upholdingn.

Etymology: up- prefix 3d.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: upˈholding.

†1. Sustenance; support in necessaries. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > provision of means of support or livelihood

substancec1384

maintenance1389

sustenance1389

sustentation1389

sustaining1395

findingc1400

uphold1439

retainment1449

exhibition?a1475

entertainment?c1475

upholdingc1480

entertaininga1492

sustenation1496

support1561

alimentation1590

alimony1622

enablement1626

subsisting1698

keep1801

life support1852

palimony1977

c1480 (a1400) St. Andrew 965 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 91 Þu sal hafe þi vphalding with honeste in al thinge In myn diocé.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Macc. iii. 10 Money layed vp for the vpholdinge of weddowes and fatherlesse children.

1663 ‘P. Stampoy’ Coll. Sc. Prov. 43 Pride and sweirnesse would have meikle upholding.

2. Maintenance in regular use or in proper condition.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation in being or maintenance > preserving in proper condition

keepingc1330

upholdinga1350

maintaininga1387

maintenance1389

reparation1389

uphold1471

maintain1483

repair1524

keep1763

upkeep1884

upkeeping1899

preventive maintenance1937

a1350 in Facsimiles National MSS Scotl. (1870) II. 14 Ad..sustentacionem [glossed vphalding] dicti molendini.

1453 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 20 For the vphaldyng and eikyng of Godis seruice to be done in the paroche kirk.

1486 in J. Stuart & G. Burnett Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1887) X. 100 For the uphalding and bering of the..chargis of the said office.

1521 Lincoln Wills (1914) 104 To the upholdyng of Notyngham briges.

1522 Lincoln Wills (1914) 106 To the upholdyng of the forsaid churche.

1543 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 47 I bewhethe other twenty shelyngs..for the upholdyng of one seirge of waxe yerly.

1612 in Essex Rev. XVII. 105 The upholdinge and perfectinge of the companies in good strength and number.

1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments To Rdr. 6 For the repairing and vpholding..of that..building.

1842 J. Aiton Clerical Econ. 112 It must have separate houses, which,..in upholding, must cost disproportionally dear.

1894 C. N. Robinson Brit. Fleet 62 No sacrifice can therefore be too great for the upholding of our fleet.

3. The action of sustaining or supporting by aid or influence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [noun] > supporting

bearinga1387

maintaininga1387

sustaining1395

supportinga1450

underpropping1586

backing1598

upholding1605

through-bearing1656

1605 E. Sandys Relation State of Relig. 8 The vpholding of their wordly power and glorie of their Order.

1607 S. Hieron Good Fight in Wks. (1620) I. 226 The inquirie..how we haue striuen and fought for the vpholding and maintenance of Gods truth.

1637 News-lett. C. Rossingham in S. Gardiner Documents Proc. against W. Prynne (1877) 95 This was my Lord of Lincolne's case in his upholding the creditt of Prydean.

1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. (at cited word) Maintenance, signifies the upholding or maintaining a Cause or Person.

1818 H. H. Milman Samor v. 209 If this life Be worthy thy upholding.

1863 J. Coldstream in Balfour Biog. (1865) v. 195 We sensibly felt the ‘upholding’ graciously vouchsafed.

1872 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David III. 10 He asked..for deliverance, and here he returns thanks for upholding.

4. The action of maintaining in argument.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > maintaining or upholding as true > [noun]

maintaininga1387

maintenancec1450

upholding1587

asserting1644

vindication1871

1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. ix. 144 What els then is his vpholding of the world to be eternal, than a turning of y^e whole world vpside downe?

5. The action of raising or holding up.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > [noun] > specifically of the hands

upholding1574

erection1584

1574 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun Misc. Maitland Club (1833) I. 111 He..forder obleist him with uphalding of his hand, that he suld be ane trew sugget.

1598 in J. Ronald Landmarks Old Stirling (1899) 338 They promised solemnlie be uphaulding of their hands.

1866 J. G. Murphy Crit. Comm. Exodus xvii. 12 Aaron and Hur joining in the upholding of Moses's hands.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

upholdingadj.

Etymology: up- prefix 3c(b).Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: upˈholding.

1. Supporting, sustaining.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [adjective]

sustaining?c1425

affirmative?1504

supportable1531

upholding1553

supportive1593

supportful1610

underpropping1614

subjunctive1656

buttressing1672

supportative1803

upholdatory1829

sustenant1874

hand-holding1920

1553 tr. Short Catech. f. xxxxiii [The] church, which Paul calleth the piller, and vpholding stay of truth.

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iii. xxi. f. 239 The vpholdyng stay of sounde affiance.

1674 R. Boyle Excellency Theol. i. i. 27 Though the soul of man, by the continuance of his ordinary and upholding concourse, may survive the body.

1724 E. Erskine Wks. (1791) 122/1 His quickening, strengthening, and upholding presence may be withdrawn.

1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 658 Flow'rs..expect th' upholding aid Of the smooth-shaven prop.

c1830 W. C. Bryant Forest Hymn 67 The indwelling Life,..the upholding Love, That are the soul of this wide universe.

1890 ‘L. Falconer’ Mademoiselle Ixe vi She..would have fallen, but for the timely aid of two upholding arms.

2. As predicate.

ΚΠ

1925 Brit. Weekly 13 Aug. 417/5 His fellowship and understanding were so manifest and upholding that [etc.].

Derivatives

upˈholdingly adv. (nonce poetic formation).

ΚΠ

1934 R. Kipling Non nobis Domine in Verse (1940) 512 O Power by whom we live—Creator, Judge and Friend, Upholdingly forgive.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

单词	upholding
释义	upholdingn. Etymology: up- prefix 3d.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: upˈholding. †1. Sustenance; support in necessaries. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > provision of means of support or livelihood substancec1384 maintenance1389 sustenance1389 sustentation1389 sustaining1395 findingc1400 uphold1439 retainment1449 exhibition?a1475 entertainment?c1475 upholdingc1480 entertaininga1492 sustenation1496 support1561 alimentation1590 alimony1622 enablement1626 subsisting1698 keep1801 life support1852 palimony1977 c1480 (a1400) St. Andrew 965 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 91 Þu sal hafe þi vphalding with honeste in al thinge In myn diocé. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Macc. iii. 10 Money layed vp for the vpholdinge of weddowes and fatherlesse children. 1663 ‘P. Stampoy’ Coll. Sc. Prov. 43 Pride and sweirnesse would have meikle upholding. 2. Maintenance in regular use or in proper condition. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation in being or maintenance > preserving in proper condition keepingc1330 upholdinga1350 maintaininga1387 maintenance1389 reparation1389 uphold1471 maintain1483 repair1524 keep1763 upkeep1884 upkeeping1899 preventive maintenance1937 a1350 in Facsimiles National MSS Scotl. (1870) II. 14 Ad..sustentacionem [glossed vphalding] dicti molendini. 1453 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 20 For the vphaldyng and eikyng of Godis seruice to be done in the paroche kirk. 1486 in J. Stuart & G. Burnett Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1887) X. 100 For the uphalding and bering of the..chargis of the said office. 1521 Lincoln Wills (1914) 104 To the upholdyng of Notyngham briges. 1522 Lincoln Wills (1914) 106 To the upholdyng of the forsaid churche. 1543 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 47 I bewhethe other twenty shelyngs..for the upholdyng of one seirge of waxe yerly. 1612 in Essex Rev. XVII. 105 The upholdinge and perfectinge of the companies in good strength and number. 1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments To Rdr. 6 For the repairing and vpholding..of that..building. 1842 J. Aiton Clerical Econ. 112 It must have separate houses, which,..in upholding, must cost disproportionally dear. 1894 C. N. Robinson Brit. Fleet 62 No sacrifice can therefore be too great for the upholding of our fleet. 3. The action of sustaining or supporting by aid or influence. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [noun] > supporting bearinga1387 maintaininga1387 sustaining1395 supportinga1450 underpropping1586 backing1598 upholding1605 through-bearing1656 1605 E. Sandys Relation State of Relig. 8 The vpholding of their wordly power and glorie of their Order. 1607 S. Hieron Good Fight in Wks. (1620) I. 226 The inquirie..how we haue striuen and fought for the vpholding and maintenance of Gods truth. 1637 News-lett. C. Rossingham in S. Gardiner Documents Proc. against W. Prynne (1877) 95 This was my Lord of Lincolne's case in his upholding the creditt of Prydean. 1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. (at cited word) Maintenance, signifies the upholding or maintaining a Cause or Person. 1818 H. H. Milman Samor v. 209 If this life Be worthy thy upholding. 1863 J. Coldstream in Balfour Biog. (1865) v. 195 We sensibly felt the ‘upholding’ graciously vouchsafed. 1872 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David III. 10 He asked..for deliverance, and here he returns thanks for upholding. 4. The action of maintaining in argument. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > maintaining or upholding as true > [noun] maintaininga1387 maintenancec1450 upholding1587 asserting1644 vindication1871 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. ix. 144 What els then is his vpholding of the world to be eternal, than a turning of y^e whole world vpside downe? 5. The action of raising or holding up. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > [noun] > specifically of the hands upholding1574 erection1584 1574 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun Misc. Maitland Club (1833) I. 111 He..forder obleist him with uphalding of his hand, that he suld be ane trew sugget. 1598 in J. Ronald Landmarks Old Stirling (1899) 338 They promised solemnlie be uphaulding of their hands. 1866 J. G. Murphy Crit. Comm. Exodus xvii. 12 Aaron and Hur joining in the upholding of Moses's hands. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2019). upholdingadj. Etymology: up- prefix 3c(b).Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: upˈholding. 1. Supporting, sustaining. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [adjective] sustaining?c1425 affirmative?1504 supportable1531 upholding1553 supportive1593 supportful1610 underpropping1614 subjunctive1656 buttressing1672 supportative1803 upholdatory1829 sustenant1874 hand-holding1920 1553 tr. Short Catech. f. xxxxiii [The] church, which Paul calleth the piller, and vpholding stay of truth. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iii. xxi. f. 239 The vpholdyng stay of sounde affiance. 1674 R. Boyle Excellency Theol. i. i. 27 Though the soul of man, by the continuance of his ordinary and upholding concourse, may survive the body. 1724 E. Erskine Wks. (1791) 122/1 His quickening, strengthening, and upholding presence may be withdrawn. 1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 658 Flow'rs..expect th' upholding aid Of the smooth-shaven prop. c1830 W. C. Bryant Forest Hymn 67 The indwelling Life,..the upholding Love, That are the soul of this wide universe. 1890 ‘L. Falconer’ Mademoiselle Ixe vi She..would have fallen, but for the timely aid of two upholding arms. 2. As predicate. ΚΠ 1925 Brit. Weekly 13 Aug. 417/5 His fellowship and understanding were so manifest and upholding that [etc.]. Derivatives upˈholdingly adv. (nonce poetic formation). ΚΠ 1934 R. Kipling Non nobis Domine in Verse (1940) 512 O Power by whom we live—Creator, Judge and Friend, Upholdingly forgive. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.a1350adj.1553
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