universallyadv.
/ˌjuːnᵻˈvəːsl̩i/, /ˌjuːnᵻˈvəːsəli/, U.S. /ˌjunəˈvərsəli/ 1. In every case or instance; always.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > frequency > [adverb] > always or in every case
alwayeOE
aldayOE
everOE
by night and (by) daylOE
ayc1175
algatea1200
alwaysc1225
everylikec1225
stillc1297
evermorea1300
algatesa1325
alikec1330
early and latec1330
at all assaysc1360
universallya1398
likec1400
continuallyc1460
tidely1482
ay-whenc1485
from time to (formerly unto) timea1500
at all seasons1526
at once1563
at every turn1565
throughout1567
still still1592
still1594
still and anona1616
still an enda1616
every stitch-while1620
everlastingly1628
constantly1651
everywhen1655
eternally1670
allus1739
any day (of the week)1759
everly1808
allers1833
every time1854
toujours1902
all (the way) down the line1975
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adverb] > universally or with universal application
universallya1398
catholicallya1530
catholicly1633
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. i. 826 He [sc. gravel] hath vniuersaliche kynde of druynge and of clensyng.
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.:Wallner) iii. 7 (MED) Vniuersaly, causez of al solucions of continuite beþ þo forsoþ þat procedeþ fro withoutward Oþer forsoþ of þe selfe body.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Introd. p. xvii That thyng happeneth in the soundyng of thre of theyr vowelles onely,..and that nat universally, but onely so often as [etc.].
1544 Exhort. vnto Prayer sig. A.ii Vniuersally in all our affaires..what soeuer shalbe fall vnto vs.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage ii. vii. 111 The fat and bloud being vniuersally forbidden them for food.
1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. iii. 66 This proportion is not to be taken vniuersally, but commonly for the most part.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1654 (1955) III. 110 We all din'd, at that..universaly Curious Dr. Wilkins's.
1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances II. 189 All Insurances on expected Gains [etc.]..are universally forbid.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) III. xxxviii. 588 Under the empire of Charlemagne, murder was universally punished with death.
1818 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 33 180 The chief reason of this universally evil effect.
1871 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. (1876) vi. 122 It would not be true..to say that use was universally accompanied by beauty.
1920 L. C. Hale American's London viii. 109 I suppose the word [sc. geyser] is universally mispronounced over here because they have not been brought up in a geyser country.
1951 Univ. Chicago Law Rev. 18 338 Despite their relevancy, uncommunicated threats are not universally held admissible.
1999 N. Summerton Diagnosing Cancer in Primary Care 3 The observation that lung cancer is not universally fatal was an important lesson for myself in writing this book.
2. So as to include every individual of a group or number; without exception of any.In quot. 1673 perhaps: all together.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > [adverb]
universally?c1425
closinglyc1449
includinglyc1449
inclusivelyc1487
unexclusively1827
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > [adverb] > comprehensively > with few or no exceptions
generally1340
universally?c1425
unexceptionably1719
unexceptionally1866
?c1425 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Royal 17 D.vi) (1897) l. 2454 I wolde that the hye degree Of Chiualrie vniuersally Bare vp his hede.
1497 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1497 §10. m. 4 Wollen clothe..by making wherof..the pouer pepull have moste universally their leving.
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iii. f. 210 Not one or two of them, but all the Scholemen vniuersallye.
1590 R. Greene Neuer too Late i. 11 Women are vniuersally mala necessaria, wheresoeuer they be eyther bred or brought vp.
1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. 212 Spaine neuer had a disposition to rise vniuersally against us.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. i. §11 It is hardly conceivable..how mankind should universally agree in some common sentiments.
1673 W. Cave Primitive Christianity iii. i. 221 Himself, family, and house [were] universally burnt to ashes.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 46. ⁋1 The Zealots..fell universally into this Emperor's Policies.
1798 S. Lee Young Lady's Tale in H. Lee Canterbury Tales II. 133 A splendid entertainment, to which the English strangers were universally invited.
1847 G. Harris Life Ld. Hardwicke II. 33 The whole nation was universally against it.
1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey II. 308 They are almost universally malevolent.
1921 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 41 66 Philologists and ethnologists almost universally agree that the Dravidians came into India from the same direction as did the Aryans.
1946 Harper's Mag. Dec. 482/1 There was no revival of the drawl till the West began to succumb to the most damaging of its illusions, the notion that it is universally a race of cowpokes.
2001 Guardian 9 June (Saturday section) 2/1 Universally, we ‘jazzerati’ (another Burns-ism) were happy that the music was again in the popular spotlight.
3. So as to affect the whole or every part of something, esp. the human body; all over. rare after 18th cent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adverb]
throughoutlyc1175
throughouta1225
out-througha1325
universally?c1425
?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 22 Of disposiciouns of þe face... The firste partie is vnyuersaliche of þe face: as, for to make faire and to make good colour, and to remeue spottes.
?a1525 (c1450) Christ's Burial & Resurrection ii. l. 1357 in F. J. Furnivall Digby Plays (1896) 216 He sufferd patiently..To be woundid vniuersally, With scowrges, nayles, & spere.
1580 T. Blundeville Foure Offices Horsemanship (rev. ed.) iii. 72 If he be vexed with an ague, or with anie other disease, vniuersallie hurting his bodie.
1653 N. Culpeper Pharmacopœia Londinensis 320/2 Such as strengthen Nature against Poyson either do it to the whol Body universally, or else strengthen some particular part thereof.
1736 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. IX. 164 The whole city continued universally in flames.
1793 Minstrel II. 159 The storm..universally chilled her frame.
1805 E. Clark Banks of Douro II. 280 She trembled so universally, that Lucy gave her some..water to drink.
2006 J. Kanady Capital Offences xxxii. 124 The impact made my body hurt universally when I hit the ground.
4. With extension to every part (of a specified whole); in every part or place; everywhere.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > here, there, etc. > [adverb] > everywhere
aywherec1000
ywhereOE
overallOE
everywherec1225
ever aywherec1330
algatesa1393
over-allwhere1395
eachwherea1400
ouerwhere?a1400
universally?a1430
all overc1440
allwherec1450
atoura1475
all wheresc1515
universal1524
everywheres1834
algate1843
everyplace1854
?a1430 T. Hoccleve Ad Beatam Virginem (Huntington) l. 91 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 46 The sonne, of whom hir light Shee [sc. the moon] takith, & it vniuerselly Yeueth vn-to the world whan it is nyght.
1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 362/1 Murreyn of cattel beganne..so vniuersally in all places, that no towne nor village escaped free.
1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity xvi. 58 Which implies that the Church has a right..to be universally spred over the face of the Earth.
1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 61 They are universally diffused throughout all Bodies in the World.
1750 tr. C. Leonardus Mirror of Stones p. ix An age when Superstition universally prevailed.
1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature V. 188 The opinion..is universally propagated over all the Nations.
1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 15 It is an element universally present in nature.
1872 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 15 Universally distributed through the vein.
1939 M. Pallis Peaks & Lamas i. vi. 68 We were also shown a scroll-painting of the type found universally in Tibet, and called a t'hanka.
1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth ix. 139/2 Once life had become universally distributed over the face of the globe, it must have prevented the further generation of new life-forms.
2002 Jrnl. Soc. Archit. Historians 61 339/2 The general preference for concentrating on twentieth-century topics is now almost universally present in Dutch as well as in Belgian schools of architecture.
5. With respect to every individual of a class; by, among, to, etc., everyone concerned.
ΚΠ
a1475 (a1447) O. Bokenham Mappula Angliae in Englische Studien (1887) 10 33 (MED) Vniuersaly in alle Englyssh men so moche is growyne and customyd þe variable & þe vnstable chaunge of cloþyngis..þat yche of hem as now adayes semythe for to been Newtur gendur.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique sig. A.iiijv A straunge matter, that thinges doen in Englande seuen yeres before, and the same vniuersallie forgiuen, should afterwardes be laied to a mannes charge in Roome.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 542 Thy Celestial Beautie.., there best beheld Where universally admir'd. View more context for this quotation
1683 London Jilt i. 15 There are so many Widdows who bewail their Husbands with one eye, and lure new Lovers with the other, that it is almost universally the Mode.
1725 F. Hutcheson Inq. Ideas Beauty & Virtue iv. 39 Some Works of Art acquire a distinct Beauty by their Correspondence to some universally suppos'd Intention in the Artificer.
1765 Museum Rusticum 4 344 Rye is generally (nay universally, I think) allowed to be a better bearer than wheat.
1838 A. De Morgan Ess. Probabilities 167 These tables..are almost universally used by the assurance offices.
1869 E. Dunkin Midnight Sky 8 The universally-known seven stars in Ursa Major.
1907 J. Conrad Secret Agent ii. 36 Mostly at the expense of the universally regretted Baron Stott-Wartenheim.
1950 Western Folklore Apr. 138 The cowboy's six-shooter speaks a language universally understood.
1996 W. D. Gehring Amer. Dark Comedy iii. 80 Her performance, which still stands up today, was universally praised at the time.
6.
a. Logic and Philosophy. In the manner of a universal proposition or concept; in relation to all the members of a class or genus. Cf. universal adj. 6b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adverb] > universally or with universal application > in relation to all members of a class
universally1551
1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Gvjv The argument is euermore made from the generall, to the kynde vniuersally.
1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum ii. vi. 231* The predicate is in the Subiect vniuersally, that is, in euery subiect of the same kinde.
1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. ii. 67 The Essences of singular Bodies..being Abstracted from those Bodies themselves, are consider'd Universally.
1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica i. xxxi. 122 The enunciation universally first is only that in which the predicate agrees or convenes with the subject.
1725 I. Watts Logick ii. ii. 237 Mankind..generally have an Inclination to magnify their Ideas, and to talk roundly and universally concerning any thing they speak of.
1792 E. Christian Diss. Cases Judicature 35 Those demonstrations are a series of propositions eternally and universally true, whether they are written in Greek, Latin, French, or English.
a1831 R. Whately Logic in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) I. 200/1 The term ‘necessary to life’ is affirmed of food, but not universally; for it is not said of every kind of food.
1873 Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. New Ser. 9 ii. 343 The logical atom, or term not capable of logical division, must be one of which every predicate may be universally affirmed or denied.
1902 J. M. Baldwin Dict. Philos. & Psychol. II. 740/1 We say that anything, P, is predicated universally (dictum de omni) when nothing can be subsumed under the subject of which P is not intended to be predicated.
1959 Philos. & Phenomenol. Res. 19 364 The conception..embodied in the Magna Charta stresses the connection between rights and..the individual, who is entitled to enjoy them (even if he is not yet conceived universally, as man qua human being).
2001 Philos. Rev. 110 317 For similar reasons, [the proposition] P does not imply such universally quantified truths as..that all living beings contain DNA molecules.
b. In respect of all the things of a particular class or kind. Chiefly Law: in respect of all parts of a person's estate (and its concomitant rights and duties); cf. universal adj. 11, university n. 2e. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adverb] > universally or with universal application > in respect of all things of the same kind
universally1660
1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall Pref. p. xiii Being almost universally a Linguist.
1695 Laws & Acts 5th Session 1st Parl. William xxiv. 42 His foresaid Possession or Purchase shal be repute a behaviour as Heir, and a sufficient passive Title to make him represent his Predecessor universally, and to be lyable for all his Debts and Deeds.
1751 A. McDouall Inst. Laws Scotl. I. i. vii. 193 The heir serving in lands lying within shires, where the interdiction was not duly registred..will be liable upon the passive title of behaviour..universally to his debts.
1766 Ld. Kames Remarkable Decisions Court of Session 1730–52 37 The defender's possession of the estate subjected him universally to the predecessor's debts.
1823 Encycl. Brit. XI. 681/1 A heir..represents the deceased universally, not only in his rights, but in his debts.
1867 H. S. Maine Anc. Law vi. 175 When a Roman citizen adrogated a son..he succeeded universally to the adoptive child's estate, i.e. he took all the property and became liable for all the obligations.
1941 Northern Ireland Legal Q. 4 196 The principle cannot be made to extend universally to the destruction of things used by the servant.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adv.a1398