unlawfuladj.adv.

Brit.

/(ˌ)ʌnˈlɔːf(ᵿ)l/, U.S.

/ˌənˈlɔf(ə)l/,

/ˌənˈlɑf(ə)l/

Forms: see un- prefix¹ and lawful adj.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: un- prefix¹, lawful adj.

Etymology: < un- prefix¹ + lawful adj. Compare earlier unlawfully adv.

A. adj.

1. Contrary to or prohibited by law; not conforming to, permitted by, or recognized by law; illegal; unjust, wrongful.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > illegality > [adjective]

unleefula1382

unlawfula1387

wrongfulc1386

unleesomec1400

unlisible?c1425

wrong1480

unlegitimate1602

illicit1606

illegal1626

non licet1628

adulterine1640

unlegal1640

illegitimate1645

illegitime1669

wrongous1671

contraband1686

illicitous1693

sly1829

unprocedural1929

bent1930

bust-out1934

bandulu1980

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 459 Hit is unlaweful [L. nefas] among us to woundy þe hilles wiþ culter and wiþ schare.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 29516 Þat cursing tald vn-laghful es þat ordir wantes and right-settnes O lagh.

a1450 in F. W. Willmore Hist. Walsall (1887) 166 If eny..servnte..be founden..plaiyng at eny unlawefull games,..as dyce, tables, cardes, cloch, tenes, foteball, or eny other lyke contrarye to the statute of this lande and ordenaunce of the same towne.

a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 3024 (MED) Here ye thes vnlawful reasouns Mi lord the Soudon seith vs among?

1515 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 13 William Flemynge usith..unlawfull mesures, that is to seye, an unlawfull yerde.

a1525 ( Coventry Leet Bk. (1908) II. 418 Vnlaufull & hurtfull ordenaunces made by the seid dyers.

1581 in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Var. Coll. (1901) I. 68 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 784) XXXVI. i. 1 They have used certeine games called Trolemadame and ryffling for disshes and platters,..being unlawful and cossyning games.

1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 449 Anie other prohibited places and unlawful Ports whatsoever, in the Kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway.

1668 A. Marvell Let. 7 Mar. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 67 The unlawfull meetings of Papists & Nonconformists.

a1734 R. North Examen (1740) iii. viii. §60. 630 The Corporation..for every unlawful Act done by the Body was seisable, for the Abuser, as forfeited.

1790 in Trial J. Vance 43 If a suitable number of persons assemble for the purpose of committing an unlawful act, they are no doubt riotors.

1805 R. Southey Madoc i. xv. 157 Becket did excommunicate thy sire For his unlawful marriage.

1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn II. liv. 211 A fresh edict..which declared Christianity to be an unlawful religion.

1927 Amer. Mercury Nov. 285/1 It is now unlawful in California..to read the Constitution within the hearing of citizens passing along a public highway.

1979 Economist 28 July 24/3 For the unlawful possession of these drugs, the maximum penalty is five years' imprisonment.

2006 S. Townsend Queen Camilla 46 Mr Anwar saw on the news that novelty slippers would soon become unlawful.

2. Contrary to or prohibited by moral standards or religious precepts; immoral, unethical; wicked, sinful.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > immorality > [adjective]

unlawfula1387

unprincipled1644

immoral1660

unmoralized1668

non-moral1858

moralless1869

unethic1871

unethical1871

messy1914

society > morality > moral evil > [adjective] > immoral or unethical

unlawfula1387

viciousc1386

immoral1660

unmoralized1668

non-moral1858

unethic1871

unethical1871

messy1914

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 11 Ȝif þe kyng trespased he studied fast hym to amende, and so he made hym do penaunce seven ȝere for unlaweful liggynge by a mynchoun.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ii. xix. 87 Þe fend..schewiþ vnlaweful schappis [L. formas illicitas] to þe iȝen, for he wolde by þe siȝt distroye chastite.

a1450 tr. Aelred of Rievaulx De Institutione Inclusarum (Bodl.) (1984) 12 (MED) A mayde shuld so be occupied vpon..prayer..that though she were stured to do vnlauful thinges, she shuld not be suffred for remors of conscience.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Mviii^v They profite moche in the refreynyng..of vnlawfull pleasures.

?1556 (a1500) Knight of Curtesy (Copland) sig. A.iii The knight..Which with your lady was talkinge Of loue vnlawfull pryuely.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 51 Hath not else his eye Stray'd his affection in vnlawfull loue?

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iii. v. 70 May be the amorous Count solicites her In the vnlawfull purpose.

1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 206 That Anabaptisticall..tenet..that all warres were utterly unlawfull under the Gospel.

1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra v. v. 336 If Unclean Thoughts are unlawful; then unclean Words, are more so.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 178. ⁋4 The allurements of unlawful pleasure.

1827 E. Bulwer-Lytton Falkland 81 How fearful, how selfish, how degrading, is unlawful love!

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vii. 244 He cannot be accused of having deviated from the path of right in search..of unlawful pleasure.

1956 R. Baldick tr. J.-K. Huysmans Against Nature (2005) ix. 103 The Christian religion had also instilled an unlawful ideal of voluptuous pleasure.

2011 Internat. Herald Tribune (Nexis) 2 June 504 Tattoos are considered unlawful, or ‘haram’, for Muslims.

3. Of a person: not obeying the law; acting illegally or without legal authority; without legal standing.Quot. a1387 may alternatively be interpreted as showing the adverb (see sense B.).

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [adjective] > violating the law

unlawfula1387

trespassant1587

perfract1616

rumpant1621

transgressive1646

violatory1687

violent1697

violative1745

law-breaking1767

transgressinga1812

transgredient1837

infringing1897

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 13 For þe malys of þe Romayns, þat made of hem self unlaweful [c1400 Tiber. unlawefollyche, a1425 Harl. unlawfulich] popes, he ordeyned þat no pope schulde be i-made wiþoute assente of þe emperour.

1429–30 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Sept. 1429 §27. m. 11 Unlaweful hunters of forestes, parkes or warennes.

?1536 A. Boleyn Let. in Harleian Misc. (1808) I. 201 Mine offence being so lawfully proved, your grace is at liberty..to execute worthy punishment on me as an unlawful wife.

1581 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xliv. 319 Moyses forbad ȝou to giue the nichbouris vyf To the vnlauchful husbandis cumpanie.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iv. ii. 14 I haue beene an vnlawfull bawd.

1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. i. 49 These Lawes..are the Acts of the..Courts themselves, which are lawfull; not of the usurping King, who is unlawfull.

1733 N. Mann Of True Years of Birth & Death Christ 37 Another Son of Herod the Great, the second but unlawful Husband of Herodias.

1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. i. 34 The unlawful opener of a letter was put to Death.

1893 Colonies & India 11 Mar. 21/1 When a settler's boat is left unpadlocked overnight it soon finds an unlawful crew.

1905 B. M. Dix Fair Maid of Graystones xix. 209 Lest the smoke from the hut should betray to some loiterer the presence of unlawful tenants upon the islet.

1973 ICLR: Appeal Cases (Lexis) No. 964. 982 A citizen, anxious to exercise his old common law power to arrest an affrayer, would first have to be satisfied that there were at least two unlawful participants.

2014 USA Today (Nexis) 31 July 7 a The increase in unlawful immigrant workers from Central America is being followed by their children coming north to join them.

4. Of offspring: born outside marriage, illegitimate.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > relationship to parent > [adjective] > illegitimate

cheves-bornOE

misbegetc1325

bastc1330

misbegettenc1330

bastard1376

unlawfula1425

naturalc1425

illegitime1502

base1529

base-begot1534

illegitimate1536

misbegotten1554

bastarded1579

misborn1583

nameless1594

spurious1598

unfathered1600

misgotten1623

misbegot1626

baseborn1645

slip-sprung1665

born in (or under or out of) wedlock1675

side wind1738

love-begotten1761

born on the wrong side of the blanket1771

anonymous1869

sinistral1897

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 312 Joseph..perceyvide þat she [sc. Mary] was wiþ childe, and wolde not disseyve oure Ladi... For Crist wolde be conseyved in wedlok..ellis myȝten þe Jewis forsake Crist as unlawful... And so Joseph shulde..kepe him as his lawful sone.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Knychthede (1993) viii. 52 A knychtis wyf yat has barnis vnlaufull of villaine generacioun, dois lytill honour to the order of knychthede.

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. f. v^v You are the veraye ryghte chyldren of God, and no bastardes nor vnlawfull chyldren.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. x. sig. T8 Dronke in my affection to that vnlawfull and vnnaturall sonne of mine.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. vi. 7 All the vnlawfull issue, that their Lust Since then hath made betweene them.

1681 Visct. Stair Inst. Law Scotl. II. xxvii. 127 None of the Intervenient Blood were Bastards, or unlawful Children.

1718 A. Nisbet Ess. Armories iii. 37 Some of them [sc. the younger Sons of Sovereigns] carried nothing of the Royal Ensign more than the unlawful Children did.

1832 B. Disraeli Contarini Fleming I. i. i. 3 The unlawful children of Ignorance and Expediency.

1864 C. L. Balfour Troubled Waters viii. 112 As he had not his parents' love, it certainly did not much matter whether he was their lawful or unlawful offspring.

1918 J. E. Mahaffey What ails World viii. 145 I had a perfect view of..Miss Education..smashing commonwealths and kingdoms to gratify the greed of her unlawful sons and deluded husbands.

2000 H. Kamen Early Mod. European Society vii. 173 The offending woman clearly invited shame, especially if she gave birth to an unlawful child.

5. Contrary to or not conforming to a rule or rules; irregular.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > [adjective] > conforming to rules of grammar > not

false1551

unregular1569

anomalous1659

unlawful1729

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > inaccuracy, inexactness > incorrectness of language > [adjective]

foula1400

unproperc1443

bada1522

tarry1579

vicious1589

brokena1616

tortious1644

solecistical1654

unlawful1729

solecistic1806

unidiomatica1822

anidiomatical1826

murdered1876

1729 T. Cooke Tales 208 The same Word in the Greek and Latin likewise has unlawful Degrees of Comparison.

1836 J. R. Major Guide Greek Trag. 117 In Iambic verse it is unlawful to divide the anapæst between two words.

1866 Chess Player's Mag. New Ser. 2 322 The move of the King can, besides, be insisted on if any unlawful move whatever has been made.

1928 Dial Jan. 84 The motives could..be heard in terms of the melodic independence of each, an otherwise ‘unlawful’ chord progression being excused by the superior assertiveness of the motives themselves.

2016 S. Burnett (Queensland) Times & Rural Weekly (Nexis) 2 Aug. 20 Referee Joe Dangerfield..awarded the Stags a penalty try after he believed the try would have been scored without the unlawful play.

†B. adv.

Unlawfully, illegally. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > illegality > [adverb]

unlawlyc1175

unlawfullya1350

unleefullya1382

wrongfully1439

unlawful1477

unleesomely1528

illegally1628

illegitimatelya1634

unlegally1638

illicitly1812

viciously1880

1477 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 27 (MED) William Bacon holdes ij dogges unlawefull.

1496 in J. S. Clouston Rec. Earldom of Orkney (1914) 74 I..hes sene and understandin..that the said mill is onlawchfull bigit.

Compounds

unlawful assembly n. an illegal gathering of people; spec. (English Law) a gathering of three or more people who intend to commit an act of violence or breach of the peace (now historical).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered > large or numerous > disorderly

frapec1330

rabblea1398

rafflea1450

unlawful assembly1485

rabblement1543

rabble rout?1589

ringat-rangata1600

hurry1620

ribble-rabble1635

tempest1746

cohue1850

pig pile1880

dog pile1921

scrimmage1968

1485–6 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1485 1st Roll §15. m. 14 Mayntenaunce, ymbracerie, riottes or unlawefull assemble.

1549–50 Act 3 & 4 Edward VI c. 5 (title) in Statutes of Realm (1963) IV. i. 104 An Acte for the punyshment of Unlawfull Assemblyes.

1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. xix. 175 An Vnlawful Assembly is, ye company of three persons (or more) gathered togither to doe..an vnlawfull acte.

1664 Act 16 Charles II c. 4 §9 in Statutes of Realm (1963) V. 518 Every person who shall..suffer any such Conventicle unlawfull Assembly or Meeteing aforesaid to be held in his or her House.

1785 London Chron. 20 Oct. 387/1 The judiciary court will cause due enquiry to be made touching riotous and unlawful assemblies and their misdemeanors.

1841 Penny Cycl. XX. 17/1 It is an unlawful assembly when great numbers of people meet together with such circumstances of behaviour as to raise the fears of their fellow-subjects, and to endanger the public peace.

1886 Encycl. Brit. XX. 564/2 A rout is an unlawful assembly which has made a motion towards the execution of its common purpose.

1919 T. W. Hughes Treat. Criminal Law & Procedure vi. xlix. 457 They are guilty of criminal conspiracy, unlawful assembly, rout and riot.

1985 Times 7 Dec. 4/1 Three new offences of riot, violent disorder and affray will replace the old common law offences of riot, unlawful assembly and affray.

2016 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 24 Aug. b1 Police ultimately declared an unlawful assembly, and the activists moved from the meeting room.

unlawful combatant n. International Law a person treated by a state as fighting in an armed conflict without having the right to do so.The legitimacy of unlawful combatant as a term and its status in international law is the subject of debate.

ΚΠ

1901 Manch. Guardian 15 Nov. 5/4 The Boer commanders..regard any Kaffir found in our military service as an unlawful combatant, much, for instance, as our Generals regard a Boer dressed in khaki.

1942 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 36 1086 The law of war has always distinguished..between lawful and unlawful combatants.

2011 B. West Wrong War iii. 61 Our enemies in the twenty-first century do not wear uniforms, and the Supreme Court has proved unable to provide guidelines for dealing with unlawful combatants.

unlawful killing n. Law the killing of a human being in a manner contrary to the law, as murder, manslaughter, etc.; an instance of this.In English law a verdict of unlawful killing can be returned in a coroner's inquest; cf. quot. 2012.

ΚΠ

a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xvi. sig. I.viii^v There is playne among the .x commaundementes forbydden the vnlawfull killing of any man.

1691 G. Miege New State Eng. iii. xvi. 127 Manslaughter is the unlawful killing of one without prepensed Malice.

1800 A. Addison Rep. Cases Pennsylvania 8 Homicide by misadventure is an unlawful killing by accident.

1904 Washington Post 9 Dec. 6/2 Our record of unlawful killing of human beings is far in excess of that of any other enlightened people.

2012 Independent 3 May 1/3 The coroner..pointed towards unlawful killing—either manslaughter or murder—by a ‘third party’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	unlawful
释义	unlawfuladj.adv. Brit. /(ˌ)ʌnˈlɔːf(ᵿ)l/, U.S. /ˌənˈlɔf(ə)l/, /ˌənˈlɑf(ə)l/ Forms: see un- prefix¹ and lawful adj. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: un- prefix¹, lawful adj. Etymology: < un- prefix¹ + lawful adj. Compare earlier unlawfully adv. A. adj. 1. Contrary to or prohibited by law; not conforming to, permitted by, or recognized by law; illegal; unjust, wrongful. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > illegality > [adjective] unleefula1382 unlawfula1387 wrongfulc1386 unleesomec1400 unlisible?c1425 wrong1480 unlegitimate1602 illicit1606 illegal1626 non licet1628 adulterine1640 unlegal1640 illegitimate1645 illegitime1669 wrongous1671 contraband1686 illicitous1693 sly1829 unprocedural1929 bent1930 bust-out1934 bandulu1980 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 459 Hit is unlaweful [L. nefas] among us to woundy þe hilles wiþ culter and wiþ schare. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 29516 Þat cursing tald vn-laghful es þat ordir wantes and right-settnes O lagh. a1450 in F. W. Willmore Hist. Walsall (1887) 166 If eny..servnte..be founden..plaiyng at eny unlawefull games,..as dyce, tables, cardes, cloch, tenes, foteball, or eny other lyke contrarye to the statute of this lande and ordenaunce of the same towne. a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 3024 (MED) Here ye thes vnlawful reasouns Mi lord the Soudon seith vs among? 1515 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 13 William Flemynge usith..unlawfull mesures, that is to seye, an unlawfull yerde. a1525 ( Coventry Leet Bk. (1908) II. 418 Vnlaufull & hurtfull ordenaunces made by the seid dyers. 1581 in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Var. Coll. (1901) I. 68 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 784) XXXVI. i. 1 They have used certeine games called Trolemadame and ryffling for disshes and platters,..being unlawful and cossyning games. 1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 449 Anie other prohibited places and unlawful Ports whatsoever, in the Kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. 1668 A. Marvell Let. 7 Mar. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 67 The unlawfull meetings of Papists & Nonconformists. a1734 R. North Examen (1740) iii. viii. §60. 630 The Corporation..for every unlawful Act done by the Body was seisable, for the Abuser, as forfeited. 1790 in Trial J. Vance 43 If a suitable number of persons assemble for the purpose of committing an unlawful act, they are no doubt riotors. 1805 R. Southey Madoc i. xv. 157 Becket did excommunicate thy sire For his unlawful marriage. 1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn II. liv. 211 A fresh edict..which declared Christianity to be an unlawful religion. 1927 Amer. Mercury Nov. 285/1 It is now unlawful in California..to read the Constitution within the hearing of citizens passing along a public highway. 1979 Economist 28 July 24/3 For the unlawful possession of these drugs, the maximum penalty is five years' imprisonment. 2006 S. Townsend Queen Camilla 46 Mr Anwar saw on the news that novelty slippers would soon become unlawful. 2. Contrary to or prohibited by moral standards or religious precepts; immoral, unethical; wicked, sinful. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > immorality > [adjective] unlawfula1387 unprincipled1644 immoral1660 unmoralized1668 non-moral1858 moralless1869 unethic1871 unethical1871 messy1914 society > morality > moral evil > [adjective] > immoral or unethical unlawfula1387 viciousc1386 immoral1660 unmoralized1668 non-moral1858 unethic1871 unethical1871 messy1914 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 11 Ȝif þe kyng trespased he studied fast hym to amende, and so he made hym do penaunce seven ȝere for unlaweful liggynge by a mynchoun. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ii. xix. 87 Þe fend..schewiþ vnlaweful schappis [L. formas illicitas] to þe iȝen, for he wolde by þe siȝt distroye chastite. a1450 tr. Aelred of Rievaulx De Institutione Inclusarum (Bodl.) (1984) 12 (MED) A mayde shuld so be occupied vpon..prayer..that though she were stured to do vnlauful thinges, she shuld not be suffred for remors of conscience. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Mviii^v They profite moche in the refreynyng..of vnlawfull pleasures. ?1556 (a1500) Knight of Curtesy (Copland) sig. A.iii The knight..Which with your lady was talkinge Of loue vnlawfull pryuely. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 51 Hath not else his eye Stray'd his affection in vnlawfull loue? View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iii. v. 70 May be the amorous Count solicites her In the vnlawfull purpose. View more context for this quotation 1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 206 That Anabaptisticall..tenet..that all warres were utterly unlawfull under the Gospel. 1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra v. v. 336 If Unclean Thoughts are unlawful; then unclean Words, are more so. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 178. ⁋4 The allurements of unlawful pleasure. 1827 E. Bulwer-Lytton Falkland 81 How fearful, how selfish, how degrading, is unlawful love! 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vii. 244 He cannot be accused of having deviated from the path of right in search..of unlawful pleasure. 1956 R. Baldick tr. J.-K. Huysmans Against Nature (2005) ix. 103 The Christian religion had also instilled an unlawful ideal of voluptuous pleasure. 2011 Internat. Herald Tribune (Nexis) 2 June 504 Tattoos are considered unlawful, or ‘haram’, for Muslims. 3. Of a person: not obeying the law; acting illegally or without legal authority; without legal standing.Quot. a1387 may alternatively be interpreted as showing the adverb (see sense B.). ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [adjective] > violating the law unlawfula1387 trespassant1587 perfract1616 rumpant1621 transgressive1646 violatory1687 violent1697 violative1745 law-breaking1767 transgressinga1812 transgredient1837 infringing1897 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 13 For þe malys of þe Romayns, þat made of hem self unlaweful [c1400 Tiber. unlawefollyche, a1425 Harl. unlawfulich] popes, he ordeyned þat no pope schulde be i-made wiþoute assente of þe emperour. 1429–30 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Sept. 1429 §27. m. 11 Unlaweful hunters of forestes, parkes or warennes. ?1536 A. Boleyn Let. in Harleian Misc. (1808) I. 201 Mine offence being so lawfully proved, your grace is at liberty..to execute worthy punishment on me as an unlawful wife. 1581 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xliv. 319 Moyses forbad ȝou to giue the nichbouris vyf To the vnlauchful husbandis cumpanie. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iv. ii. 14 I haue beene an vnlawfull bawd. View more context for this quotation 1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. i. 49 These Lawes..are the Acts of the..Courts themselves, which are lawfull; not of the usurping King, who is unlawfull. 1733 N. Mann Of True Years of Birth & Death Christ 37 Another Son of Herod the Great, the second but unlawful Husband of Herodias. 1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. i. 34 The unlawful opener of a letter was put to Death. 1893 Colonies & India 11 Mar. 21/1 When a settler's boat is left unpadlocked overnight it soon finds an unlawful crew. 1905 B. M. Dix Fair Maid of Graystones xix. 209 Lest the smoke from the hut should betray to some loiterer the presence of unlawful tenants upon the islet. 1973 ICLR: Appeal Cases (Lexis) No. 964. 982 A citizen, anxious to exercise his old common law power to arrest an affrayer, would first have to be satisfied that there were at least two unlawful participants. 2014 USA Today (Nexis) 31 July 7 a The increase in unlawful immigrant workers from Central America is being followed by their children coming north to join them. 4. Of offspring: born outside marriage, illegitimate. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > relationship to parent > [adjective] > illegitimate cheves-bornOE misbegetc1325 bastc1330 misbegettenc1330 bastard1376 unlawfula1425 naturalc1425 illegitime1502 base1529 base-begot1534 illegitimate1536 misbegotten1554 bastarded1579 misborn1583 nameless1594 spurious1598 unfathered1600 misgotten1623 misbegot1626 baseborn1645 slip-sprung1665 born in (or under or out of) wedlock1675 side wind1738 love-begotten1761 born on the wrong side of the blanket1771 anonymous1869 sinistral1897 a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 312 Joseph..perceyvide þat she [sc. Mary] was wiþ childe, and wolde not disseyve oure Ladi... For Crist wolde be conseyved in wedlok..ellis myȝten þe Jewis forsake Crist as unlawful... And so Joseph shulde..kepe him as his lawful sone. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Knychthede (1993) viii. 52 A knychtis wyf yat has barnis vnlaufull of villaine generacioun, dois lytill honour to the order of knychthede. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. f. v^v You are the veraye ryghte chyldren of God, and no bastardes nor vnlawfull chyldren. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. x. sig. T8 Dronke in my affection to that vnlawfull and vnnaturall sonne of mine. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. vi. 7 All the vnlawfull issue, that their Lust Since then hath made betweene them. View more context for this quotation 1681 Visct. Stair Inst. Law Scotl. II. xxvii. 127 None of the Intervenient Blood were Bastards, or unlawful Children. 1718 A. Nisbet Ess. Armories iii. 37 Some of them [sc. the younger Sons of Sovereigns] carried nothing of the Royal Ensign more than the unlawful Children did. 1832 B. Disraeli Contarini Fleming I. i. i. 3 The unlawful children of Ignorance and Expediency. 1864 C. L. Balfour Troubled Waters viii. 112 As he had not his parents' love, it certainly did not much matter whether he was their lawful or unlawful offspring. 1918 J. E. Mahaffey What ails World viii. 145 I had a perfect view of..Miss Education..smashing commonwealths and kingdoms to gratify the greed of her unlawful sons and deluded husbands. 2000 H. Kamen Early Mod. European Society vii. 173 The offending woman clearly invited shame, especially if she gave birth to an unlawful child. 5. Contrary to or not conforming to a rule or rules; irregular. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > [adjective] > conforming to rules of grammar > not false1551 unregular1569 anomalous1659 unlawful1729 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > inaccuracy, inexactness > incorrectness of language > [adjective] foula1400 unproperc1443 bada1522 tarry1579 vicious1589 brokena1616 tortious1644 solecistical1654 unlawful1729 solecistic1806 unidiomatica1822 anidiomatical1826 murdered1876 1729 T. Cooke Tales 208 The same Word in the Greek and Latin likewise has unlawful Degrees of Comparison. 1836 J. R. Major Guide Greek Trag. 117 In Iambic verse it is unlawful to divide the anapæst between two words. 1866 Chess Player's Mag. New Ser. 2 322 The move of the King can, besides, be insisted on if any unlawful move whatever has been made. 1928 Dial Jan. 84 The motives could..be heard in terms of the melodic independence of each, an otherwise ‘unlawful’ chord progression being excused by the superior assertiveness of the motives themselves. 2016 S. Burnett (Queensland) Times & Rural Weekly (Nexis) 2 Aug. 20 Referee Joe Dangerfield..awarded the Stags a penalty try after he believed the try would have been scored without the unlawful play. †B. adv. Unlawfully, illegally. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > illegality > [adverb] unlawlyc1175 unlawfullya1350 unleefullya1382 wrongfully1439 unlawful1477 unleesomely1528 illegally1628 illegitimatelya1634 unlegally1638 illicitly1812 viciously1880 1477 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 27 (MED) William Bacon holdes ij dogges unlawefull. 1496 in J. S. Clouston Rec. Earldom of Orkney (1914) 74 I..hes sene and understandin..that the said mill is onlawchfull bigit. Compounds unlawful assembly n. an illegal gathering of people; spec. (English Law) a gathering of three or more people who intend to commit an act of violence or breach of the peace (now historical). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered > large or numerous > disorderly frapec1330 rabblea1398 rafflea1450 unlawful assembly1485 rabblement1543 rabble rout?1589 ringat-rangata1600 hurry1620 ribble-rabble1635 tempest1746 cohue1850 pig pile1880 dog pile1921 scrimmage1968 1485–6 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1485 1st Roll §15. m. 14 Mayntenaunce, ymbracerie, riottes or unlawefull assemble. 1549–50 Act 3 & 4 Edward VI c. 5 (title) in Statutes of Realm (1963) IV. i. 104 An Acte for the punyshment of Unlawfull Assemblyes. 1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. xix. 175 An Vnlawful Assembly is, ye company of three persons (or more) gathered togither to doe..an vnlawfull acte. 1664 Act 16 Charles II c. 4 §9 in Statutes of Realm (1963) V. 518 Every person who shall..suffer any such Conventicle unlawfull Assembly or Meeteing aforesaid to be held in his or her House. 1785 London Chron. 20 Oct. 387/1 The judiciary court will cause due enquiry to be made touching riotous and unlawful assemblies and their misdemeanors. 1841 Penny Cycl. XX. 17/1 It is an unlawful assembly when great numbers of people meet together with such circumstances of behaviour as to raise the fears of their fellow-subjects, and to endanger the public peace. 1886 Encycl. Brit. XX. 564/2 A rout is an unlawful assembly which has made a motion towards the execution of its common purpose. 1919 T. W. Hughes Treat. Criminal Law & Procedure vi. xlix. 457 They are guilty of criminal conspiracy, unlawful assembly, rout and riot. 1985 Times 7 Dec. 4/1 Three new offences of riot, violent disorder and affray will replace the old common law offences of riot, unlawful assembly and affray. 2016 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 24 Aug. b1 Police ultimately declared an unlawful assembly, and the activists moved from the meeting room. unlawful combatant n. International Law a person treated by a state as fighting in an armed conflict without having the right to do so.The legitimacy of unlawful combatant as a term and its status in international law is the subject of debate. ΚΠ 1901 Manch. Guardian 15 Nov. 5/4 The Boer commanders..regard any Kaffir found in our military service as an unlawful combatant, much, for instance, as our Generals regard a Boer dressed in khaki. 1942 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 36 1086 The law of war has always distinguished..between lawful and unlawful combatants. 2011 B. West Wrong War iii. 61 Our enemies in the twenty-first century do not wear uniforms, and the Supreme Court has proved unable to provide guidelines for dealing with unlawful combatants. unlawful killing n. Law the killing of a human being in a manner contrary to the law, as murder, manslaughter, etc.; an instance of this.In English law a verdict of unlawful killing can be returned in a coroner's inquest; cf. quot. 2012. ΚΠ a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xvi. sig. I.viii^v There is playne among the .x commaundementes forbydden the vnlawfull killing of any man. 1691 G. Miege New State Eng. iii. xvi. 127 Manslaughter is the unlawful killing of one without prepensed Malice. 1800 A. Addison Rep. Cases Pennsylvania 8 Homicide by misadventure is an unlawful killing by accident. 1904 Washington Post 9 Dec. 6/2 Our record of unlawful killing of human beings is far in excess of that of any other enlightened people. 2012 Independent 3 May 1/3 The coroner..pointed towards unlawful killing—either manslaughter or murder—by a ‘third party’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.adv.a1387
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