urgev.

Brit.

/əːdʒ/, U.S.

/ərdʒ/

Forms: Also 1500s urdge.

Etymology: < Latin urgēre to press, drive, compel, etc. (whence Italian urgere, Spanish urgir, Portuguese urgir).

I. To bring forward or advocate.

a. transitive. To bring forward, present, or press upon the attention (a fact, reason, argument, etc.) in an earnest or urgent manner; to plead with or by way of argument or excuse; to allege, affirm, or state, esp. in justification, extenuation, or defence.In frequent use from c1685.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > pressure or urgency > press or urge [verb (transitive)]

strain1380

pressa1382

art?1406

enforcec1449

to stand for ——1531

work1532

urge1560

force1580

instance1606

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccxv^v The Emperour..aunswered him plainly that he could not..praise the same decree, and still vrged his promesse and couenaunt.

1565 J. Calfhill Aunswere Treat. Crosse f. 155 Ye vrge a miracle, for euery..splinter of the Crosse, inasmuch as a Church..was preserued from burning by it.

1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. D2 A spatious field of reasons could I vrge.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. i. 8 This..were an argument (as K. Iames did once pleasantly urge it) to prove our Old stile before the New.

1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 799 The Apostle urges our having a compassionate High-Priest in Heaven to intercede for us.

1713 G. Berkeley Three Dialogues Hylas & Philonous ii. 91 I am at a Loss what more to urge.

1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 56 The few.., seeking grace t'improve the prize they hold, Would urge a wiser suit than asking more.

1798 S. Lee Young Lady's Tale in H. Lee Canterbury Tales II. 164 [He] urged his weak health, as rendering it necessary he should travel very leisurely.

1816 J. Scott Paris Revisited x. 321 Canova..appeared as a claimant in behalf of Rome, which had only her venerable name to urge.

1855 Poultry Chron. 3 242/2 The most fastidious can urge no objection.

1864 D. G. Mitchell Seven Stories 279 The Count urged the scandal which would grow out of such a measure.

b. Const. on, upon; to, etc.; also against.

ΚΠ

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. i. 301 Vrge doubts to them that feare.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. vii. 19 He knowes not What I can vrge against him.

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iii. 35 Yet three things are urged against it.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 622 The terms we sent were terms of weight,..and full of force urg'd home.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. vii. xv. 134 So far from being an Advocate for the present Prisoner, she urged his Guilt to his Officer.

1841 A. Combe Physiol. Digestion (ed. 3) 304 I shall..urge upon him the necessity of rendering our knowledge more complete.

1872 Ld. Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 83 Lancelot on him urged All the devisings of their chivalry.

c. With clause as object, either introduced by that or directly quoted.

ΚΠ

(a)

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxxvij The French men..especially vrged that the Scotes myght be comprised in the peace.

1596 M. Drayton Tragicall Legend Robert Duke of Normandy sig. C2 Further to vrge what she before had said.

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 2 Wee doe therein urge somewhat further, that [etc.].

1672 H. Stubbe Justif. War against Netherlands 24 The Queen urged, that..she was to be Arbitress.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. iv. v. 217 It was urged..that the servants..ought not to be deprived of such precious advantages.

1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay ix. 149 I urged that the disappearance of the..money..would tell against him.

(b)1689 M. Prior Epist. to F. Shephard 78 So Atoms dancing round the Center, They urge, made all Things at a Venture.1741 J. Ozell tr. P. de B. de Brantôme Spanish Rhodomontades 67 M. de Lansac urged, It was absolutely necessary.a1792 J. Reynolds Journey Flanders & Holland in Wks. (1797) II. 124 There is lightness, airiness, and facility in Rubens, his advocates will urge.1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby vi. 46 ‘Father,’ urged the maiden [to the monk],..‘our daily alms have been distributed.’1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. i. 7 ‘Don't break out, Lammle,’ urged Fledgeby, in a submissive tone.1884 tr. H. Lotze Logic 424 We are left after all, it will be urged,..walled in within the all-embracing delusions of those ideas.

a. To advocate or advise earnestly (some course of action, etc.); to press with importunity, claim or demand pressingly.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > advise [verb (transitive)] > advocate (a course of action, etc.)

redeOE

enhort1382

counsel1393

admonishc1405

sustain?c1450

exhortc1500

persuadea1513

urge1596

advise1597

unwarn1612

paraenesize1716

recommend1734

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > urge (a thing) persuasively > urge (a thing) earnestly

monishc1384

exhortc1500

urge1596

1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) ix. xlvi. 219 Then proudly pricke the mounted Sers, the Harrolds..vrging fees to gentellize their name.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iv. ii. 312 I should not vrge thy duty past thy might.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. ii. 205 Why vrgest thou so oft yong Arthurs death?

1661 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. I. 5 The Lord Chancellour..is to urge of them the oath of supremacie.

1682 J. Dryden Medall 12 What vengeance will they urge, Whose Ordures neither Plague nor Fire can purge.

1805 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 14 206 I thought it my duty to urge the operation.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality iv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 75 He hath ever urged peace with the malignants.

1831 G. P. R. James Philip Augustus II. v. 133 The many, which were all eager to urge a course that..he would have been the first to follow, but [etc.].

b. With impersonal subject.

ΚΠ

1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iii. sig. E Embassadour, what news hath vrg'd this sodain entrance?

1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iv. sig. K4 I see your lookes vrge instance of these wordes.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xxii. 58 The enemies in vew, draw vp your powers..your hast is now vrg'd on you.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 250 For solitude somtimes is best societie, And short retirement urges sweet returne.

1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch IV. viii. Finale 358 A past error may urge a grand retrieval.

II. To entreat or incite strongly, and related uses.

a. To entreat or plead with (a person) pertinaciously; to importune, press, or ply with arguments or strong persuasion; to prompt, solicit, or request earnestly. Also, with impersonal subject: To incite or impel strongly.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > urge or importune

depressc1400

nurnc1400

pressc1440

labourc1450

instancea1513

instanta1513

importune1530

to lie at, upon1535

apply1559

urge1568

importunate1574

ply1581

to put on ——?a1600

flagitate1623

besiege1712

earwig1804

bone1856

tout1920

S.O.S.a1936

opportune1941

1568 Bible (Bishops') Luke xi. 53 The lawyers and the pharisees began to vrge hym vehemently, and to prouoke hym to speake many thynges.

1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. E2, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) To vrge me as you doo, may but breede that which to neither of vs may returne pleasing.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 476 I see a yeelding in the lookes of France;..vrge them while their soules Are capeable of this ambition.

1640 W. Habington Queene of Arragon ii. 366 I urg'd Them with the memory of their former deedes.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 588 Hunger and thirst at once,..quick'nd at the scent Of that alluring fruit, urg'd me so keene.

1692 tr. C. de Saint-Évremond Misc. Ess. 24 Urged with an apprehension of their ruine, [they] abandoned themselves to the Conduct of Xantippus.

1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. x. 135 Strong Necessity our Toils demands,..and urges all our Hands.

1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. xv. 307 Do not urge her, Madam... It is not fair to urge her in this manner.

1847 A. Helps Friends in Council I. i. v. 83 Men..cannot be moved in masses as of old. At one time chivalry urged all men—then the Church.

1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches (1873) I. 183 The barbarian..moves when he is urged by appetite.

b. Const. to with infinitive; also with adverbs (as on, onward) and prepositions.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate

stirc897

putOE

sputc1175

prokec1225

prickc1230

commovec1374

baitc1378

stingc1386

movea1398

eager?a1400

pokec1400

provokea1425

tollc1440

cheera1450

irritec1450

encourage1483

incite1483

harden1487

attice1490

pricklea1522

to set on1523

incense1531

irritate1531

animate1532

tickle1532

stomach1541

instigate1542

concitea1555

upsteer1558

urge1565

instimulate1570

whip1573

goad1579

raise1581

to set upa1586

to call ona1592

incitate1597

indarec1599

alarm1602

exstimulate1603

to put on1604

feeze1610

impulse1611

fomentate1613

emovec1614

animalize1617

stimulate1619

spura1644

trinkle1685

cite1718

to put up1812

prod1832

to jack up1914

goose1934

(a)

1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Insto Vrge me not, or presse me not to iudge.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iv. ii. 158 Vrge the King To do me this last right.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1677 A spirit of phrenzie..Who..urg'd them on with mad desire To call in hast for thir destroyer.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison II. xxiii. 167 Should she engage without waiting for his consent; as she was urged to do, by Letters.

1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf xix, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. I. 360 His patriotism urged him to serve his country abroad.

1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn I. xxix. 273 Seneca..urged the Emperor to summon him into his presence.

(b)1600 A. Munday et al. First Pt. True Hist. Sir I. Old-castle sig. G2 Pardon my Lord, my conscience vrg'd me to it.1776 T. Paine Common Sense i. 3 Hunger in the mean time would urge him from his work.1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. v. 904 Venus..and the Archer..have urged, themselves, to this The frantic Mars.1832 E. Bulwer-Lytton Eugene Aram I. i. v. 81 They urge us onward, yet present no limit to our progress.1846 A. Marsh Father Darcy II. iv. 98 He was not urging others to a course in which he never intended to venture himself.1871 Leisure Hour 480/1 Two guineas paid to..his clerk, to urge him on with the works.

†c. To charge strongly with something. Also with that and clause. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > firmly, strongly

urge1599

thunder1677

1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 54 Speakinge to his wyfe, he urgethe her that she cannott denye yt.

1628 W. Mure tr. R. Boyd Spirituall Hymne 144 Thou of our innocence the ground, for vs, with guilt was vrgde.

1689 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 310 Speed's daughter told the bishop of it and the bishop urg'd him with it.

1703 N. Rowe Fair Penitent v. i Thou com'st to urge me with the wrongs I ha' done thee.

a. To serve or act as a constraining influence on (something); to bear pressingly on; to spur, actuate, or constrain.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > urge, press, or impel

pullc1300

firk1340

enforce138.

pressa1393

thrust14..

impel1490

urge1576

to put (a person) to it1581

importune1598

to lay weight upon1600

riot1777

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)]

needeOE

straita1340

pressa1393

afforcea1400

stressa1400

coactc1400

coarctc1400

strainc1400

compulse?a1475

cohert1475

oppress1523

compel1526

forcec1540

to tie to the stake1544

urge1576

adact1615

duressa1626

coerce1659

railroad1889

to twist the tail1895

steamroll1900

steamroller1912

shanghai1919

bulldozer1945

shotguna1961

1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 62 More I may say to you, then any mans mynde is urged to accomplishe.

1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iii. sig. E4^v A guiltie conscience vrged with the thought, Of former euils, easily cannot erre.

1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iv. sig. L But loue of him..Did vrge her resolution to be such.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 620 Yee have extreamely urged the patience of the Lord.

1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. ii. 35 I..will pay fitting respect to your age, if you do not urge my patience with mockery.

1843 J. M. Neale Hymns for Sick 23 Give me when those last trials urge Thy Very Flesh and Blood.

1878 in G. P. Lathrop Masque of Poets 42 I was wrong to urge your will And wrong to mar your life.

†b. To treat (a mineral, etc.) with great heat.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > other (coal-)mining procedures

underbeit1670

buck1683

bank1705

bunding1747

urge1758

slappet1811

tamp1819

jowl1825

stack1832

sprag1841

hurry1847

bottom1851

salt1852

pipe1861

mill1868

tram1883

stope1886

sump1910

crow-pick1920

stockpile1921

spec1981

1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer Elements Theory & Pract. Chym. I. 69 If the calx of Tin be urged by a strong fire.

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) To urge an ore with intense heat.

III. To press forward with energy, to provoke to action or anger, and related uses

5. To hasten or press forward (a proceeding, enterprise, etc.); to prosecute with effort, energy, or vigour; to push forward.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > carry on vigorously [verb (transitive)]

driveOE

to drive through1523

push1561

urge1565

to fall aboard1642

whack1719

beef1860

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > exhort

movea1382

enhort1382

exhortc1475

cohort1481

adhorta1500

urge1565

engage1647

1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Insto Instabit huic loco,..He shall vrge this, or be earnest in this.

1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Hiv [Whoredom] bringeth death before nature vrge it,..or age require it.

1598 R. Hakluyt tr. S. Munster in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 145 Swandepolcus..affirming that himselfe neuer prospered so long as he vrged warre against them.

1667 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities (ed. 2) 430 This Substance..will..(if the Distillation have been urg'd far enough) [be] brittle.

1684 Earl of Roscommon Ess. Translated Verse 15 Urge your success, deserve a lasting Name.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 335 The Crew of Mnestheus, with elated Minds, Urge their Success.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 420 While Turnus urges thus his Enterprise.

1713 J. Addison Cato iii. v Why wilt thou urge the fate Of wretched men?

1781 W. Cowper Table Talk 214 The peasants urge their harvest.

1789 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. II 79 When..wither'd Famine urged the work of death.

1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. viii. 295 Henry obstinately urged his fate, and compelled the count..to take the saddle.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xii. 213 The bills which the Commons were urging forward.

1885 Daily Tel. 11 Sept. (Encycl. Dict.) Urging the carnage, and eyeing with pleasure all the horrors of war.

in extended use.1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art ii. 110 Every kind deed..in relieving distress..would..open and urge, in a thousand unforeseen directions, the sluices of commerce and the springs of industry.

a. To press forcibly in some direction; to force or impel forward or onward; to drive. Also with prepositions or adverbs, as against, away, down, through.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > impel or drive animates

sendc950

driveOE

chacche138.

chasec1400

teisec1400

to take up1542

gar1587

urge1594

herd1883

shoo1903

1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia v. 188 Now we of our side vrge them to retreate, And nowe before them we retyre as fast.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 87 The first walke is set with pipes of Lead and Brasse, through which the water is vrged.

1693 T. Creech tr. Juvenal Satires xiii. viii. 93 Rivers chang'd to Blood Roul wond'rous Waves, or urge a Milky Flood.

1742 A. Pope New Dunciad 584 From Stage to Stage the licenc'd Earl may run,..The Senator at Cricket urge the Ball.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. v. 70 For Menelaus..the spear urged through his breast.

1814 Ld. Byron Corsair iii. xv. 85 The blue waves sport around the stern they urge.

1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. xvi. 395 The latter [sc. air] being urged away from the tube by a force proportionate [etc.].

1862 C. S. Calverley Verses & Transl. 16 Still I see you..Urge, towards the table's centre,..the squail.

in extended use.1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace ii. ii. 16 Heir urges heir, like Wave impelling Wave.1821 P. B. Shelley Adonais xxi. 14 As long as skies are blue..Evening must usher night, night urge the morrow.figurative.1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 77 The fates Decreed their early death and urged them on.

b. To cause to move, hasten, or gather speed; to accelerate the pace of; to speed up. Usually with adverbs (as forward, on) or prepositions.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > move at specific rate [verb (transitive)] > put on (speed) > accelerate

festinate1556

accelerate1570

quicken1605

swiften1638

urgea1721

press1742

smarten1825

speed1856

to hit up1893

a1721 M. Prior Journey to Copt-Hall 12 I mount, and..With unarm'd kick urge on my horse.

1760 F. Fawkes tr. Anacreon Odes in tr. Anacreon Wks. lix. 8 With tighten'd Rein, I'll urge thee round the dusty Plain.

1821 P. B. Shelley Epithalamion 20 Nay, return, Vesper! urge thy lazy car!

1846 A. Marsh Father Darcy II. xix. 317 Their wearied horses..gave evidence of the fierce desperation with which they had been urged forward.

1902 V. Jacob Sheep-stealers x Coachmen were urging their horses up to the door.

reflexive.1803 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. II. 160 [Birds] urge themselves forward by means of wings.

c. To press or pursue (one's flight, way, the chase); to hasten or accelerate (one's pace, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move or cause to move swiftly in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > direct (one's way or steps) with haste

runOE

strain1579

urge1697

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 98 High Epidaurus urges on my speed, Fam'd for his Hills, and for his Horses breed.

1712 A. Pope tr. Statius First Bk. Thebais in Misc. Poems 38 Hapless Tydeus..Thro' the thick Deserts headlong urg'd his Flight.

1735 W. Somervile Chace iii. 543 He..up the Breeze Urges his Course with eager Violence.

a1763 W. Shenstone Wks. Verse & Prose (1764) I. 94 Led by their beams I urg'd the pleasing chase.

1801 M. G. Lewis Sir Hengist in Tales of Wonder ii Sir Hengist urged his courser's pace.

1804 W. L. Bowles Spir. Discov. iv. 579 With De Quiros to the South Still urge thy way.

1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 61 He had several motives to urge his progress.

1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters xvi. 340 I should have to urge my way through the works of our best writers.

a. To stimulate to expression or action; to provoke or excite; to increase or intensify.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > quality of affecting the emotions > affect with emotion [verb (transitive)] > cause or give rise to an emotion

rearOE

arear?c1225

annoyc1300

movea1325

excite1393

raisea1400

lighta1413

stirc1430

provokec1450

provocate?a1475

rendera1522

to stir upc1530

excitate?1549

inspire1576

yield1576

to turn up1579

rouse1589

urge1594

incense1598

upraisea1600

upreara1600

irritate1612

awakena1616

recreate1643

pique1697

arouse1730

unlull1743

energize1753

evocate1827

evoke1856

vibe1977

1594 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 sig. C3^v Forbeare ambitious Prelate to vrge my griefe.

1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia i. 166 The wrath of heauen (though vrg'd) we see is slow In punishing the euils we haue done.

1616 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals II. iv. 98 Anger and pitty in his manly brest Vrge yet restraine his teares.

1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. I. 401 Then urge the fire gradually, bring the crucible to a white heat.

1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 21 While from their loud abysses howling throng The genii of the storm, urging the rage Of whirlwind.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1124 The heat having been briskly urged for a short time.

1865 J. M. Neale Hymns Paradise 28 All his spite my Tempter urges.

b. To provoke to anger; to irritate or annoy. Also with clause (quot. 1593). Now dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > irritate [verb (transitive)]

gremec893

grillc897

teenOE

mispay?c1225

agrillec1275

oftenec1275

tarya1300

tarc1300

atenec1320

enchafec1374

to-tarc1384

stingc1386

chafe?a1400

pokec1400

irec1420

ertc1440

rehete1447

nettlec1450

bog1546

tickle1548

touch1581

urge1593

aggravate1598

irritate1598

dishumour1600

to wind up1602

to pick at ——1603

outhumour1607

vex1625

bloody1633

efferate1653

rankle1659

spleen1689

splenetize1700

rile1724

roil1742

to put out1796

to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823

roughen1837

acerbate1845

to stroke against the hair, the wrong way (of the hair)1846

nag1849

to rub (a person, etc.) up the wrong way1859

frump1862

rattle1865

to set up any one's bristles1873

urticate1873

needle1874

draw1876

to rough up1877

to stick pins into1879

to get on ——1880

to make (someone) tiredc1883

razoo1890

to get under a person's skin1896

to get a person's goat1905

to be on at1907

to get a person's nanny1909

cag1919

to get a person's nanny-goat1928

cagmag1932

peeve1934

tick-off1934

to get on a person's tits1945

to piss off1946

bug1947

to get up a person's nose1951

tee1955

bum1970

tick1975

1593 T. Lodge Life & Death William Long Beard E 3 This is it that urgeth me that I fall into his hands.

1655 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1887) V. 191 A Sumersides yeoman [tried] for giving scandallous, urginge and provoking words.

1876– in dialect use ( Eng. Dial. Dict. at Urge v.¹ 2).

8. To ply vigorously; to use, work, or employ briskly or diligently.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or control > [verb (transitive)] > vigorously

play1590

urge1697

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 336 Both urge their Oars.

a1760 I. H. Browne Poems (1768) 126 I urge the gay flask With a set of old friends.

1820 P. B. Shelley Fragm.: Satire upon Satire 25 Follow his flight with winged words, and urge The strokes of the inexorable scourge.

IV. intransitive.

a. To press by inquiry or statement; to adduce or bring forward arguments, allegations, etc. Also const. to with infinitive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > pressure or urgency > press or urge [verb (intransitive)]

urge?1592

?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda iii. i. 73 Erastus, ile not yet vrge to know the cause That brought thee hether.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII v. iii. 82 I doe beseech your Lordships, That..my Accusers..may stand forth face to face, And freely vrge against me.

1804 ‘Gabrielli’ Something Odd! I. 130 When she had no company at home, he would urge to go and seek it abroad.

1818 P. B. Shelley Julian & Maddalo 616 I urged and questioned still, she told me how All happened.

b. To press solicitously, make a strong claim, for something.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > for something

bid971

aska1200

seekc1366

cravec1386

entreat1427

inquire?a1513

beg1576

incall1591

urgea1616

woo1615

clamour1651

to call on ——1721

tout1731

spell1790

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iii. ii. 12 One of his men..vrg'd extreamly for't [sc. money], and shewed what necessity belong'd too't.

1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 67 Infinite storyes of strange conjunctions which urge earnestly for credit.

a1745 J. Swift Serm. Martyrdom King Charles in Wks. (1765) VIII. 91 That wicked faction.., not content with all those marks of his justice.., urged still for more.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison II. ix. 60 He again urged for her hand, and for a private marriage.

1769 O. Goldsmith Rom. Hist. I. 183 The tribunes..began once more to urge for the removal.

†c. To strive for (mastery). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > compete or rival [verb (intransitive)]

envyc1369

to try (also play, prove, etc.) masteriesa1393

strive?c1450

pingle?a1513

marrow1567

corrive1586

contend1589

tilt1589

to drop vie(s)1599

to prove conclusions1601

to try (a) conclusion1601

rival1608

wage1608

campa1614

vie1615

buzzle1638

side1641

rival1656

urge1691

compete1796

rivalize1800

1691 A. Gavin Frauds Romish Monks (ed. 3) 302 His lovely Countenance, where the Lilly and the Rose did urge for Mastery.

10. To press, push, or hasten on. Esp. with adverbs, as along, on, onward, upward.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move with urgent speed > hasten along or onward

urge1712

1605–8 J. Donne To Sir H. Goodeere 8 A Palace..decayes: But hee which dwels there, is not so; for hee Strives to urge upward, and his fortune raise.

1673 J. Milton Psalm VII in Poems (new ed.) 139 Rise Jehovah in thine ire Rouze thy self amidst the rage Of my foes that urge like fire.

1692 M. Prior Ode Imitation Horace v. 31 Darius flies, young Ammon urges on.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 374. ⁋1 Those behind him, if he does not urge on, will tread him down.

1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 27 Thou hast heard the thorn's in flower, And childhood's bliss is urging on.

1857 S. Winkworth Life Tauler in Tauler's Serm. ix. 247 Through all this he shall urge onward, till [etc.].

1907 Westm. Gaz. 19 Oct. 3/1 A woman.., moaning inarticulately, urges wearily along.

11.

a. To act as an impelling or prompting motive, stimulus, or force; to incite or stimulate; to exercise pressure or constraint.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > have motive [verb (intransitive)] > incite or instigate

spura1225

broachc1380

serve1594

exstimulate1603

urge1645

prompt1830

sool1898

compel1903

1645 E. Waller Poems 142 Let Brutes..that cannot thinke, So far as drought and Nature urges, drinke.

1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 147 Since two things do urge, either Malignity or the Feaver; if that urge, most Antidotes are necessary.

a1660 Aphorismical Discov. in J. T. Gilbert Contemp. Hist. Ireland (1879) I. 157 There~fore thriued your precept may vrge, but your example is not souldierlike.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 68 Hope never comes That comes to all; but torture without end Still urges .

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 172 The present Occasions urging, and [they] being willing to blind them~selves.

1716 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad II. vi. 453 The Combate urges, and my Soul's on fire.

1752 D. Hume Polit. Disc. viii. 138 Necessity calls, fear urges, reason exhorts.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. v. 848 The time Urges, and need appears that we ourselves Now call to mind the fury of our might.

1805–6 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Inferno iv. 21 Our length of way Urges to haste.

†b. To be of weight or importance. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [verb (intransitive)]

reckeOE

recka1250

attainc1374

beforcec1375

pertaina1382

concern1477

import1539

signifya1616

to trench into (unto)1621

to bear (a) (great) state1623

urge1654

relate1655

bulk1672

refer1677

argufy1751

to be no small drinka1774

tell1779

reckon1811

to count for (much, little, nothing, etc.)1857

to stand for something (or nothing)1863

shout1876

count1885

mind1915

rate1926

1654 Z. Coke Art of Logick 145 A Syllogism leading to absurdity, much urgeth in disputing.

Derivatives

urged adj.

/ɜːdʒd/

ΚΠ

1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres iv. lxxxiv. sig. Y2 Whilst looking only on the vrged crime Vnto the farther drift they take no heed.

?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xvi. 264 Remember you express Your late-urged virtue.

1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. lxv. sig. T5^v Gifts are the greatest Vsurie; because a two-fold retribution is an vrged effect, that a Noble nature prompts vs to.

1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 264 I am nae stranger to..his warm-urged wishes.

1883 J. M. Duncan Clin. Lect. Dis. Women (ed. 2) ii. 8 And such urged passing [of uterine bougie] induces spasms.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	urge
释义	urgen. Brit. /əːdʒ/, U.S. /ərdʒ/ Etymology: < urge v. The action of urging or fact of being urged or prompted; an impelling motive, force, pressure, etc. In frequent use from c1910. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > incitement or instigation puttingOE sleatinga1122 eggingc1200 pricking?c1225 enticement1303 movinga1382 eggmentc1386 stirring1399 instinct1412 instigationc1422 motiona1425 provocationa1425 coyingc1440 ertingc1440 tollingc1440 artation1441 incitation1477 instinction1490 inhortationc1503 stimulation1526 abetment1533 onsetting1541 provokement?1545 incitament1579 stirring?c1580 irritation1589 incitement1594 spurring1611 to give foment to1613 fomenting1615 prompturea1616 proritation1615 urgea1618 exstimulation1626 fomentation1633 instinctment1661 spurning1672 impulsing1885 the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > incitement or instigation > that which incites or instigates prickleOE pritchOE alighting1340 brodc1375 bellowsc1386 pricka1387 motivec1390 prompting1402 preparativec1450 stirmentc1460 incentive?a1475 fomenta1500 farda1522 instigation1526 pointing1533 swinge1548 spur1551 whetstone1551 goad1567 promptitude1578 alarm1587 inducement1593 solicitor1594 incitement1596 inflammation1597 instance1597 excitement1604 moving spirit1604 heart-blood1606 inflamer1609 rouser1611 stimulator1614 motioner1616 incensivea1618 incitative1620 incitation1622 whettera1625 impulsivea1628 excitation1628 incendiary1628 dispositive1629 fomentationa1631 switch1630 stirrer1632 irritament1634 provocative1638 impetus1641 driving force1642 driving power1642 engagement1642 firer1653 propellant1654 fomentary1657 impulse1660 urgency1664 impeller1686 fillip1699 shove1724 incitive1736 stimulative1747 bonus1787 stimulus1791 impellent1793 stimulant1794 propulsion1800 instigant1833 propulsive1834 motive power1836 evoker1845 motivity1857 afflatus1865 flip1881 urge1882 agent provocateur1888 will to power1896 a shot in the arm1922 motivator1929 driver1971 co-driver1993 a1618 J. Sylvester Forgive us our Trespasses xxvii O may it please thy heavenly grace,..That we may pray without all urge; Forgive us, Lord, our debts. 1882 W. Whitman Leaves of Grass (new ed.) 324 O I am sure they really came from Thee, The urge, the ardor, the unconquerable will. 1886 R. W. Gilder Lyrics i Creation,..With swift, concentric, never ceasing urge, Resolving gradual to one disk of fire. 1914 J. L. Paton J. B. Paton xviii. 317 Every good deed is bound to grow. There is an inward urge that forces it upwards. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). urgev. Brit. /əːdʒ/, U.S. /ərdʒ/ Forms: Also 1500s urdge. Etymology: < Latin urgēre to press, drive, compel, etc. (whence Italian urgere, Spanish urgir, Portuguese urgir). I. To bring forward or advocate. 1. a. transitive. To bring forward, present, or press upon the attention (a fact, reason, argument, etc.) in an earnest or urgent manner; to plead with or by way of argument or excuse; to allege, affirm, or state, esp. in justification, extenuation, or defence.In frequent use from c1685. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > pressure or urgency > press or urge [verb (transitive)] strain1380 pressa1382 art?1406 enforcec1449 to stand for ——1531 work1532 urge1560 force1580 instance1606 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccxv^v The Emperour..aunswered him plainly that he could not..praise the same decree, and still vrged his promesse and couenaunt. 1565 J. Calfhill Aunswere Treat. Crosse f. 155 Ye vrge a miracle, for euery..splinter of the Crosse, inasmuch as a Church..was preserued from burning by it. 1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. D2 A spatious field of reasons could I vrge. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. i. 8 This..were an argument (as K. Iames did once pleasantly urge it) to prove our Old stile before the New. 1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 799 The Apostle urges our having a compassionate High-Priest in Heaven to intercede for us. 1713 G. Berkeley Three Dialogues Hylas & Philonous ii. 91 I am at a Loss what more to urge. 1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 56 The few.., seeking grace t'improve the prize they hold, Would urge a wiser suit than asking more. 1798 S. Lee Young Lady's Tale in H. Lee Canterbury Tales II. 164 [He] urged his weak health, as rendering it necessary he should travel very leisurely. 1816 J. Scott Paris Revisited x. 321 Canova..appeared as a claimant in behalf of Rome, which had only her venerable name to urge. 1855 Poultry Chron. 3 242/2 The most fastidious can urge no objection. 1864 D. G. Mitchell Seven Stories 279 The Count urged the scandal which would grow out of such a measure. b. Const. on, upon; to, etc.; also against. ΚΠ 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. i. 301 Vrge doubts to them that feare. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. vii. 19 He knowes not What I can vrge against him. View more context for this quotation 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iii. 35 Yet three things are urged against it. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 622 The terms we sent were terms of weight,..and full of force urg'd home. View more context for this quotation 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. vii. xv. 134 So far from being an Advocate for the present Prisoner, she urged his Guilt to his Officer. 1841 A. Combe Physiol. Digestion (ed. 3) 304 I shall..urge upon him the necessity of rendering our knowledge more complete. 1872 Ld. Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 83 Lancelot on him urged All the devisings of their chivalry. c. With clause as object, either introduced by that or directly quoted. ΚΠ (a) 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxxvij The French men..especially vrged that the Scotes myght be comprised in the peace. 1596 M. Drayton Tragicall Legend Robert Duke of Normandy sig. C2 Further to vrge what she before had said. 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 2 Wee doe therein urge somewhat further, that [etc.]. 1672 H. Stubbe Justif. War against Netherlands 24 The Queen urged, that..she was to be Arbitress. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. iv. v. 217 It was urged..that the servants..ought not to be deprived of such precious advantages. 1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay ix. 149 I urged that the disappearance of the..money..would tell against him. (b)1689 M. Prior Epist. to F. Shephard 78 So Atoms dancing round the Center, They urge, made all Things at a Venture.1741 J. Ozell tr. P. de B. de Brantôme Spanish Rhodomontades 67 M. de Lansac urged, It was absolutely necessary.a1792 J. Reynolds Journey Flanders & Holland in Wks. (1797) II. 124 There is lightness, airiness, and facility in Rubens, his advocates will urge.1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby vi. 46 ‘Father,’ urged the maiden [to the monk],..‘our daily alms have been distributed.’1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. i. 7 ‘Don't break out, Lammle,’ urged Fledgeby, in a submissive tone.1884 tr. H. Lotze Logic 424 We are left after all, it will be urged,..walled in within the all-embracing delusions of those ideas. 2. a. To advocate or advise earnestly (some course of action, etc.); to press with importunity, claim or demand pressingly. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > advise [verb (transitive)] > advocate (a course of action, etc.) redeOE enhort1382 counsel1393 admonishc1405 sustain?c1450 exhortc1500 persuadea1513 urge1596 advise1597 unwarn1612 paraenesize1716 recommend1734 the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > urge (a thing) persuasively > urge (a thing) earnestly monishc1384 exhortc1500 urge1596 1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) ix. xlvi. 219 Then proudly pricke the mounted Sers, the Harrolds..vrging fees to gentellize their name. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iv. ii. 312 I should not vrge thy duty past thy might. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. ii. 205 Why vrgest thou so oft yong Arthurs death? View more context for this quotation 1661 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. I. 5 The Lord Chancellour..is to urge of them the oath of supremacie. 1682 J. Dryden Medall 12 What vengeance will they urge, Whose Ordures neither Plague nor Fire can purge. 1805 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 14 206 I thought it my duty to urge the operation. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality iv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 75 He hath ever urged peace with the malignants. 1831 G. P. R. James Philip Augustus II. v. 133 The many, which were all eager to urge a course that..he would have been the first to follow, but [etc.]. b. With impersonal subject. ΚΠ 1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iii. sig. E Embassadour, what news hath vrg'd this sodain entrance? 1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iv. sig. K4 I see your lookes vrge instance of these wordes. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xxii. 58 The enemies in vew, draw vp your powers..your hast is now vrg'd on you. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 250 For solitude somtimes is best societie, And short retirement urges sweet returne. View more context for this quotation 1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch IV. viii. Finale 358 A past error may urge a grand retrieval. II. To entreat or incite strongly, and related uses. 3. a. To entreat or plead with (a person) pertinaciously; to importune, press, or ply with arguments or strong persuasion; to prompt, solicit, or request earnestly. Also, with impersonal subject: To incite or impel strongly. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > urge or importune depressc1400 nurnc1400 pressc1440 labourc1450 instancea1513 instanta1513 importune1530 to lie at, upon1535 apply1559 urge1568 importunate1574 ply1581 to put on ——?a1600 flagitate1623 besiege1712 earwig1804 bone1856 tout1920 S.O.S.a1936 opportune1941 1568 Bible (Bishops') Luke xi. 53 The lawyers and the pharisees began to vrge hym vehemently, and to prouoke hym to speake many thynges. 1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. E2, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) To vrge me as you doo, may but breede that which to neither of vs may returne pleasing. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 476 I see a yeelding in the lookes of France;..vrge them while their soules Are capeable of this ambition. View more context for this quotation 1640 W. Habington Queene of Arragon ii. 366 I urg'd Them with the memory of their former deedes. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 588 Hunger and thirst at once,..quick'nd at the scent Of that alluring fruit, urg'd me so keene. View more context for this quotation 1692 tr. C. de Saint-Évremond Misc. Ess. 24 Urged with an apprehension of their ruine, [they] abandoned themselves to the Conduct of Xantippus. 1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. x. 135 Strong Necessity our Toils demands,..and urges all our Hands. 1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. xv. 307 Do not urge her, Madam... It is not fair to urge her in this manner. View more context for this quotation 1847 A. Helps Friends in Council I. i. v. 83 Men..cannot be moved in masses as of old. At one time chivalry urged all men—then the Church. 1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches (1873) I. 183 The barbarian..moves when he is urged by appetite. b. Const. to with infinitive; also with adverbs (as on, onward) and prepositions. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate stirc897 putOE sputc1175 prokec1225 prickc1230 commovec1374 baitc1378 stingc1386 movea1398 eager?a1400 pokec1400 provokea1425 tollc1440 cheera1450 irritec1450 encourage1483 incite1483 harden1487 attice1490 pricklea1522 to set on1523 incense1531 irritate1531 animate1532 tickle1532 stomach1541 instigate1542 concitea1555 upsteer1558 urge1565 instimulate1570 whip1573 goad1579 raise1581 to set upa1586 to call ona1592 incitate1597 indarec1599 alarm1602 exstimulate1603 to put on1604 feeze1610 impulse1611 fomentate1613 emovec1614 animalize1617 stimulate1619 spura1644 trinkle1685 cite1718 to put up1812 prod1832 to jack up1914 goose1934 (a) 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Insto Vrge me not, or presse me not to iudge. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iv. ii. 158 Vrge the King To do me this last right. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1677 A spirit of phrenzie..Who..urg'd them on with mad desire To call in hast for thir destroyer. View more context for this quotation 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison II. xxiii. 167 Should she engage without waiting for his consent; as she was urged to do, by Letters. 1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf xix, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. I. 360 His patriotism urged him to serve his country abroad. 1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn I. xxix. 273 Seneca..urged the Emperor to summon him into his presence. (b)1600 A. Munday et al. First Pt. True Hist. Sir I. Old-castle sig. G2 Pardon my Lord, my conscience vrg'd me to it.1776 T. Paine Common Sense i. 3 Hunger in the mean time would urge him from his work.1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. v. 904 Venus..and the Archer..have urged, themselves, to this The frantic Mars.1832 E. Bulwer-Lytton Eugene Aram I. i. v. 81 They urge us onward, yet present no limit to our progress.1846 A. Marsh Father Darcy II. iv. 98 He was not urging others to a course in which he never intended to venture himself.1871 Leisure Hour 480/1 Two guineas paid to..his clerk, to urge him on with the works. †c. To charge strongly with something. Also with that and clause. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > firmly, strongly urge1599 thunder1677 1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 54 Speakinge to his wyfe, he urgethe her that she cannott denye yt. 1628 W. Mure tr. R. Boyd Spirituall Hymne 144 Thou of our innocence the ground, for vs, with guilt was vrgde. 1689 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 310 Speed's daughter told the bishop of it and the bishop urg'd him with it. 1703 N. Rowe Fair Penitent v. i Thou com'st to urge me with the wrongs I ha' done thee. 4. a. To serve or act as a constraining influence on (something); to bear pressingly on; to spur, actuate, or constrain. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > urge, press, or impel pullc1300 firk1340 enforce138. pressa1393 thrust14.. impel1490 urge1576 to put (a person) to it1581 importune1598 to lay weight upon1600 riot1777 society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] needeOE straita1340 pressa1393 afforcea1400 stressa1400 coactc1400 coarctc1400 strainc1400 compulse?a1475 cohert1475 oppress1523 compel1526 forcec1540 to tie to the stake1544 urge1576 adact1615 duressa1626 coerce1659 railroad1889 to twist the tail1895 steamroll1900 steamroller1912 shanghai1919 bulldozer1945 shotguna1961 1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 62 More I may say to you, then any mans mynde is urged to accomplishe. 1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iii. sig. E4^v A guiltie conscience vrged with the thought, Of former euils, easily cannot erre. 1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iv. sig. L But loue of him..Did vrge her resolution to be such. 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 620 Yee have extreamely urged the patience of the Lord. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. ii. 35 I..will pay fitting respect to your age, if you do not urge my patience with mockery. 1843 J. M. Neale Hymns for Sick 23 Give me when those last trials urge Thy Very Flesh and Blood. 1878 in G. P. Lathrop Masque of Poets 42 I was wrong to urge your will And wrong to mar your life. †b. To treat (a mineral, etc.) with great heat. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > other (coal-)mining procedures underbeit1670 buck1683 bank1705 bunding1747 urge1758 slappet1811 tamp1819 jowl1825 stack1832 sprag1841 hurry1847 bottom1851 salt1852 pipe1861 mill1868 tram1883 stope1886 sump1910 crow-pick1920 stockpile1921 spec1981 1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer Elements Theory & Pract. Chym. I. 69 If the calx of Tin be urged by a strong fire. 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) To urge an ore with intense heat. III. To press forward with energy, to provoke to action or anger, and related uses 5. To hasten or press forward (a proceeding, enterprise, etc.); to prosecute with effort, energy, or vigour; to push forward. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > carry on vigorously [verb (transitive)] driveOE to drive through1523 push1561 urge1565 to fall aboard1642 whack1719 beef1860 the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > exhort movea1382 enhort1382 exhortc1475 cohort1481 adhorta1500 urge1565 engage1647 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Insto Instabit huic loco,..He shall vrge this, or be earnest in this. 1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Hiv [Whoredom] bringeth death before nature vrge it,..or age require it. 1598 R. Hakluyt tr. S. Munster in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 145 Swandepolcus..affirming that himselfe neuer prospered so long as he vrged warre against them. 1667 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities (ed. 2) 430 This Substance..will..(if the Distillation have been urg'd far enough) [be] brittle. 1684 Earl of Roscommon Ess. Translated Verse 15 Urge your success, deserve a lasting Name. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 335 The Crew of Mnestheus, with elated Minds, Urge their Success. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 420 While Turnus urges thus his Enterprise. 1713 J. Addison Cato iii. v Why wilt thou urge the fate Of wretched men? 1781 W. Cowper Table Talk 214 The peasants urge their harvest. 1789 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. II 79 When..wither'd Famine urged the work of death. 1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. viii. 295 Henry obstinately urged his fate, and compelled the count..to take the saddle. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xii. 213 The bills which the Commons were urging forward. 1885 Daily Tel. 11 Sept. (Encycl. Dict.) Urging the carnage, and eyeing with pleasure all the horrors of war. in extended use.1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art ii. 110 Every kind deed..in relieving distress..would..open and urge, in a thousand unforeseen directions, the sluices of commerce and the springs of industry. 6. a. To press forcibly in some direction; to force or impel forward or onward; to drive. Also with prepositions or adverbs, as against, away, down, through. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > impel or drive animates sendc950 driveOE chacche138. chasec1400 teisec1400 to take up1542 gar1587 urge1594 herd1883 shoo1903 1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia v. 188 Now we of our side vrge them to retreate, And nowe before them we retyre as fast. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 87 The first walke is set with pipes of Lead and Brasse, through which the water is vrged. 1693 T. Creech tr. Juvenal Satires xiii. viii. 93 Rivers chang'd to Blood Roul wond'rous Waves, or urge a Milky Flood. 1742 A. Pope New Dunciad 584 From Stage to Stage the licenc'd Earl may run,..The Senator at Cricket urge the Ball. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. v. 70 For Menelaus..the spear urged through his breast. 1814 Ld. Byron Corsair iii. xv. 85 The blue waves sport around the stern they urge. 1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. xvi. 395 The latter [sc. air] being urged away from the tube by a force proportionate [etc.]. 1862 C. S. Calverley Verses & Transl. 16 Still I see you..Urge, towards the table's centre,..the squail. in extended use.1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace ii. ii. 16 Heir urges heir, like Wave impelling Wave.1821 P. B. Shelley Adonais xxi. 14 As long as skies are blue..Evening must usher night, night urge the morrow.figurative.1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 77 The fates Decreed their early death and urged them on. b. To cause to move, hasten, or gather speed; to accelerate the pace of; to speed up. Usually with adverbs (as forward, on) or prepositions. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > move at specific rate [verb (transitive)] > put on (speed) > accelerate festinate1556 accelerate1570 quicken1605 swiften1638 urgea1721 press1742 smarten1825 speed1856 to hit up1893 a1721 M. Prior Journey to Copt-Hall 12 I mount, and..With unarm'd kick urge on my horse. 1760 F. Fawkes tr. Anacreon Odes in tr. Anacreon Wks. lix. 8 With tighten'd Rein, I'll urge thee round the dusty Plain. 1821 P. B. Shelley Epithalamion 20 Nay, return, Vesper! urge thy lazy car! 1846 A. Marsh Father Darcy II. xix. 317 Their wearied horses..gave evidence of the fierce desperation with which they had been urged forward. 1902 V. Jacob Sheep-stealers x Coachmen were urging their horses up to the door. reflexive.1803 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. II. 160 [Birds] urge themselves forward by means of wings. c. To press or pursue (one's flight, way, the chase); to hasten or accelerate (one's pace, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move or cause to move swiftly in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > direct (one's way or steps) with haste runOE strain1579 urge1697 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 98 High Epidaurus urges on my speed, Fam'd for his Hills, and for his Horses breed. View more context for this quotation 1712 A. Pope tr. Statius First Bk. Thebais in Misc. Poems 38 Hapless Tydeus..Thro' the thick Deserts headlong urg'd his Flight. 1735 W. Somervile Chace iii. 543 He..up the Breeze Urges his Course with eager Violence. a1763 W. Shenstone Wks. Verse & Prose (1764) I. 94 Led by their beams I urg'd the pleasing chase. 1801 M. G. Lewis Sir Hengist in Tales of Wonder ii Sir Hengist urged his courser's pace. 1804 W. L. Bowles Spir. Discov. iv. 579 With De Quiros to the South Still urge thy way. 1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 61 He had several motives to urge his progress. 1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters xvi. 340 I should have to urge my way through the works of our best writers. 7. a. To stimulate to expression or action; to provoke or excite; to increase or intensify. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > quality of affecting the emotions > affect with emotion [verb (transitive)] > cause or give rise to an emotion rearOE arear?c1225 annoyc1300 movea1325 excite1393 raisea1400 lighta1413 stirc1430 provokec1450 provocate?a1475 rendera1522 to stir upc1530 excitate?1549 inspire1576 yield1576 to turn up1579 rouse1589 urge1594 incense1598 upraisea1600 upreara1600 irritate1612 awakena1616 recreate1643 pique1697 arouse1730 unlull1743 energize1753 evocate1827 evoke1856 vibe1977 1594 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 sig. C3^v Forbeare ambitious Prelate to vrge my griefe. 1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia i. 166 The wrath of heauen (though vrg'd) we see is slow In punishing the euils we haue done. 1616 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals II. iv. 98 Anger and pitty in his manly brest Vrge yet restraine his teares. 1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. I. 401 Then urge the fire gradually, bring the crucible to a white heat. 1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 21 While from their loud abysses howling throng The genii of the storm, urging the rage Of whirlwind. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1124 The heat having been briskly urged for a short time. 1865 J. M. Neale Hymns Paradise 28 All his spite my Tempter urges. b. To provoke to anger; to irritate or annoy. Also with clause (quot. 1593). Now dialect. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > irritate [verb (transitive)] gremec893 grillc897 teenOE mispay?c1225 agrillec1275 oftenec1275 tarya1300 tarc1300 atenec1320 enchafec1374 to-tarc1384 stingc1386 chafe?a1400 pokec1400 irec1420 ertc1440 rehete1447 nettlec1450 bog1546 tickle1548 touch1581 urge1593 aggravate1598 irritate1598 dishumour1600 to wind up1602 to pick at ——1603 outhumour1607 vex1625 bloody1633 efferate1653 rankle1659 spleen1689 splenetize1700 rile1724 roil1742 to put out1796 to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823 roughen1837 acerbate1845 to stroke against the hair, the wrong way (of the hair)1846 nag1849 to rub (a person, etc.) up the wrong way1859 frump1862 rattle1865 to set up any one's bristles1873 urticate1873 needle1874 draw1876 to rough up1877 to stick pins into1879 to get on ——1880 to make (someone) tiredc1883 razoo1890 to get under a person's skin1896 to get a person's goat1905 to be on at1907 to get a person's nanny1909 cag1919 to get a person's nanny-goat1928 cagmag1932 peeve1934 tick-off1934 to get on a person's tits1945 to piss off1946 bug1947 to get up a person's nose1951 tee1955 bum1970 tick1975 1593 T. Lodge Life & Death William Long Beard E 3 This is it that urgeth me that I fall into his hands. 1655 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1887) V. 191 A Sumersides yeoman [tried] for giving scandallous, urginge and provoking words. 1876– in dialect use ( Eng. Dial. Dict. at Urge v.¹ 2). 8. To ply vigorously; to use, work, or employ briskly or diligently. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or control > [verb (transitive)] > vigorously play1590 urge1697 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 336 Both urge their Oars. a1760 I. H. Browne Poems (1768) 126 I urge the gay flask With a set of old friends. 1820 P. B. Shelley Fragm.: Satire upon Satire 25 Follow his flight with winged words, and urge The strokes of the inexorable scourge. IV. intransitive. 9. a. To press by inquiry or statement; to adduce or bring forward arguments, allegations, etc. Also const. to with infinitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > pressure or urgency > press or urge [verb (intransitive)] urge?1592 ?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda iii. i. 73 Erastus, ile not yet vrge to know the cause That brought thee hether. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII v. iii. 82 I doe beseech your Lordships, That..my Accusers..may stand forth face to face, And freely vrge against me. View more context for this quotation 1804 ‘Gabrielli’ Something Odd! I. 130 When she had no company at home, he would urge to go and seek it abroad. 1818 P. B. Shelley Julian & Maddalo 616 I urged and questioned still, she told me how All happened. b. To press solicitously, make a strong claim, for something. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > for something bid971 aska1200 seekc1366 cravec1386 entreat1427 inquire?a1513 beg1576 incall1591 urgea1616 woo1615 clamour1651 to call on ——1721 tout1731 spell1790 a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iii. ii. 12 One of his men..vrg'd extreamly for't [sc. money], and shewed what necessity belong'd too't. View more context for this quotation 1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 67 Infinite storyes of strange conjunctions which urge earnestly for credit. a1745 J. Swift Serm. Martyrdom King Charles in Wks. (1765) VIII. 91 That wicked faction.., not content with all those marks of his justice.., urged still for more. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison II. ix. 60 He again urged for her hand, and for a private marriage. 1769 O. Goldsmith Rom. Hist. I. 183 The tribunes..began once more to urge for the removal. †c. To strive for (mastery). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > compete or rival [verb (intransitive)] envyc1369 to try (also play, prove, etc.) masteriesa1393 strive?c1450 pingle?a1513 marrow1567 corrive1586 contend1589 tilt1589 to drop vie(s)1599 to prove conclusions1601 to try (a) conclusion1601 rival1608 wage1608 campa1614 vie1615 buzzle1638 side1641 rival1656 urge1691 compete1796 rivalize1800 1691 A. Gavin Frauds Romish Monks (ed. 3) 302 His lovely Countenance, where the Lilly and the Rose did urge for Mastery. 10. To press, push, or hasten on. Esp. with adverbs, as along, on, onward, upward. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move with urgent speed > hasten along or onward urge1712 1605–8 J. Donne To Sir H. Goodeere 8 A Palace..decayes: But hee which dwels there, is not so; for hee Strives to urge upward, and his fortune raise. 1673 J. Milton Psalm VII in Poems (new ed.) 139 Rise Jehovah in thine ire Rouze thy self amidst the rage Of my foes that urge like fire. 1692 M. Prior Ode Imitation Horace v. 31 Darius flies, young Ammon urges on. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 374. ⁋1 Those behind him, if he does not urge on, will tread him down. 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 27 Thou hast heard the thorn's in flower, And childhood's bliss is urging on. 1857 S. Winkworth Life Tauler in Tauler's Serm. ix. 247 Through all this he shall urge onward, till [etc.]. 1907 Westm. Gaz. 19 Oct. 3/1 A woman.., moaning inarticulately, urges wearily along. 11. a. To act as an impelling or prompting motive, stimulus, or force; to incite or stimulate; to exercise pressure or constraint. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > have motive [verb (intransitive)] > incite or instigate spura1225 broachc1380 serve1594 exstimulate1603 urge1645 prompt1830 sool1898 compel1903 1645 E. Waller Poems 142 Let Brutes..that cannot thinke, So far as drought and Nature urges, drinke. 1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 147 Since two things do urge, either Malignity or the Feaver; if that urge, most Antidotes are necessary. a1660 Aphorismical Discov. in J. T. Gilbert Contemp. Hist. Ireland (1879) I. 157 There~fore thriued your precept may vrge, but your example is not souldierlike. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 68 Hope never comes That comes to all; but torture without end Still urges . View more context for this quotation 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 172 The present Occasions urging, and [they] being willing to blind them~selves. 1716 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad II. vi. 453 The Combate urges, and my Soul's on fire. 1752 D. Hume Polit. Disc. viii. 138 Necessity calls, fear urges, reason exhorts. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. v. 848 The time Urges, and need appears that we ourselves Now call to mind the fury of our might. 1805–6 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Inferno iv. 21 Our length of way Urges to haste. †b. To be of weight or importance. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [verb (intransitive)] reckeOE recka1250 attainc1374 beforcec1375 pertaina1382 concern1477 import1539 signifya1616 to trench into (unto)1621 to bear (a) (great) state1623 urge1654 relate1655 bulk1672 refer1677 argufy1751 to be no small drinka1774 tell1779 reckon1811 to count for (much, little, nothing, etc.)1857 to stand for something (or nothing)1863 shout1876 count1885 mind1915 rate1926 1654 Z. Coke Art of Logick 145 A Syllogism leading to absurdity, much urgeth in disputing. Derivatives urged adj. /ɜːdʒd/ ΚΠ 1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres iv. lxxxiv. sig. Y2 Whilst looking only on the vrged crime Vnto the farther drift they take no heed. ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xvi. 264 Remember you express Your late-urged virtue. 1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. lxv. sig. T5^v Gifts are the greatest Vsurie; because a two-fold retribution is an vrged effect, that a Noble nature prompts vs to. 1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 264 I am nae stranger to..his warm-urged wishes. 1883 J. M. Duncan Clin. Lect. Dis. Women (ed. 2) ii. 8 And such urged passing [of uterine bougie] induces spasms. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1618v.1560
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