.

ΚΠ

1852 M. F. Tupper Proverb. Philos. 296 Hath..the brute-man more than instinct?

brute-minded adj.

brute-mindedness n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intellect > want of intellect > animal nature of man > [noun] > brutishness

bestialitya1413

brutality1550

bruteness1590

brutalism1803

bestialism1824

brute-mindedness1843

beaver-intellect1850

beaverism1850

brutalization1874

1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present iii. xii. 271 Thou findest Ignorance, Stupidity, Brute-mindedness, [etc.].

brute-shadow n.

ΚΠ

1822 T. Hood Lycus 123 Lest a brute shadow should grow at my feet.

brute-worship n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > kinds of worship > [noun] > of animals

brute-worship1738

zoolatry1784

therolatry1873

theriolatry1897

1738 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses I. 284 The Original of Brute-worship.

† brute-beastish adj. and adv. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > [adjective] > as opposed to man

rudea1325

beastlya1393

brute-beastish1530

brutish1534

ignoble1602

subhuman1790

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 307/1 Brute beestysshe..bruste.

brute-like adj. and adv.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > compassion > pitilessness > [adjective] > unsympathetic

unfeeling1600

uncommiserating1679

uncondoleda1711

unsympathizing1735

brute-like1813

unsympathetic1857

1813 Ld. Byron Giaour (new ed.) 2 Man..should..trample, brute-like, o'er each flower.

1862 E. Bulwer-Lytton Strange Story II. v. 47 His brute-like want of sympathy with his kind.

C2.

brute-bastille n. a menagerie.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1827 T. Hood Monkey-martyr in Whims & Oddities 2nd Ser. 70 To look around upon this brute-bastille.

brute-buried adj. buried like a brute.

ΚΠ

1822 T. Hood Lycus 247 Let me utterly be Brute-buried.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	brute
释义	† Bruten.² Forms: Also 1500s bruit. Etymology: In sense 1, a variant of Brett or Britt, influenced by the Brutus myth; in sense 2, apparently = Brut, Brutus, itself. From the Old Celtic (and Latin) Britto , Briton n. and adj., there was subsequently formed the proper name of an eponymous hero, the reputed first king and founder of Britain. His name appears in Nennius also as Bruto , in the Irish version as Britus and Brutus . In the latter form he was linked with classical antiquity and the tale of Troy, being made a great-grandson of Æneas. Brutus accordingly became the prevailing form in Latin writers; and was adapted in Welsh and Old French as Brut . Of this the sense was transferred through that of ‘chronicle or history of Brut’ to that of ‘chronicle of Britain’ or ‘Welsh chronicle’ generally: see brut n. But its use as a proper name was not forgotten, and in the 16th cent. it appears to have given rise to sense 2. Obsolete. 1. A Briton, a Welshman. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Celtic people > [noun] > ancient Britons > person WelshmaneOE Britonc1275 Britain1482 Brutea1513 Brett1535 Welsh Britain1573 Welsh Briton1577 a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. iii. sig. n.^v Whiche kynge expulsed..All brutes and walshemen clere out of his londe. 1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. iii. xvi. 64 Pledges..that Denmarke it should pay Continuall Tribute to the Brutes. 2. The legendary Trojan Brutus, first king of Britain, and founder of ‘Troynovant’ or London. Hence: (a) a ‘Brutus’, a hero of British, Welsh, or Arthurian story; (b) (hence generally) a hero, ‘brave’, ‘gallant’, ‘worthy’ (by some writers used quite vaguely, and apparently without any notion of the original sense). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > hero Hectora1387 worthy1552 Brutea1556 hero1578 heroic1586 Argonaut1596 Argonautic1614 a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) i. i. sig. B.j Who is this? greate Goliah, Sampson, or Colbrande? No (say I) but it is a brute of the Alie lande. ?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 12 Consider..what ioly yonkers and lusty brutes these wil be, when they shal come to be Citizens. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 2^v A greate blotte to the linage of so noble a brute. a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. H2 These braue lustie brutes, These friendly youths did perish by thine art. 1593 G. Peele Famous Chron. King Edward the First sig. C3 But if kinde Cambria deigne me good aspect, To make me cheefest brute of westerne Wales. 1599 Hist. Syr Clyomon & Clamydes sig. E4^v I haue giuen my faith and troth to such a brute of fame, As is the knight of the Golden Shield. 1606 T. Dekker Seuen Deadly Sinnes London vii. sig. G1 [London] this fairest-fac'de daughter of Brute. [Note] 2700 and odde yeeres since London was first builded by Brute.] This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2021). bruteadj.n.¹ Brit. /bruːt/, U.S. /brut/ Forms: Also 1600s bruit(e. Etymology: < French brut, feminine brute < Latin brūtus heavy, dull, irrational (Spanish bruto, Italian bruto, noun). Some of the senses are probably directly from, or at least influenced by, the Latin. A. adj. (Now often an attributive use of the noun.) 1. Of animals: wanting in reason or understanding; chiefly in phrases brute beasts, the brute creation, = the ‘lower animals’. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > lack of reason, irrationality > [adjective] > of animals, things, etc. out of (all) reasonc1390 reasonlessa1450 brutea1475 a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 11 Fro fleisch of alle brute beestis. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxii. f. cxliii^v Great moreyne fell vpon the brute bestes. 1580 T. Lupton Siuqila 55 More senselesse, than the senselest or brutest beast in the world. 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 1 Bruit-beasts led with sensualitie. 1613 G. Wither Abuses Stript i. v, in Juvenilia (1633) 42 Viler than the brutest creature. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 495 The brute Serpent in whose shape Man I deceav'd. View more context for this quotation 1703 N. Rowe Fair Penitent iii. i Whose bounteous Hand feeds the whole Brute Creation. 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. i. xiii. 48 To degrade Humane Kind to a level with Brute Beasts. 1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 46 Not a being, human or brute, appeared. 1849 W. Irving Mahomet (1853) x. 59 The very brute animals were charmed to silence. 2. a. Of human beings, their actions, and attributes: brute-like, brutish; dull, senseless, stupid; unintelligent, unreasoning, uninstructed; sensual. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intellect > want of intellect > animal nature of man > [adjective] beastly?c1225 bestiala1398 brutal?1518 brute1535 brutish1555 animal1581 beaverish1850 beaver-like1873 1535 T. Bedyl in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. ii. App. lv I suppose many of the curates to be so brute, that they would read or speake every word, as it was written. a1618 J. Sylvester Mem. Mortalitie ii. xxxix Man (alas!) is bruter than a Brute. 1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 5 Their owne brute inventions. 1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 11 Which..should preserve it in love and reason, and difference it from a brute conjugality. 1812 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 8 321 The deplorable doctrines of brute materialism. 1870 F. C. Bowen Logic viii. 238 A black skin is not an invariable sign of a brute intellect. b. Rough, rude, wanting in sensibility. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > ill-mannered > unrefined boistousc1300 untheweda1325 uplandisha1387 unaffiled1390 rudea1393 knavishc1405 peoplisha1425 clubbedc1440 blunt1477 lob?1507 robust1511 borel1513 carterly1519 clubbish1530 rough?1531 rustical?1532 incondite1539 agrestc1550 rusticc1550 brute1555 lobcocka1556 loutisha1556 carterlike1561 boorish1562 ruggedc1565 lobbish1567 loutlike1567 sowish1570 clownish1581 unrefined1582 impolished1583 homespun1590 transalpinea1592 swaddish1593 unpolished1594 untutored1595 swabberly1596 tartarous1602 porterly1603 lobcocked1606 lob-like1606 cluster-fisted1611 agrestic1617 inurbane1623 unelevated1627 incult1628 unbrushed1640 vulgar1643 unhewed1644 unsmooth1648 hirsute1658 loutardly1658 unhewn1659 roughsome?c1660 sordid1668 inhumanea1680 coarse1699 brutal1709 ramgunshoch1721 tramontane1740 uncouth1740 no-nationa1756 unurbane1760 turnipy1792 rudas1802 common1804 cubbish1819 clodhopping1828 vulgarian1833 cloddish1844 unkempt1846 bush1851 vulgarish1860 rodney1866 crude1876 ignorant1886 yobby1910 nekulturny1932 oikish1959 yobbish1966 ocker1972 down and dirty1977 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. x. 210 Their behauour was in the beginning very brute. 1645 J. Milton Colasterion 23 As to this brute Libel. 1702 N. Rowe Ambitious Step-mother (ed. 2) Prol. 7 The Brute Philosopher, who ne'er has prov'd The Joy of Loving or of being Lov'd. 3. a. Of things: not possessing or connected with reason, intelligence, or sensation; irrational, unconscious, senseless; merely material; esp. in brute matter, brute force. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intellect > want of intellect > [adjective] mindlessOE brute1540 unintelligent1664 unintellectuala1676 numb1854 amental1877 1540 R. Morison tr. J. L. Vives Introd. Wysedome (new ed.) B v b Nature, reason, and comlynes commaunde the sayde body to be subjecte as a thynge brute, to that that dyeth never. 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. v. 97 By Brute natures I vnderstand all Essences..that are meerely void of life. 1646 D. Evance Noble Order 37 Jehu, and Nebucadnezar weare but brute instruments to worke Gods purposes. 1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. viii. 4 Brute inanimate Matter. 1712 R. Blackmore Creation i. 8 Who..believe That the Brute Earth unguided should embrace The only..Proper Place. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iii. 60 A Tendency to prevail over brute Force. a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) I. ii. 36 The necessary results of a brute mechanism. 1860 G. J. Adler tr. C. C. Fauriel Hist. Provençal Poetry xx. 455 Our Sanctuaries are nothing but brute stone, and still they weep. 1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. ix. 206 The land changed..by the brute forces of nature. †b. Of inarticulate sound. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > absence of meaning > [adjective] emptya1225 sleevelessc1450 dumb1531 insensible1538 senseless1579 weetless1579 unsignificant1603 surd1605 matterless1612 unmeaning1632 non-significative1633 brute1642 shelly1648 insignificant1651 insignificative1660 unsignificative1664 unsignifying1665 unsensed1667 meaningless1728 bilka1734 meanless1734 inexpressive1744 unideal1751 unexpressive1755 idealess1793 unsuggestive1797 tenorless1821 themeless1840 nonsensible1851 inarticulate1855 purportless1865 expressionless1871 vacuous1872 contentless1886 unmeaningful1897 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 62 The workes alone are a brute sound, and have no tongue in them. 1656 A. Cowley Davideis iv. 144 in Poems They [the curses] with brute sound, dissolv'd into the ayre. †c. Of thunder: = brutish adj. 4. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > thunder and lightning > [adjective] > striking at random brutish1586 brute1656 1656 A. Cowley Davideis iv. 154 (note) in Poems Brute, That signified nothing. So Thunders from whence the ancients could collect no Prognostications, were called Brute Thunders. 4. a. Of surfaces: rugged; unpolished. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > [adjective] > rough unsmeetheOE sharpc893 rowOE reofOE roughOE unplaina1393 harsha1400 scrofc1400 stourc1400 ruggyc1405 asperous1547 harshy1582 shagged1589 horrid1590 unsmooth1598 gross1606 asperate1623 brute1627 scabbed1630 sleazy1644 rasping1656 scaber1657 asper1681 shaggy1693 gruff1697 grating1766 hackly1794 ruvid1837 scrubby1856 unkind1866 raspy1882 ruckly1923 sandpapery1957 1627 M. Drayton Battaile Agincourt 15 The Shiere whose surface seemes most brute Darby. 1804 R. Southey in Ann. Rev. 2 527 The value of the brute diamond. a1861 T. Winthrop John Brent (1883) i. 6 The precious metal was to the brute mineral in the proportion of perhaps a hundred pin-heads to the ton. b. brute fact n. a crude, isolated, or unexplained fact. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [noun] > truth known by observation, fact > plain fact plainc1385 fact1542 matter of fact1583 fact of lifea1806 brute fact1874 1874 G. H. Lewes Probl. Life & Mind I. v. 296 Science looks through the brute fact, to contemplate the Abstraction which gives it connection, significance. 1879 W. James in Mind 4 329 We discriminate between brute fact and explained fact. 1926 A. E. Taylor Plato xvii. 455 Science..is always forced to retain some element of brute fact, the merely given, in its account of things. 1957 Economist 21 Sept. 931/1 He refuses to accommodate the brute facts of historical development within a convenient but artificial pattern. B. n.¹ 1. a. One of the lower animals as distinguished from humans: a brute creature.In quot. 1870, an ox or cow. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > [noun] > as below man beastc1225 brute1611 animala1616 1611 T. Heywood Golden Age i. sig. C^v Worse then a bruit, for bruits preserue their own. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 441 My Image, not imparted to the Brute . View more context for this quotation 1712 A. Pope in Spectator No. 408. Man seems to be placed as the middle Link between Angels and Brutes. 1725 I. Watts Logick i. vi. 144 Life..attributed to Plants, to Brutes, and to Men. 1870 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1867–8 7 223 I..did not lose a brute until the past summer. a1876 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches I. i. iv. 164 Brutes..cannot invent, cannot progress. b. The animal nature in humans. (Cf. beast n. 7b.) ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > [noun] > animal sensuality > animal nature in man beast1615 colt1727 brute1787 1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 235 Again exalt the brute and sink the man. 2. A person resembling a brute in want of intelligence, cruelty, coarseness, sensuality, etc. Now (colloquial) often merely a strong term of reprobation or aversion, and sometimes extended to things. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > stupid person, dolt, blockhead > lout, oaf, booby > [noun] lubber1362 looby1377 howfing?a1513 slouch?1518 bowberta1522 knuckylbonyarda1529 lob1533 lout1548 patch1549 hoballa1556 lilburnea1556 lobcocka1556 chub1558 hick1565 lourd1579 peasant1581 clown1583 lubbard1586 lumberer1593 lump1597 blooterc1600 boobyc1600 lob-coat1604 hoy1607 bacon-brainsa1635 alcatote1638 oaf1638 kelf1665 brute1670 dowf1722 gawky1724 chuckle1731 chuckle-head1731 John Trott1753 stega1823 lummoxa1825 gawk1837 country jakea1854 guffin1862 galoot1866 stot1877 lobster1896 mutt1900 palooka1920 schlub1950 the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > savage person > [noun] > brutal brute1670 Caliban1678 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [noun] > inhuman > person beastc1225 inhuman1653 brutal1655 brute1752 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. xi. 538 These Bruits incapable of Reason, were exasperated at the very name of Punishment. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 303 The great fat Brute thought it below him. 1722 D. Defoe Relig. Courtship i. iii. 124 I was a Brute for living in that horrid Manner. 1752 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 4 Oct. (1932) (modernized text) V. 1954 That northern brute, the king of Sweden! 1766 C. Anstey New Bath Guide viii. ii. 50 Their Husbands those Brutes..swear they will never set Foot here again. 1867 R. Broughton Cometh up as Flower I. viii. 115 He would be a pretty brute. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda I. ii. xii. 224 The brute of a cigar required relighting. 1885 M. Oliphant Madam I. v. 67 Women can't try their husbands for being brutes. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. brute-man n. ΚΠ 1852 M. F. Tupper Proverb. Philos. 296 Hath..the brute-man more than instinct? brute-minded adj. brute-mindedness n. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intellect > want of intellect > animal nature of man > [noun] > brutishness bestialitya1413 brutality1550 bruteness1590 brutalism1803 bestialism1824 brute-mindedness1843 beaver-intellect1850 beaverism1850 brutalization1874 1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present iii. xii. 271 Thou findest Ignorance, Stupidity, Brute-mindedness, [etc.]. brute-shadow n. ΚΠ 1822 T. Hood Lycus 123 Lest a brute shadow should grow at my feet. brute-worship n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > kinds of worship > [noun] > of animals brute-worship1738 zoolatry1784 therolatry1873 theriolatry1897 1738 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses I. 284 The Original of Brute-worship. b. † brute-beastish adj. and adv. Obsolete ΘΚΠ the world > animals > [adjective] > as opposed to man rudea1325 beastlya1393 brute-beastish1530 brutish1534 ignoble1602 subhuman1790 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 307/1 Brute beestysshe..bruste. brute-like adj. and adv. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > compassion > pitilessness > [adjective] > unsympathetic unfeeling1600 uncommiserating1679 uncondoleda1711 unsympathizing1735 brute-like1813 unsympathetic1857 1813 Ld. Byron Giaour (new ed.) 2 Man..should..trample, brute-like, o'er each flower. 1862 E. Bulwer-Lytton Strange Story II. v. 47 His brute-like want of sympathy with his kind. C2. brute-bastille n. a menagerie.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1827 T. Hood Monkey-martyr in Whims & Oddities 2nd Ser. 70 To look around upon this brute-bastille. brute-buried adj. buried like a brute. ΚΠ 1822 T. Hood Lycus 247 Let me utterly be Brute-buried. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). > as lemmas brute brute v. (transitive) . ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > making jewellery or setting with jewels > set or stud (something) with gems [verb (transitive)] > to rough out a diamond brute1903 1903 L. J. Spencer tr. M. Bauer Precious Stones 243 The stone to be bruted is fixed to a handle. extracted from brutingn.² < n.²a1513adj.n.¹a1475 as lemmas
随便看	dinars dinas dinas brick dinas clay dinder dindin dindle dindle the sky dindle-dandle dindled dindledandle dindles dindling dine dine and dash dine forth dine in dine out dine out on dine with duke humphrey dine with st giles and the earl of murray dine-and-dash dine-and-dash customer dine-and-dash incident dine-and-dasher

† Bruten.2

bruteadj.n.1

Compounds

> as lemmas

† Bruten.²

bruteadj.n.¹