unfortunateadj.n.

Brit.

/ʌnˈfɔːtʃn̩ət/,

/ʌnˈfɔːtʃ(ə)nət/,

/ʌnˈfɔːtjᵿnət/, U.S.

/ˌənˈfɔrtʃ(ə)nət/

Etymology: un- prefix¹ 1

A. adj.

a. Of persons, etc.: Not favoured by fortune; meeting with bad fortune; suffering mishap or mischance; unlucky.For examples of the superlative in -est see (b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [adjective] > suffering misfortune

feyOE

unseelyOE

wanspeedyc1000

unselea1200

unblessed1340

unhappena1400

unhappyc1440

misfortuneda1500

unfortunate1530

unlucky1542

misdight1607

unblestful1608

inominal1656

unprovidenceda1661

unfortunable1729

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 328/1 Unfortunate,..malfortuné.

1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. iv. f. 55^v I haue learned to be vnfortunate, and it is often tymes a comforte of a mans calamitie to knowe his misshapp.

1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iii. Ep. Ded. sig. Aa.iij^v Hee was of all the Iewishe kinges..in his lyfe the most vnfortunate.

1652 in E. Nicholas Papers (1886) I. 315 He hath been not only unfortunate in most of his counsels but incompatible in business.

1680 Charac. Town-Miss (Hindley III) 5 She shall..fall a Sniveling and call herself the most unfortunate of Women.

1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. vi. 417 It was late next morning before the fate of the unfortunate Prince was known.

a1845 S. Smith Elem. Sketches Moral Philos. (1850) 218 You travel for twenty or five-and-twenty miles over one of the most unfortunate, desolate countries under heaven.

1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ Valerie's Fate vi The unfortunate gentleman was well known... What a blow his death will be to..his partner!

absolute.1676 J. Dryden Aureng-Zebe v. 72 Envious death will shun th'unfortunate.1712 A. Pope Corr. 28 May (1956) I. 143 The unfortunate of all people are the most unfit to be left alone.1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) III. xxvii. 7 He was taught, by cruel experience, that every gate is shut against the unfortunate.1825 W. Scott Talisman vii, in Tales Crusaders IV. 137 To have doomed the unfortunate to death might have been severity, but had a show of justice.(b)1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea i. 2 The Revenge, which was ever the vnfortunatest Ship, the late Queenes Maiestie had.1639 S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events 35 Tearming himselfe the unfortunatest of all lovers.1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xxix. 257 I remember the time when he was the unluckiest and unfortunatest of men.

†b. Const. of. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1611 Speed England, Wales ii. vii The Townes for commerce,..two of them vnfortunate of their former greatnes.

c. In specific uses: (see quots.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > [adjective]

poorc1300

afflicta1393

mistada1400

aggrudged1440

afflicted1534

tribulate1575

distressed1586

rid1610

over-grieved1618

ridden1640

tribulated1682

hag-rid1691

crosseda1732

bad off1735

badly off1740

unfortunate1785

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [adjective] > given over to prostitution

prostituted1565

prostitute1569

unfortunate1785

1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Unfortunate gentlemen, the horse guards, who thus named themselves in Germany.

1792 Observer 24 June 3/1 The great number of unfortunate young women, who nightly parade the streets of this immense metropolis, for the horrid purpose of..prostitution of their persons.

1796 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (ed. 3) Unfortunate women, prostitutes.

1838 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth (ed. 2) 1st Ser. 137 As a strumpet is become an unfortunate female.

1883 M. B. Betham-Edwards Disarmed xxxviii Alice Ashe, seamstress, unmarried, ‘unfortunate’.

2. Marked by, or associated with, misfortune or mishap; disastrous, inauspicious. Also, in weaker sense: Untoward, unlucky, regrettable.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [adjective]

unseelyOE

ungraciousa1387

infortunatec1390

unhappy1390

haplessa1400

mischancefula1400

unfortunedc1403

infortuneda1413

maleurousa1460

infortunable?a1475

mal-infortunedc1475

unselc1480

mischanced1488

misadventurousa1500

unhap1509

misfortunate1510

mischancya1522

unuredc1525

maleureda1529

unlucky1530

unfortunate1548

luckless1563

unluckly1564

unfortunable1567

untoward1570

unable?1572

sinister1576

unsonsy1578

disaster1584

disastereda1586

disastrous1586

unweirdedc1590

wanhappy?1590

misbefallen1591

fortuneless1596

infelicious1598

misadventured1599

improsperous1602

untoward1632

unhandsome1640

ill-fated1715

donsie?1719

swarthy1756

infelicitous1835

bad luck1872

stiff1919

spooked1937

jinxed1972

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxviij What number of noble men haue ben..executed, sith that vnfortunate day.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccciiij^v But after chaunced a time more vnfortunate.

1587 R. Hakluyt tr. R. de Laudonnière Notable Hist. Foure Voy. Florida f. 16 They put themselues to sea, and with so slender victualles, that the end of their enterprise became vnlucky and vnfortunate.

1626 S. D'Ewes Let. 4 Feb. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 218 By reason of suspicion of irregularitie upon the unfortunate killing of a man some few yeares since.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 747 In some part to recompense My rash but more unfortunate misdeed.

1779 Mirror No. 33 But for this unfortunate weakness, Mr. Gold..would make one of the best of husbands.

1846 A. Marsh Father Darcy II. xxi. 354 Would not some link of connexion with this ‘unfortunate business’, as he styled it, be detected?

1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay iii. 40 Is it not unfortunate?..my father cannot return till to-morrow.

1890 Retrospect Med. 102 103 The word ‘massage’ seems rather an unfortunate one to apply to the procedure.

B. n.

1. One who is unfortunate; an unfortunate person.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > unfortunate person

infortunate?a1439

Jonah1612

unfortunate1683

misfortunera1774

misadventurer1886

1683 T. Hoy Agathocles 23 But of the brave Unfortunates was none Whose glorious Suff'rings Philocles out-shone.

1697 G. Burghope Disc. Relig. Assemblies 87 Out of pity to those unfortunates that are design'd for that place [sc. hell].

1776 S. J. Pratt Pupil of Pleasure (1777) I. 206 You..appeared only in the light of a person..not allied to the parent of that dear unfortunate.

1801 Monthly Mag. 2 131 You will not be able to avoid pitying these unfortunates when they inform you that their souls are mortal.

1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. i. 2 These unfortunates are wont to be trained and taught by those who speak.

2. A fallen woman; a prostitute.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > [noun] > of woman > woman who has lost chastity

unfortunate1803

damaged goods1809

1803 G. Colman John Bull ii. ii. 26 Frank. Where is the reparation to the unfortunate he has deserted? Shuffleton... A great many unfortunates sport a stilish carriage.

1844 Hood's Mag. May 414 One more Unfortunate..Gone to her death!

1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. v. 118 Unfortunates committed to prison were in evil case.

3. Irish English. An idiot.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > mental deficiency > [noun] > person

congeonc1285

idiota1400

foola1425

natural foolc1450

natural idiot1497

natural1533

changeling1577

weakling1577

mooncalf1586

slimslack1600

aufe1621

oaf1638

weak-wit1656

underwit1682

imbecile1830

ament1871

unfortunate1881

balmy1903

subnormal1905

deficient1906

retard1909

retardate1912

retarded1912

mopoke1946

retardee1956

mong1980

1881 Folk Lore Rec. IV. 113 Do you see that ‘innocent’ or ‘unfortunate’ or ‘object’?

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1924; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	unfortunate
释义	unfortunateadj.n. Brit. /ʌnˈfɔːtʃn̩ət/, /ʌnˈfɔːtʃ(ə)nət/, /ʌnˈfɔːtjᵿnət/, U.S. /ˌənˈfɔrtʃ(ə)nət/ Etymology: un- prefix¹ 1 A. adj. 1. a. Of persons, etc.: Not favoured by fortune; meeting with bad fortune; suffering mishap or mischance; unlucky.For examples of the superlative in -est see (b). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [adjective] > suffering misfortune feyOE unseelyOE wanspeedyc1000 unselea1200 unblessed1340 unhappena1400 unhappyc1440 misfortuneda1500 unfortunate1530 unlucky1542 misdight1607 unblestful1608 inominal1656 unprovidenceda1661 unfortunable1729 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 328/1 Unfortunate,..malfortuné. 1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. iv. f. 55^v I haue learned to be vnfortunate, and it is often tymes a comforte of a mans calamitie to knowe his misshapp. 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iii. Ep. Ded. sig. Aa.iij^v Hee was of all the Iewishe kinges..in his lyfe the most vnfortunate. 1652 in E. Nicholas Papers (1886) I. 315 He hath been not only unfortunate in most of his counsels but incompatible in business. 1680 Charac. Town-Miss (Hindley III) 5 She shall..fall a Sniveling and call herself the most unfortunate of Women. 1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. vi. 417 It was late next morning before the fate of the unfortunate Prince was known. a1845 S. Smith Elem. Sketches Moral Philos. (1850) 218 You travel for twenty or five-and-twenty miles over one of the most unfortunate, desolate countries under heaven. 1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ Valerie's Fate vi The unfortunate gentleman was well known... What a blow his death will be to..his partner! absolute.1676 J. Dryden Aureng-Zebe v. 72 Envious death will shun th'unfortunate.1712 A. Pope Corr. 28 May (1956) I. 143 The unfortunate of all people are the most unfit to be left alone.1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) III. xxvii. 7 He was taught, by cruel experience, that every gate is shut against the unfortunate.1825 W. Scott Talisman vii, in Tales Crusaders IV. 137 To have doomed the unfortunate to death might have been severity, but had a show of justice.(b)1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea i. 2 The Revenge, which was ever the vnfortunatest Ship, the late Queenes Maiestie had.1639 S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events 35 Tearming himselfe the unfortunatest of all lovers.1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xxix. 257 I remember the time when he was the unluckiest and unfortunatest of men. †b. Const. of. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1611 Speed England, Wales ii. vii The Townes for commerce,..two of them vnfortunate of their former greatnes. c. In specific uses: (see quots.). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > [adjective] poorc1300 afflicta1393 mistada1400 aggrudged1440 afflicted1534 tribulate1575 distressed1586 rid1610 over-grieved1618 ridden1640 tribulated1682 hag-rid1691 crosseda1732 bad off1735 badly off1740 unfortunate1785 society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [adjective] > given over to prostitution prostituted1565 prostitute1569 unfortunate1785 1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Unfortunate gentlemen, the horse guards, who thus named themselves in Germany. 1792 Observer 24 June 3/1 The great number of unfortunate young women, who nightly parade the streets of this immense metropolis, for the horrid purpose of..prostitution of their persons. 1796 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (ed. 3) Unfortunate women, prostitutes. 1838 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth (ed. 2) 1st Ser. 137 As a strumpet is become an unfortunate female. 1883 M. B. Betham-Edwards Disarmed xxxviii Alice Ashe, seamstress, unmarried, ‘unfortunate’. 2. Marked by, or associated with, misfortune or mishap; disastrous, inauspicious. Also, in weaker sense: Untoward, unlucky, regrettable. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [adjective] unseelyOE ungraciousa1387 infortunatec1390 unhappy1390 haplessa1400 mischancefula1400 unfortunedc1403 infortuneda1413 maleurousa1460 infortunable?a1475 mal-infortunedc1475 unselc1480 mischanced1488 misadventurousa1500 unhap1509 misfortunate1510 mischancya1522 unuredc1525 maleureda1529 unlucky1530 unfortunate1548 luckless1563 unluckly1564 unfortunable1567 untoward1570 unable?1572 sinister1576 unsonsy1578 disaster1584 disastereda1586 disastrous1586 unweirdedc1590 wanhappy?1590 misbefallen1591 fortuneless1596 infelicious1598 misadventured1599 improsperous1602 untoward1632 unhandsome1640 ill-fated1715 donsie?1719 swarthy1756 infelicitous1835 bad luck1872 stiff1919 spooked1937 jinxed1972 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxviij What number of noble men haue ben..executed, sith that vnfortunate day. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccciiij^v But after chaunced a time more vnfortunate. 1587 R. Hakluyt tr. R. de Laudonnière Notable Hist. Foure Voy. Florida f. 16 They put themselues to sea, and with so slender victualles, that the end of their enterprise became vnlucky and vnfortunate. 1626 S. D'Ewes Let. 4 Feb. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 218 By reason of suspicion of irregularitie upon the unfortunate killing of a man some few yeares since. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 747 In some part to recompense My rash but more unfortunate misdeed. View more context for this quotation 1779 Mirror No. 33 But for this unfortunate weakness, Mr. Gold..would make one of the best of husbands. 1846 A. Marsh Father Darcy II. xxi. 354 Would not some link of connexion with this ‘unfortunate business’, as he styled it, be detected? 1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay iii. 40 Is it not unfortunate?..my father cannot return till to-morrow. 1890 Retrospect Med. 102 103 The word ‘massage’ seems rather an unfortunate one to apply to the procedure. B. n. 1. One who is unfortunate; an unfortunate person. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > unfortunate person infortunate?a1439 Jonah1612 unfortunate1683 misfortunera1774 misadventurer1886 1683 T. Hoy Agathocles 23 But of the brave Unfortunates was none Whose glorious Suff'rings Philocles out-shone. 1697 G. Burghope Disc. Relig. Assemblies 87 Out of pity to those unfortunates that are design'd for that place [sc. hell]. 1776 S. J. Pratt Pupil of Pleasure (1777) I. 206 You..appeared only in the light of a person..not allied to the parent of that dear unfortunate. 1801 Monthly Mag. 2 131 You will not be able to avoid pitying these unfortunates when they inform you that their souls are mortal. 1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. i. 2 These unfortunates are wont to be trained and taught by those who speak. 2. A fallen woman; a prostitute. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > [noun] > of woman > woman who has lost chastity unfortunate1803 damaged goods1809 1803 G. Colman John Bull ii. ii. 26 Frank. Where is the reparation to the unfortunate he has deserted? Shuffleton... A great many unfortunates sport a stilish carriage. 1844 Hood's Mag. May 414 One more Unfortunate..Gone to her death! 1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. v. 118 Unfortunates committed to prison were in evil case. 3. Irish English. An idiot. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > mental deficiency > [noun] > person congeonc1285 idiota1400 foola1425 natural foolc1450 natural idiot1497 natural1533 changeling1577 weakling1577 mooncalf1586 slimslack1600 aufe1621 oaf1638 weak-wit1656 underwit1682 imbecile1830 ament1871 unfortunate1881 balmy1903 subnormal1905 deficient1906 retard1909 retardate1912 retarded1912 mopoke1946 retardee1956 mong1980 1881 Folk Lore Rec. IV. 113 Do you see that ‘innocent’ or ‘unfortunate’ or ‘object’? This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1924; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † unfortunatev. Etymology: un- prefix² 1d(c). Obsolete. transitive. To make unfortunate or unlucky. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > have befallen as a misfortune to [verb (transitive)] > render unfortunate infortunate1571 unfortunate1653 hoodoo1868 jonah1887 jinx1917 1653 W. Ramesey Astrologia Restaurata 317 An Eclipse of the Sun..unfortunateth the Sea and the affairs thereof. Derivatives † unˈfortunating adj. Obsolete ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [adjective] > causing or bringing misfortune unwealful1412 unluckful1542 infortunate1548 unluckly1564 unluckya1586 unfortunating1647 hoodoo1882 1647 W. Lilly Christian Astrol. xxii. 131 If the unfortunating Planet be in the seventh. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1924; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < adj.n.1530v.1647
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unfortunateadj.n.

† unfortunatev.

Derivatives