vaultn.¹

Brit.

/vɔːlt/,

/vɒlt/, U.S.

/vɔlt/,

/vɑlt/

Forms: α. Middle English–1500s voute (Middle English woute), Middle English–1500s (1800s Scottish) vout (Middle English wout); Middle English–1500s vowte (Middle English wowte), Middle English (1800s Scottish) vowt; Middle English voghte ( woȝte), 1500s vowght, vought. β. Middle English (1500s Scottish) woult, 1500s voulte, voult; Middle English–1600s volt (Middle English Scottish volut), Middle English–1500s wolte, Scottish wolt. γ. Middle English vavte, Middle English–1600s vawte, vaute; Middle English–1600s vaut (Middle English vavtt), vawt, 1500s vaught, vawght, wautt. δ. 1500s valte, vaulte, valt, 1500s– vault.

Etymology: < Old French voute, voulte, volte, vaulte, vaute (modern French voûte ), = Provençal volta , vouta , vota , Italian volta , Portuguese volta < popular Latin *volta , participial noun < Latin volvĕre to turn. Compare volt n.It is not clear at what date the l finally established itself in the standard pronunciation of this word and vault n.², together with the related verbs, etc. As in the case of fault, there is some tendency towards the use of a short vowel /vɒlt/ in all the forms.

a. A structure of stones or bricks so combined as to support each other over a space and serve as a roof or covering to this; an arched surface covering some space or area in the interior of a building, and usually supported by walls or pillars; an arched roof or ceiling.The two chief varieties are the barrel or cylindric(al) vault and the groined vault.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [noun] > types of roof generally

vaulta1387

plat-roofa1425

pend1454

faunsere1460

compassed roofa1552

terrace1572

sotie1578

crown1588

arch-roof1594

arch1609

under-roof1611

concameration1644

voltoa1660

hip roof1663

French roof1669

oversail1673

jerkinhead1703

mansard1704

curb-roof1733

shed roof1736

gable roof1759

gambrel roof1761

living roof1792

pent roof1794

span-roof1823

wagon-head1823

azotea1824

rafter roof1825

rooflet1825

wagon-vault1835

bell-roof1842

spire-roof1842

cradle-roof1845

packsaddle roof1845

open roof1847

umbrella roof1847

gambrel1848

packsaddle1848

compass-roof1849

saddleback1849

saddle roof1850

curbed roof1866

wagon-roof1866

saw-tooth roof1900

trough roof1905

skillion roof1911

north-light roof1923

shell roof1954

green roof1984

knee-roof-

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > vault

vaulta1387

α.

1387 in J. D. Marwick Charters Edinb. (1871) 35 The voute abovyn Sant Stevinys auter.

1424 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 58 Þe voute of Okeham stepil.

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 454 In a were tyme þai war sett aboue a vowte in þe kurk.

1491 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 181 To the massonis of the Palis, in drink~siluer for the pendin of three voutis, iij vnicornis.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Esdras xvi. 59 He spredeth out the heauen like a vowte.

1539–40 in Devon Notes & Queries (1903) Oct. 238 Hewyng of tymber for the lytell chamber vought att Powderham.

1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Camera, a vowte.

1828 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch x. 89 Feint a hair cared he about auld kirks, or kirkyards, or vouts, or through-stanes.

1901 R. De B. Trotter Galloway Gossip Eighty Years Ago 239 He..cam on a vowt biggit wi' stane an lime.

β. c1400 Sc. Trojan War ii. 2434 It had vnder erd but weir Standand woltis & cavis seir.1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. viii. 114 Sa sairly knyt that maner embuchement Semyt to be a clos volt quhar thai went.a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 14 The riche Cardinal of Winchester gildid all the Floures and Knottes in the Voulte of the Chirch.1563 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 247 The wallis..ar revin, and the volt thair~throw partit, neir hand the ane side from the uther.γ. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 81 Vawtes of stoonwerk wonderliche i-wrouȝt.a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 7197 Þe toures maken, & þe torels, Vavtes, Alures, & þe kirnels.1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxviii. 581 See you yonder vawte by the grete hous?1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 476 Enuawtyd with rubies the vawte was of this place.1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xvi. 50 b There are conduit pypes.., supported some by vautes, and othersom by..pillars.1609 Bible (Douay) I. 1 Kings vii. 3 He decked the whole vaut with bordes of ceder.a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1883) II. 66 The walls, vautes,..and windows they razed and teare a down.δ. 1545 Bibliotheca Eliotæ Arcus,..the vault of a roufe.1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxiiij^v They set a young man..aboue ouer the vaulte of the churche.1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xxiv. 65 The arcenal..hath neare an hundreth arches or vaultes to builde and hale the gallies vnder couer and drye.1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies ii. xiii. 112 With a slender covering of mats or straw, they are better preserved from the heate, than in Spaine vnder a roofe of wood, or a vault of stone.1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 32 I did intend here to have added something about the Arching of Vaults, but..shall..omit speaking of Vaults in this Exercise.1751 T. Gray Elegy x. 7 The long-drawn isle and fretted vault.1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 13 The vault of the king's own chapel at St. James's.1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor vii, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 121 The shadow of the ribbed and darksome vault with which veneration..had canopied its source.1845 J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 4) I. 396 In groined vaults the arches which cross each other do not always correspond in width.

b. transferred. An arching roof or covering resembling a structure of this kind.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > [noun] > like a vault or dome

vault1530

cope1667

dome1726

umbrella type1913

1530 tr. Caesar Commentaryes xii. 14 vii Legions made in a maner a vaut to hyde them.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 405 A man shall see the drops of water become stone, as they hang to the very vaults of the rocke.

1706 J. Addison Rosamond ii. iv At length the bowery vaults appear!

1773 J. Hawkesworth Acct. Voy. Southern Hemisphere II. i. xvi. 172 They frequently passed under vaults, formed by fragments of the rock.

1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 557 The net is tightened.., and forms a grand vault over the whole cherry garden.

1872 J. Ruskin Eagle's Nest §137 The coloured segments of globe out of which foam is constituted, are portions of spherical vaults constructed of fluent particles.

1877 W. C. Bryant Little People 151 And now the white walls widened, and the vault Swelled upward, like some vast cathedral dome.

c. The apparent concave surface formed by the sky. Chiefly poetic and usually with defining terms.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > sky, heavens > [noun]

roofeOE

welkinc825

heaveneOE

heightOE

heavenOE

liftOE

loftOE

welkin1122

skies?a1289

firmamentc1290

skewa1300

spherea1300

skewsc1320

hemispherec1374

cope of heavenc1380

clouda1400

skya1425

elementc1485

axle-treea1522

scrowc1540

pole1572

horizona1577

vaulta1586

round?1593

the cope1596

pend1599

floor1600

canopy1604

cope1609

expansion1611

concameration1625

convex1627

concave1635

expansum1635

blue1647

the expanse1667

blue blanket1726

empyrean1727

carry1788

span1803

overhead1865

a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David (1823) xix. vii His [the sun's] race is ev'n, from endes of heav'n, About that vault he goeth.

1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 1229 From whence he vewes..Whatso the heauen in his wide vawte containes.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xxiv. 255 Had I your tongues and eyes, I would vse them so, That heauens vault should cracke.

1656 A. Cowley Nemæan Ode in Pindaric Odes ii Through earth, and ayr, and Seas, and up to th' heavenly Vault.

1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace i. vi. 3 This Vault of Air, this congregated Ball, Self-centered Sun, and Stars that rise and fall.

1782 W. Cowper Hope in Poems 145 When evening turns the blue vault grey.

1840 D. Lardner Treat. Geom. 215 The intersection of the plane of the water with the hemispherical celestial vault.

1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 229 The vault of the nocturnal sky.

1874 A. H. Sayce Princ. Compar. Philol. viii. 331 The bright vault of heaven.

d. Anatomy. One or other of certain concave structures or surfaces normally facing downwards.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > indentation or cavity > [noun] > depression or cavity

pita1275

holec1300

cella1398

den1398

follicle?a1425

purse?a1425

pocketa1450

fossac1475

cystis1543

trench1565

conceptory1576

vesike1577

vesicle1578

vault1594

socket1601

bladderet1615

cistern1615

cavern1626

ventricle1641

bladder1661

antrum1684

conceptaculum1691

capsule1693

cellule1694

loculus1694

sinus1704

vesicula1705

vesica1706

fosse1710

pouch1712

cyst1721

air chamber1725

fossula1733

alveole1739

sac1741

sacculus1749

locule1751

compartment1772

air cell1774

fossule1803

umbilicus1811

conceptacle1819

cœlia1820

utricle1822

air sac1835

saccule1836

ampulla1845

vacuole1853

scrobicule1880

faveolus1882

1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 150 Vessels and instruments, which serue the brayne,..amongest the which there is..another called a Vault, both in respect of the fashion and of the vse.

1831 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) 95 This vault is formed by the nasal bones and the nasal processes of the maxillary bones.

1831 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) 423 The posterior lobes and the vault of the hemispheres of the cerebrum.

1849 H. Miller Foot-prints of Creator 49 The upper and middle portions of the cranial vault.

1875 Encycl. Brit. I. 812/2 He..distinguishes the posterior pillars of the vault from the pedes hippocampi.

a. An enclosed space covered with an arched roof; esp. a lower or underground apartment or portion of a building constructed in this form.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room by situation > [noun] > underground room or cellar

undercroft1395

vault1396

cellar?a1400

siler1548

crypta1563

hypogee1656

hypogeum1706

souterrain1733

favissa1736

cellar room1743

undervaulting1823

serdab1842

semi-basement1905

dunny1906

α., β.

1396–7 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1901) III. 600 Pro cariac.[ione] 6^xx lad. petr.[arum]..pro le vout.

14.. Dorothe 101 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 192 Sche scholde not scape so sone, he thowȝt; He put here in prison in a voghte.

c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine iv. 1195 Alle the preson, whiche had vowtes seuene, Was light that tyme right of his presens.

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. iii. sig. n.iiii The buyldynge of olde antiquite In cellers and lowe voultes, and halles of realte.

1554–5 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1913) X. 268 To ressave voultis fra the monkes to put in lyme.

1558 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1913) X. 432 For carying of the foirsaid furnesing..to ane wolt.

1616 Extr. Aberd. Rec. (1898) II. 339 To mack ane hewin doir in the mid wall, betuixt the northmest voult and the southermest voult.

γ. 1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 153 He commaundid to kepe his chylde..and that hit were Enclosid in a vaut of stone.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur Pref. 2 The grete stones & meruaylous werkys of yron lyeng vnder the grounde & ryal vautes.?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. hh.i Than went we doune to an other vaute.1534 in Archaeologia Cantiana (1868) 7 286 In the Vawt where the Moncks do dyne. j olde table [etc.].1584 Rep. Commissioners & Decree Star-Chamber regarding Printers & Stationers 11 in J. P. Collier Illustr. Early Eng. Pop. Lit. (1863) II. That no presse be vsed in vaut or secret place, but such as may easily and openly be found in search.1601 T. Campion in P. Rosseter Bk. of Ayres i. xviii. sig. F2 That man needes neither towers..Nor secret vautes to flie From thunders violence.figurative.?1545 J. Bale 2nd Pt. Image Both Churches ii. sig. Oiij^v So throwynge themselues into a most confuse Chaos or vawte of doubtfull dottage.δ. 1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1892) 77 These vaultes are alltogether neclected.1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 84 They make their little Vaults very quickly, and in building of them use Timber as with us.1698 J. Keill Exam. Theory Earth (1734) 117 In Vaults and Caves there is no sensible alteration of heat in Summer and Winter.1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. i. 11 From the steps, they proceeded through a passage, adjoining the vaults.1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xi. 113 The thermometer inside was at + 90°, and the vault [= hut] measured fifteen feet by six.

b. A place of this kind used as a cellar or storeroom for provisions or liquors.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > place for storing food > [noun]

cellar?c1225

larderc1305

pantrya1325

butleryc1325

spencec1386

larder-house1390

aumbrya1398

lardinera1400

meatfettle1440

spinde1481

selyer1483

pantyr?a1500

vault1500

eschansonnery1514

lardrya1552

lard-house1555

coveyc1593

brine-house1594

dispense1622

reservatory1647

provedore1694

ice cellar1735

spring house1755

provision house1787

futtah1834

pataka1842

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > [noun] > storage place

butteryc1384

vault1500

1500 in J. Latimer Merch. Vent. Bristol (1903) 34 In his mansion or shop or in celers or vawts y^t he holdeth..in fee.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 43 In our dayes we vse to keepe both Wine and Grayne in suche vaultes.

1600 T. Nashe Summers Last Will 1188 Bacchus, for thou abusest so earths fruits, Impris'ned liue in cellars and in vawtes.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 45 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors Most of them three Stories high, with very noble Lodgings, Store-Houses, Vaults and Stables belonging to them.

1699 J. Pomfret Choice in Poems I'd have a little Vault, but always stor'd With the best Wines each Vintage could afford.

1735 J. Swift Panegyrick on D— in Wks. II. 285 When to the Vault you walk in State, In Quality of Butler's Mate.

1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 97 Among other cellars, there is one which perhaps has not its equal... This vault communicates with another.

1880 M. E. Braddon Just as I Am xxxvi The wine cellar at the Homestead was not a stately vault.

figurative.a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. iii. 95 The Wine of Life is drawne, and the meere Lees Is left this Vault, to brag of.

†a. An arched space under the floor of a church, used for ecclesiastical purposes; a crypt.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > crypt > [noun]

undercroft1395

crowd1399

vaultc1400

shrouds1550

crypta1563

crypt1583

grot1658

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xiv. 61 Vnder þe kirk also es a vowte, whare Cristen men dwellez.

1480 W. Worcester in J. Nasmith Itineraria (1778) 176 The second way goth rygh est by the woult of Seynt Johnys chyrch.

1503–4 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 252 Payd for a stay bar of yerryn to stay the Nev pevys [= pews] in to þe vavtt.

1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. xxij^v A very fayre churche..wherin we descendyd into a wonder fayre vaught.

b. A burial chamber (originally with arched roof), usually altogether or partly under ground.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > burial-chamber > [noun] > vault

vault1548

dormitory1634

burial-vault1766

chamber1799

1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxiij After he was remoued to Winsore, and there in a new vawte newly intumilate.

1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet v. iii. 86 Here lies Iuliet, and her bewtie makes This Vault a feasting presence full of light.

1606 W. Birnie Blame of Kirk-buriall x. sig. C4 For some there was that to the imitation of Abraham, made vp little caues or voltes, for buriall vse.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 379 Hee purposed..that his bones should bee bestowed in an arched vault made under the chancell of Saint Peters Church in Oxford.

1722 London Gaz. No. 6084/7 The Body was deposited in the Vault.

1749 in Minutes of Evid. Nairne Peerage (1873) 81 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. A) XII. 65 Mrs. Jean Mercer..lyes..opposite to the Duke of Roxburghs vault.

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 133 In as few years their few successors will go to the family vault of ‘all the Capulets’.

1832 W. Irving Alhambra I. 187 ‘Now,’ said the priest, ‘you must help me to bring forth the bodies that are to be buried in this vault’.

1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 37/1 A vault cannot properly be made either in the church or churchyard, without the consent of the ordinary.

1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 37/1 A vault may be attached by prescription to a mansion.

1870 F. R. Wilson Archit. Surv. Churches Lindisfarne 61 The vaults beneath the Chancel, sometimes called the dead-house.

†4.

a. A covered conduit for carrying away water or filth; a drain or sewer. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > provision of sewers > [noun] > sewer

cockey1390

gutterc1440

soughc1440

sew1475

withdraught1493

sink1499

syre1513

closet1531

draught1533

vault1533

drain1552

fleet1583

issue1588

drainer1598

guzzle1598

shore1598

sewer1609

vennel1641

cloaca1656

cuniculus1670

pend1817

thurrock1847

sewer line1977

1533 MS. Rawl. D. 776 lf. 131 b Makyng of new vawtis of bryk to Conevaye the water Commyng frome the leades of the said Castell vnder the said new wharff.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1607 The water..Gosshet through Godardys & other grete vautes, And clensit by course all þe clene Cite.

1567 in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. iii. 154 The gouernors..shall viewe the comen Sewer or vawt at the seid house.

1596 J. Harington New Disc. Aiax sig. D7 A goodly Iakes within the Towne, with a vault to conuey all the filth into Tyber.

a1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 353 The streetes..having many Vaults, and conveyances under them for the sullage.

†b. A cistern. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > constructed reservoir > cistern

cisternessea1325

cistern1382

spurgelc1450

sestern1534

vault1552

reservoir1728

impluvium1823

well-cistern1869

feed-tank1886

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Vault or place to receaue rayne water, impluuium.

†c. A necessary-house; a privy. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun]

gongOE

privy?c1225

room-housec1275

chamber foreignc1300

wardrobea1325

privy chamberc1325

foreignc1390

siegec1400

stool1410

jakes1432

house of easementa1438

kocayc1440

siege-hole1440

siege-house1440

privy house1463

withdraught1493

draught1530

shield1535

bench-hole1542

common house1542

stool1542

jakes house1547

boggard1552

house of office?1560

purging place1577

little house1579

issue1588

Ajax1596

draught-house1597

private1600

necessary house1612

vault1617

longhouse1622

latrine1623

necessary1633

commonsa1641

gingerbread officea1643

boghouse1644

cloaca1645

passage-house1646

retreat1653

shithouse1659

closet of ease1662

garderobe1680

backside1704

office1727

bog?1731

house of ease1734

cuz-john1735

easing-chair1771

backhouse1800

outhouse1819

netty1825

petty1848

seat of ease1850

closet1869

bathroom1883

crapper1927

lat1927

shouse1941

biffy1942

shitholec1947

toot1965

shitter1967

woodshed1974

1617 J. Taylor Three Weekes Observ. in Wks. (1630) 80/2 The Hangman..hath the emptying of all the vaults or draughts in the city.

1665 Orders Ld. Mayor London in D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year (1722) 54 That no Nightman..be suffered to empty a Vault into any Garden.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Vault, an..House of Office.

a. A natural cavern, cave, or overarched space; †a deep hole or pit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun]

dalea800

piteOE

dike847

hollowc897

hole946

seathc950

delfOE

hollc1050

ditchc1275

lakec1320

holetc1380

slacka1500

dell1531

vault1535

pit-hole1583

delve1590

lough1672

sinusa1676

gap1696

self-lough1700

scoop1780

cup1819

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > cave

covec950

denOE

cavec1220

rochea1300

spelunk13..

cavernc1374

cabin1377

speke1377

antruma1398

minea1398

thurse-house?c1450

crypt?a1475

vault1535

chamber1575

antre1585

underground1594

Peak1600

lustre?1615

open?1644

cunicle1657

subterranean1714

subterrane1759

loch1767

purgatory1797

vug1818

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. vii. C These shall come, and shal light all in the valeyes, in y^e vowtes of stone.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1413/2 The hole or vaut being sometimes filled with water, and otherwhiles neither bottome, trees, or water maie be perceiued.

1593 J. Norden Speculum Brit.: Cornwall (1728) 40 A holl or deepe vaute in the grounde wherinto the sea floweth at high water verie farr under the earth.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 11 This City is of a round forme, compassed of all sides with Mountaines, having many Vauts or Caves under it.

1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 100 Some should dig Vaults and Holes in the Earth, as Rabbets, to secure themselves and their Young.

1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 274 In the burning entrails of which..the fire-consumed Ætnean vaults incessantly thunder.

1854 D. Brewster More Worlds iii. 61 It is from the deep vaults to which primæval life has been consigned that the history of the dawn of life is to be composed.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. v. 38 The vault at the end of the glacier.

in extended use.1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 29 Moreouer in the interiour part of the wrest, we finde a broad, and deepe cauitie,..through the which are concurrent, not a small number of tendons of Muscles, to be inserted to the ioyntes of the fingers. And in this vawte, or hollow, they seeme as it were included, or locked vp.

†b. to go to the vault: (see quot. 1575). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Lagomorpha (rabbits and hares) > [verb (intransitive)] > go underground

to go to the vault1575

1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lix. 165 I haue seene [hares] that woulde take the ground like a Coney, (whiche is called goyng to the vault) when they haue bene hunted.

6. technical. The inner portion of a steel furnace.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > other parts of furnaces

sump1673

stoking-hole1683

stoking-place1744

mid-feather1748

bottoming hole1815

trunnel-head1819

keystone1821

vault1825

well1825

nose-hole1832

fore-stone1839

nose1839

tongs-carriage1839

tunnel-head1843

glory-hole1849

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 341 Inside the conical building is a smaller furnace, called the vault, built of fire~brick or stone... D D, in the section, is the dome of the vault.

1884 W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron 409 The temperature in each furnace is regulated by closing or opening the small flues in the arch of the vault.

Compounds

General attributive.

C1.

vault beam n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > vaulting > pier or beam

vault beam1611

vaulting pier1830

vaulting pillar1830

vaulting shaft1830

vault pier1905

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings vi. 9 (margin) [He covered] the vault beams and the sielings with Cedar.

vault-cover n.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2694/1 A vault-cover with glass bull's-eyes or prisms.

vault door n.

ΚΠ

1553–4 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1871) II. 345 Ane greit loke to the wolt dure of Sanct Thomas ile.

vault fashion n.

ΚΠ

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Vaultyng or makyng a worke..vault fascion, concameratio.

vault height n.

ΚΠ

1616 Extr. Aberd. Rec. (1848) II. 338 The said Thomas..sall big the same of the breidth of the haill tolbuith quhill it be voult hight.

vault pier n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > vaulting > pier or beam

vault beam1611

vaulting pier1830

vaulting pillar1830

vaulting shaft1830

vault pier1905

1905 F. Bond Gothic Archit. 58 Nowhere is the result plainer than in the construction of the Gothic vault pier.

vault-prayer n.

ΚΠ

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1959) V. 219 As vapors and winds shut up in Vaults, engender Earth-quakes; so these particular spirits in their Vault-Prayers, and Cellar-Service, shake the Pillars of State and Church.

vault-roof n.

ΚΠ

1887 R. Browning Parleyings in Wks. (1907) XVI. 113 Vault~roof reverberates, groans the ground!

vault-room n.

ΚΠ

1843 W. L. Tizard Theory & Pract. Brewing 469 The brewer..who possesses storage, cellarage, or vault-room.

vault-shell n.

ΚΠ

1890 C. H. Moore Devel. & Char. Gothic Archit. ii. 52 Arches which..sustain the vault shells.

vault-stone n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > stone for other specific building use > piece of

pendant1474

vault-stone1480

table stone1554

course-stone1610

rustic1797

arch-stone1828

courser1885

1480 W. Caxton Trevisa's Higden (1527) i. xlviii. 47 A thre chambred hous made of vawte stones.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Vault The several Voussoirs, or Vault-Stones whereof it [sc. an arch] consists.

1899 H. Sutcliffe Shameless Wayne ii. 14 The..vault-stone stared blue and cold at the cold moon.

vault-treason n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > a plot > specific plots

bye1603

vault-treasona1610

Screw Plot1710

Gunpowder Plot1796

a1610 G. Babington Comf. Notes: Num. in Wks. (1615) ii. 46 That late thrice-damnable Powder-Treason, or Vault-Treason: What name might it haue answerable to the iniquitie of it?

vault-work n.

ΚΠ

1614 S. Purchas Pilgrimage vi. v. 584 This Temple was borne vp with Vault-worke.

1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 35/2 Pit-sand..they use..in Vault-work, but not in plaistering.

C2.

vault-like adj.

ΚΠ

1848 C. Dickens Haunted Man i. 4 His dwelling was so solitary and vault-like.

1858 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 24 Jan. in French & Italian Notebks. (1980) i. 49 Whenever we emerged into the vault-like streets, we were wretchedly cold.

vault-wise adv.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [adverb] > in manner of vault

vault-wise1585

in full centre1695

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xxi. 58 [A] building round & strongly set vp vawtwise in form of the Hemispherike.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Retombe,..a flat vault, or a roome thats made vault-wise.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 67 Their Cabans, or Huts, which are covered vault-wise, are built half underground.

1844 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 56 208 Every brilliant pair finished..was briskly strung up on cobwebs, with which the cart, vaultwise, was interwoven.

Draft additions July 2011

A secure room or series of rooms in or beneath a bank, used for storing currency and valuables.

ΚΠ

1725 Order High Court Chancery 4 Nov. 1 The Bonds, Tallies, Orders, and Effects of the Suitors..then locked up in the Vault of the Bank of England in several chests.

1767 J. Steuart Inq. Princ. Polit. Oecon. II. iii. vi. 57 The bank money, therefore, of Amsterdam is pure money of accompt, and has nothing of merchandize in it from the metals in the vaults.

1816 Niles' Weekly Reg. 25 May 207/1 They will lodge the chest in the vault of some bank, or in some other place of secure and safe keeping.

1836 R. W. Emerson Nature iv. 38 A paper currency is employed when there is no bullion in the vaults.

1903 Bankers' Mag. Feb. 231 It could obtain a sufficient reserve to loan out the $25,000 of its own notes lying idle in its vault.

2006 R. Chandrasekaran Imperial Life in Emerald City (2007) iii. 44 Looters were perilously close to breaking into a vault under the Central Bank that housed a priceless collection of Assyrian gold.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

vaultn.²

Brit.

/vɔːlt/,

/vɒlt/, U.S.

/vɔlt/,

/vɑlt/

Forms: Also 1500s vaute.

Etymology: < vault v.² 2, < French volte.

1. An act of vaulting; a leap or spring; †spec. of harts (see quot. 1575).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > leap

vault1575

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > leaping, springing, or jumping > [noun] > a leap, spring, or jump

leapOE

startc1330

saulta1350

lope14..

launchc1440

sprenting?a1475

loup1487

springa1500

stenda1500

benda1522

sprenta1522

bounce1523

jump1552

sally1589

rise1600

bound1667

vault1728

sprinta1800

spang1817

spend1825

upleap1876

sprit1880

bunny hop1950

bunny-hop1969

1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xvii. 45 It is a pleasure, to beholde them when they goe to Rutte and make their vaute.

1610 G. Fletcher Christs Victorie 58 So on a wither'd tree he fairly set him, And helpt him fit the rope,..So thear he stands, readie to hell to make his vault.

1627 J. Taylor Armado sig. D2 What Necromanticke spelles, are Rut, Vault, Slot, Pores, and Entryes, Abatures, and Foyles.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Vault is also used for the Manages practis'd on the wooden Horse, to learn to mount and unmount with Ease and Expedition.

1868 W. R. Smith in Life (1912) iii. 94 A popular exercise is the spring vault.

1893 Outing 22 153/2 The world's record in the fence vault, and..the pole vault.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 28 May 2/1 M. Brocas fell to the ground, after his vault.

†2. = volte n. (in the manege). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > art of horse-riding > move in voltes

vault1728

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) There are some Vaults wherein the Horse makes two parallel Circles.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

vaultv.¹

Brit.

/vɔːlt/,

/vɒlt/, U.S.

/vɔlt/,

/vɑlt/

Forms: α. Middle English Scottish, Middle English voute (Middle English Scottish wout-); Middle English, 1500s vowte (Middle English vowytn), 1500s vought, 1600s Scottish wowt; 1500s volt, 1500s, 1600s Scottish, voult. β. Middle English–1500s vawte (Middle English vawth-), Middle English–1600s vaut(e, 1500s vaught. γ. 1500s vaulten, vaulte, valte, 1500s– vault.

Etymology: < Old French vouter, voulter, volter, vaulter (modern French voûter ), < voute , etc., vault n.¹

a. transitive. To construct with, to cover in with, a vault or arched roof. Also with over.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [verb (transitive)] > vault

vault1387

concamerate1611

camerate1623

cove1817

α.

1387 in J. D. Marwick Charters Edinb. (1871) 35 The forsaidys..sal mak and voute v. chapellis on the south syde of the paryce kyrc of Edynburgh.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms ciii. 3 Thou voltest it aboue with waters.

1616 Extr. Aberd. Rec. (1848) II. 338 The said Thomas..sall voult ouer the nethermest voultis the hight of the tolbuith fluir.

a1656 R. Gordon Geneal. Hist. Earldom of Sutherland (1813) 509 The Earl..finished the great tour the same yeir, wowting it to the top.

β. 1511–12 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 478 They can..vawte the chirch..after the fourme of a platte ther~for devised.1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 42^v They doo vaute the floore with Bryckes.1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1714/1 Sir William Chester..and John Calthrop..couered and vauted the towne ditch from Aldersgate to Newgate.γ. 1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis i. v. 12 The first builders of this house vaulted vnder the ground a secret way vnknowne to any..but my selfe.1650 Earl of Monmouth tr. J. F. Senault Man become Guilty 303 The Concavity of Trees hung in the aire, hath taught our Architects to vault buildings.1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 73/2 What-ever sort of Arch you vault your Bridge with.1829 W. L. Bowles Days Departed (ed. 2) 8 Ask of the Geologist How Nature, vaulting the rude chamber, scoop'd Its vast recesses.1848 G. S. Hillard in Life Longf. (1891) II. 111 But to combine them all, to vault them with such a sky,..this is not easy.1894 S. Baring-Gould Deserts S. France II. 104 The various attempts made to vault the naves.

b. In past participle used predicatively. (Cf. vaulted adj.)

ΚΠ

α.

1387 in J. D. Marwick Charters Edinb. (1871) 35 The fyfte chapel woutyt with a durre.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) iii. 17 And undre theise Stages ben Stables wel y-vowted for the Emperours Hors.

1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy ii. 689 Fresche alures with lusty hiȝe pynacles,..Vowted aboue like reclinatories.

1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. xviij^v There is a fayre large Chapell well voughted & lyghted by many Lampes brennynge.

a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) II. 22 A right fair and costely Peace of Worke..made al of Stone and curiusly voultid.

β. 1434 Indenture Fotheringhey in W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum (1846) VI. 1414/2 Three strong and mighty arches vawthid with stoon.1448 King Henry VI in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 356 .ij. chambres aboue, vauted.1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. lxxxix. 99/1 The houses within were well vawted with stone, so that the engynes nor spryngalles dyd the men but small domage.1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. ii. f. 105^v He caused an oxe to be made of wood, inwardly vauted and hollow within.1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion iii. Illustr. 53 Chedder cleeues, rockey and vauted, by continual distilling, is the fountain of a forcible stream.γ. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iii. 82 Narrow Vales, vaulted about with Hills.1615 J. Loiseau de Tourval tr. H. de Feynes Exact Surv. E. Indies 10 The said place is all vaulted about with Porches.1686 A. Wood Life 10 July Buried..in a grave brickt and vaulted over with bricks.1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 165 The inside is vaulted, and is large enough for the reception of eight or ten beavers.1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul Introd. 14 It was rain-water preserved in small reservoirs, vaulted over with brick and mortar.1831 W. Scott Castle Dangerous ii, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. IV. 57 The study..was..vaulted with stone.1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab v. 77 Long ranges of buildings..most solidly vaulted.

c. Of things: To form a vault over (something); to cover like a vault; to overarch.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [verb (transitive)] > form a vault or arch over

pend1535

vault1667

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 214 The dismal hiss Of fiery Darts in flaming volies flew, And flying vaulted either Host with fire.

1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece i. 70 The wall beginning to bend forward, Arch-wise, as if it were to vault a Portico.

1719 E. Young Busiris iv. 55 Have I not seen whole Armies vaulted o'er With flying Javelins?

1736 J. Wesley Jrnl. 23 Jan. (1829) I. 21 I was vaulted over with water in a moment.

1777 G. Forster Voy. round World II. 187 The tufted arbours which vaulted over the paths, are hung with beautiful flowers of all kinds.

1807 J. Barlow Columbiad vii. 255 Blaze-trailing fuses vault the night's dim round, And shells and langrage lacerate the ground.

2. absol. To construct a vault or vaults. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [verb (intransitive)] > of vault: to construct

vaultc1440

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 512/1 Vowtyn, or make a vowte, arcuo, testudino.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Vaulten or make vaultes, or arches, fornico.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Bi^v/2 To Valte, arcum ducere.

3. To bend, arch, or raise (something) after the manner of a vault.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > form curved surface [verb (transitive)] > like vault or dome

vault1552

dome1879

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Vaulten or make bente lyke a bowe, arcuor.

c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cxxxvi. 9 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 230 Whose skillfull art did vault the skies.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §376 You must Vault the Earth, whereby it may hang over them, and not touch them.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) To vault a horse-shoe, is to forge it hollow,..that the shoe, thus hollow or vaulted, may not bear upon the sole that is higher than the hoof.

1832 Ld. Tennyson Lotos-eaters: Choric Song iv, in Poems (new ed.) 113 Hateful is the darkblue sky, Vaulted o'er the darkblue sea.

1877 J. Bryce Transcaucasia & Ararat 35 Looking..across the vast expanse, with the wide blue sky vaulted over it.

†4. To make vaults or cavities under (something).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > make hollow [verb (transitive)] > beneath

underhew1523

vault1524

undercut1598

1524 R. Copland tr. J. de Bourbon Syege Cyte of Rodes in Begynnynge Ordre Knyghtes Hospytallers sig. Biiij^v Wee shall vault and vndermine your foundations in such maner, that they shalbe torne vpside downe.

5. intransitive. To curve in the form of a vault.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > form curved surface [verb (intransitive)] > like vault or dome

vault1805

dome1887

1805 ‘E. de Acton’ Nuns of Desert II. 166 The spangled arch, which vaulted to the footstool of the Throne of Mercy.

1807 J. Barlow Columbiad v. 168 A dusky deep, serene as breathless even, Seem'd vaulting downward like another heaven.

1844 R. W. Emerson Tantalus in Wks. (1906) III. 323 Her mighty orbit vaults like the fresh rainbow into the deep.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

vaultv.²

Brit.

/vɔːlt/,

/vɒlt/, U.S.

/vɔlt/,

/vɑlt/

Forms: α. 1500s vaute, 1500s–1600s vaut; 1500s vaught; 1600s vawt. β. 1500s– vault.

Etymology: apparently < Old French volter (voulter , etc.) to gambol, leap, assimilated in form to vault v.¹

1. transitive.

a. To mount (a horse) by leaping. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > mount (a horse or other animal) > mount by leaping

assaila1387

vault1538

breast1802

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Desultor,..he that can vaute [printed vaunte; 1545 vaulte] a horse, and leape frome one horsbacke vnto an other. [Cf. quot. 1531 at vaulting n.² 1.]

†b. figurative. (Cf. leap v. 9) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity with [verb (transitive)] > mount (a partner) for purpose of sexual intercourse

ridea1450

mounta1475

beleap1513

leap1530

colta1616

vaulta1616

rut1700

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. vi. 135 Should he make me Liue like Diana's Priest, betwixt cold sheets, Whiles he is vaulting variable Rampes In your despight.

c. To get over, surmount, by vaulting.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > leaping, springing, or jumping > cause to jump [verb (transitive)] > leap, spring, or jump over

leapc900

overleapeOE

freea1578

overjump1604

jump1609

overskip1629

fly1719

top1735

spring?a1775

clear1791

overbound1813

over1837

overspring1847

leap-frog1872

vault1884

1884 Kendal Mercury & Times 3 Oct. 5/1 The gate..has been locked,..so that foot passengers have to vault the gate.

1901 Munsey's Mag. 24 550/1 Rodgers vaulted the boxwood and seated himself on her veranda.

a. intransitive. To spring or leap; spec. to leap with the assistance of the hand resting on the thing to be surmounted, or with the aid of a pole.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > leaping, springing, or jumping > leap, spring, or jump [verb (intransitive)]

leapc900

startOE

reseOE

springa1275

throwc1275

upleapc1275

launch13..

aspringc1315

sault1377

lance?a1400

sprenta1400

loupc1480

lope1483

spang1513

bendc1530

jump1530

spend1533

stend1567

vaulta1568

pract1568

exult1570

bound1593

saltate1623

subsalt1623

jet1635

spoutc1650

volt1753

society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride a horse (or other animal) [verb (intransitive)] > mount > by leaping

leapc900

alightc1380

starta1470

volt1753

vault1815

α.

a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 19^v To vant [read vaut] lustely: to runne: to leape: to wrestle.

1591 T. Lodge Famous Life Duke of Normandy f. 22 He was actiue of bodie, & vaughted exceedingly well.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V v. ii. 138 If I could win thee at leapfrog, Or with vawting with my armour on my backe.

1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. 255 King Theutobocchus..was wont to vawt ouer foure, or fiue horses set together.

1621 G. Sandys tr. Ovid First Five Bks. Metamorphosis ii. 33 The generous and gallant Phaëton, All courage, vauts into the blazing Throne.

β. 1616 B. Jonson Epicœne ii. ii, in Wks. I. 540 Such a delicate steeple, i' the towne, as Bow, to vault from. 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. 155 When we addresse ourselves to prayer..let us..when we have done, not rise from the ground as if we vaulted, or were glad we had done.1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 268 In his Dances he leap'd up, and vaulted, like Phrynichus, who was celebrated for those Performances.1739 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) V. 51 Vaulting from one [horse] to the other.1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. vii. 285 In standing fight adjusting all my steps To martial measures sweet, or vaulting light Into my chariot, thence [I] can urge the foe.1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles vi. xxii. 253 Vaulting from the ground, His saddle every horseman found.1830 Ld. Tennyson Mermaid in Poems 29 I would..lightly vault from the throne and play With the mermen in and out of the rocks.1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 212 Can he vault upon swords, and turn upon a wheel.figurative.1809–10 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1865) 68 Ignorance seldom vaults into knowledge, but passes into it through an intermediate state of obscurity.1836 R. W. Emerson Nature viii, in Wks. (1906) II. 171 As if a banished king should buy his territories inch by inch, instead of vaulting at once into his throne.1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 212 (note) He was ordained priest a day or two only before he vaulted into the Archbishopric of Canterbury.

†b. = leap v. 9. Obsolete.Cf. figurative uses of vaulter n.² and vaulting n.²

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity [verb (intransitive)] > mount a partner for purpose of sexual intercourse

ridec1275

vault1575

1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xvii. 44 Harts do commonly beginne to Vault about the middest of September.

1725 New Canting Dict. To Vault, to commit Acts of Debauchery.

3. transitive. To cause to rise to or into a considerably higher position or situation.

ΚΠ

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 31 July 1/2 Nadia Comaneci's electrifying gymnastics performances vaulted her from obscurity to world-wide renown.

1977 Detroit Free Press 11 Dec. 2- d/2 Severiano Ballesteros of Spain shot a three-under-par 69 Saturday and vaulted his team into a three-stroke lead over Canada after 54 holes of the 25th World Cup Golf Championship Saturday.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

n.¹a1387

n.²1575

v.¹1387

v.²1538

单词	vault
释义	vaultn.¹ Brit. /vɔːlt/, /vɒlt/, U.S. /vɔlt/, /vɑlt/ Forms: α. Middle English–1500s voute (Middle English woute), Middle English–1500s (1800s Scottish) vout (Middle English wout); Middle English–1500s vowte (Middle English wowte), Middle English (1800s Scottish) vowt; Middle English voghte ( woȝte), 1500s vowght, vought. β. Middle English (1500s Scottish) woult, 1500s voulte, voult; Middle English–1600s volt (Middle English Scottish volut), Middle English–1500s wolte, Scottish wolt. γ. Middle English vavte, Middle English–1600s vawte, vaute; Middle English–1600s vaut (Middle English vavtt), vawt, 1500s vaught, vawght, wautt. δ. 1500s valte, vaulte, valt, 1500s– vault. Etymology: < Old French voute, voulte, volte, vaulte, vaute (modern French voûte ), = Provençal volta , vouta , vota , Italian volta , Portuguese volta < popular Latin volta , participial noun < Latin volvĕre* to turn. Compare volt n.It is not clear at what date the l finally established itself in the standard pronunciation of this word and vault n.², together with the related verbs, etc. As in the case of fault, there is some tendency towards the use of a short vowel /vɒlt/ in all the forms. 1. a. A structure of stones or bricks so combined as to support each other over a space and serve as a roof or covering to this; an arched surface covering some space or area in the interior of a building, and usually supported by walls or pillars; an arched roof or ceiling.The two chief varieties are the barrel or cylindric(al) vault and the groined vault. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [noun] > types of roof generally vaulta1387 plat-roofa1425 pend1454 faunsere1460 compassed roofa1552 terrace1572 sotie1578 crown1588 arch-roof1594 arch1609 under-roof1611 concameration1644 voltoa1660 hip roof1663 French roof1669 oversail1673 jerkinhead1703 mansard1704 curb-roof1733 shed roof1736 gable roof1759 gambrel roof1761 living roof1792 pent roof1794 span-roof1823 wagon-head1823 azotea1824 rafter roof1825 rooflet1825 wagon-vault1835 bell-roof1842 spire-roof1842 cradle-roof1845 packsaddle roof1845 open roof1847 umbrella roof1847 gambrel1848 packsaddle1848 compass-roof1849 saddleback1849 saddle roof1850 curbed roof1866 wagon-roof1866 saw-tooth roof1900 trough roof1905 skillion roof1911 north-light roof1923 shell roof1954 green roof1984 knee-roof- society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > vault vaulta1387 α. 1387 in J. D. Marwick Charters Edinb. (1871) 35 The voute abovyn Sant Stevinys auter. 1424 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 58 Þe voute of Okeham stepil. c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 454 In a were tyme þai war sett aboue a vowte in þe kurk. 1491 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 181 To the massonis of the Palis, in drink~siluer for the pendin of three voutis, iij vnicornis. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Esdras xvi. 59 He spredeth out the heauen like a vowte. 1539–40 in Devon Notes & Queries (1903) Oct. 238 Hewyng of tymber for the lytell chamber vought att Powderham. 1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Camera, a vowte. 1828 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch x. 89 Feint a hair cared he about auld kirks, or kirkyards, or vouts, or through-stanes. 1901 R. De B. Trotter Galloway Gossip Eighty Years Ago 239 He..cam on a vowt biggit wi' stane an lime. β. c1400 Sc. Trojan War ii. 2434 It had vnder erd but weir Standand woltis & cavis seir.1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. viii. 114 Sa sairly knyt that maner embuchement Semyt to be a clos volt quhar thai went.a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 14 The riche Cardinal of Winchester gildid all the Floures and Knottes in the Voulte of the Chirch.1563 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 247 The wallis..ar revin, and the volt thair~throw partit, neir hand the ane side from the uther.γ. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 81 Vawtes of stoonwerk wonderliche i-wrouȝt.a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 7197 Þe toures maken, & þe torels, Vavtes, Alures, & þe kirnels.1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxviii. 581 See you yonder vawte by the grete hous?1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 476 Enuawtyd with rubies the vawte was of this place.1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xvi. 50 b There are conduit pypes.., supported some by vautes, and othersom by..pillars.1609 Bible (Douay) I. 1 Kings vii. 3 He decked the whole vaut with bordes of ceder.a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1883) II. 66 The walls, vautes,..and windows they razed and teare a down.δ. 1545 Bibliotheca Eliotæ Arcus,..the vault of a roufe.1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxiiij^v They set a young man..aboue ouer the vaulte of the churche.1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xxiv. 65 The arcenal..hath neare an hundreth arches or vaultes to builde and hale the gallies vnder couer and drye.1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies ii. xiii. 112 With a slender covering of mats or straw, they are better preserved from the heate, than in Spaine vnder a roofe of wood, or a vault of stone.1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 32 I did intend here to have added something about the Arching of Vaults, but..shall..omit speaking of Vaults in this Exercise.1751 T. Gray Elegy x. 7 The long-drawn isle and fretted vault.1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 13 The vault of the king's own chapel at St. James's.1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor vii, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 121 The shadow of the ribbed and darksome vault with which veneration..had canopied its source.1845 J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 4) I. 396 In groined vaults the arches which cross each other do not always correspond in width. b. transferred. An arching roof or covering resembling a structure of this kind. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > [noun] > like a vault or dome vault1530 cope1667 dome1726 umbrella type1913 1530 tr. Caesar Commentaryes xii. 14 vii Legions made in a maner a vaut to hyde them. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 405 A man shall see the drops of water become stone, as they hang to the very vaults of the rocke. 1706 J. Addison Rosamond ii. iv At length the bowery vaults appear! 1773 J. Hawkesworth Acct. Voy. Southern Hemisphere II. i. xvi. 172 They frequently passed under vaults, formed by fragments of the rock. 1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 557 The net is tightened.., and forms a grand vault over the whole cherry garden. 1872 J. Ruskin Eagle's Nest §137 The coloured segments of globe out of which foam is constituted, are portions of spherical vaults constructed of fluent particles. 1877 W. C. Bryant Little People 151 And now the white walls widened, and the vault Swelled upward, like some vast cathedral dome. c. The apparent concave surface formed by the sky. Chiefly poetic and usually with defining terms. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > sky, heavens > [noun] roofeOE welkinc825 heaveneOE heightOE heavenOE liftOE loftOE welkin1122 skies?a1289 firmamentc1290 skewa1300 spherea1300 skewsc1320 hemispherec1374 cope of heavenc1380 clouda1400 skya1425 elementc1485 axle-treea1522 scrowc1540 pole1572 horizona1577 vaulta1586 round?1593 the cope1596 pend1599 floor1600 canopy1604 cope1609 expansion1611 concameration1625 convex1627 concave1635 expansum1635 blue1647 the expanse1667 blue blanket1726 empyrean1727 carry1788 span1803 overhead1865 a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David (1823) xix. vii His [the sun's] race is ev'n, from endes of heav'n, About that vault he goeth. 1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 1229 From whence he vewes..Whatso the heauen in his wide vawte containes. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xxiv. 255 Had I your tongues and eyes, I would vse them so, That heauens vault should cracke. View more context for this quotation 1656 A. Cowley Nemæan Ode in Pindaric Odes ii Through earth, and ayr, and Seas, and up to th' heavenly Vault. 1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace i. vi. 3 This Vault of Air, this congregated Ball, Self-centered Sun, and Stars that rise and fall. 1782 W. Cowper Hope in Poems 145 When evening turns the blue vault grey. 1840 D. Lardner Treat. Geom. 215 The intersection of the plane of the water with the hemispherical celestial vault. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 229 The vault of the nocturnal sky. 1874 A. H. Sayce Princ. Compar. Philol. viii. 331 The bright vault of heaven. d. Anatomy. One or other of certain concave structures or surfaces normally facing downwards. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > indentation or cavity > [noun] > depression or cavity pita1275 holec1300 cella1398 den1398 follicle?a1425 purse?a1425 pocketa1450 fossac1475 cystis1543 trench1565 conceptory1576 vesike1577 vesicle1578 vault1594 socket1601 bladderet1615 cistern1615 cavern1626 ventricle1641 bladder1661 antrum1684 conceptaculum1691 capsule1693 cellule1694 loculus1694 sinus1704 vesicula1705 vesica1706 fosse1710 pouch1712 cyst1721 air chamber1725 fossula1733 alveole1739 sac1741 sacculus1749 locule1751 compartment1772 air cell1774 fossule1803 umbilicus1811 conceptacle1819 cœlia1820 utricle1822 air sac1835 saccule1836 ampulla1845 vacuole1853 scrobicule1880 faveolus1882 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 150 Vessels and instruments, which serue the brayne,..amongest the which there is..another called a Vault, both in respect of the fashion and of the vse. 1831 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) 95 This vault is formed by the nasal bones and the nasal processes of the maxillary bones. 1831 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) 423 The posterior lobes and the vault of the hemispheres of the cerebrum. 1849 H. Miller Foot-prints of Creator 49 The upper and middle portions of the cranial vault. 1875 Encycl. Brit. I. 812/2 He..distinguishes the posterior pillars of the vault from the pedes hippocampi. 2. a. An enclosed space covered with an arched roof; esp. a lower or underground apartment or portion of a building constructed in this form. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room by situation > [noun] > underground room or cellar undercroft1395 vault1396 cellar?a1400 siler1548 crypta1563 hypogee1656 hypogeum1706 souterrain1733 favissa1736 cellar room1743 undervaulting1823 serdab1842 semi-basement1905 dunny1906 α., β. 1396–7 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1901) III. 600 Pro cariac.[ione] 6^xx lad. petr.[arum]..pro le vout. 14.. Dorothe 101 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 192 Sche scholde not scape so sone, he thowȝt; He put here in prison in a voghte. c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine iv. 1195 Alle the preson, whiche had vowtes seuene, Was light that tyme right of his presens. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. iii. sig. n.iiii The buyldynge of olde antiquite In cellers and lowe voultes, and halles of realte. 1554–5 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1913) X. 268 To ressave voultis fra the monkes to put in lyme. 1558 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1913) X. 432 For carying of the foirsaid furnesing..to ane wolt. 1616 Extr. Aberd. Rec. (1898) II. 339 To mack ane hewin doir in the mid wall, betuixt the northmest voult and the southermest voult. γ. 1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 153 He commaundid to kepe his chylde..and that hit were Enclosid in a vaut of stone.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur Pref. 2 The grete stones & meruaylous werkys of yron lyeng vnder the grounde & ryal vautes.?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. hh.i Than went we doune to an other vaute.1534 in Archaeologia Cantiana (1868) 7 286 In the Vawt where the Moncks do dyne. j olde table [etc.].1584 Rep. Commissioners & Decree Star-Chamber regarding Printers & Stationers 11 in J. P. Collier Illustr. Early Eng. Pop. Lit. (1863) II. That no presse be vsed in vaut or secret place, but such as may easily and openly be found in search.1601 T. Campion in P. Rosseter Bk. of Ayres i. xviii. sig. F2 That man needes neither towers..Nor secret vautes to flie From thunders violence.figurative.?1545 J. Bale 2nd Pt. Image Both Churches ii. sig. Oiij^v So throwynge themselues into a most confuse Chaos or vawte of doubtfull dottage.δ. 1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1892) 77 These vaultes are alltogether neclected.1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 84 They make their little Vaults very quickly, and in building of them use Timber as with us.1698 J. Keill Exam. Theory Earth (1734) 117 In Vaults and Caves there is no sensible alteration of heat in Summer and Winter.1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. i. 11 From the steps, they proceeded through a passage, adjoining the vaults.1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xi. 113 The thermometer inside was at + 90°, and the vault [= hut] measured fifteen feet by six. b. A place of this kind used as a cellar or storeroom for provisions or liquors. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > place for storing food > [noun] cellar?c1225 larderc1305 pantrya1325 butleryc1325 spencec1386 larder-house1390 aumbrya1398 lardinera1400 meatfettle1440 spinde1481 selyer1483 pantyr?a1500 vault1500 eschansonnery1514 lardrya1552 lard-house1555 coveyc1593 brine-house1594 dispense1622 reservatory1647 provedore1694 ice cellar1735 spring house1755 provision house1787 futtah1834 pataka1842 the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > [noun] > storage place butteryc1384 vault1500 1500 in J. Latimer Merch. Vent. Bristol (1903) 34 In his mansion or shop or in celers or vawts y^t he holdeth..in fee. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 43 In our dayes we vse to keepe both Wine and Grayne in suche vaultes. 1600 T. Nashe Summers Last Will 1188 Bacchus, for thou abusest so earths fruits, Impris'ned liue in cellars and in vawtes. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 45 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors Most of them three Stories high, with very noble Lodgings, Store-Houses, Vaults and Stables belonging to them. 1699 J. Pomfret Choice in Poems I'd have a little Vault, but always stor'd With the best Wines each Vintage could afford. 1735 J. Swift Panegyrick on D— in Wks. II. 285 When to the Vault you walk in State, In Quality of Butler's Mate. 1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 97 Among other cellars, there is one which perhaps has not its equal... This vault communicates with another. 1880 M. E. Braddon Just as I Am xxxvi The wine cellar at the Homestead was not a stately vault. figurative.a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. iii. 95 The Wine of Life is drawne, and the meere Lees Is left this Vault, to brag of. View more context for this quotation 3. †a. An arched space under the floor of a church, used for ecclesiastical purposes; a crypt. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > crypt > [noun] undercroft1395 crowd1399 vaultc1400 shrouds1550 crypta1563 crypt1583 grot1658 c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xiv. 61 Vnder þe kirk also es a vowte, whare Cristen men dwellez. 1480 W. Worcester in J. Nasmith Itineraria (1778) 176 The second way goth rygh est by the woult of Seynt Johnys chyrch. 1503–4 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 252 Payd for a stay bar of yerryn to stay the Nev pevys [= pews] in to þe vavtt. 1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. xxij^v A very fayre churche..wherin we descendyd into a wonder fayre vaught. b. A burial chamber (originally with arched roof), usually altogether or partly under ground. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > burial-chamber > [noun] > vault vault1548 dormitory1634 burial-vault1766 chamber1799 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxiij After he was remoued to Winsore, and there in a new vawte newly intumilate. 1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet v. iii. 86 Here lies Iuliet, and her bewtie makes This Vault a feasting presence full of light. View more context for this quotation 1606 W. Birnie Blame of Kirk-buriall x. sig. C4 For some there was that to the imitation of Abraham, made vp little caues or voltes, for buriall vse. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 379 Hee purposed..that his bones should bee bestowed in an arched vault made under the chancell of Saint Peters Church in Oxford. 1722 London Gaz. No. 6084/7 The Body was deposited in the Vault. 1749 in Minutes of Evid. Nairne Peerage (1873) 81 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. A) XII. 65 Mrs. Jean Mercer..lyes..opposite to the Duke of Roxburghs vault. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 133 In as few years their few successors will go to the family vault of ‘all the Capulets’. View more context for this quotation 1832 W. Irving Alhambra I. 187 ‘Now,’ said the priest, ‘you must help me to bring forth the bodies that are to be buried in this vault’. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 37/1 A vault cannot properly be made either in the church or churchyard, without the consent of the ordinary. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 37/1 A vault may be attached by prescription to a mansion. 1870 F. R. Wilson Archit. Surv. Churches Lindisfarne 61 The vaults beneath the Chancel, sometimes called the dead-house. †4. a. A covered conduit for carrying away water or filth; a drain or sewer. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > provision of sewers > [noun] > sewer cockey1390 gutterc1440 soughc1440 sew1475 withdraught1493 sink1499 syre1513 closet1531 draught1533 vault1533 drain1552 fleet1583 issue1588 drainer1598 guzzle1598 shore1598 sewer1609 vennel1641 cloaca1656 cuniculus1670 pend1817 thurrock1847 sewer line1977 1533 MS. Rawl. D. 776 lf. 131 b Makyng of new vawtis of bryk to Conevaye the water Commyng frome the leades of the said Castell vnder the said new wharff. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1607 The water..Gosshet through Godardys & other grete vautes, And clensit by course all þe clene Cite. 1567 in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. iii. 154 The gouernors..shall viewe the comen Sewer or vawt at the seid house. 1596 J. Harington New Disc. Aiax sig. D7 A goodly Iakes within the Towne, with a vault to conuey all the filth into Tyber. a1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 353 The streetes..having many Vaults, and conveyances under them for the sullage. †b. A cistern. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > constructed reservoir > cistern cisternessea1325 cistern1382 spurgelc1450 sestern1534 vault1552 reservoir1728 impluvium1823 well-cistern1869 feed-tank1886 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Vault or place to receaue rayne water, impluuium. †c. A necessary-house; a privy. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun] gongOE privy?c1225 room-housec1275 chamber foreignc1300 wardrobea1325 privy chamberc1325 foreignc1390 siegec1400 stool1410 jakes1432 house of easementa1438 kocayc1440 siege-hole1440 siege-house1440 privy house1463 withdraught1493 draught1530 shield1535 bench-hole1542 common house1542 stool1542 jakes house1547 boggard1552 house of office?1560 purging place1577 little house1579 issue1588 Ajax1596 draught-house1597 private1600 necessary house1612 vault1617 longhouse1622 latrine1623 necessary1633 commonsa1641 gingerbread officea1643 boghouse1644 cloaca1645 passage-house1646 retreat1653 shithouse1659 closet of ease1662 garderobe1680 backside1704 office1727 bog?1731 house of ease1734 cuz-john1735 easing-chair1771 backhouse1800 outhouse1819 netty1825 petty1848 seat of ease1850 closet1869 bathroom1883 crapper1927 lat1927 shouse1941 biffy1942 shitholec1947 toot1965 shitter1967 woodshed1974 1617 J. Taylor Three Weekes Observ. in Wks. (1630) 80/2 The Hangman..hath the emptying of all the vaults or draughts in the city. 1665 Orders Ld. Mayor London in D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year (1722) 54 That no Nightman..be suffered to empty a Vault into any Garden. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Vault, an..House of Office. 5. a. A natural cavern, cave, or overarched space; †a deep hole or pit. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] dalea800 piteOE dike847 hollowc897 hole946 seathc950 delfOE hollc1050 ditchc1275 lakec1320 holetc1380 slacka1500 dell1531 vault1535 pit-hole1583 delve1590 lough1672 sinusa1676 gap1696 self-lough1700 scoop1780 cup1819 the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > cave covec950 denOE cavec1220 rochea1300 spelunk13.. cavernc1374 cabin1377 speke1377 antruma1398 minea1398 thurse-house?c1450 crypt?a1475 vault1535 chamber1575 antre1585 underground1594 Peak1600 lustre?1615 open?1644 cunicle1657 subterranean1714 subterrane1759 loch1767 purgatory1797 vug1818 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. vii. C These shall come, and shal light all in the valeyes, in y^e vowtes of stone. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1413/2 The hole or vaut being sometimes filled with water, and otherwhiles neither bottome, trees, or water maie be perceiued. 1593 J. Norden Speculum Brit.: Cornwall (1728) 40 A holl or deepe vaute in the grounde wherinto the sea floweth at high water verie farr under the earth. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 11 This City is of a round forme, compassed of all sides with Mountaines, having many Vauts or Caves under it. 1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 100 Some should dig Vaults and Holes in the Earth, as Rabbets, to secure themselves and their Young. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 274 In the burning entrails of which..the fire-consumed Ætnean vaults incessantly thunder. 1854 D. Brewster More Worlds iii. 61 It is from the deep vaults to which primæval life has been consigned that the history of the dawn of life is to be composed. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. v. 38 The vault at the end of the glacier. in extended use.1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 29 Moreouer in the interiour part of the wrest, we finde a broad, and deepe cauitie,..through the which are concurrent, not a small number of tendons of Muscles, to be inserted to the ioyntes of the fingers. And in this vawte, or hollow, they seeme as it were included, or locked vp. †b. to go to the vault: (see quot. 1575). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Lagomorpha (rabbits and hares) > [verb (intransitive)] > go underground to go to the vault1575 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lix. 165 I haue seene [hares] that woulde take the ground like a Coney, (whiche is called goyng to the vault) when they haue bene hunted. 6. technical. The inner portion of a steel furnace. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > other parts of furnaces sump1673 stoking-hole1683 stoking-place1744 mid-feather1748 bottoming hole1815 trunnel-head1819 keystone1821 vault1825 well1825 nose-hole1832 fore-stone1839 nose1839 tongs-carriage1839 tunnel-head1843 glory-hole1849 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 341 Inside the conical building is a smaller furnace, called the vault, built of fire~brick or stone... D D, in the section, is the dome of the vault. 1884 W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron 409 The temperature in each furnace is regulated by closing or opening the small flues in the arch of the vault. Compounds General attributive. C1. vault beam n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > vaulting > pier or beam vault beam1611 vaulting pier1830 vaulting pillar1830 vaulting shaft1830 vault pier1905 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings vi. 9 (margin) [He covered] the vault beams and the sielings with Cedar. vault-cover n. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2694/1 A vault-cover with glass bull's-eyes or prisms. vault door n. ΚΠ 1553–4 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1871) II. 345 Ane greit loke to the wolt dure of Sanct Thomas ile. vault fashion n. ΚΠ 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Vaultyng or makyng a worke..vault fascion, concameratio. vault height n. ΚΠ 1616 Extr. Aberd. Rec. (1848) II. 338 The said Thomas..sall big the same of the breidth of the haill tolbuith quhill it be voult hight. vault pier n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > vaulting > pier or beam vault beam1611 vaulting pier1830 vaulting pillar1830 vaulting shaft1830 vault pier1905 1905 F. Bond Gothic Archit. 58 Nowhere is the result plainer than in the construction of the Gothic vault pier. vault-prayer n. ΚΠ a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1959) V. 219 As vapors and winds shut up in Vaults, engender Earth-quakes; so these particular spirits in their Vault-Prayers, and Cellar-Service, shake the Pillars of State and Church. vault-roof n. ΚΠ 1887 R. Browning Parleyings in Wks. (1907) XVI. 113 Vault~roof reverberates, groans the ground! vault-room n. ΚΠ 1843 W. L. Tizard Theory & Pract. Brewing 469 The brewer..who possesses storage, cellarage, or vault-room. vault-shell n. ΚΠ 1890 C. H. Moore Devel. & Char. Gothic Archit. ii. 52 Arches which..sustain the vault shells. vault-stone n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > stone for other specific building use > piece of pendant1474 vault-stone1480 table stone1554 course-stone1610 rustic1797 arch-stone1828 courser1885 1480 W. Caxton Trevisa's Higden (1527) i. xlviii. 47 A thre chambred hous made of vawte stones. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Vault The several Voussoirs, or Vault-Stones whereof it [sc. an arch] consists. 1899 H. Sutcliffe Shameless Wayne ii. 14 The..vault-stone stared blue and cold at the cold moon. vault-treason n. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > a plot > specific plots bye1603 vault-treasona1610 Screw Plot1710 Gunpowder Plot1796 a1610 G. Babington Comf. Notes: Num. in Wks. (1615) ii. 46 That late thrice-damnable Powder-Treason, or Vault-Treason: What name might it haue answerable to the iniquitie of it? vault-work n. ΚΠ 1614 S. Purchas Pilgrimage vi. v. 584 This Temple was borne vp with Vault-worke. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 35/2 Pit-sand..they use..in Vault-work, but not in plaistering. C2. vault-like adj. ΚΠ 1848 C. Dickens Haunted Man i. 4 His dwelling was so solitary and vault-like. 1858 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 24 Jan. in French & Italian Notebks. (1980) i. 49 Whenever we emerged into the vault-like streets, we were wretchedly cold. vault-wise adv. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [adverb] > in manner of vault vault-wise1585 in full centre1695 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xxi. 58 [A] building round & strongly set vp vawtwise in form of the Hemispherike. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Retombe,..a flat vault, or a roome thats made vault-wise. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 67 Their Cabans, or Huts, which are covered vault-wise, are built half underground. 1844 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 56 208 Every brilliant pair finished..was briskly strung up on cobwebs, with which the cart, vaultwise, was interwoven. Draft additions July 2011 A secure room or series of rooms in or beneath a bank, used for storing currency and valuables. ΚΠ 1725 Order High Court Chancery 4 Nov. 1 The Bonds, Tallies, Orders, and Effects of the Suitors..then locked up in the Vault of the Bank of England in several chests. 1767 J. Steuart Inq. Princ. Polit. Oecon. II. iii. vi. 57 The bank money, therefore, of Amsterdam is pure money of accompt, and has nothing of merchandize in it from the metals in the vaults. 1816 Niles' Weekly Reg. 25 May 207/1 They will lodge the chest in the vault of some bank, or in some other place of secure and safe keeping. 1836 R. W. Emerson Nature iv. 38 A paper currency is employed when there is no bullion in the vaults. 1903 Bankers' Mag. Feb. 231 It could obtain a sufficient reserve to loan out the $25,000 of its own notes lying idle in its vault. 2006 R. Chandrasekaran Imperial Life in Emerald City (2007) iii. 44 Looters were perilously close to breaking into a vault under the Central Bank that housed a priceless collection of Assyrian gold. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2022). vaultn.² Brit. /vɔːlt/, /vɒlt/, U.S. /vɔlt/, /vɑlt/ Forms: Also 1500s vaute. Etymology: < vault v.² 2, < French volte. 1. An act of vaulting; a leap or spring; †spec. of harts (see quot. 1575). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > leap vault1575 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > leaping, springing, or jumping > [noun] > a leap, spring, or jump leapOE startc1330 saulta1350 lope14.. launchc1440 sprenting?a1475 loup1487 springa1500 stenda1500 benda1522 sprenta1522 bounce1523 jump1552 sally1589 rise1600 bound1667 vault1728 sprinta1800 spang1817 spend1825 upleap1876 sprit1880 bunny hop1950 bunny-hop1969 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xvii. 45 It is a pleasure, to beholde them when they goe to Rutte and make their vaute. 1610 G. Fletcher Christs Victorie 58 So on a wither'd tree he fairly set him, And helpt him fit the rope,..So thear he stands, readie to hell to make his vault. 1627 J. Taylor Armado sig. D2 What Necromanticke spelles, are Rut, Vault, Slot, Pores, and Entryes, Abatures, and Foyles. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Vault is also used for the Manages practis'd on the wooden Horse, to learn to mount and unmount with Ease and Expedition. 1868 W. R. Smith in Life (1912) iii. 94 A popular exercise is the spring vault. 1893 Outing 22 153/2 The world's record in the fence vault, and..the pole vault. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 28 May 2/1 M. Brocas fell to the ground, after his vault. †2. = volte n. (in the manege). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > art of horse-riding > move in voltes vault1728 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) There are some Vaults wherein the Horse makes two parallel Circles. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online December 2021). vaultv.¹ Brit. /vɔːlt/, /vɒlt/, U.S. /vɔlt/, /vɑlt/ Forms: α. Middle English Scottish, Middle English voute (Middle English Scottish wout-); Middle English, 1500s vowte (Middle English vowytn), 1500s vought, 1600s Scottish wowt; 1500s volt, 1500s, 1600s Scottish, voult. β. Middle English–1500s vawte (Middle English vawth-), Middle English–1600s vaut(e, 1500s vaught. γ. 1500s vaulten, vaulte, valte, 1500s– vault. Etymology: < Old French vouter, voulter, volter, vaulter (modern French voûter ), < voute , etc., vault n.¹ 1. a. transitive. To construct with, to cover in with, a vault or arched roof. Also with over. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [verb (transitive)] > vault vault1387 concamerate1611 camerate1623 cove1817 α. 1387 in J. D. Marwick Charters Edinb. (1871) 35 The forsaidys..sal mak and voute v. chapellis on the south syde of the paryce kyrc of Edynburgh. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms ciii. 3 Thou voltest it aboue with waters. 1616 Extr. Aberd. Rec. (1848) II. 338 The said Thomas..sall voult ouer the nethermest voultis the hight of the tolbuith fluir. a1656 R. Gordon Geneal. Hist. Earldom of Sutherland (1813) 509 The Earl..finished the great tour the same yeir, wowting it to the top. β. 1511–12 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 478 They can..vawte the chirch..after the fourme of a platte ther~for devised.1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 42^v They doo vaute the floore with Bryckes.1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1714/1 Sir William Chester..and John Calthrop..couered and vauted the towne ditch from Aldersgate to Newgate.γ. 1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis i. v. 12 The first builders of this house vaulted vnder the ground a secret way vnknowne to any..but my selfe.1650 Earl of Monmouth tr. J. F. Senault Man become Guilty 303 The Concavity of Trees hung in the aire, hath taught our Architects to vault buildings.1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 73/2 What-ever sort of Arch you vault your Bridge with.1829 W. L. Bowles Days Departed (ed. 2) 8 Ask of the Geologist How Nature, vaulting the rude chamber, scoop'd Its vast recesses.1848 G. S. Hillard in Life Longf. (1891) II. 111 But to combine them all, to vault them with such a sky,..this is not easy.1894 S. Baring-Gould Deserts S. France II. 104 The various attempts made to vault the naves. b. In past participle used predicatively. (Cf. vaulted adj.) ΚΠ α. 1387 in J. D. Marwick Charters Edinb. (1871) 35 The fyfte chapel woutyt with a durre. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) iii. 17 And undre theise Stages ben Stables wel y-vowted for the Emperours Hors. 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy ii. 689 Fresche alures with lusty hiȝe pynacles,..Vowted aboue like reclinatories. 1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. xviij^v There is a fayre large Chapell well voughted & lyghted by many Lampes brennynge. a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) II. 22 A right fair and costely Peace of Worke..made al of Stone and curiusly voultid. β. 1434 Indenture Fotheringhey in W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum (1846) VI. 1414/2 Three strong and mighty arches vawthid with stoon.1448 King Henry VI in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 356 .ij. chambres aboue, vauted.1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. lxxxix. 99/1 The houses within were well vawted with stone, so that the engynes nor spryngalles dyd the men but small domage.1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. ii. f. 105^v He caused an oxe to be made of wood, inwardly vauted and hollow within.1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion iii. Illustr. 53 Chedder cleeues, rockey and vauted, by continual distilling, is the fountain of a forcible stream.γ. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iii. 82 Narrow Vales, vaulted about with Hills.1615 J. Loiseau de Tourval tr. H. de Feynes Exact Surv. E. Indies 10 The said place is all vaulted about with Porches.1686 A. Wood Life 10 July Buried..in a grave brickt and vaulted over with bricks.1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 165 The inside is vaulted, and is large enough for the reception of eight or ten beavers.1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul Introd. 14 It was rain-water preserved in small reservoirs, vaulted over with brick and mortar.1831 W. Scott Castle Dangerous ii, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. IV. 57 The study..was..vaulted with stone.1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab v. 77 Long ranges of buildings..most solidly vaulted. c. Of things: To form a vault over (something); to cover like a vault; to overarch. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [verb (transitive)] > form a vault or arch over pend1535 vault1667 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 214 The dismal hiss Of fiery Darts in flaming volies flew, And flying vaulted either Host with fire. View more context for this quotation 1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece i. 70 The wall beginning to bend forward, Arch-wise, as if it were to vault a Portico. 1719 E. Young Busiris iv. 55 Have I not seen whole Armies vaulted o'er With flying Javelins? 1736 J. Wesley Jrnl. 23 Jan. (1829) I. 21 I was vaulted over with water in a moment. 1777 G. Forster Voy. round World II. 187 The tufted arbours which vaulted over the paths, are hung with beautiful flowers of all kinds. 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad vii. 255 Blaze-trailing fuses vault the night's dim round, And shells and langrage lacerate the ground. 2. absol. To construct a vault or vaults. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [verb (intransitive)] > of vault: to construct vaultc1440 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 512/1 Vowtyn, or make a vowte, arcuo, testudino. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Vaulten or make vaultes, or arches, fornico. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Bi^v/2 To Valte, arcum ducere. 3. To bend, arch, or raise (something) after the manner of a vault. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > form curved surface [verb (transitive)] > like vault or dome vault1552 dome1879 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Vaulten or make bente lyke a bowe, arcuor. c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cxxxvi. 9 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 230 Whose skillfull art did vault the skies. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §376 You must Vault the Earth, whereby it may hang over them, and not touch them. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) To vault a horse-shoe, is to forge it hollow,..that the shoe, thus hollow or vaulted, may not bear upon the sole that is higher than the hoof. 1832 Ld. Tennyson Lotos-eaters: Choric Song iv, in Poems (new ed.) 113 Hateful is the darkblue sky, Vaulted o'er the darkblue sea. 1877 J. Bryce Transcaucasia & Ararat 35 Looking..across the vast expanse, with the wide blue sky vaulted over it. †4. To make vaults or cavities under (something). ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > make hollow [verb (transitive)] > beneath underhew1523 vault1524 undercut1598 1524 R. Copland tr. J. de Bourbon Syege Cyte of Rodes in Begynnynge Ordre Knyghtes Hospytallers sig. Biiij^v Wee shall vault and vndermine your foundations in such maner, that they shalbe torne vpside downe. 5. intransitive. To curve in the form of a vault. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > form curved surface [verb (intransitive)] > like vault or dome vault1805 dome1887 1805 ‘E. de Acton’ Nuns of Desert II. 166 The spangled arch, which vaulted to the footstool of the Throne of Mercy. 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad v. 168 A dusky deep, serene as breathless even, Seem'd vaulting downward like another heaven. 1844 R. W. Emerson Tantalus in Wks. (1906) III. 323 Her mighty orbit vaults like the fresh rainbow into the deep. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online December 2021). vaultv.² Brit. /vɔːlt/, /vɒlt/, U.S. /vɔlt/, /vɑlt/ Forms: α. 1500s vaute, 1500s–1600s vaut; 1500s vaught; 1600s vawt. β. 1500s– vault. Etymology: apparently < Old French volter (voulter , etc.) to gambol, leap, assimilated in form to vault v.¹ 1. transitive. a. To mount (a horse) by leaping. rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > mount (a horse or other animal) > mount by leaping assaila1387 vault1538 breast1802 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Desultor,..he that can vaute [printed vaunte; 1545 vaulte] a horse, and leape frome one horsbacke vnto an other. [Cf. quot. 1531 at vaulting n.² 1.] †b. figurative. (Cf. leap v. 9) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity with [verb (transitive)] > mount (a partner) for purpose of sexual intercourse ridea1450 mounta1475 beleap1513 leap1530 colta1616 vaulta1616 rut1700 a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. vi. 135 Should he make me Liue like Diana's Priest, betwixt cold sheets, Whiles he is vaulting variable Rampes In your despight. c. To get over, surmount, by vaulting. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > leaping, springing, or jumping > cause to jump [verb (transitive)] > leap, spring, or jump over leapc900 overleapeOE freea1578 overjump1604 jump1609 overskip1629 fly1719 top1735 spring?a1775 clear1791 overbound1813 over1837 overspring1847 leap-frog1872 vault1884 1884 Kendal Mercury & Times 3 Oct. 5/1 The gate..has been locked,..so that foot passengers have to vault the gate. 1901 Munsey's Mag. 24 550/1 Rodgers vaulted the boxwood and seated himself on her veranda. 2. a. intransitive. To spring or leap; spec. to leap with the assistance of the hand resting on the thing to be surmounted, or with the aid of a pole. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > leaping, springing, or jumping > leap, spring, or jump [verb (intransitive)] leapc900 startOE reseOE springa1275 throwc1275 upleapc1275 launch13.. aspringc1315 sault1377 lance?a1400 sprenta1400 loupc1480 lope1483 spang1513 bendc1530 jump1530 spend1533 stend1567 vaulta1568 pract1568 exult1570 bound1593 saltate1623 subsalt1623 jet1635 spoutc1650 volt1753 society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride a horse (or other animal) [verb (intransitive)] > mount > by leaping leapc900 alightc1380 starta1470 volt1753 vault1815 α. a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 19^v To vant [read vaut] lustely: to runne: to leape: to wrestle. 1591 T. Lodge Famous Life Duke of Normandy f. 22 He was actiue of bodie, & vaughted exceedingly well. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V v. ii. 138 If I could win thee at leapfrog, Or with vawting with my armour on my backe. 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. 255 King Theutobocchus..was wont to vawt ouer foure, or fiue horses set together. 1621 G. Sandys tr. Ovid First Five Bks. Metamorphosis ii. 33 The generous and gallant Phaëton, All courage, vauts into the blazing Throne. β. 1616 B. Jonson Epicœne ii. ii, in Wks. I. 540 Such a delicate steeple, i' the towne, as Bow, to vault from. View more context for this quotation1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. 155 When we addresse ourselves to prayer..let us..when we have done, not rise from the ground as if we vaulted, or were glad we had done.1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 268 In his Dances he leap'd up, and vaulted, like Phrynichus, who was celebrated for those Performances.1739 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) V. 51 Vaulting from one [horse] to the other.1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. vii. 285 In standing fight adjusting all my steps To martial measures sweet, or vaulting light Into my chariot, thence [I] can urge the foe.1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles vi. xxii. 253 Vaulting from the ground, His saddle every horseman found.1830 Ld. Tennyson Mermaid in Poems 29 I would..lightly vault from the throne and play With the mermen in and out of the rocks.1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 212 Can he vault upon swords, and turn upon a wheel.figurative.1809–10 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1865) 68 Ignorance seldom vaults into knowledge, but passes into it through an intermediate state of obscurity.1836 R. W. Emerson Nature viii, in Wks. (1906) II. 171 As if a banished king should buy his territories inch by inch, instead of vaulting at once into his throne.1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 212 (note) He was ordained priest a day or two only before he vaulted into the Archbishopric of Canterbury. †b. = leap v. 9. Obsolete.Cf. figurative uses of vaulter n.² and vaulting n.² ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity [verb (intransitive)] > mount a partner for purpose of sexual intercourse ridec1275 vault1575 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xvii. 44 Harts do commonly beginne to Vault about the middest of September. 1725 New Canting Dict. To Vault, to commit Acts of Debauchery. 3. transitive. To cause to rise to or into a considerably higher position or situation. ΚΠ 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 31 July 1/2 Nadia Comaneci's electrifying gymnastics performances vaulted her from obscurity to world-wide renown. 1977 Detroit Free Press 11 Dec. 2- d/2 Severiano Ballesteros of Spain shot a three-under-par 69 Saturday and vaulted his team into a three-stroke lead over Canada after 54 holes of the 25th World Cup Golf Championship Saturday. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹a1387n.²1575v.¹1387v.²1538
随便看	without any fault without any hone without any mean without any more without any nay without any notice without any replication without any retrair without any stroke without any stroke of sword without anything wherefore without arrest without avail without bail or mainprize without baston without blin without board without book without but fable without but feigning without but out of dread without cause without cease without ceasing without ceremony

vaultn.1

Compounds

Draft additions July 2011

vaultn.2

vaultv.1

vaultv.2

vaultn.¹

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vaultv.²