us selfpron.

Brit.

/ʌˈsɛlf/,

/əˈsɛlf/, U.S.

/əˈsɛlf/

Forms:

α. Old English us selfe (accusative), Old English us sylfe (accusative), Middle English hus seolue, Middle English ous self, Middle English ous selue, Middle English ousselve, Middle English ous silve, Middle English us self, Middle English us seolue, Middle English us silf, Middle English us sulf, Middle English vsself, Middle English vs self, Middle English vs selfe, Middle English vs selff, Middle English vs selue, Middle English vsselue, Middle English vs selve, Middle English vs silf, Middle English vs sulue, Middle English vssylve; regional and nonstandard 1800s ussel' (English regional (northern and north midlands)), 1900s– usself, 1900s– us self.

β. Old English us selfum (dative), Old English us silfum (dative), Old English us sylfum (dative), late Old English–early Middle English us sylfen, early Middle English us sylfæn, Middle English us seluan, Middle English us seluen, Middle English us selwen, Middle English us seoluen, Middle English us soluen, Middle English uss sellfenn ( Ormulum), Middle English us suluen, Middle English vs seluen; English regional (northern and north midlands) 1800s– us-sen.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: us pron., self pron.

Etymology: < us pron. + self pron. Compare self pron. 2b, 2c. Compare later ourself pron.Old English ūs selfe (accusative), ūs selfum (dative) represent inflected forms of wē selfe ( < we pron. + self pron.); the latter survives into Middle English in emphatic use (see weself pron.). There is also a distinct Old English construction ūs selfe (in apposition to the subjective pronoun wē ), in which selfe is in the nominative in agreement with the subject of the sentence, with the personal pronoun ūs representing a kind of reflexive or ethical dative (compare early quots. at sense 2, and discussion at thyself pron.). In the paradigm of Old English wē selfe the forms of self pron. are plural and agree in case with the personal pronoun; such forms are continued in Middle English forms like we selve , us selven , our selve , etc., which show a voiced fricative. Forms showing word-final voiceless fricative (as in weself pron., us self and modern standard English ourself pron.) reflect substitution of uninflected self (see discussion at self pron.). In modern regional use probably showing an alteration of ourself pron. (compare forms at that entry), rather than a continuation of the Middle English use. Compare likewise the English regional forms usselves , ussels , ussens , etc. (see Eng. Dial. Dict. at ussels reflexive pronoun, ussen(s reflexive pron. and C. Upton et al. Surv. Eng. Dial.: Dict. & Gram. (1994) 489) and the U.S. regional and nonstandard forms (chiefly in African-American usage) usselves , us-selves , etc., all of which probably show similar alterations of ourselves pron.:1844 Family of Seisers I. 138 Let's buy a penny 'orth to comfort usselves.1864 B. Brierley Layrock of Langley-side 99 We're putting ussels forrud.1937 C. Crawley Interview 20 Feb. in C. L. Perdue et al. Weevils in Wheat (1976) 78 Well now, we worked here an' we bought uselves a home an' paid fer it.1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 330/2 Us'll do it usselns.2008 R. Raisin God's Own Country viii. 58 We put usselves down behind the top of one of the hills, bellied on the grass.

In later use English regional (northern and north midlands) and U.S. regional and nonstandard (chiefly in African-American usage). Emphatic and reflexive pronoun, corresponding to we, us. See ourself pron., ourselves pron.

I. Emphatic uses.

†1. Used instead of the objective pronoun us as the object of a verb or preposition. Obsolete.In quot. 1258, in absolute construction representing the Latin ablative and with singular referent.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Homily (Trin. Cambr. B.15.34) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 77 Ne synd na emlice þissere tide þrowunga þam toweardum wuldre, þe bið geswutelod on us sylfum þonne, þæt is on heofonan rice.

OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1052 Betwyx us sylfum to mycclum forwyrde.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 156 Þe þridde þing is þet schrift deð us seoluen þe frut of þes oþre twa & end eð ham baðe, þet is, makeð us godes children.

1258 Proclam. Henry III in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1868–9) 21 We senden ȝew þis writ open iseined wiþ vre seel... Witnesse vs seluen æt Lunden..In þe Twoandfowertiȝþe ȝeare of vre cruninge.

c1330 (?c1300) Reinbrun (Auch.) in J. Zupitza Guy of Warwick (1891) 662 (MED) Þar-to þe treuþe pliȝte me Betwene vs-selue to.

a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 135 (MED) It shalnot only be goode to owre prince, but also to vs selff, that he be well indowed.

2. In apposition to the first person plural pronoun we: for our part; personally; as far as we are concerned. Now rare.In Old English probably originally with ūs as a kind of reflexive or ethical dative followed by emphatic selfe in agreement with the subject wē.

ΚΠ

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xlix. 375 Ac ðonne we doð ægðer, ge we ða wætru todælað æfter kyninga herestrætum, ge eac us selfe habbað [L. tamen soli possidemus].

lOE Homily (Corpus Cambr. 302) in J. Bazire & J. E. Cross Eleven Old Eng. Rogationtide Homilies (1989) 71 We þonne leornodon þæt hi geear[n]odon þæt rice and þæt setl, þæt hi on wuniað on heofonan rices wuldre mid þam ylcum dædum þe us alyfede syndon, gyf we us sylfe ne forgymleasiað godra dæda.

c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 23 We sceolon tocnawæn hwæt we us sylfe beoð, na hwæt we sylfe habbæð.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 7273 We wulleð makien muchel fæht..oðer we us-seoluen of-slaȝen wulleð liggen.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Rom. viii. 23 We vs silf sorwen with ynne vs the adopcioun of Goddis sones, that is..the staat of Goddis sones bi grace.

c1450 (c1400) Bk. Vices & Virtues (Huntington) (1942) 230 (MED) God..wot what vs nedeþ better þan we vsself cunnen.

1998 G. Jones Healing 14 He say when he preach it ain't to work us salvation for us, we's got to work us salvation usself.

II. Reflexive uses.

3. As direct or indirect object or as the object of a preposition.In Old English this collocation represents reflexive ūs with forms of self in agreement with the personal pronoun.

ΚΠ

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) liii. 415 Eft hit wæs gecweden ðurh sanctus Paulus: Ðær we us selfum demden, ðonne ne demde us no God.

OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) xiv. 243 Þonne bið sio sægdnes soðlice Gode andfenge gif we us selfe ærest Gode ælmyhtigum onsecgan willað.

c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 198 Þeah þa [read þe] ða deade ban of þare buriȝnes specon ne maȝon, þeah we maȝen us sylfæn bi þam læren.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12970 Uss ne birrþ uss sellfenn nohht. Þurrh modiȝnesse shæwenn.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 157 We wreieð wel her & demeð her us seoluen.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Baruch i. 13 Fynde we grace in þe siȝte of hem & for vsself preieþ to þe lord oure god.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §273 If þ^t we seyn þ^t we be w^t oute synne, we deceyuen vs selue.

c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 278 Oure fredom forto reule vs silf bi oure owne resoun and wil..wiþoute an oþer man to be ouer comaunder or constreyner.

1859 B. Brierley in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 49 So we crope up th' slates, an plankt ussel' deawn ut th' top.1881 S. Evans Evans's Leicestershire Words (new ed.) 283 Us-sen, ourselves.?1937 L. Pollard Interview in C. L. Perdue et al. Weevils in Wheat (1976) 227 Dey was peach trees..dat us could have fo usself.1963 H. Orton & W. J. Halliday Surv. Eng. Dial. I. iii. 1094 [Lancashire] əzsɛl (= ourselves).1994 A. Kellett Yorks. Dict. 192/2 Us-sen, ourselves.2009 S. Briscoe Death of Plantation 60 Prayers can't do evvything; us got to do some things fer usself.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	us self
释义	us selfpron. Brit. /ʌˈsɛlf/, /əˈsɛlf/, U.S. /əˈsɛlf/ Forms: α. Old English us selfe (accusative), Old English us sylfe (accusative), Middle English hus seolue, Middle English ous self, Middle English ous selue, Middle English ousselve, Middle English ous silve, Middle English us self, Middle English us seolue, Middle English us silf, Middle English us sulf, Middle English vsself, Middle English vs self, Middle English vs selfe, Middle English vs selff, Middle English vs selue, Middle English vsselue, Middle English vs selve, Middle English vs silf, Middle English vs sulue, Middle English vssylve; regional and nonstandard 1800s ussel' (English regional (northern and north midlands)), 1900s– usself, 1900s– us self. β. Old English us selfum (dative), Old English us silfum (dative), Old English us sylfum (dative), late Old English–early Middle English us sylfen, early Middle English us sylfæn, Middle English us seluan, Middle English us seluen, Middle English us selwen, Middle English us seoluen, Middle English us soluen, Middle English uss sellfenn ( Ormulum), Middle English us suluen, Middle English vs seluen; English regional (northern and north midlands) 1800s– us-sen. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: us pron., self pron. Etymology: < us pron. + self pron. Compare self pron. 2b, 2c. Compare later ourself pron.Old English ūs selfe (accusative), ūs selfum (dative) represent inflected forms of wē selfe ( < we pron. + self pron.); the latter survives into Middle English in emphatic use (see weself pron.). There is also a distinct Old English construction ūs selfe (in apposition to the subjective pronoun wē ), in which selfe is in the nominative in agreement with the subject of the sentence, with the personal pronoun ūs representing a kind of reflexive or ethical dative (compare early quots. at sense 2, and discussion at thyself pron.). In the paradigm of Old English wē selfe the forms of self pron. are plural and agree in case with the personal pronoun; such forms are continued in Middle English forms like we selve , us selven , our selve , etc., which show a voiced fricative. Forms showing word-final voiceless fricative (as in weself pron., us self and modern standard English ourself pron.) reflect substitution of uninflected self (see discussion at self pron.). In modern regional use probably showing an alteration of ourself pron. (compare forms at that entry), rather than a continuation of the Middle English use. Compare likewise the English regional forms usselves , ussels , ussens , etc. (see Eng. Dial. Dict. at ussels reflexive pronoun, ussen(s reflexive pron. and C. Upton et al. Surv. Eng. Dial.: Dict. & Gram. (1994) 489) and the U.S. regional and nonstandard forms (chiefly in African-American usage) usselves , us-selves , etc., all of which probably show similar alterations of ourselves pron.:1844 Family of Seisers I. 138 Let's buy a penny 'orth to comfort usselves.1864 B. Brierley Layrock of Langley-side 99 We're putting ussels forrud.1937 C. Crawley Interview 20 Feb. in C. L. Perdue et al. Weevils in Wheat (1976) 78 Well now, we worked here an' we bought uselves a home an' paid fer it.1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 330/2 Us'll do it usselns.2008 R. Raisin God's Own Country viii. 58 We put usselves down behind the top of one of the hills, bellied on the grass. In later use English regional (northern and north midlands) and U.S. regional and nonstandard (chiefly in African-American usage). Emphatic and reflexive pronoun, corresponding to we, us. See ourself pron., ourselves pron. I. Emphatic uses. †1. Used instead of the objective pronoun us as the object of a verb or preposition. Obsolete.In quot. 1258, in absolute construction representing the Latin ablative and with singular referent. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Homily (Trin. Cambr. B.15.34) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 77 Ne synd na emlice þissere tide þrowunga þam toweardum wuldre, þe bið geswutelod on us sylfum þonne, þæt is on heofonan rice. OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1052 Betwyx us sylfum to mycclum forwyrde. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 156 Þe þridde þing is þet schrift deð us seoluen þe frut of þes oþre twa & end eð ham baðe, þet is, makeð us godes children. 1258 Proclam. Henry III in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1868–9) 21 We senden ȝew þis writ open iseined wiþ vre seel... Witnesse vs seluen æt Lunden..In þe Twoandfowertiȝþe ȝeare of vre cruninge. c1330 (?c1300) Reinbrun (Auch.) in J. Zupitza Guy of Warwick (1891) 662 (MED) Þar-to þe treuþe pliȝte me Betwene vs-selue to. a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 135 (MED) It shalnot only be goode to owre prince, but also to vs selff, that he be well indowed. 2. In apposition to the first person plural pronoun we: for our part; personally; as far as we are concerned. Now rare.In Old English probably originally with ūs as a kind of reflexive or ethical dative followed by emphatic selfe in agreement with the subject wē. ΚΠ eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xlix. 375 Ac ðonne we doð ægðer, ge we ða wætru todælað æfter kyninga herestrætum, ge eac us selfe habbað [L. tamen soli possidemus]. lOE Homily (Corpus Cambr. 302) in J. Bazire & J. E. Cross Eleven Old Eng. Rogationtide Homilies (1989) 71 We þonne leornodon þæt hi geear[n]odon þæt rice and þæt setl, þæt hi on wuniað on heofonan rices wuldre mid þam ylcum dædum þe us alyfede syndon, gyf we us sylfe ne forgymleasiað godra dæda. c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 23 We sceolon tocnawæn hwæt we us sylfe beoð, na hwæt we sylfe habbæð. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 7273 We wulleð makien muchel fæht..oðer we us-seoluen of-slaȝen wulleð liggen. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Rom. viii. 23 We vs silf sorwen with ynne vs the adopcioun of Goddis sones, that is..the staat of Goddis sones bi grace. c1450 (c1400) Bk. Vices & Virtues (Huntington) (1942) 230 (MED) God..wot what vs nedeþ better þan we vsself cunnen. 1998 G. Jones Healing 14 He say when he preach it ain't to work us salvation for us, we's got to work us salvation usself. II. Reflexive uses. 3. As direct or indirect object or as the object of a preposition.In Old English this collocation represents reflexive ūs with forms of self in agreement with the personal pronoun. ΚΠ eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) liii. 415 Eft hit wæs gecweden ðurh sanctus Paulus: Ðær we us selfum demden, ðonne ne demde us no God. OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) xiv. 243 Þonne bið sio sægdnes soðlice Gode andfenge gif we us selfe ærest Gode ælmyhtigum onsecgan willað. c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 198 Þeah þa [read þe] ða deade ban of þare buriȝnes specon ne maȝon, þeah we maȝen us sylfæn bi þam læren. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12970 Uss ne birrþ uss sellfenn nohht. Þurrh modiȝnesse shæwenn. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 157 We wreieð wel her & demeð her us seoluen. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Baruch i. 13 Fynde we grace in þe siȝte of hem & for vsself preieþ to þe lord oure god. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §273 If þ^t we seyn þ^t we be w^t oute synne, we deceyuen vs selue. c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 278 Oure fredom forto reule vs silf bi oure owne resoun and wil..wiþoute an oþer man to be ouer comaunder or constreyner. 1859 B. Brierley in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 49 So we crope up th' slates, an plankt ussel' deawn ut th' top.1881 S. Evans Evans's Leicestershire Words (new ed.) 283 Us-sen, ourselves.?1937 L. Pollard Interview in C. L. Perdue et al. Weevils in Wheat (1976) 227 Dey was peach trees..dat us could have fo usself.1963 H. Orton & W. J. Halliday Surv. Eng. Dial. I. iii. 1094 [Lancashire] əzsɛl (= ourselves).1994 A. Kellett Yorks. Dict. 192/2 Us-sen, ourselves.2009 S. Briscoe Death of Plantation 60 Prayers can't do evvything; us got to do some things fer usself. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < pron.eOE
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