venaladj.¹

Brit.

/ˈviːnl/, U.S.

/ˈvin(ə)l/

Forms: late Middle English– venal, 1500s venalle, 1500s–1600s venall, 1600s uenall.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin venalis.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin venalis (13th cent.) < classical Latin vēna vein n. + -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare veinal adj. and later venial adj.²

1. venal artery n. now historical a pulmonary vein; also called veinous artery, veiny artery, venous artery.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood vessel > vein > [noun] > specific vein

middle veina1398

portaa1398

saphena1398

funisa1400

sciaticaa1400

guidesc1400

haemorrhoidc1400

salvatellac1400

liver veina1425

median?a1425

mesaraic?a1425

sciatic?a1425

venal artery?a1425

sciat1503

organal vein1523

axillar?1541

weeping vein1543

port-vein1586

lip-vein1598

nose vein1598

sciatic vein1598

cephalic vein1599

hollow vein1605

jugular1615

scapulary1615

subclavian vein1615

umbilical vessel1615

basilica1625

porter-vein1625

neck vein1639

garter-vein1656

matricious vein1656

sacred vein1656

subclavicular1656

subclavial1664

vertebral1718

portal vein1765

cava1809

satellite vein1809

brachial1859

innominate vein1866

precaval1866

postcava1882

precava1882

postcaval1891

Vesalian vein1891

sciatic1892

subcardinal1902

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.:Wallner) i. 112 (MED) Fro þe lefte hole [of the heart] goþ out a veyne pulsatile..Of þe which one parte goþ to þe pulmon which is seid arterie venal.

1565 J. Hall Anat. 3rd Treat. ii. 68 in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. And in the hearte haue the venall arterye, and the arteriall veine their begynninges.

1667 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 579 The blood therein inclosed is protruded into the branches of the venal Artery.

1729 E. Strother Pract. Physician for Travellers 122 If the Blood shou'd be congeal'd in the Venal Artery of the Lungs, the Heart will be prodigiously distended in labouring in vain to circulate its Fluids into them, since the Blood will soon stagnate in the Heart.

1844 Shakespeare Society's Papers 1 112 He [sc. Servetus] goes on to state..that the subtle blood..was prepared and made bright by the lungs, and transfused by the arterial vein to the venal artery—that it was then mixed with the inspired air in the venal artery, and cleansed from grossness by expiration.

2013 L. E. Demaitre Medieval Med. vi. 207 This cool air enters the left heart ventricle through the venal artery (the pulmonary vein), which also brings the warmed air and waste fumes to the lung.

2. Of blood: contained in the veins; = venous adj. 3a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood > types of blood > [adjective] > vein-blood > contained in veins

veinalc1484

venal1615

veinous1634

venous1653

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 30 So the Heart..containeth in his right ventricle venal, in his left arterial blood.

1665 M. Nedham Medela Medicinæ 417 Bleeding drains onely the Venal Bloud.

1684 R. Boyle Mem. Nat. Hist. Humane Blood 11 Of the Colours of Humane Blood Arterial and Venal.

1745 B. Franklin Let. 28 Nov. in Wks. (1887) II. 10 I cannot conceive how they are dilated. It is said, by the force of the venal blood rushing into them.

1807 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 17 302 The blood that was discharged was evidently venal.

1832 W. R. Clanny Hyperanthraxis 61 It has been calculated, that in the interval of twenty-four hours, not less than eleven ounces of carbon finds its way from the venal blood into the air cells of the lungs, and..is converted into carbonic acid.

1918 Illinois Med. Jrnl. 34 130/2 The venal blood of the portal vein and arterial blood entering the liver leaves the liver through the hepatic vein.

2010 Jrnl. Molecular Diagnostics 12 627/1 Blood collection from a finger stick or heel stick provides a lower cost and simpler alternative to venal blood.

3. Of, relating to, or of the nature of a vein; = venous adj. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood vessel > [adjective]

veiny?a1425

arterial1594

subclavian1615

venal1615

venous1634

phleboidal1849

perivascular1868

cerebrovascular1935

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 319 For a thin and venall vessell could not arise out of the thicke & crasse left ventricle of the heart.

1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 70 Making it [sc. the blood] to restagnate in some of the arterial or venal chanels.

1744 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 43 60 The Blood is stopp'd, as mentioned before, in the little venal parallel Canals.

1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. i. §1. 45 The venal Sinuses which surround the Brain and spinal Marrow.

1793 M. Baillie Morbid. Anat. v. 69 There was no obstruction at the entrance of the thoracic duct into the venal system.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. II. 903 To make the skin do the office of a valve to the venal opening.

1913 N.Y. Med. Jrnl. 21 June 1292/2 The pulse was sixty and strong; showing the effect against a retarded venal circulation of a highly toxic condition.

2006 D. L. Rowland in R. D. McAnulty & M. M. Burnette Sex & Sexuality II. iii. 50 Erection is the result of increased arterial flow through vasodilation and shunting of the arterial blood away from immediate venal flow into the cavernous spaces of the penis.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

venaladj.²

Brit.

/ˈviːnl/, U.S.

/ˈvin(ə)l/

Forms: Also 1500s venall.

Etymology: < Latin vēnālis, < vēnum that which is sold or for sale. So Old French venal, French vénal, Spanish venal, Portuguese venal, Italian venale.

1. Of things:

a. Exposed or offered for sale, that may be bought, as an ordinary article of merchandise. Also, associated or connected with ordinary sale or purchase. Now archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > [adjective] > for sale

to set on (or a) sale1546

vendible1552

saleable1599

venal1662

on (also in) the market1776

1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura vi. 147 Not as a Venal addition to the price of the Book..but..as a Specimen of what we have alledged.

1663 R. Boyle Some Considerations Usefulnesse Exper. Nat. Philos. ii. 358 Premising..that by Sal Armoniack I here mean the Factitious and Venal.

1746 W. Dunkin tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles ii. ii. 14 He sinks in Credit, who attempts to raise His venal Wares with over-rating Praise, To put them off his Hands.

1849 R. T. Claridge Cold-water Cure 38 Men..avoid water—perhaps because it costs nothing (for, in our artificial life, we are led to esteem things according to their venal price).

1883 Athenæum 3 Nov. 564/3 The book, though open for many years to the frequenters of great libraries, has not been venal on the shelves of the ordinary bookseller.

1888 Sat. Rev. 7 Jan. 12 The figs..might be venal at the nearest stall without our troubling the stall-keeper.

b. Of offices, privileges, etc.: Capable of being acquired by purchase, instead of being conferred on grounds of merit or regarded as above bargaining for.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > [adjective] > for sale > of offices or privileges

vendible1579

venal1675

vendablea1680

1675 T. Brooks Golden Key Ep. Ded. sig. a4 When these places of honour and trust were made venal,..and sold for ready money to such as gave most for them.

1772 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) (Camden) 405 In the last Parliament, the places being quite venal, the young men, who had purchased, were the majority.

1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 169 The face of affairs in France is at present greatly altered; every thing there is now become venal.

1839 J. Mendham (title) The Venal Indulgences and pardons of the Church of Rome, exemplified [etc.].

1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. i. 5 They see that wealth is safety and power, where everything is venal.

1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands (1868) I. ii. 41 All posts and charges were venal.

c. Of support, favour, etc.: That may be bought or obtained for a price; ready to be given in return for some reward without regard for higher principles.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > [adjective] > for sale > of support or favour

vendablec1400

vendible1579

of sale1598

venal1652

1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 196 Prophecy is not venal, or to be bought, and hired with mony, and preferments.

1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. ii. 217 From him some bribe thy venal tongue requires.

1738 S. Johnson London 198 The Laureate Tribe in venal Verse relate, How Virtue wars with persecuting Fate.

1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xi. 73 You may command a venal vote.

1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 26 (note) Deigning to subsidize a venal pen in order to throw a gloss over the flagrant dereliction.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. xliv. 165 As the Senate is smaller..the vote of each member is of more consequence, and fetches, when venal, a higher price.

2. Of persons: Capable of being bought over or bribed; ready to lend support or exert influence for purely mercenary considerations; of an unprincipled and hireling character.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [adjective] > of nature of bribe > able to be bribed

corrupt1393

wager1567

saleable1579

of sale1598

sale1604

vendible1609

shop-likea1637

emptitious1650

sellable1650

venal1670

bribable1724

on the take1930

1670 A. Marvell Let. 14 Apr. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 317 We are all venal Cowards, except some few.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. x. 414 Their Magistrates are corrupt..and their tribunals venal.

1781 W. Cowper Table Talk 352 And every venal stickler for the yoke Felt himself crush'd at the first word he spoke.

1842 W. C. Taylor Student's Man. Anc. Hist. (ed. 3) x. §6. 284 Venal orators conducted the prosecution.

1881 J. A. Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. ii. vi. 252 Rome was as venal under the popes as Jugurtha found her under the Republic.

3. Connected or associated with sordid and unprincipled bargaining; subject to mercenary or corrupt influences.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [adjective] > of nature of bribe > relating to bribery

venal1718

subornative1827

1718 N. Rowe tr. Lucan Pharsalia 338 Hence slaughter in the venal field returns, And Rome her yearly competitions mourns.

1744 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons (new ed.) 176 Thy pathetic Eloquence! that..Of honest Zeal th' indignant Lightning throws, And shakes Corruption on her venal Throne.

1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France in Wks. (1808) VIII. 194 To squander us away..for a venal enlargement of their own territories.

1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella III. ii. xxiv. 392 No one has accused him of attempting to enrich his exchequer by the venal sale of office.

1885 F. J. Fargus Slings & Arrows 62 The compartment of the train which was, by a venal arrangement of the guard's, reserved to ourselves.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	venal
释义	venaladj.¹ Brit. /ˈviːnl/, U.S. /ˈvin(ə)l/ Forms: late Middle English– venal, 1500s venalle, 1500s–1600s venall, 1600s uenall. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin venalis. Etymology: < post-classical Latin venalis (13th cent.) < classical Latin vēna vein n. + -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare veinal adj. and later venial adj.² 1. venal artery n. now historical a pulmonary vein; also called veinous artery, veiny artery, venous artery. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood vessel > vein > [noun] > specific vein middle veina1398 portaa1398 saphena1398 funisa1400 sciaticaa1400 guidesc1400 haemorrhoidc1400 salvatellac1400 liver veina1425 median?a1425 mesaraic?a1425 sciatic?a1425 venal artery?a1425 sciat1503 organal vein1523 axillar?1541 weeping vein1543 port-vein1586 lip-vein1598 nose vein1598 sciatic vein1598 cephalic vein1599 hollow vein1605 jugular1615 scapulary1615 subclavian vein1615 umbilical vessel1615 basilica1625 porter-vein1625 neck vein1639 garter-vein1656 matricious vein1656 sacred vein1656 subclavicular1656 subclavial1664 vertebral1718 portal vein1765 cava1809 satellite vein1809 brachial1859 innominate vein1866 precaval1866 postcava1882 precava1882 postcaval1891 Vesalian vein1891 sciatic1892 subcardinal1902 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.:Wallner) i. 112 (MED) Fro þe lefte hole [of the heart] goþ out a veyne pulsatile..Of þe which one parte goþ to þe pulmon which is seid arterie venal. 1565 J. Hall Anat. 3rd Treat. ii. 68 in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. And in the hearte haue the venall arterye, and the arteriall veine their begynninges. 1667 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 579 The blood therein inclosed is protruded into the branches of the venal Artery. 1729 E. Strother Pract. Physician for Travellers 122 If the Blood shou'd be congeal'd in the Venal Artery of the Lungs, the Heart will be prodigiously distended in labouring in vain to circulate its Fluids into them, since the Blood will soon stagnate in the Heart. 1844 Shakespeare Society's Papers 1 112 He [sc. Servetus] goes on to state..that the subtle blood..was prepared and made bright by the lungs, and transfused by the arterial vein to the venal artery—that it was then mixed with the inspired air in the venal artery, and cleansed from grossness by expiration. 2013 L. E. Demaitre Medieval Med. vi. 207 This cool air enters the left heart ventricle through the venal artery (the pulmonary vein), which also brings the warmed air and waste fumes to the lung. 2. Of blood: contained in the veins; = venous adj. 3a. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood > types of blood > [adjective] > vein-blood > contained in veins veinalc1484 venal1615 veinous1634 venous1653 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 30 So the Heart..containeth in his right ventricle venal, in his left arterial blood. 1665 M. Nedham Medela Medicinæ 417 Bleeding drains onely the Venal Bloud. 1684 R. Boyle Mem. Nat. Hist. Humane Blood 11 Of the Colours of Humane Blood Arterial and Venal. 1745 B. Franklin Let. 28 Nov. in Wks. (1887) II. 10 I cannot conceive how they are dilated. It is said, by the force of the venal blood rushing into them. 1807 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 17 302 The blood that was discharged was evidently venal. 1832 W. R. Clanny Hyperanthraxis 61 It has been calculated, that in the interval of twenty-four hours, not less than eleven ounces of carbon finds its way from the venal blood into the air cells of the lungs, and..is converted into carbonic acid. 1918 Illinois Med. Jrnl. 34 130/2 The venal blood of the portal vein and arterial blood entering the liver leaves the liver through the hepatic vein. 2010 Jrnl. Molecular Diagnostics 12 627/1 Blood collection from a finger stick or heel stick provides a lower cost and simpler alternative to venal blood. 3. Of, relating to, or of the nature of a vein; = venous adj. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood vessel > [adjective] veiny?a1425 arterial1594 subclavian1615 venal1615 venous1634 phleboidal1849 perivascular1868 cerebrovascular1935 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 319 For a thin and venall vessell could not arise out of the thicke & crasse left ventricle of the heart. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 70 Making it [sc. the blood] to restagnate in some of the arterial or venal chanels. 1744 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 43 60 The Blood is stopp'd, as mentioned before, in the little venal parallel Canals. 1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. i. §1. 45 The venal Sinuses which surround the Brain and spinal Marrow. 1793 M. Baillie Morbid. Anat. v. 69 There was no obstruction at the entrance of the thoracic duct into the venal system. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. II. 903 To make the skin do the office of a valve to the venal opening. 1913 N.Y. Med. Jrnl. 21 June 1292/2 The pulse was sixty and strong; showing the effect against a retarded venal circulation of a highly toxic condition. 2006 D. L. Rowland in R. D. McAnulty & M. M. Burnette Sex & Sexuality II. iii. 50 Erection is the result of increased arterial flow through vasodilation and shunting of the arterial blood away from immediate venal flow into the cavernous spaces of the penis. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). venaladj.² Brit. /ˈviːnl/, U.S. /ˈvin(ə)l/ Forms: Also 1500s venall. Etymology: < Latin vēnālis, < vēnum that which is sold or for sale. So Old French venal, French vénal, Spanish venal, Portuguese venal, Italian venale. 1. Of things: a. Exposed or offered for sale, that may be bought, as an ordinary article of merchandise. Also, associated or connected with ordinary sale or purchase. Now archaic. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > [adjective] > for sale to set on (or a) sale1546 vendible1552 saleable1599 venal1662 on (also in) the market1776 1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura vi. 147 Not as a Venal addition to the price of the Book..but..as a Specimen of what we have alledged. 1663 R. Boyle Some Considerations Usefulnesse Exper. Nat. Philos. ii. 358 Premising..that by Sal Armoniack I here mean the Factitious and Venal. 1746 W. Dunkin tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles ii. ii. 14 He sinks in Credit, who attempts to raise His venal Wares with over-rating Praise, To put them off his Hands. 1849 R. T. Claridge Cold-water Cure 38 Men..avoid water—perhaps because it costs nothing (for, in our artificial life, we are led to esteem things according to their venal price). 1883 Athenæum 3 Nov. 564/3 The book, though open for many years to the frequenters of great libraries, has not been venal on the shelves of the ordinary bookseller. 1888 Sat. Rev. 7 Jan. 12 The figs..might be venal at the nearest stall without our troubling the stall-keeper. b. Of offices, privileges, etc.: Capable of being acquired by purchase, instead of being conferred on grounds of merit or regarded as above bargaining for. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > [adjective] > for sale > of offices or privileges vendible1579 venal1675 vendablea1680 1675 T. Brooks Golden Key Ep. Ded. sig. a4 When these places of honour and trust were made venal,..and sold for ready money to such as gave most for them. 1772 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) (Camden) 405 In the last Parliament, the places being quite venal, the young men, who had purchased, were the majority. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 169 The face of affairs in France is at present greatly altered; every thing there is now become venal. 1839 J. Mendham (title) The Venal Indulgences and pardons of the Church of Rome, exemplified [etc.]. 1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. i. 5 They see that wealth is safety and power, where everything is venal. 1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands (1868) I. ii. 41 All posts and charges were venal. c. Of support, favour, etc.: That may be bought or obtained for a price; ready to be given in return for some reward without regard for higher principles. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > [adjective] > for sale > of support or favour vendablec1400 vendible1579 of sale1598 venal1652 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 196 Prophecy is not venal, or to be bought, and hired with mony, and preferments. 1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. ii. 217 From him some bribe thy venal tongue requires. 1738 S. Johnson London 198 The Laureate Tribe in venal Verse relate, How Virtue wars with persecuting Fate. 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xi. 73 You may command a venal vote. 1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 26 (note) Deigning to subsidize a venal pen in order to throw a gloss over the flagrant dereliction. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. xliv. 165 As the Senate is smaller..the vote of each member is of more consequence, and fetches, when venal, a higher price. 2. Of persons: Capable of being bought over or bribed; ready to lend support or exert influence for purely mercenary considerations; of an unprincipled and hireling character. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [adjective] > of nature of bribe > able to be bribed corrupt1393 wager1567 saleable1579 of sale1598 sale1604 vendible1609 shop-likea1637 emptitious1650 sellable1650 venal1670 bribable1724 on the take1930 1670 A. Marvell Let. 14 Apr. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 317 We are all venal Cowards, except some few. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. x. 414 Their Magistrates are corrupt..and their tribunals venal. 1781 W. Cowper Table Talk 352 And every venal stickler for the yoke Felt himself crush'd at the first word he spoke. 1842 W. C. Taylor Student's Man. Anc. Hist. (ed. 3) x. §6. 284 Venal orators conducted the prosecution. 1881 J. A. Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. ii. vi. 252 Rome was as venal under the popes as Jugurtha found her under the Republic. 3. Connected or associated with sordid and unprincipled bargaining; subject to mercenary or corrupt influences. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [adjective] > of nature of bribe > relating to bribery venal1718 subornative1827 1718 N. Rowe tr. Lucan Pharsalia 338 Hence slaughter in the venal field returns, And Rome her yearly competitions mourns. 1744 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons (new ed.) 176 Thy pathetic Eloquence! that..Of honest Zeal th' indignant Lightning throws, And shakes Corruption on her venal Throne. 1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France in Wks. (1808) VIII. 194 To squander us away..for a venal enlargement of their own territories. 1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella III. ii. xxiv. 392 No one has accused him of attempting to enrich his exchequer by the venal sale of office. 1885 F. J. Fargus Slings & Arrows 62 The compartment of the train which was, by a venal arrangement of the guard's, reserved to ourselves. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.¹?a1425adj.²1652
随便看	sailboard sailboarded sailboarder sailboarders sailboarding sailboardings sailboards sailboat sailboater sailboaters sailboating sailboatings sailboats sailbond sailbroad sailburton sailcarrying sailcloth sailcloths saildotted sailduck sailed sailer sailers sailfan

venaladj.1

venaladj.2

venaladj.¹

venaladj.²