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单词 burning
释义

burningn.

/ˈbəːnɪŋ/
Forms: see burn v.1
Etymology: < burn v.1+ -ing suffix1.
The action of burn v.1 in its various senses.
I. Connected with the intransitive senses of the verb.
1.
a. The condition of being on fire; the action of sending up flames; hence concrete flame. Cf. 5b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > [noun]
bruneOE
brandOE
burninga1300
ustion1567
exustion1583
combustiona1600
combusture1609
inustion?1630
ustulation1658
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > [noun] > flame or blaze
leye971
blazeOE
lowec1175
flamec1384
fire-flamea1450
burning1695
a1300 Cursor Mundi 2875 Þe fire it haldes þar stedfast, thoru brennyng of þe brinstane.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 358 Brennyng of laumpis.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Liiv Flamynge in fyre, as though al the kechyne had ben in brennyng.
1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. ii. 44 Tut man one fire burnes out anothers burning . View more context for this quotation
1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur iii. 87 The troubled Whirlpool belches Burnings out.
1805 W. Wordsworth Waggoner i. 169 A burning of portentous red.
b. figurative. The intensity of passion; the state of being inflamed with grief, rage, desire, etc. Also in compounds: see heart-burning n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > [noun]
heatc825
earnestOE
fervour1340
ardourc1386
fever heata1398
burning1398
lowea1425
fervencec1430
ferventnessc1430
flame1548
ardency1549
fervency1554
fire1579
calenture1596
inflammation1600
warmth1600
brimstonea1616
incandescence1656
fervidness1692
candency1723
glow1748
white heat1814
hwyl1899
the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > [noun] > a burning feeling of passion
heatc825
leye971
flamea1340
fire1340
swelmea1400
wildfirea1400
burning1822
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) ii. vii. 33 Seraphin passyth other angels in brennynge of loue.
a1400 Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 22 All þat kyndills þi lykynge in brynnynge of charite.
1633 P. Fletcher Poeticall Misc. 80 in Purple Island All his verses turning Onely fann'd his poore hearts burning.
1643 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce 10 That burnining [sic] mention'd by St. Paul, whereof marriage ought to be the remedy.
1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel I. i. 5 While these heart-burnings were at their highest.
2. Heat, glowing warmth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [noun]
heatc825
hotOE
hotnessOE
burninga1522
calidity1528
calor1599
chaud1659
caloric1794
a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xiii. Prol. 23 The recent dew begynnys doun to scaill, To meyss the byrnyng quhar the son had schyne.
1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Bij She with her teares Doth quench the maiden burning of his cheekes. View more context for this quotation
3. Phosphorescence of the sea; = briming n. Cf. also briny adj.2
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > light emitted under particular conditions > [noun] > phosphorescence > of the sea
burning1667
briming1836
noctilucence1893
1667 H. Stubbe in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 497 As to the Burning of the Sea, I could never observe so great a Light, as to perceive Fishes in the Sea.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. The burning of sea water..its yielding a brisk light.
†4. Heat attendant upon disease or a serpent's bite; the disease itself; esp. erysipelas or St. Anthony's fire, and venereal disease. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > inflammation > [noun]
heatc1000
fireOE
burning1382
phlegmona1398
disdainc1400
angerc1440
scaldingc1450
brounes1528
inflaming1530
combustion?1541
inflammation1541
incension1598
fieriness1600
angriness1612
exustion1657
phlogosis1666
phlegmasia1706
scald1882
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > venereal disease > [noun]
bone acheOE
burning1382
crinkums1618
bone ague1659
crankum1661
venereal1843
jack1899
Jack-in-the-box1899
V.D.1920
a certain disease1927
social disease1978
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > eruptive diseases > [noun] > erysipelas
wildfirec1000
St. Francis' fireOE
burning1382
erysipelas1398
holy fire1398
rose1599
fieriness of the face1600
fiery1600
Anthony's fire1609
sacred fire1693
sideration1828
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Lev. xiii. 28 And therfor it shal be clensid, for a fel wounde of brennyng it is.
c1390 MS. quoted in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 30 845 A Receipt for Brenning of the Pyntyl, yat men clepe ye Apegalle.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. ix. 1126 Þat manere of serpent ophites haþ as many manere of brennynges and grieuynge as he haþ spekkes and coloures.
c1430 MS. quoted in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 30 842 That no Stew-holder keep noo Woman wythin his Hous that hath any Sycknesse of Brenning.
1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. xvv The .19. Capytle doth shewe of burnyuge of an horlotte.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Burning or ytche in the skynne, vredo.
a1571 J. Jewel On Thess. (1583) ii. 346 Ech Saint was assigned..to his sundry charge..Antonie, for the burning.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Burning,..an infectious Disease, got in the Stews.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Burning is more particularly used for..erysipelas.
1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Burning, an old English name for Gonorrhœa.
II. Connected with the transitive senses of the verb.
5.
a. The action of consuming or injuring by fire.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > [noun] > exposure to injurious heat or fire
burninga1325
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3654 Brenninge he [Moses] calde ðat stede.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 138 At the brennynge [v.r. berneynge] Of the bodies.
1594 W. West Symbolæogr.: 2nd Pt. ii. §201 Burning of a barne adioyning to a dwelling house by night.
1649 Articles of Peace with Irish Rebels 20 The other [Act] prohibiting the burning of oates in the straw.
1865 Reader 25 Feb. 221/2 Whether Omar really ordered the burning of the Alexandrian library or not.
b. concrete. A conflagration, a fire.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > destructive
fireeOE
wildfirea1122
burningc1425
embrasement1483
combustion1611
scathefire1632
conflagration1656
empyrosisa1676
firestorm1836
c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. ix. 509 Of þat brynnyn Schyre Willame Ðe Besat bare þan girt defame.
1543–4 Act 35 Hen. VIII xii The same Scottes..make..spoyles burnynges, murders..and depopulations in this his realme.
1611 Bible (King James) Amos iv. 11 And yee were as a firebrand pluckt out of the burning . View more context for this quotation
1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 792 There were cruel Plunderings and Burnings committed in that Province.
1758 S. Hayward Seventeen Serm. xvi. 485 Sentenced to everlasting burnings.
6. The infliction of capital punishment by burning.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > [noun] > burning
burningc1375
fire1718
c1375 J. Wyclif Antecrist 119 Martyres han suffrid many dyvers kyndis of peynes as..drenchyng, brennyng & many oþer.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin i. 21 He hadde delyuered his moder fro brennynge be gode reson.
a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCvv All maner of outward paynes, as burnynge, drownynge, or suche other.
1812 L. Hunt in Examiner 28 Dec. 819/2 The burnings of Queen Mary might have been excused because there was a burning under Edward the Sixth.
†7. A sore caused by fire or heat; a burn. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > burn or scald
scaldinga1398
fire burning?a1425
combustion?1541
burning1542
ambustion1590
burn1594
scald1601
ustion1607
scorch1611
powder burn1864
flash burn1946
1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII viii. §1 Scaldinges, burninges, sore mouthes..& such other like diseases.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xv. 105 A cataplasme made of the yolke and white of an egge..applied vnto burnings, doth quench..them.
8. The treatment of any substance with fire for a specific purpose.
a. = burnbeating n. at burn-beat v. Derivatives.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > reclamation > [noun] > clearing land > burning off refuse
burrow1602
denshiring1607
burning1669
burn-baking1769
burn1792
burning off1800
burnbeating1808
stifle-burning1844
burn-off1861
bush burn1861
bush-burning1898
slash-burning1919
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ v. §1. 62 This Art of Burning of Land..is not applicable or necessary to all sorts of Land.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Burning of Land, call'd also vulgarly Denshiring, quasi Devonshiring, or Denbyshiring, as being most used there.
1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. viii. 299 The improvement of sterile lands by burning was known to the Romans.
1842 E. J. Lance Cottage Farmer 7.
b. The preparation of lime, bricks, pottery, etc. by the use of fire; also the burning on or fixing of colours by the application of fire. Also, the quantity of bricks burnt at one operation.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > [noun] > processing > types of heating process
burning1559
firework1560
roast1582
coction1684
kelp-burning1845
hot drawing1897
process heating1926
the world > matter > colour > colouring > dyeing > [noun] > processes or techniques > process of making fast
fixation1652
burning on1784
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > brick and tile making > [noun] > quantity burnt at one time
burning1901
1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 214 Men thinke them to be..les smelling of any fyrines and brenning.
1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 57 The burning of lime in China..being as followeth.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 145 Tiles of my own making, and burning.
1784 J. Wedgwood in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 74 366 The burning-on of enamel colours upon earthen ware.
1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 113 Burning, see Calcining.
1901 Pall Mall Gaz. 9 Dec. 8/2 No two burnings (a burning is a kiln full of bricks) have exactly the same shade of colour.
c. Surgery. Cautery.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > cauterizing > [noun]
searing1395
actual cauterya1400
adustion?a1425
brandingc1440
cauterification?1541
cauterizing?1541
cautery1575
cauterization1579
cautering1580
ustion1588
burninga1610
cauterism1640
inustion1684
moxibustion1833
a1610 J. Healey tr. Epictetus Manuall (1636) 163 To live, of itselfe, is neither good nor evill, no more then cutting or burning.
a1677 I. Barrow Wks. (1683) II. 59 To endure cuttings and burnings ut valeas ferrum patieris, & ignes.
d. See burn v.1 13c.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > welding
shutting1490
welding1603
welling1660
burning1688
shutting up1852
shutting together1883
shooting1892
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. vii. §144 Yet there is another way of joining the two edges together in one, and yet not sodder them, but melt the edges by running hot Lead along it; which is termed the Burning of a joint.
e. burning off n. Australian and New Zealand. See burn v.1 13f.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > reclamation > [noun] > clearing land > burning off refuse
burrow1602
denshiring1607
burning1669
burn-baking1769
burn1792
burning off1800
burnbeating1808
stifle-burning1844
burn-off1861
bush burn1861
bush-burning1898
slash-burning1919
1800 P. G. King in Hist. Rec. New S. Wales (1896) IV. 188 For falling, burning off, and breaking up an acre of ground.
1844 C. Chapman Let. 30 Nov. in A. Drummond Married & Gone to N.Z. (1960) iv. 69 Xmas is the time for burning off.
1860 in A. F. Ridgway Voices from Auckland 73 The burning off should be driven as late in the season as it is safe to do so.
1891 R. Wallace Rural Econ. Austral. & N.Z. xv. 232 Falling [of the bush] is done in winter, and burning off in the middle or end of summer, when everything is withered and the weather dry.
1949 D. Walker We went to Austral. 201 This was the hot season and all ‘burning off’ strictly forbidden.
†9.
a. Lighting up; illumination. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > illumination > [noun]
lightingOE
clearingc1380
beshining1398
burning1466
lumerc1468
tinding1497
illumination1563
illustrationa1631
luminary1645
illuminary1692
lighting up1787
illume1838
1466 in Past. Lett. 549 II. 267 For brinnyng of the Abbes [? Abbey] with the torches xxd.
b. The illumination of a river by torches for the gaffing of salmon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing for type of fish > [noun] > for salmon > manner of
wastering1580
black-fishing1794
sunning1843
burning1844
sun-leister1847
1844 W. H. Maxwell Wanderings in Highlands & Islands II. xii. 160 I look upon sunning and burning as the acts of privileged poachers.

Compounds

C1. General attributive. (In sense 5.)
burning-lens n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] > burning glass
burning-glass1570
sunglass1591
sunglass1801
burning-lens1831
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > material for igniting > [noun] > other means of ignition
burning-glass1570
sunglass1591
salamander1698
fire bottle1708
fireworks1743
sunglass1801
eupyrion1827
burning-lens1831
1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics xxxviii. §164 By means of this powerful burning lens platina..quartz, garnet..were melted in a few seconds.
burning-mirror n.
burning-speculum n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > mirror > [noun] > burning mirror
alchemusie1585
burning-glass1675
burning mirror1728
burning-speculum1857
1857 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. (ed. 3) I. 367 Remarkable inventions..as..burning specula.
C2. Also burning-glass n.
burning-fluid n.
burning-ghat n. see ghat n. 4.
burning-house n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > furnaces for melting or refining metals > for roasting or calcining ores > for tin ore
Jews' houses1814
burning-house1849
1849 J. Weale Rudim. Dict. Terms Archit. i. 68/2 Burning-house, the furnace in which tin ores are calcined.
1865 Morning Star 3 May There was a large burning-house, that evolved arsenical vapour.
burning-iron n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > marking tools > [noun] > branding-iron
marking instrumenta1398
marking irona1400
iron?c1425
branding-ironc1440
burning-iron1483
burn-ironc1485
searing-iron1541
brand1860
the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > other surgical equipment > [noun] > cautery
cultellary?a1425
olivary?a1425
cultelere?c1425
branding-ironc1440
burning-iron1483
cautera1533
actual?1541
cautelayre?1541
searing-iron1541
cautery1543
actual cautery1575
cauterizing iron1575
olive cautery1598
back-cauter1611
cauting-iron1688
brand1692
gamma1809
thermo-cautery1879
1483 Cath. Angl. 32 A Birnynge yrne..cauterium.
1503 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 167 De proficuo ferri Sancti Wilfridi vocati Seintwilfride burningeyron.
1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xv. f. 28v Euery townshyppe..ought to haue a dyuers brennynge yron.
1651 C. Cartwright Certamen Religiosum i. 96 For which last he was..branded on the shoulder with a hot borning iron.
burning mirror n. a concave mirror used to set fire to an object by concentrating the reflected rays of the sun on to it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > mirror > [noun] > burning mirror
alchemusie1585
burning-glass1675
burning mirror1728
burning-speculum1857
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Burning Every Concave Mirror..is..a burning Mirror.
burning-oil n.
† burning-point n. the focus of a lens (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] > focal length or point
focus1664
focus1666
focal distance1684
focal point1692
burning-point1698
short focusa1830
visual focus1837
1698 A. van Leeuwenhoek in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 171 The burning Point of the Magnifying Glass.
1807 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) II. 120 All rays parallel to the axis, are reflected to the focus, or burning point.
burning-wood n. (sense 8).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > wood as fuel > [noun]
woodc888
trouse978
stickc1175
spray1297
spraya1300
firewood1377
lopc1420
billet1465
buchette1507
bag-wood1525
bavin1573
brushment1591
brushwood1616
burning-wood1642
firebote1661
chump1680
lop-wood1693
brush1699
burn-wood1701
lightwood1705
shravel1732
billet-wood1759
hedge-wood1785
pine knot1791
1642 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/5) For fellinge..ashes and other burning wood vjs.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

burningadj.

/ˈbəːnɪŋ/
Forms: For forms see burn v.1
Etymology: < burn v.1 + -ing suffix2.
That burns (in the various senses of the verb).
I. Connected with the intransitive senses of the verb.
1.
a. In a state of active heat, glowing, flaming.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > [adjective] > of the nature of or resembling flame > flaming or blazing
lighteOE
burningc1000
blazingc1400
flamingc1400
flagranta1513
flammigerous1592
bright-burning1594
flameful1605
flamant1607
aflame1698
lowing1720
lunting1786
blazy1838
c1000 Ælfric on O.T. in Sweet Ags. Reader (1879) 68 Ðas þri cnihtas het se cyning awurpan into byrnendum ofne.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 41 On berninde fure.
c1270 Saints' Lives (Laud 1887) 234 For in þe brennynde hulle..Mi riȝte is to brennen Inne.
c1430 Life St. Katharine (1884) 41 Among þe flaumes of þat brennyng fyre.
1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 37 In the likenesse of brennyng tongis.
1713 E. Young Poem on Last Day iii. 66 Bound to the Bottom of the burning Pool.
b. transferred. Of fever, thirst, etc.: Characterized by great heat, raging, violent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adjective] > violent or severe
grimc900
strongeOE
grievousc1290
burning1393
acutea1398
maliciousa1398
peracutea1398
sorea1400
wicked14..
malign?a1425
vehement?a1425
malignousc1475
angrya1500
cacoethe?1541
eager?1543
virulent1563
malignant1568
raging1590
roaring1590
furious1597
grassant1601
hearty1601
sharp1607
main1627
generous1632
perperacute1647
serious1655
ferine1666
bad1705
severe1725
unfavourable1782
grave1888
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adjective] > associated with or characterized by heat > with or by great heat
burning1393
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xx. 83 Byles and bocches and brennyng agues.
1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 518 A feaver, burning, tertian, and exquisite, requireth a liquid consistence.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) On account of a sensation of heat..we say a burning fever.
1857 D. Livingstone Missionary Trav. S. Afr. ii. 52 In a state of burning thirst.
c. figurative. Of the passions: Ardent, glowing; vehement, excited.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > [adjective] > burning or inflamed (of passions)
chafedc1330
burninga1400
ferventa1400
scaldingc1400
flagrant?1521
frying1587
incensed1612
warmed1700
white-hot1833
afire1846
akindle1869
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > infamy or notoriety > [adjective] > bringing infamy
stigmatic1607
stigmatical1609
stigmatizing1647
burning1709
branding1853
infamatory1880
a1400 Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 988/264* With brennand luf scho dwelled.
a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 164 So brenninge plesaunce that they wol neuer eschew thaire synne.
1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour l. 2570 in Wks. (1931) I Thare byrnand yre.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 81. ⁋3 A burning Desire to join that glorious Company.
1814 R. Southey Roderick xxiv With copious tears Of burning anger.
1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. xiii. 305 A burning enthusiasm.
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiv. 226 This burning sorrow within me.
d. figurative. In burning shame, burning disgrace, etc., the prevailing idea is now perhaps ‘flagrant, flaming, conspicuous’; but there is often a mixture of notions derived from other senses, such as those of branding, stigmatizing; torturing as an inward fire; causing the cheeks to glow, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > [adjective] > burning (of shame)
burning shame1608
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xvii. 47 Burning shame detaines him from Cordelia. View more context for this quotation
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 44. ⁋5 It is really a burning shame this Man should be tolerated.
1817 T. Chalmers Series Disc. Christian Revelation vi. 202 [To] sit down in patient endurance under the burning disgrace of such a violation.
2.
a. On fire, as a combustible; in process of being destroyed by fire; enveloped in flames. spec. burning mountain (now archaic), a volcano.
ΚΠ
c1000 Ælfric Deut. ix. 15 Þa ic nyþereode of þam byrnendan munte.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 27 He mahte iseon ane berninde glede.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2236 Lucafer þanne tok op an-haste þe brennyngest bronde a couþe.
c1503 R. Arnold Chron. sig. Ai Bering burning coles.
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iv. 107 The Sentinell..ought to cock his burning match.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 69 A fiery Deluge, fed With ever-burning Sulphur unconsum'd. View more context for this quotation
1690 T. Burnet Theory of Earth iii. 55 The burning mountains or volcano's of the earth.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 281. ¶13 A Pan of burning Coals.
1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 686/1 Thus..the foundation of the burning mountain would be laid in the bottom of the sea.
1805 M. Lewis 16 Nov. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) III. 478 Specimen of the pummice Stone found amongst the piles of drift wood on the Missouri... I can hear of no burning mountain in the neighbourhood.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. v. 352 They were hardly clear of the burning town.
1937 ‘C. S. Forester’ Happy Return i. 22 He heard young Clay bellowing from the masthead, where presumably Gerard had sent him with a glass. ‘Looks like a burning mountain, sir. Two burning mountains. Volcanoes, sir’.
1944 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. xx. 444 These ‘fiery’ and ‘smoky’ appearances, together with the glare reflected from the glowing lavas beneath, were responsible for the formerly popular idea that volcanoes are ‘burning mountains’.
b. figurative. burning matter, burning question (cf. French question brûlante, German brennende Frage): one that is under hot discussion, or about which the public are excited.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > materials of topic > [noun] > of debate or discussion > of great interest
burning question1865
1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. i. 37 Where these burning matters [politics and religion] are in question, it [criticism] is most likely to go astray.
1873 Disraeli in St. James's Gaz. (1882) Feb. Those institutions..in due time will become great and burning questions.
a1883 F. M. Müller India (1883) i. 32 Take any of the burning questions of the day.
c. figurative. That is on fire with feeling and passion, or that glows with vehemence; ardent, fiery.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > [adjective]
hotOE
anguishous?c1225
fire-burningc1275
burninga1340
ardentc1374
warm1390
fervent14..
fieryc1430
fired1561
feverous1576
glowinga1577
fervorous1602
ferventeda1627
tropica1631
torrid1646
fervid1656
candenta1687
ardurousa1770
tropical1795
aestuous1844
thermal1866
thermonous1888
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxiii. 6 Þa ere þai þat ere brennandere in luf.
1508 Bp. J. Fisher Wks. i. (E.E.T.) 182 Shynynge in fayth..brennynge in charyte.
1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus Prol. sig. Aiij Bauld and birnand in rancour and malice.
1821 Ld. Byron Isles of Greece in Don Juan: Canto III 46 The isles of Greece! Where burning Sappho loved and sung.
1873 G. C. Davies Mountain, Meadow & Mere xiv. 117 I had prepared a most burning and eloquent address.
3.
a. In a highly heated state; exceedingly hot. †burning line: the equator (obsolete). burning zone: the torrid zone (poetic).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > latitude > equator
burning line1484
burnt line1555
equinox1579
equinoctial1584
line1588
equatora1613
the girdle of the world1626
palaeoequator1960
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adjective] > having or communicating much heat > very
wall-hotc1000
walm-hotOE
hot as hellOE
welling?a1200
welling hota1400
aestuant?1440
burning1484
scalding?a1513
broiling1555
roasting1567
walming hot1601
boiling hot1607
baking1656
stewing-hot1711
piping1823
grilling1839
seething1848
white-hot1855
stewing1856
incandescent1859
swithering1895
boiling1930
1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) liii. 76 One deuylle..dyde put brennyng nedels thorugh her browes.
1553 R. Eden in tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India Pref. sig. Aiijv Vnder the Equinoctial or burninge lyne.
1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. C4 Engendring cholerick humours, and burning bloud.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 108 In the desart Land Of Lybia travels, o're the burning Sand. View more context for this quotation
1713 J. Addison Cato i. iii. 31 Lord of half the burning Zone.
1807 G. Crabbe Library (rev. ed.) in Poems 149 We trace, In Dens and burning Plains, her savage Race.
b. burning scent: strong, very ‘warm’ scent; burning chase: hot, uninterrupted, pursued without a check.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > [noun]
smacka1000
breathOE
smella1175
irea1300
weffea1300
thefa1325
relesec1330
odour?c1335
incensea1340
flair1340
savoura1350
smellingc1386
flavourc1400
fumec1400
reflairc1400
air?a1439
scent?1473
taste?c1475
verdure1520
senteur1601
waft1611
effluvium1656
fluor1671
burning scent1681
aura1732
fumet1735
snuff1763
olfacient1822
odouret1825
waff1827
gush1841
sniff1844
tang1858
nose1894
the world > food and drink > hunting > [noun] > a hunt or expedition
huntinga950
hunting-matcha1637
maroon1779
drive1795
chevy1837
splitter1843
burning chase1854
1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar ii. 15 He shot by me Like a young Hound upon a burning scent.
1755 E. Young Centaur iii. 164 Ye staunch pursuers of Pleasure opening full cry on its burning scent.
1854 R. Massie in Bk. Praise iv. No. 358 (1862) 384 The hart..Heated in the burning chace.
1859 J. S. Rarey Art of taming Horses (new ed.) xii. 200 Burning scent, when hounds go so fast, from the goodness of the scent, they have no breath to spare, and run almost mute.
4. That burns luminously; giving light, shining; transferred glowing as if incandescent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > light emitted in particular manner > [adjective] > glowing
burningc1000
glowingc1000
flaming?a1400
rutilanta1460
glenta1529
steaminga1542
ardent1603
flaring1633
glowy1670
aflame1680
coalish1686
flushing1728
incandescent1867
smouldering1898
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > [adjective]
quickeOE
burningc1000
swealinga1023
tinded1297
alightc1400
flamed1413
alive1571
comburent1599
combustious1622
combustible1632
conflagrant1656
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) v. 35 He wæs byrnende leoht-fæt and lyhtende.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 534 The bissops amansede alle..Mid berninde taperes.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. ix. 1126 Þat manere of serpent ophites..is ypeynted wiþ brennynge spekkes.
c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) vi. i. 143 Brenning eyen sparkling of their light.
1564 T. Becon Workes Pref. sig. Bvi They are..like vnto a brenning candle.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. v. sig. D8 Burning blades about their heades [they] doe blesse.
1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound ii. i. 63 The burning threads Of woven cloud unravel in pale air.
II. Connected with the transitive senses of the verb.
5.
a. Affecting with heat; scorching, withering.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > [adjective] > injuriously
burning1382
scathing1794
caustic1863
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xli. 23 Other seuen [eeris], thinne and smytun with a brennynge blaste.
a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 38 The burning ray, That from the sun comes.
1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. i. 90 Phoebus [shall] dart his burning Shafts no more.
1805 W. Wordsworth Waggoner i. 1 'Tis spent—this burning day of June!
b. Causing a sensation like that of contact with fire. †burning water = ardent spirit (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > [noun]
water of life?c1450
burning watera1475
watera1475
aqua vitae1542
spirit1559
strong water1615
hot waters1616
spirituous liquor1659
spirit1663
fire1707
tape1725
strunt1786
hard stuff1789
firewater1799
fool's water1815
fool water1837
spirituous liquor1842
timber-doodle1842
lightning1858
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [adjective] > burning
burninga1475
urent1656
scorching1768
a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 2 Oure qui[n]ta essencia..hath .iij. names..þat is to seie, brennynge watir, þe soule in þe spirit of wyn, & watir of lijf.
1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. F iv b Wyne citrine is not so burnynge as redde claret.
1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 8 Brenning water..doth..make hoat and dry mens bodies.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. lxxxvii. 129 The small burning Nettell.
1878 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names Burning Nettle, Urtica urens, L.
c. That resembles heat in its effects.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adjective] > resembling heat in its effects
burning1694
1694 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in Ann. Misc. 46 Burning Icicles are lodg'd within.
1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 21 The bright chains Eat with their burning cold into my bones.
6. quasi-adv., as in burning hot.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adverb] > very or intensely (hot)
burning hot1475
seething1489
moultering1606
flaming-hot1638
torridly1657
roastingly1830
broiling1840
bakingly1858
blisteringly1877
candescently1883
broilingly1885
1475 Bk. Noblesse (1860) 6 Now at erst the irnesse be brennyng hote in the fire.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 41 Ther tua symmyrs ar vondir birnand heyt.
1888 N.E.D. at Burning Mod. It was a burning hot day in July.
7. In parasynthetic combinations.
ΚΠ
1596 M. Drayton Mortimeriados sig. T 2 His Cradell Phalaris burning-bellyed Bull.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.a1300adj.c1000
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