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单词 value
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valuen.

Brit. /ˈvaljuː/, U.S. /ˈvælju/
Forms: Middle English ualue, Middle English ualuwe, Middle English valeue, Middle English valev, Middle English valieu, Middle English valo, Middle English valou, Middle English valough, Middle English valowe, Middle English valowie, Middle English valu, Middle English valugh, Middle English valuwe, Middle English valwe, Middle English walau, Middle English waleu, Middle English walew, Middle English walewe, Middle English waley, Middle English walowe, Middle English walue, Middle English walywe, Middle English whalew, Middle English 1600s valow, Middle English–1500s valove, Middle English–1600s valeu, Middle English–1600s valew, Middle English–1600s valewe, Middle English–1600s vallew, Middle English– value, 1500s vallewe, 1500s vaylov, 1500s walu, 1500s waluw, 1600s valiew, 1600s valleu, 1600s vallue, 1700s bally (nonstandard), 1700s veloue; English regional (chiefly midlands) 1700s– valley, 1800s– vallie, 1800s– vally, 1900s– wally; Scottish pre-1700 valay, pre-1700 valeu, pre-1700 valew, pre-1700 valie, pre-1700 vallow, pre-1700 vallue, pre-1700 valou, pre-1700 valow, pre-1700 valowe, pre-1700 valu, pre-1700 valw, pre-1700 vaulue, pre-1700 wailowe, pre-1700 waleue, pre-1700 walew, pre-1700 wallow, pre-1700 walow, pre-1700 walu, pre-1700 walue, pre-1700 walw, pre-1700 1700s– value, 1800s vaalu, 1800s vailey, 1800s vailue, 1800s vaily, 1900s– vailye, 1900s– vailyie, 1900s– veylie; Irish English (northern) 1800s velue, 1800s velye.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French value.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman valu, valeu, valew, valwe, walue, Anglo-Norman and Old French valuwe, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French value material worth, price (c1180; French†value), fair equivalent (c1210), reputation, (personal) merit (13th cent.), in Anglo-Norman also ‘importance (of a person), social standing’, use as noun of the feminine past participle of valoir to be worth (see vail v.1). Compare post-classical Latin valua fair return (1235; < Old French), Catalan vàlua (mid 13th cent.), Italian valuta valuta n. Compare valour n.In sense 5f after French valeur (1916 in Saussure in this sense).
I. Worth or quality as measured by a standard of equivalence.
1.
a. The material or monetary worth of something; the amount at which something may be estimated in terms of a medium of exchange, as money or goods, or some other similar standard.Also as the second element in compounds, as asset, land-, metal value, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > [noun]
wortheOE
valuea1325
cost1340
valourc1350
valure1440
valora1483
valoir1496
valor1496
valuation1549
valent1765
vallidom1790
money value1848
money-worth1854
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vi. 28 Of londes ilaten to feo ferme ȝeldinde þerof þe furþe partie þe uerrei ualuwe, vrne þe statut ase wel of londes ilaten bifore þe statut ase of londes ilaten after þe statut.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 83 Extendours he sette forto extend þe land... Alle þei did extend to witte þe verrey valowe.
c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) l. 2812 (MED) I ha no konnyng dywe To declare the walywe So ryche of stonys and tresour.
a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 414 God..wole not þat men chaffere but in þingis whoos valu þei knowen.
a1525 (?1474) Coventry Leet Bk. (1908) II. 413 That ye..certifie vs as-wel of the names of all the seid gentilmen..as for þe very value of their said lyvelodes and goodes.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxixv Whan a benefice or prebende is fallen..what diligent inquisition is made to knowe the yearely value.
1602 W. S. True Chron. Hist. Ld. Cromwell sig. C1 The King of late hath had his treasurie rob'd, And of the choysest iewelles that he had: The value of them was some seauen thousand pound.
a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 53 As Metals mixt, the rich and base Do both at equal Values pass.
1771 Encycl. Brit. III. 255/2 Were pounds sterling, livres, florins, piastres, &c...invariable in their values.
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. v. 46 In England..the value of all goods and of all estates is generally computed in silver. View more context for this quotation
1809 W. Bawdwen tr. Domesday Bk. 4 In the time of King Edward the value of the city to the King was fifty-three pounds.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 210 To loyal hearts the value of all gifts Must vary as the giver's.
1885 G. Meredith Diana of Crossways I. 116 The value of the stock I hold has doubled.
1907 L. P. Smith Life & Lett. Sir H. Wotton I. 233 (note) The value of the Reichsdollar varied between 4s. 4d. and 4s. 4d. of English money.
1960 A. S. Neill Summerhill 144 But bear in mind that he will not attach a dollars-and-cents value to them.
2001 C. Freeland But is it Art? iv. 108 Through promoting the exhibition, Saatchi raises the value of works that his gallery owns.
b. A valuation, an appraisement. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun] > so as to fix value
taxationc1325
estimation1382
appraising1430
valuing1434
stentc1460
appreciationc1475
prizement1481
sessinga1500
value1523
valuation1529
esteemc1547
estimate1565
appraisement1583
apprizement1605
pricea1616
appraisal1698
apprizing1754
evaluation1755
1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xvii. f. xxx He wyll cause his audytoure to make a value in maner of a bridgement of all the sayd minystre accomptes.
1562 in B. Cusack Everyday Eng. 1500–1700 (1998) 66 We hayve vewyt the hovses of the vicarage of sancte lavre off Appelbe not to so full A valove as we wold hayve doyne yf we had beyn sworne.
c1613 (c1488) in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 68 It was sene by our tenants, and set to a valow what should be our charge to do, and that shall he have.
1823 J. Bayldon in Farmer's Mag. Aug. 328 A better way appears to be, after making a value of the gross product, to deduct all the expenses and outgoings of the farm.
1900 Holyoke Water Power Company v. City of Holyoke (Commonwealth Mass. Supreme Court) VII. 223 Q. And you make no valuation of water power? A. Of water power, no sir. I made a value of the conduit.
1907 Rep. Comm. Public Accts. 116 in Jrnls House of Commons Canada 42 (1908) Before this application for letters patent, or shortly after it a value was made of the dock, and it was valued at—how much?
2. With the.
a. The equivalent monetary worth of a specified sum or amount. Frequently following to (see to prep. 14a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > [noun] > equal, counterpart, or equivalent > the equivalent of a specific sum
valuec1350
valourc1450
c1350 How Good Wife taught her Daughter (Emmanuel) (1948) l. 148 Make þe noȝt riche of oþer mannis þing, Þe boldore for to spenden þe ualue of a ferþing.
1378 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 280 (MED) Þe wheche trespas hu duden þe waley of twenty mark Towchyng to me & my..tenante.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 267 (MED) Every man schulde take a peny of silver of the value [c1400 Tiber. valuwe] of ten pans, þat were þo i-used, to þe steward of þe province and knowleche hym self suget to þe empere of Rome.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 857 He..broghte gold vn to this Philosophre The value of fyue hundred pound I gesse.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 124 We trewly may aduerten..Þat for the valu of a þing of nouȝt, Mortal causes and werris first by-gonne.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vii. 120 Of all the harneys that thei hade brought thider, thei hadde not with hem the valew of ijd.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxviii. 234 They left not in ye abbey the valew of a floren.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 652 A Bason, wherein each puts the value of twelue pence in Gold.
1626 J. Pory Let. 11 Aug. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 246 For all the Kinges Royall bounty amongst them,..they patronized upon the Queen debtes to the value of above £19,000.
1669 J. Winthrop Let. 4 Oct. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1969) VI. 255 There are in the same box some girdles of the Indian mony..the black is double the value of the white.
1750 Boston Gaz. 3 Apr. 1/3 A double Johannes or Gold Coin of Portugal, of the Value of £.3 s12 Sterling at £.4 s16 Sterling A single Johannes at 2 8.
1771 Encycl. Brit. III. 260/2 If..the new guineas are below the value of a pound sterling in silver.
1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 322/2 A gold coin of the assayed value of 5l. 18s. 8d.
1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 Dec. 4/1 The medal carries with it a travelling studentship for travel and study abroad, of the value of £200 per annum, tenable for one year.
1887 Whitaker's Almanack 183 Bronze coinage..to the value of £57,563.
1912 Flight 14 Dec. 1182/1 M. Schneider has offered for international competition a trophy of the value of £1,000, to go to the club which the winning pilot represents.
1944 E. W. Kemmerer Gold & Gold Standard i. 9 He then restamped the coins and gave to each drachma the value of two drachmas.
1995 Stornoway Gaz. 13 July 5/1 (caption) Our photo shows Mary Roberts, Finance Officer, Bethesda Trust, accepting a cheque to the value of £250 from Lynne Murray.
b. In contemptuous comparisons: the equivalent worth of a small or trivial thing. Chiefly in negative contexts. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > worth > [noun] > of thing
worshipa1200
worth1340
value1379
valuec1380
emprisea1393
worthinessa1398
valure1470
valor1579
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 124 (MED) Ne douteþ he kyng ne Emperour þe value of a ryssche.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Shipman's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 171 He is noght worth at al In no degree the value of a flye.
c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. l. 17506 (MED) I ȝeue right not of alle his tene, Not the value of a bene.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) vi. l. 2170 I cowntyt noucht þe toþir twa Wicis [MS Witis] þe walew of a stra.
1571 Queen Elizabeth I Let. in D. Digges Compl. Ambassador (1655) 41 He hath not the value of a Marmaduc in land or livelihood.
1652 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Second Part Massianello 61 When the people burnt any house, they did it with that punctuality that none might embeazle the value of a peppercorn.
1658 J. Bramhall Castigations Mr. Hobbes 62 To say that a man may deliberate of a thing that is not possible, if he know not of the impossibility, will not advantage his cause the value of a rush.
1798 W. Wordsworth Peter Bell 239 But not the value of a hair Was heart or head the better.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 85 You cannot suppose that Harry Gow cares the value of a smithy-dander for such a cub as yonder cat-a-mountain?
1879 Mrs. A. G. F. E. James Indian Househ. Managem. 76 We did not lose the value of a pin's head.
1910 J. Otis Minute Boys of Boston xvi. 312 As a rule I wouldn't take the word of such as he for the value of a button.
1960 J. Barth Sot-weed Factor ii. v. 158 The beast hath not the value of bouc-merde !
c. The extent or amount of a specified non-monetary numerical quantity. Chiefly English regional (northern and north midlands) in later use. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > [noun] > that by which one measures > an authorized measuring standard > extent or amount of
value1588
1588 W. Clowes Prooued Pract. Young Chirurgians 93 The patient should be let bloud to the value of eight ounces.
1645 J. Goodwin Innocency & Truth Triumphing 42 It hath the preheminence of its Competitresse to the value of 1500 yeers.
1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Sap Flowing out very plentifully..to the Value of several Gallons in a few Days.
1764 Museum Rusticum 2 i. 10 Give each of them the value of three large table spoonfuls of the mixture for a dose.
1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. ii. 65 I jogged on, near the value of a league, I warrant, and then I came to a track.
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho IV. xiv. 318 They stood in the same posture for the value of a minute.
1818 R. Wilbraham Attempt Gloss. Cheshire (at cited word) When you come to the value of five feet deep.
1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 374 There was only the vally of a bushel of apples in all the orchard.
1906 W. Lindgren in Mineral Resources U.S. 129 Placer gold was obtained in 1906 to the value of 1,328,360.70 fine ounces.
3.
a. Originally: a standard of estimation or exchange; an amount or sum reckoned in terms of this. Later (now chiefly U.S.): a thing regarded as worth having.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > [noun] > standard of value or valuation
valuea1398
standard cost1895
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vi. xvii. 315 Mna is a certeyn wiȝte and valewe.
1426 in Collectanea Topographica & Genealogica (1837) IV. 252 (MED) Þe seide John and Anne may lete ioyntly þe seide londes and tenements..reservyng to them..resonable value of þe same londes and tenements so lete.
?a1525 (?a1475) Play Sacrament l. 290 in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 67 For so lytell a walew in conscyen[c]e to stond bownd.
1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. xi. 249 Thei game not for money, or any valewe elles.
1631 ‘A. B.’ tr. L. Lessius Rawleigh his Ghost i. xvi. 260 They killed one another, leauing a great valew of spoyles to the Iewes.
1694 E. Phillips tr. J. Milton Lett. of State 163 We thought it requisite to remit beforehand Two thousand Pounds of the Value of England, with all possible speed.
1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea III. xiv. 95 They stripped their habitations of every thing that was valuable. The Russians lost a great value [note, About 100,000l.].
1836 T. C. Morton Pract. Treat. Law Vendors & Purchasers i. iv. 134 If the vendor endeavours by a trick to induce the purchaser to enter into a foolish contract..the plaintiff will not be allowed to recover more than a reasonable value.
1879 Rep. Her Majesty's Consuls Manufactures, Commerce &c., their Consular Districts 781 in Parl. Papers (C. 1879) Here is a value to the country of 350,000,000 dol.
1901 Sessional Papers (Legislature Province of Ontario) 33 215 Every building or institution which is in itself a value to the city is surely an advantage to it in a pecuniary point of view.
1989 Austin (Texas) Amer.-Statesman 29 Apr. a2 (advt.) It is durably crafted in wood and wood products. A value!
2003 Infoworld 23 Apr. 44/1 With all its features, the E-350 is a great value.
b. That amount of a commodity, medium of exchange, etc., which is considered to be an equivalent for something else; a fair or satisfactory equivalent or return. Now chiefly in value for money n. at Phrases 8.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > [noun] > equal, counterpart, or equivalent > a fair equivalent
valuea1400
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 5966 But þou ȝyue hyt hym aȝeyn, Or þe valeu.., Þou art falle þan yn þe vyce Of coueytyse.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 163 Amendes I wille make... Þi godes þe biken, or þe valow verray.
a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 135 The kynge owre souerayn lorde hade be tymes..livelod in lordshippes, landes, tenementes, and rentes, nerehand to the value off þe vth parte off is reaume.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 288 I saide to you þat I myȝte not selle you þe ston, no lesse þan I receyvid þerfore the trewe value.
1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xviii The..rent seruyce..shal be apporcyoned after the value of the lande.
1625 A. Darcie tr. W. Camden Hist. Elizabeth iii. 22 They begunne..to exact, by way of borrowing, the thirtieth part of all manner of Merchandizes, with promise to repay them, or the value of them againe, the warre once ended.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 254 The other two Consuls..were not released, till their Nations..promised the Basha to pay..the value of the Ships Loadings.
1735 S. Johnson tr. J. Lobo Voy. Abyssinia 86 On Condition he paid a certain number of Cows, or the Value.
1817 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 1286 For the recovery of the goods in question, or the value thereof, if the plaintiff cannot have the goods.
1868 J. E. T. Rogers Man. Polit. Econ. 145 To pay at a given date..a specified sum of money, for which value has been received.
1921 Discovery Feb. 48/1 The water hyacinth..causes an annual loss of one-fourth of the value of the logs rafted down the river.
1968 D. C. Buxbaum Family Law & Customary Law in Asia viii. 113 If it is the girl who breaks the agreement, she will have to return the betrothal gifts or their value.
†c. Feudal Law. The estimated worth of a marriage arranged by a lord for an infant ward or heir, and payable by the heir to the lord, should the heir later refuse to enter into the marriage. Frequently in value of the marriage. Cf. valour n. 3d. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > other types of writ
utrumc1290
quo warrantoa1325
writ of right closea1325
writ of oyer and terminer1414
writ of right1414
quare impedit?a1424
prohibition?1435
praecipec1440
supplicavita1450
replevy1451
ouster-le-main1485
praecipe in capitec1523
value1527
inhibition1532
rehabilitation1533
melius inquirendum1549
ne exeat regnum1559
quo minus1592
letters (or writ) of supplementc1600
inhibition1603
fair pleading1607
ingressu1607
ne exeat regno1607
account1622
associationa1625
ship-writ1640
cessavit1641
ne exeat1644
devastavit1651
right close1651
writ of second deliverance1652
fair pleader1655
beaupleader1700
proclamation writ1713
writ of inquiry1809
writ of intendence and respondence1881
1527 Statutes Prohemium Iohannis Rastell (new ed.) f. ccxliii Euery lay man that is conuyct of the takyng away of a ward by strength or maried & with holdyn shall yelde the valew of the maryage and be imprysonyd yf the chylde be maryed.
1540 R. Taverner Princ. Lawes Customes & Estatutes Eng. f. 45 Yf the gardeyne offre to the heyre beyng in his warde a conuenient mariage wythout dispargement, and the heyre refuseth it..than ye lord shall haue ye value of the mariage of suche heyre.
1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes iii. f. 98 The value of the mariage..is commonlie rated accordinglie to the profites of his landes.
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Xxx3v/1 Valour of mariage..is a writ that lyeth for the Lord, hauing profered covenable mariage to the Infant, without disparidgement, against the Infant, comming to his yeares, if he refuse to take the Lords offer. And it is to recouer the value of the mariage.
a1631 J. Donne Poems (1633) 335 As Wards still Take such wives as their Guardians offer, or Pay valewes.
1660 Act 12 Chas. II c. xxiv. §2 Values and forfeitures of marriage and all other charges incident to tenure by Knights service.
1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. ii. v. 70 While the infant was in ward, the guardian had the power of tendering him or her a suitable match, without disparagement or inequality: which if the infants refused, they forfeited the value of the marriage, valorem maritagii.
4. Mathematics. A numerical measure of a physical quantity; a number denoting magnitude on some conventional scale; (also) the numerical amount denoted by an algebraic term; the numerical output of a mathematical function.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun]
i-telc1000
telc1000
numberc1300
suma1387
quantitya1398
umberc1400
value1543
term1552
terminus?a1560
quantum1567
valuation1636
numerality1646
numeration1646
numerical1760
numeric1878
naturality1942
1543 R. Record Ground of Artes sig. Bvi Euerie fygure hath two values: One..whiche it hath of his forme. And the other..whiche he taketh of his place.
1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 45 A Resolutorie Table, shewing the value of the Signes, by the beholding of every figure.
1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. iii. §43. 477 The resolution whereof will give the value of the Root.
1737 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 134/2 That he can get a Value of v to substitute in the first Equation, to bring out the Value of z true.
1823 H. J. Brooke Familiar Introd. Crystallogr. 255 As the value of p increases, the planes b incline more and more on the primary planes.
1881 Nature No. 618. 417 So boron in the crystalline salt..has a higher atomic value than in its fluoride.
1936 S. Glasstone Recent Adv. Gen. Chem. iv. 136 When Aston..determined the atomic weight of hydrogen by means of the mass-spectrograph, he obtained a value of 1.778.
1952 E. T. Bell Math. vi. 354 The value of the function is invariant under a particular linear transformation.
1996 New Scientist 11 May 81/3 The tog value of duvets is, of course, measured on a togmeter.
2010 Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka) (Nexis) 11 June Persistent blood pressure values over 140/90 mmHg are generally treated by lifestyle measures.
5.
a. Music. The relative length or duration of a sound signified by a note; (also occasionally) the relative length of a silence indicated by a rest.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > [noun]
time1562
value1562
quantityc1570
valure1597
time value1848
1562 T. Sternhold et al. Whole Bk. Psalmes To Rdr. ✠vv Ye haue also in youre songes diuers fourmes and figures of Notes. Of which all, it behoueth you to knowe bothe the names and value.
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 24 Imperfection..is the taking away of the third part of a perfect notes value.
1654 J. Playford Breefe Introd. Skill Musick 13 The Semibriefe being the Master Note;..all the times are kept to its value.
1664 J. Playford Brief Introd. Skill Musick (ed. 4) i. 59 Observing the same Rule in making the passages of Division by some few Quavers to Notes and to Cadences, not exceeding the Value of a quarter or half a Semibrief at most.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Measure The Measure is regulated according to the different Quality or Value of the Notes in the Piece.
1792 J. W. Callcott Explan. Notes Mus. 23 Be careful to observe the exact value of the Notes in respect of time.
1840 Penny Cycl. XVI. 333/2 The value, or length in time, of the Semibreve may be considered as unity.
1869 F. A. G. Ouseley Treat. Counterpoint xix. 157 It is not allowed, in making the answer, to change the value of the notes of the subject.
1916 N.Y. Times 2 Jan. (Mag. section) 8/1 The value of notes is taught with a box of blocks, or rhythm sticks, as Mrs. Dunning has called them.
1957 G. Cooper Learning to Listen i. 7 A dot placed to the right of a note or rest indicates that its value is to be increased by one-half.
2000 J. Dyer in J. Potter Cambr. Compan. Singing xiv. 175 Another kind of ‘reverberatio’ was an appoggiatura which occupied one half of the value of the following note.
b. The relative rank or importance of a playing card, chess piece, etc., according to the conventions of the game; the amount at which each (or each set) is reckoned in counting the score.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > [noun] > relative rank or importance of card, piece, or set
value1674
1674 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester ix. 107 The value of the Cards [in Cribbage] is thus: Any fifteen upon the Cards is two.
1742 E. Hoyle Short Treat. Game Whist 27 Suppose you have..four other Cards of no Value.
1763 E. Hoyle Whist 82 Loose Card, Means a Card in a Hand that is of no Value, and consequently the properest to throw away.
1850 H. G. Bohn et al. Hand-bk. Games 152 If in cutting there be two lowest cards of a like value, the holders cut again for the deal.
1874 H. H. Gibbs Game of Ombre (1878) 5 ‘French Ruff,’ ‘Five-cards’ and other games in which the cards have the same value or nearly the same value as in Ombre.
1932 Collier's 9 Jan. 36/1 His hand contained two and a half high-card tricks, plus the somewhat questionable value of a doubleton Queen-Jack and three low-card tricks.
1958 M. Euwe et al. Logical Approach to Chess i. 4 The value of a piece lies in its power of movement.
2006 D. G. Schwartz Roll Bones vii. 154 On ‘splits’ (when two cards of the same value were played), the bank took half the wager.
c. Art. Due or proper effect or emphasis; relative tone of colour in each distinct section of a picture; a particular tone or emphasis. Also in extended use.In quot. 1902 attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > art of colouring > [noun] > harmony of colours
harmoge1601
union1662
repose1695
value1706
keeping1715
melody1830
colour harmony1853
chord1856
1706 J. Savage tr. R. de Piles Art of Painting 394 They characteriz'd them by Comparison,..by shewing the value of the true Colour of one Thing, by the true Colour of another.
1778 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. (1876) viii. 453 A certain quantity of cold colours is necessary to give value and lustre to the warm colours.
1838 F. Howard Colour as Means of Art ii. 44 If ever any red be introduced, it must be a mere speck..to give value by contrast to the neutral tones.
1892 Mrs. H. Ward David Grieve II. 312 Working [at a painting] now in the forest, now at home, the lights and values had suffered.
1902 Academy 12 Apr. 392/1 Replace it in the picture, it is still a vase, but quite without value relation to the other parts of the picture.
1925 R. Cortissoz Personalities in Art xix. 288 When he uses a vivid color he gives it its fullest possible value.
1959 R. Saito Japanese Ink Painting 13 Because of the value of the light and dark color of the sumi..suiboku painting really reveals the true spirit of the Oriental people.
1981 R. V. Bullough Photogr. v. 22 The over-exposed black-and-white negative, on the other hand, will appear too dark in overall value.
2008 G. Green Artist's Essent. Guide to Watercolour iv. 46 Always look for the tonal extremes first; then..you will be able to spot the areas of middle value.
d. Phonetics. The sound represented by a letter, character, or graphic symbol.
ΚΠ
1823 T. Young Acct. Recent Discov. Hieroglyphical Lit. iv. 46 The phonetic analysis which he [sc. Mr. Champollion] has attempted of the names of Ptolemy and Berenice, in which, notwithstanding, he has recognised the phonetic values of four of the characters.
1845 E. B. Eastwick tr. F. Bopp Compar. Gram. I. 63 Grimm deduces..a double value of the diphthongs ai and au; one with the accent on the last element (aí, aú), another with the accent on the a (ái, áu). We..prefer assuming an equal value in all cases of the Gothic ai and au.
1888 J. Wright tr. K. Brugmann Elem. Compar. Gram. Indo-Germanic Lang. I. 23 In the case of dead languages it is, of course, often impossible to determine precisely the value of a letter.
1938 I. Goldberg Wonder of Words xx. 438 For & has the phonetic value of et, but it has the word-value of and.
1975 P. Ladefoged Course in Phonetics (1982) vii. 15D Table 7.3 is a consonant chart showing the symbols for all the nasals, stops, and fricatives that have been mentioned... Check that you know the values of all these symbols.
2006 A. de Luca in S. Termini Imagination & Rigor 77 Without preconceived ideas on the meaning of the words or on the phonetic value of the symbols.
e. That quality of a colour, corresponding to tone or reflectance, which when assigned a numerical value according to its degree of lightness can be used in combination with hue and chroma to identify the colour uniquely. Cf. Munsell n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [noun] > shade or tone
shadowing1580
shade1690
key1713
nuance1823
colour tone1853
colour value1857
hue1857
neutral1859
shadow-script1898
value1902
1902 E. N. Vanderpoel Color Probl. 131 Values, the relative amount of light contained in the different colors of a picture, design, or composition; the lightest or most luminous being called the highest in value.
1905 A. H. Munsell Color Notation i. 8 Music..defines each sound in terms of its pitch, intensity, and duration... So should color be supplied with an appropriate system, based on the hue, value, and chroma of our sensations.
1967 J. N. Barron Lang. of Painting 50 The Ostwald Color System is based on twenty-four hues around the equator of a color ‘solid’... The value is lightest at the top and darkest at the bottom.
1984 New Scientist 24 May 41/2 ‘Value’ is a measure of the relative lightness of a colour (comparable to the older term ‘tone’) and Munsell's scale was from 0 (black) to 10 (white).
2004 Onomasiology Online 5 58 (note) Value signifies the admixture of white and black with a hue, thus its relative lightness or darkness (e.g. dark, pale).
f. Chiefly Linguistics and Semiotics. The place or function of a sign within a system of signs from which it derives its meaning. Now also more generally: meaning.Cf. note at sign n. 14.
ΚΠ
1959 W. Baskin tr. F. de Saussure Course Gen. Linguistics ii. iv. 115 Being part of a system, it [sc. a word] is endowed not only with a signification but also and especially with a value, and this is something quite different.
1964 E. Palmer tr. A. Martinet Elements Gen. Linguistics i. 24 Every linguistic sign comprises a significatum, its meaning or value [Fr. valeur]..and a significans through which the sign is made manifest.
1988 R. Hodge & G. Kress Social Semiotics ii. 16 Synchronic linguistics deals with signs which have a value, a place in a system or structure, syntagmatic or paradigmatic, that is, a signification.
1992 Lit. & Ling. Computing 7 72/1 From such intuition of the global sense of the whole, we then descend to recognize each individual value in and from its context.
2001 R. Harris in P. Cobley Routledge Compan. Semiotics & Linguistics 283/2 The value of a term is not its ‘meaning’, although this equation, which Saussure explicitly rejects, is nowadays commonplace.
II. Worth based on esteem; quality viewed in terms of importance, usefulness, desirability, etc.
6.
a. The relative worth, usefulness, or importance of a thing or (occasionally) a person; the estimation in which a thing is held according to its real or supposed desirability or utility. Later also (Philosophy and Social Sciences): such worth or estimation regarded in relation to an individual or group (cf. sense 6d).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > worth > [noun] > of thing
worshipa1200
worth1340
value1379
valuec1380
emprisea1393
worthinessa1398
valure1470
valor1579
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun]
weenc888
rightnessOE
steemc1330
sight1362
witc1374
emprisea1393
reputation?c1400
apprizingc1449
nick?a1450
vail1471
countc1475
opinionc1480
estimationc1522
meting1548
reckoning1548
valuation1548
computation1558
account1583
cess1588
esteem1598
appreciation1605
resentiment1606
repute1610
ratea1616
assessmenta1626
estimate1637
vote1639
supputation1643
compute1646
value1651
resentment1655
contemplation1673
critique1798
appraisement1808
appraisal1817
viewa1854
sizing up1967
chit1989
1379 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 2 I wil & granteȝ that our folowing be nocht herd as thing of na valu no of strenthe but fraude or gyle.
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 195 Oure bileve techiþ us þat God kepiþ þingis after her valu, for if ony þing be betere, God makiþ it to be betere.
c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 602 Loue hadde brought this man in swich a rage..That al the world he sette at no value.
1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) ii. ii. sig. c.viv Your bounte..may no man preyse half to the valewe.
1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. i. f. 68 These words with Cyrus came in at one eare and went out at the other, lighter in value then the wynd in waight.
1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie ii. vii. 120 Scripture-proofe..in strength & value exceedeth all.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. x. 42 [Let men] rate themselves at the highest Value they can; yet their true Value is no more than it is esteemed by others.
1706 tr. J. B. Morvan de Bellegarde Refl. upon Ridicule 307 Actions mistim'd lose their Value.
1779 Mirror No. 5. 33 It unfortunately happens, that we are very inadequate judges of the value of our own discourse.
1828 R. Duppa Trav. Italy 21 These landscapes have no value but as being the earliest attempts to represent scenes from nature.
1845 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 I. iv. 217 Attaching to its commerce and alliance more value than belonged to either.
1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xvii. 205 Buddhism..tells him that each prayer repeated has a certain value in cleansing away sin.
1893 O. Wilde Lady Windermere's Fan iii. 95 Cecil Graham What is a cynic? Lord Darlington A man who knows the price of everything and the value of nothing.
1902 J. M. Baldwin Dict. Philos. & Psychol. II. 823/2 Since value is a function of desire or judgment, expressing a relation between subject and object.
1933 Economica 13 30 Like all human action social behaviour is determined..in accordance with standards of value or through conscious belief in standards assigning intrinsic value to certain types of behaviour.
1989 J. Aiken Blackground i. 19 Endowed with such a hugely inflated sense of her own value, she found none of her companions worth a smile.
2009 J. A. Coyne Why Evol. is True iii. 65 Our appendix is simply the remnant of an organ that was critically important to our leaf-eating ancestors, but of no real value to us.
b. Estimation or opinion of or liking for a person or thing; (formerly also) an instance of this. †Also without prepositional complement: esteem, regard, admiration (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [noun]
talec1175
daintya1250
price?a1300
accounta1393
recommendation1433
conceita1438
opiniona1450
tendershipc1460
regard?1533
sense1565
mense1567
sake1590
eye1597
consideration1598
esteem1611
choicea1616
recommends1623
value1637
appreciation1650
mass1942
the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > [noun] > a view, notion, opinion > on a particular point
sentencec1386
opiniona1393
meaninga1398
belief1528
resentiment1606
value1637
resentment1675
1637 T. Nabbes Hannibal & Scipio iv. v. sig. H4v You cannot there expect A value of your selfe, above the worship Their eyes will give you, when they rudely gaze Vpon your forme.
1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 204 He has a very great Value [Fr. considération] for her by reason of her great Estate.
1700 J. Dryden Fables Ded. sig. B I have enjoyed the patronage of your family... I am not vain enough to boast that I have deserv'd the value of so Illustrious a Line.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. iii. 58 The case was so singular, and my relation to the person and my value of him were so great.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison V. xxviii. 184 The Marquis and Count each took my hand, and..expressed their..high value of me.
1797 T. J. Mathias Pursuits of Lit.: Pt. IV 100 Men of learning have always had a proper value for the Greek language.
1820 New Monthly Mag. Feb. 162/2 He daily drew nearer to his God; and shewed..his high value of the divine attributes of wisdom and contemplation.
1833 W. Hoste Mem. & Lett. II. v. 284 The gratification of feeling the value with which he was regarded by all connected with his profession.
1861 E. C. Gaskell Grey Woman in All Year Round 19 Jan. 348/1 He was eagerly declaring his value for his housekeeper, and repeating how often she had spoken of the happy life she led with him.
1867 Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. 7 June 272/1 The number and price is practical testimony to the value in which these portraits are held.
1891 Green Bag 3 80/2 Gibson had been consistently frank in expressing his low value of popular judgment.
1976 Daily Times (Lagos) 8 June 18/5 The Lagos State Commissioner..has called on people with value for good education, health, water and roads to pay their taxes promptly.
1990 C. S. Bohler When You Need to take Stand i. 21 Her value for the avoidance of conflict with her husband in that particular situation became primary.
c. With distinguishing word: the quality of a thing considered in respect of its ability to serve a specified purpose or cause a particular effect.entertainment, nuisance, shock-value, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > [noun] > measure of a thing's usefulness or quality
value1753
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Ægagrophila, a ball found in the stomach of does and goats... The like are found in the stomach of cows, hogs, &c. and are of no medicinal value.
1809 Farmer's Mag. Aug. 356 The remaining nineteen acres are greatly deteriorated in agricultural value.
1861 Med. Times & Gaz. 27 July 93/2 The nutritional value of tea, coffee, and alcohol, are severally discussed.
1908 Pop. Sci. Monthly July 31 Algebra and geometry have a high practical as well as definite intellectual value.
1962 C. Winston Hours Together vi. 129 In a decade..all this would also be a joke, and the names of these neighbourhoods..would have the same comedy value as the names he had grown up with.
1979 J. Raban Arabia through Looking Glass v. 196 It's a synthetic soil-substitute, better than real soil by far. Its nutritional value's much higher.
2009 Church Times 20 Nov. 6/3 There is absolutely no doubt in my mind as to the missional value of Christian bookshops in the UK.
d. Originally U.S. In plural (frequently collectively). The principles or moral standards held by a person or social group; the generally accepted or personally held judgement of what is valuable and important in life. Also occasionally in singular: any one of these principles or standards.
ΚΠ
1844 R. W. Emerson in Dial Apr. 496 Trade..tends to convert Government into a bureau of intelligence, an Intelligence-Office, where every man may find what he wishes to buy, and expose what he has to sell, not only produce and manufactures, but art, skill, and intellectual and moral values.
1870 R. W. Emerson Society & Solitude (1871) 219 People..who sink trifles, and know solid values.
1874 S. E. Wishard Hist. Half Cent. Celebration First Presbyterian Church Franklin Indiana 226 The loss of the moral values, which the proper observance of the Sabbath had given them, left them a prey to all the vices of the surrounding nations.
1899 W. A. Haussmann & J. Gray tr. F. Nietzsche Geneal. Morals i. 33 The slave-revolt in morality begins by resentment itself becoming creative and giving birth to values.
1918 W. I. Thomas & F. Znaniecki Polish Peasant Europe & Amer. I. 21 By a social value we understand any datum having an empirical content accessible to the members of some social group and a meaning with regard to which it is or may be an object of activity.
1921 Times Lit. Suppl. 3 Nov. 705/4 The novelist..cannot avoid revealing..his spiritual and philosophical bias, his views of society, of religion, his ‘values’.
1938 E. Bowen Death of Heart iii. iv. 394 You've got a completely lunatic set of values.
1955 Times 10 May 8/3 Restoring to Germany the basic values of democratic civilization.
1970 N. Chomsky At War with Asia vi. 299 By their willingness to die, the Asian hordes..exploit our basic weakness—our Christian values which make us reluctant to bear the burden of genocide, the final conclusion of our strategic logic.
2009 I. Thomson Dead Yard i. 17 But America ruled now, and with American values had come Burger King outlets and air-conditioned shopping malls.
7.
†a. Worth or efficacy in combat or warfare; manliness, valour. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > valour > warlike valour > [noun] > warlike excellence
worshipOE
chivalry1297
vassalage1303
bountyc1330
valuea1393
well-doingc1475
war-proofa1616
nine-worthiness1663
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 3410 (MED) The mihti kinges retenue That dai may stonde of no value With worldes strengthe to defende.
a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 184 (MED) The noised thefe called Alexaundre..bringe hym hastly to me, for..your myght and wisedome is grete ynough to fulfille a grettir thing, seing that thei of Grece be of so smale dedis and of no value.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vi. sig. R5v Who..his sword forth drew, And him with equall valew counteruayld.
1614 T. Lodge tr. Seneca Of Benefits in tr. Seneca Wks. 7 The Emperour..giveth a chaine of gold to some one souldier of his that approved his valew in some difficult enterprise.
1689 E. Howard Caroloiades iii. 78 My Pen leaves him now, Till future deeds his value ampler show.
1714 S. Garth Dispensary (ed. 12) v. 47 Your Virtue I admire, your Value more.
b. Worth or worthiness (of a person) in respect of rank or personal qualities.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > worth > [noun] > of personal qualities
valoura1400
value?a1400
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > good repute > reputability or honourableness > [noun]
worshipeOE
worthOE
dignity?c1225
worthsc1225
mund?c1250
pricea1325
worthfulheada1325
valourc1330
dignesse1399
value?a1400
honesty1418
worthiheadc1425
honourabilityc1426
worthihood?1457
sadnessa1513
honourableness1553
respect1567
worshipfulty1589
ingenuity1598
creditableness1647
honorificabilitudinity1656
worshipfulness1663
reputability1792
creditability1805
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 4862 Alle of valow, moste & leste, suld com to London to his feste.
c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 248 (MED) Eueryche of ham hade ful riche ȝiftes, euery man as he was of value and of State.
c1410 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Harl. 7334) (1885) §399 Insolent is he þat dispisith in his iuggement alle oþer folk as to regard of his valieu.
?1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton i. sig. aiiij Thou oughtest to gyue place to hym that is gretter & more of valewe than thou arte.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) ii. l. 721 Þai þat duelt that ile wiþ in War sottis wylde of na walew.
1590 R. Greene Mourning Garment 19 Some were caualiers, and men of great value.
a1639 H. Wotton Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 484 A young Widow of value: Who lately dying..left order by Will that her body should be buried in her dwelling Parish.
1694 B. Keach Golden Mine Opened 38 Dross, Chaff, light and empty Persons, unsound and unsanctified ones,..he rejects..as reprobate Silver, false Coin, People of no value with him.
1769 A. Grey Deb. House of Commons VI. 415 Mr. Powell is a Gentleman of great value; but let every man consider the Right of the Commons of England.
1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate I. x. 256 The conquest of Clara would not be too facile. She was a woman of value, not to be snapped up easily.
1955 A. Einstein in Life 2 May 64 Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value.
1998 R. Stone Damascus Gate xlv. 352 It helped to be perceived as a person of particular value, but..the competition was stiff.

Phrases

P1. of value: of material or monetary worth; important, useful, valuable.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > worth > [adjective]
dearc888
dearworthc888
worthlyeOE
oughtsOE
worthfulOE
aughtOE
richa1225
gildenc1225
of pricea1325
worthya1325
of (‥) valourc1330
prow1340
dearworthyc1374
of value1395
pricefula1400
presc1400
singularc1400
goldena1425
well-foundc1475
valiant1481
prized1487
prowousa1500
valuable1567
prizable1569
valorous1592
suit-worth1594
bully1600
estimable1600
treasurable1607
treasurous?1611
treasured1675
pearly1770
at a premium1828
keep-worthy1830
good value1842
society > trade and finance > monetary value > [adjective] > of specified value
wortheOE
worthy1387
of value1395
of (great, little, etc.) valoura1450
of (great, etc.) valor1467
valiant1590
12 Concl. Lollards (Trin. Hall Cambr.) in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1907) 22 299 Þe correlari is þe preyere of ualue springand out of parfyth charite.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 9199 To precyouse stanes of vertow And to sylver and gold and thing of valow.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 372 Quhar it failȝeys, na wertu May be off price, na off valu.
1535 W. Marshall tr. Marsilius of Padua Def. of Peace i. x. f. 24 A murtherer or manqueller shal be quyet and absolued from..punysshement, so that he do paye money or some other thynge of value.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 1136/1 So likewise did the Spanish soldiors..that could come to finger anie thing of value.
a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 22 Shee [sc. a boat] had litle of value in her.
1695 J. Collier Misc. upon Moral Subj. 183 The almost Omnipresence of an Advantage, is a Circumstance of Value.
1742 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 3) I. 353 The Sands were covered with Country People, running to and fro to see if the Sea had cast up anything of value.
1795 T. Jefferson Let. 8 June in Garden Bk. (1999) 236 This is the plant which the English Government thought of value enough to be procured at public expense from Sweden.
1822 M. Graham Jrnl. 29 June in Captain's Wife (1993) 94 Our lady was taken out dressed in brown satin, and jewels of value.
1849 G. P. R. James Woodman I. iii. 54 There may be news of value indeed.
1896 Naturalist 80 The inclusion of Irish habitats would have been of value in the study of zoogeography.
1920 R. A. Freeman Savant's Vendetta vii. 132 If I am known to be selling things of value, people may make uncharitable remarks.
1968 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 114 827/1 Comparative data..would clearly be of value in confirming or refuting these speculations.
2005 T. Hall Salaam Brick Lane iii. 66 Women lured drunken men into dark alleys where their husbands would cosh and strip them of anything of value.
P2. of —— value: having a specified material or monetary worth; having a specified importance or significance.
ΚΠ
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 124 Oile of olyfe of grete valu.
a1450 ( Libel Eng. Policy (Laud) in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 162 Hit is of lytelle valeue,..Wyth Englysshe wolle but if it menged be.
1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 28 Not al onely these Iewelles whyche been of lytel valewe.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 171 That appartenyth to a feynte herte to lowe myche a thynge of lytill walue.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxiiii When he knewe, the two Erles to bee a praie, of suche a greate value, he determined not to deliuer theim.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. ix. f. 84 Yf this opinion bee of anye value.
1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. iii. 133 Their shops are full of fine earthen vessels, which are of much greater value then the things contained in them.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. i. 54 Our haste from hence is of so quicke condition, That it..leaues vnquestion'd Matters of needfull value . View more context for this quotation
1656 T. Blount Glossographia Micrologie, curiosity about things of no value; a speaking or treating of petty affairs.
1709 T. Robinson Ess. Nat. Hist. Westmorland & Cumberland vii. 37 Lead and Coal,..being of a disagreeable Nature, the one makes the other of little Value.
1779 S. Johnson Milton in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets II. 20 Selvaggi praised him in a distich, and Salsilli in a tetrastick; neither of them of much value.
1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (at cited word) Niffnaffs, articles that are small and of little value.
1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 413 A tower, with a fireproof chamber for the muniments and jewels of especial value.
1902 T. L. De Vinne Pract. Typogr.: Correct Composition 246 A knowledge of grammar is of great value in enabling a compositor to punctuate properly.
1948 R. M. Pearl Pop. Gemol. iii. 118 Associated with diamond in the great mines of Kimberley are found several other gems of much less value but considerable interest.
2002 Backwoods Home Mag. July 48/1 Many people call 911 and report an armed robbery when in fact someone has..shoplifted something of minor value.
P3. under value: below the proper value.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > [adverb] > below proper or usual value
underfoot1576
under value1608
underhand1617
at a discount1792
1608 Bp. J. Hall Characters Vertues & Vices ii. 168 He is an ill prizer of forraine commoditie; worse of his own: for, that, he rates too hie, this vnder value.
1638 D. Featley Transubstant. Exploded 9 The fifth was nominated to a poore Vicaridge under vallew.
1729 Cases Court King's Bench conc. Settlements & Removals 84 Then there comes another Order setting forth the Land was let under Value, and that the Feoffees were negligent in their Parts.
1772 Gentleman's Mag. June 275/2 These they stiled lumber, and rated them so much under value, as to be able to pay the duty of seventy-five per cent.
1815 W. Davies Gen. View Agric. & Domest. Econ. S. Wales I. iv. 175 My lease tenants enter their farms at a rent somewhat under value.
1878 Irish Law Times 6 Apr. 180/2 The houses are let considerably under value.
1900 Manch. Guardian 17 Nov. 10/2 Complaints as to goods being sold under value are heard.
1980 H. J. Davidson & F. Szirbik tr. L. Zelkó Internat. Value, Internat. Prices iii. 116 The market price of gold has risen... This fact does not prove either that gold had before been exchanged at prices under value.
2001 West Austral. (Perth) (Nexis) 12 Sept. 51 The board has argued the bid is well under value, considering the company's cash backing.
P4. transitive. to add value to: to increase the worth of; (in later use) spec. (of a process of manufacture or other enhancement) to improve (raw materials, a product, etc.) so as to increase the value or selling price; cf. value-added adj.
ΚΠ
1613 F. Beaumont Masque of Inner Temple & Grayes Inne sig. B Let your good word grace it..which is able to adde value to the greatest, and least matters.
1660 G. Sheldon Davids Deliv. & Thanksgiving 30 The Giver commends the gift; the hand it comes from, adds value to it.
1709 R. Steele & J. Addison Tatler No. 101. 366 I..have, for the Service of my Friends who frequent his Shop, used the Force of Magical Powers to add Value to his Wares.
1768 W. Gilpin Ess. Prints v. 241 He was mistaken, when he thought he added value to his print by the alteration.
1831 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 9 May The respect and esteem they carry with them in their retirement, adds value to the affluence acquired by their industry and integrity.
1889 Southeastern Reporter 8 595 The so-called improvements..had added no value whatever to the property.
1903 Amer. Economist 30 Oct. 206/3 The latter processes add value to things produced, but it must always be kept in mind that they do not add anything to the quantity of things produced.
1949 R. Ruggles Introd. National Income & Income Anal. i. 9 Manufacturing adds value to existing raw materials.
1989 A. Lorenz Fighting Chance vi. 210 Value Added Network Services ( vans), which literally add value to telephone networks by enabling them to provide new data-based services.
2004 Media Week 4 May 48/1 (advt.) You'll be able to add value to the business through effective data interpretation and report-writing skills.
P5. to set —— value on also upon: to estimate as having a specified worth or importance.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > estimate [phrase] > value at specific rate
to set (so) little (or lite), (so) much (or mickle, a great deal), less, least, more, most byc1374
to set at (much, little) storec1386
to set (great, etc.) store byc1386
to set little, more, nought, not, of1390
to make much (also little, nothing, too much, etc.) of (or on)c1395
accounta1450
to set greatly, littly, lightly, so, etc. by1530
to conceive well, ill, etc. (of)1535
count1602
to set —— value on also upon1625
1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes III. iii. xxi. 641 They sell to the Tartars both Noble and Ignoble captiues..because the Chan being vitiated with the Merchants gifts hath set a great value on them.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xviii. 92 Considering what values men are naturally apt to set upon themselves.
1693 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §62 But the Backwardness Parents shew in divulging their Faults, will make them set a greater Value on their Credit themselves.
a1763 W. King Polit. & Lit. Anecd. (1819) 101 My Lord Hardwick..who is said to be worth 800,000 l. sets the same value on half a crown now as he did when he was only worth one hundred.
1782 E. Burke Corr. (1844) III. 7 You set too much value on the few and slight services, that I have been able to perform.
1836 A. Combe Physiol. Digestion ii. iii. 277 No one who sets any value on the lives of his horses or dogs, ever allows it to be disregarded.
1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. I. 64 Wolsey set much value upon the study of Greek.
1890 Cornhill Mag. Oct. 365 I must see what value the kafir sets on his services.
1921 Conquest Sept. 480/1 His business is to set a value on the teas up for sale.
1961 E. W. Parks W. G. Simms as Literary Critic ii. 19 Possibly as a rationalization of his own defects, Simms tended to set a low value on artistry.
1998 A. Weir Elizabeth the Queen iv. 71 For someone who normally set a high value on the good opinion of her people, she appeared to care not a jot what they were thinking.
†P6. at a small value: at a low or small price. Also (in same sense) to good value. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > low price or rate > [adverb]
at a small valuea1652
a1652 A. Wilson Hist. Great Brit. (1653) f. 280 Copt-Hall (a Noble Seat in Essex) came to his hand from this Lady at a small value; which is the principal House he left to his Family.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1683 (1955) IV. 330 He..shewed me divers very rare & curious bookes, & some Manuscripts he had purchas'd to good value.
1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 387 How is his Edition so scarce, that..may be purchas'd at a small value?
1755 W. Guthrie tr. Cicero Offices Pref. p. xx Many a fine Picture, for Instance, has gone at an under Value by Men..putting them up at Auctions at a small Value.
1791 Parl. Reg. Ireland XI. 423 The excess of sale beyond that of consumption at that season, would..cause the whole surplus to be exported at a small value.
1856 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 84/2 I can discover several properties that once belonged to me, and which I disposed of at a small value.
1882 H. F. French Let. 13 Dec. in C. J. Folger Synopsis of Decisions Treasury Dept. Constr. Tariff, Navigation & Other Laws (1883) 358 Certain paintings on silk and paper, invoiced at a small value.., not being works of art, were not entitled to admission as paintings.
P7. Finance. value received: (on a bill of exchange or promissory note) used to acknowledge or confirm that payment, goods, or services to the value of the bill or note have been received. Frequently in for value received.
ΚΠ
1678 J. Vernon Compl. Compting-house 97 At double Usance pay this my first Bill of Exchange unto Mr. J. A. or Order, the Sum of six hundred Crowns, at 54 d. per Crown, for Value received of Mr. J. D.
1701 A. J. Compl. Acct. Portugueze Lang. Appendix sig. Ff3/2 Please to pay..the Sum of Two Hundred and Fifty Pounds Sterling in Currant Money of England, Value received of Mr. J. D. at time make good payment.
1777 Public Advertiser 6 Nov. 4/4 Thirty Days after Date pay Messrs. Glover and York, or Order, Eighteen Pounds and Six-pence, Value received, as advised.
1819 in R. V. Barnewall & C. Cresswell Rep. Cases King's Bench (1828) VII. 280 Six months after date pay to my order 1560l., for value received.
1876 St. Louis Globe-Democrat 1 Nov. 7/2 No other instrument except a bill of exchange wanting the words ‘value received’ can be negotiable in Missouri.
1942 R. Pound Admin. Law 126 The realist's promissory note would read: ‘Ninety days after date for value received I predict that I shall be able and willing to pay John Doe or order one hundred dollars.’
1998 G. Szurovy Aircraft Partnership App. 238 For value received, the undersigned Peter Piper, promises to pay to Paul Pan the sum of ten thousand ($10000.00) dollars with interest from the date of this note on the unpaid principal at the rate of 10.80% per annum.
2003 Michigan Lawyers Weekly (Nexis) 22 Sept. Plaintiff contends that the language ‘Value Received’ found in the promissory note is sufficient for this Court to conclude that there was sufficient consideration to enforce the note against defendant.
P8.
value for money n. reasonableness of cost of something in view of its perceived quality, etc.; something which is well worth the money spent; frequently attributive (usually with hyphens).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > [noun] > sufficient return for payment or trouble
pennyworth1340
value for money1832
bang for the buck1953
1806 R. Cumberland Mem. (1807) II. 151 We hardly could be said to have had value for our money.]
1832 Christian Examiner & Church of Ireland Mag. Feb. 586 Whether right or otherwise, value for money is now the test of utility.
1894 All Year Round 7 Apr. 324/1 Snip has no hesitation in affirming that they are the best value for money that ever yet was offered.
1902 W. S. Churchill in R. S. Churchill Winston S. Churchill (1969) II. Compan. i. 132 The first limitation is therefore the restriction of a committee on estimates to the ‘merit’ or ‘value for money’ aspect of expenditure.
1929 Radio Times 8 Nov. 444/3 Lissen are famed for the keen value-for-money of every component.
1951 Sport 7–13 Jan. 14/4 This show is but the first of the season at Streatham but will be the forerunner of many more value-for-money promotions at the South London hall.
1984 Times 30 Apr. 25/3 The marketing manager will be impressed by an easy-to-handle, value-for-money approach.
2006 Digital Camera Buyer No. 43. 37/3 Each camera receives an overall score based on Features, Ease Of Use, Quality Of Results and Value For Money.
P9. good value: worth the money spent; (in later use also colloquial) entertaining, worthy of interest or attention.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > worth > [adjective]
dearc888
dearworthc888
worthlyeOE
oughtsOE
worthfulOE
aughtOE
richa1225
gildenc1225
of pricea1325
worthya1325
of (‥) valourc1330
prow1340
dearworthyc1374
of value1395
pricefula1400
presc1400
singularc1400
goldena1425
well-foundc1475
valiant1481
prized1487
prowousa1500
valuable1567
prizable1569
valorous1592
suit-worth1594
bully1600
estimable1600
treasurable1607
treasurous?1611
treasured1675
pearly1770
at a premium1828
keep-worthy1830
good value1842
1842 Dublin Med. Press 18 May 318/2 What rent did he receive from the former tenant? Was the land good value at that rent?
1868 W. R. Trench Realities Irish Life ix. 143 The late agent said it was good value, little cabin and all, for 7s. 6d. a year.
1920 C. à Court Repington First World War xxxvi. 372 If I could get Philip Langdon to talk to me about affairs he would be good value as he knew everything about politics.
1937 W. H. Auden & L. MacNeice Lett. from Iceland xii. 161 The geyser was better value, it went off.
1961 J. B. Priestley Saturn over Water vii. 104 Her eyes shone with excitement. Either the Garlettas were exceptionally good value or she was longing to get out of this house.
1987 E. Ronay Bird's Eye Guide Healthy Eating Out 174 Wholemeal quiches are good value—consult the blackboard for daily specials.
2001 Times 26 Feb. (Sport section) 9/5 With Mike Catt in effervescent form, scoring two second-half tries..Bath were good value for their win.
P10. face value: see face value n. at face n. Compounds 2.

Compounds

C1.
a. attributive (in sense 1a), as value growth, value-weight, etc.
ΚΠ
1854 in R. Tomes Amer. in Japan 410 In Japan, as in European countries, the standard of value-weight, and that of currency-weight, differ.
1890 W. H. Dawson Unearned Increment ii. 13 Every large town furnishes examples in abundance of this species of value-growth.
1928 E. Paul & C. Paul tr. K. Marx Capital i. 18 The relative value form of the linen implies..that some other commodity is contraposed to the linen in the equivalent form.
1974 New German Critique No. 3. 157 A thing may be the product of human labor without assuming the value-form... Marx cites the case of the Medieval peasant producing rent-corn for his feudal lord and tithe-corn for his parson.
1990 Harvard Business Rev. Mar. 58/1 Executives can divide up their companies' value chains..and..coordinate all essential activities more effectively to meet customers' needs.
2006 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 8 Oct. iii. 28/5 Like other stable value funds in 401(k) plans, it was not a mutual fund but a collective trust.
b. attributive (in sense 6), as value attitude, value experience, etc.
ΚΠ
1904 G. Galloway Stud. Philos. of Relig. ii. 91 Is there a normal human nature whose value-experiences are regulative?
1910 Mind 19 227 Our æsthetic, ethical and directly sensational judgments are all expressions of the fundamental value-attitude in specifically different relations.
1921 A. H. Hannay & R. G. Collingwood tr. G. de Ruggiero Mod. Philos. iii. 76 He can explain the products as the application of value-standards.
1933 M. Oakeshott Experience v. 286 Value-experiences must not be neglected when we are considering experience as a whole.
1935 R. Carnap Philos. & Logical Syntax 23 But actually a value statement is nothing else than a command in a misleading grammatical form.
1947 Mind 56 259 It is notoriously difficult to hold a simple analytical correspondence theory of the truth of value propositions.
1952 R. M. Hare Lang. Morals i. 8 ‘Bad’ is a value-word, and therefore prescriptive.
1957 R. Lepley Lang. of Value 212 A value proposition..hides more than it shows. In order to understand the validity of value propositions we must examine the value pattern.
1964 A. Edel in I. L. Horowitz New Social. 220 Some value-attitudes..are ushered into the inner sanctum of science.
1977 A. Giddens Stud. in Social & Polit. Theory i. 91 The initial statement conceals a value premise.
1988 Parl. Affairs 41 417 The legitimacy of a political order requires..two things: a value consensus between the governing and the governed, and a confidence of the governed.
c. Objective.
(a) With present participles and verbal nouns, as value-creating, value-enhancing, value-giving, value-making, etc.
ΚΠ
1824 Oriental Herald Dec. 530 The general value rises or falls with the balance of those value-giving qualifications for or against the declarant.
1875 Academy 24 July 86/3 The owner of a waterfall, the owner of a steam engine, and the owner of an inventive brain, all possess value-creating powers.
1932 Mind 41 216 The several associations of ‘meaning’ with intellectual interpretativeness, value-carrying, and purposefulness are being confounded.
1973 C. F. Tate Search for Method in Amer. Stud. Econ. v. 95 Man as a value-creating organism has faced similar problems in every culture in every age throughout history.
1998 Mirror (Nexis) 2 Sept. 11 We could see the share price rise in the near term on the back of extensions to plant life and further value-enhancing investment overseas.
2005 M. Kuwahara Tattoo vi. 196 The chapter also aims to explain what tattooing as a way of manipulating the body means to the inmates in the process of value-making.
(b) With agent nouns, as value-giver, value maximizer, value-seeker, etc.
ΚΠ
1889 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) 21 Aug. 8/4 (advt.) Popular value givers in clothes, hats, shoes and furnishings.
a1918 R. S. Bourne Hist. Literary Radical (1956) 257 Our intellectuals have failed us as value-creators, even as value-emphasizers.
1922 Printers' Ink 24 Aug. 6/2 From a nation of careless buyers, we have been transformed into one of shrewd, almost expert, value-seekers.
1990 Atlantic Jan. 58/2 Human beings are value-maximizers, which is to say that they will always try to make the best possible situation for themselves.
2001 N.Y. Times 18 Mar. iii. 1/4 Why bother with the ways of Graham and Dodd, the classic value-hunters, when Wall Street was offering investors the lure of new investing metrics?
d. Instrumental.
(a) With first element in singular form, as value-based, value-driven, etc.See also value-laden adj., value-loaded adj., value-oriented adj. at Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1922 J. A. Leighton Man & Cosmos 272 The continuity of direction in the whole process [sc. evolution] can be understood fully in terms akin to what in human life is meant by value-inspired activity.
1967 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 113 453/1 The existentialist terminology, with its moralizing and value-charged undertone, has so far had little attraction for medical men.
1997 Austral. Financial Rev. (Nexis) 20 Sept. 25 Traditional accountancy measures have been replaced by value-based management as a strategic measure of company performance in Australia.
2005 Time 4 July 33/3 If you know our history..you'll know we are a value-driven company.
(b) With first element in plural form, as values-based, values-related, etc.See also values-oriented adj. at Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1966 Elem. School Jrnl. Feb. 280/2 The comparison group asked only four values-related questions in the pre-test.
1986 D. C. Smith in R. A. Wright & J. A. Burden Teaching in Small College v. 65 This may be the case at some schools with a high degree of faculty/administrative consensus, a clear, values-laden ethos, and a tight curriculum.
1991 Chicago Aug. 47/1 We provide values-based, religious education.
2010 Western Daily Press (Nexis) 4 Nov. 27 As a values-driven company, we passionately believe that staff should be encouraged to develop and learn as much as possible.
C2.
value-adding adj. that increases the value of something; spec. designating a process of manufacture or other enhancement which adds value to raw materials; cf. value-added adj.
ΚΠ
1948 H. T. Lewis Procurem. 501 The most important value-adding operation from the competitive standpoint was the printing work done on the boxes.
1966 Amer. Econ. Rev. 56 244 For many minerals the calculation of the allowance has come to be based..on income derived after application of several value-adding processes.
1996 Weekly Times (Austral.) (Nexis) 18 Dec. 42 A fence can be one of the most useful and value-adding features of a house or garden.
2007 P. Kambewa et al. Charcoal iv. 12 The value-adding activities at the production sites are the conversion of trees and labour into charcoal, and packaging.
value analysis n. the systematic and critical assessment by an organization of every feature of a product to ensure that its cost is no greater than is necessary to carry out its functions.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > [noun] > money matters > critical assessment of
value analysis1902
1902 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 16 364 There are, then, three important concepts, each of them purely subjective, involved in the value analysis,—utility, marginal utility, and marginal relative utility.
1963 Engineering 9 Aug. 162/1 When good engineering, manufacturing and purchasing practices are supplemented by value analysis, the cost of a product..can be reduced by up to 25 per cent.
2003 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 21 Sept. vi. 4 (advt.) Loan Workout Officers... You will be responsible for workout underwriting and analysis of collateral, financial and present/future value analysis.
value analyst n. a person who undertakes a value analysis.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > [noun] > one who analyses costs, etc.
value analyst1920
1920 System Sept. 535 (advt.) Is it difficult to answer—to forecast the future of the professional accountant, the business technician, the value analyst?
1969 J. Argenti Managem. Techniques 265 Some companies establish permanent teams under a Value Analyst.
1999 C. Alexander Streetsmart Guide to Timing Stock Market ii. 11 The value analyst looks at the potential for a stock on the basis of tangible value on the balance sheet.
value calling n. (a) Bridge a system of estimating bids which takes into account the scoring values of the suits; (b) Poker calling rather than raising a bet from another player when holding a strong hand, in order to maximise potential winnings by keeping other players in the hand as long as possible.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > actions or tactics > call > bidding > systems of bidding
majority calling1927
value calling1927
Culbertson1929
Blackwood convention1937
Acol system1938
McKenney convention1939
Stayman1952
Nottingham1954
Blackwood1958
1927 Daily Express 8 Nov. 1/5 We do not consider that there is any general desire for the adoption of majority calling in place of value calling.
1931 Times 19 Sept. 15/3 I have never seen or heard a really sound or logical defence of value calling.
2006 V. H. Royer Powerful Profits from Tournament Poker iv. 186 Doing so will make value calling more profitable.
value engineering n. the modification of designs and systems according to value analysis.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > engineering > [noun] > branches of
waterwork?a1560
civil engineeringc1770
water engineering1787
millwrighting1821
engineering science1826
hydraulic engineering1835
river engineering1842
structural engineering1859
industrial engineering1860
chemical engineering1861
sanitary engineering1868
biological engineering1898
control engineering1914
radio engineering1915
environmental engineering1946
systems engineering1946
bioengineering1950
value engineering1959
biomedical engineering1961
geoengineering1962
macro-engineering1964
microengineering1964
terotechnology1970
hydroengineering1971
civil1975
mechatronics1976
knowledge engineering1977
1959 Ship & Boat Builder Oct. 349 (heading) Can value engineering cut costs?
1973 Lebende Sprachen 18 73/1 Value engineering is a technique for reducing total cost while maintaining or improving the overall usefulness of the product or service.
2009 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Oct. 120/1 The Kemps have a valiant aversion to value engineering in their projects.
value-free adj. free from criteria imposed by subjective values or standards; purely objective; cf. value-neutral adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > absence of prejudice > [adjective] > taking neutral stance
neuter1494
neutral1494
neuter1525
indifferenta1538
neuterlike1556
neutralizing1602
neutralist1648
colourless1793
achromatic1799
uncommitted1814
(to stand or sit) on or upon the fence1828
non-committal1829
non-partisan1843
whitey-brown1892
middle of the road1894
neutralistic1914
value-free1916
value-neutral1929
middle road1951
non-aligned1954
unaligned1961
1916 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 13 454 I am willing for the sake of argument to admit the purely factual value-free character of ‘tendency’.
1949 J. A. Passmore in H. Feigl & M. Brodbeck Readings in Philos. of Sci. (1953) 674 (heading) Can the social sciences be value-free?
2002 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 7 Nov. 56/1 If religious polemic was to convince, it had to meet the requirements of modern scholarship, supposedly impartial and value-free.
value freedom n. the state of being value-free; objectiveness.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > absence of prejudice > [noun] > absence of definite stance
neutralitya1513
neutralism1579
neutralizing1643
third place1757
non-committal1833
non-committalism1838
fence-ridinga1859
non-partisanship1875
middle of the road1891
fence-sitting1904
value freedom1959
1959 P. Rieff Freud viii. 299 Scientific energies, by the facile transformation of the objectivity necessary to science into..‘value-freedom’, are easily enlisted to the aims of society, whatever these may be.
1997 J. Bernardes Family Stud. iii. 58 The search for objectivity and value freedom is an illusion.
value judgement n. a judgement attributing merit or demerit to something according to certain standards or priorities. [Originally after German Werturteil (1823 or earlier as Werthurtheil; mid 19th cent. in specific theological use by Ritschl).]
ΚΠ
1889 D. W. Simon tr. L. Stählin Kant, Lotze, & Ritschl iii. iii. 207 But if Christ is my Lord through that which He has done and suffered for my salvation, and if I honour Him as my God in the act of trusting the power of His grace for my salvation's sake, that is a value-judgment of a direct kind.
1892 J. Orr in Thinker 2 146 Two kinds of knowledge are distinguished by Ritschl—the one, religious knowledge which moves solely in the region of what he calls worth or value-judgments.
1903 H. W. Stuart in J. Dewey Stud. Logical Theory x. 326 The physical object is, nevertheless, permanent, it will be said, and this surely distinguishes it from the object (now freely acknowledged as such) of the value-judgment.
1941 T. S. Eliot in Choice of Kipling's Verse 35 When I contrast ‘verse’ with ‘poetry’ I am not, in this context, implying a value judgement.
1975 Amer. Notes & Queries 14 53/2 Robert Frost's penchant for ‘the fact’ (as in ‘Mowing’) provides a useful measuring stick for determining the worth of value judgments about him.
2000 M. S. Kimmel & A. Aronson Gendered Society Reader 73 Bem offers no value judgements about the person's eventual sexual orientation, but offers a psychological model of how he or she acquires it.
value-laden adj. = value-loaded adj.
ΚΠ
1936 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 1 923 Note the value laden terms in which social organization and disorganization are defined.
1971 Times Lit. Suppl. 13 Aug. 958/4 For them, even the internal content of science is value-laden, and to some extent ideologically determined.
2001 School Sci. Rev. Dec. 67/1 A third view..accepts that science is value-laden and that scientific experiments cannot be separated from the social context.
value-ladenness n. the state or condition of being value-laden.
ΚΠ
1968 Stud. Philos. & Educ. 6 304 His value-laden definitions, which we here provide with italics to indicate value-ladenness, do little..in the way of providing a..reasonable orientation for anyone.
1978 M. Hesse in C. Hookway & P. Pettit Action & Interpr. 8 A distinction between two sorts of ‘value-ladenness’ in social science.
2008 M. C. Moldoveanu & R. L. Martin Future of MBA i. 35 The value-ladenness of theories of behavior (and cognition) is an additional complication to the conundra [sic] we have discussed previously.
value-loaded adj. weighted or biased in favour of certain values.
ΚΠ
1947 B. M. Selekman Labor Relations & Human Relations 137 Only translation of their value-loaded goal of cooperation into the realities of concrete human behavior in the shop can indicate the difficulties of the job we thus impose upon these administrators.
1974 tr. W. F. Wertheim Evol. & Revol. 35 To state that a given situation shows ‘progress’ or ‘evolution’.. in relation to another situation implies the use of value-loaded criteria.
2003 J. Bekkenkamp in J. Bekkenkamp & Y. Sherwood Sanctified Aggression 229 When..killers can be called martyrs we need a new series of value-loaded words to detect belief systems.
value-neutral adj. involving no value judgements, neutral with respect to (personal or group) values.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > absence of prejudice > [adjective] > taking neutral stance
neuter1494
neutral1494
neuter1525
indifferenta1538
neuterlike1556
neutralizing1602
neutralist1648
colourless1793
achromatic1799
uncommitted1814
(to stand or sit) on or upon the fence1828
non-committal1829
non-partisan1843
whitey-brown1892
middle of the road1894
neutralistic1914
value-free1916
value-neutral1929
middle road1951
non-aligned1954
unaligned1961
1929 S. Hook in Ess. in Honor John Dewey xii. 171 We understand an institution, a personality, and emotion by relating them to a purpose which defines some value or meaning whole; we explain them in terms of the structure of value-neutral determinants.
1979 Dædalus Winter 55 ‘Excellence’ is not a value-neutral concept.
2009 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 5 Sept. 24 I don't agree that black is inherently hurtful. In everyday usage black is value-neutral.
value orientation n. the direction given to a person's attitudes and thinking by his or her beliefs or standards; an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > [noun] > way of thinking
perspective1605
way of thinking1650
view1713
framework1754
ideology1896
value system1912
frame of reference1921
value orientation1940
blik1950
theology1962
1940 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 45 847 The more general variations of value orientation which can be shown empirically to exist between widely differing social systems.
1989 Word 40 39 It can define any value orientation toward what it says and/or toward what others say: appropriateness, usefulness, morality, pleasurability.
2006 Wyoming Tribune-Eagle (Nexis) 22 Mar. c2 This research does suggest that wildlife value orientations are changing in the West.
value-oriented adj. guided or directed by certain beliefs or standards.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > [adjective]
perspectivala1866
ideological1873
value-oriented1938
theological1959
values-oriented1959
1938 C. W. Morris in G. H. Mead Philos. of Act Introd. p. lxvii Mead's variety of pragmatism proves at the end to be a value-oriented philosophy of a distinctive sort.
1962 N. J. Smelser Theory Collective Behav. iii. 49 Behind a vast array of religious and political value-oriented movements lie the same kinds of strain.
1994 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) May 132/1 One is value-oriented in everything.
value pluralism n. Philosophy any theory which asserts the existence of an irreducible plurality of basic (esp. moral) values, which are not necessarily always compatible with one another.
ΚΠ
1935 A. Locke in H. M. Kallen & S. Hook Amer. Philos. Today & Tomorrow 328 Consistent value pluralism might eventually make possible a value loyalty not necessarily founded on value bigotry.
1978 Proc. Aristotelian Soc. 79 271 Aristotle himself is sometimes cited as a witness for value pluralism.
2009 Guardian (Nexis) 21 Mar. 34 In a world of value pluralism there is no single right answer to the question of how we ought to live our lives.
value proposition n. Business and Marketing (a summary outlining) the specific factor intended to make something attractive to the consumer.
ΚΠ
1986 Grocer 13 Sept. 4/1 Price competitiveness is necessary but it is no longer sufficient. Other factors such as convenience, choice and quality all form part of the value proposition to the consumer.
1999 F. J. LePla & L. M. Parker Integrated Branding xviii. 276 An effective value proposition should lead to a brand-customer relationship and drive purchase decisions.
2002 P. Kotler et al. Marketing Moves iv. 86 Offering one-stop shopping for a product category and all related items is another innovative value proposition... Wal-Mart has positioned itself as a one-stop life-needs provider.
values-oriented adj. = value-oriented adj.
ΚΠ
1959 Philos. East & West 9 160 Perhaps Western values-oriented thought would benefit if we were consciously to ground our thinking about values in actual or possible experience of value.
1990 D. J. Kirby et al. Ambitious Dreams iv. 64 Faculty attempt to adjust their courses to make them more values-oriented, student-centered, or content-relevant.
2009 Business World (Nexis) 18 Sept. We have many sterling examples of values-oriented advertising.
value system n. any set of connected or interdependent values.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > [noun] > way of thinking
perspective1605
way of thinking1650
view1713
framework1754
ideology1896
value system1912
frame of reference1921
value orientation1940
blik1950
theology1962
1912 Psychol. Bull. 9 445 Every nation or epoch has its more or less peculiar value system, made up of related parts: any one can see that the values of the Middle Ages were very different from our own.
1969 Listener 3 July 3/1 Two American sociologists examined the value system of a small rural town in the American Mid-West.
2006 Elle Girl Mar. 140/3 The prom culture of drinking, sex and rampant materialism (limos, gowns, those pricey photo packages) isn't in keeping with their schools' ‘value systems’.
value theory n. (a) Political Economy the Marxist labour theory of value, which relates the value of a commodity to the labour and cost of its production; (b) Philosophy axiology.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > specific theories or doctrines > value theory
value theory1871
labour theory of value1888
imputation1893
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > [noun] > axiology
axiology1908
value theory1941
1871 P. Barry Workman's Wrongs, & Workman's Rights ii. v. 90 As the amount of money is to the quantity of services and commodities, so is the value of services and commodities: a smaller amount of money, more value... Such is our value theory.
1887 G. B. Shaw Let. 17 May (1965) I. 169 Socialism does not stand or fall by the Value Theory.
1941 Mind 50 198 The contributions to aesthetics, value-theory, theology and Spinozistic lore have all..been published before.
1966 S. Beer Decision & Control x. 221 We are now in the field of value theory, the subject which attempts to bring managerial value judgments within the compass of decision theory.
1991 Struct. Change & Econ. Dynamics 2 196 This law of costs plays almost the same role in value theory as quantity theory plays in monetary theory.
2009 South China Morning Post (Hong Kong) (Nexis) 24 Sept. 14 This is the reverse of Marx's value theory, whereby workers create things of value and it is the capitalists who feed off the surplus while underpaying their workers.

Derivatives

ˈvaluewards adv. rare
ΚΠ
1878 F. A. Walker Money xiii. 263 The bi-metallic theory proposes to harness two metals of somewhat diverse tendencies value~wards.
2008 N. Rescher Being & Value i. 17 As water gravitates downwards, so reality gravities valuewards—as simply a ‘law of nature’ as it were.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

valuev.

Brit. /ˈvaljuː/, U.S. /ˈvælju/
Forms: Middle English–1600s valew, late Middle English– value, 1500s–1600s valewe, 1500s–1700s vallue, 1600s ualue, 1600s vallew, 1600s vallewe, 1600s vauled (past participle, probably transmission error); English regional 1700s–1800s valley, 1800s– vallie, 1800s– vally; Scottish pre-1700 valaw, pre-1700 valew, pre-1700 valow, pre-1700 valve, pre-1700 walait (past participle), pre-1700 walew, pre-1700 wallow, pre-1700 walow, pre-1700 1700s vallow, pre-1700 1700s– value, 1800s vailee, 1800s valie, 1900s– vaillie.
Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly formed within English, by conversion. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: value n.; French valuer.
Etymology: Probably partly < value n., and partly < Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French †valuer to be worth (early 14th cent.), to consolidate (15th cent.), to evaluate (1599), probably < value value n. (compare Old French, Middle French avaluer (1283), Middle French, French évaluer : see evaluation n.). Compare post-classical Latin valuare (from a1547 in British sources; < English); Spanish valuar (early 17th cent.), Italian valutare (a1600).
I. To estimate the value of.
1.
a. transitive. To estimate the value of (goods, property, etc.); to appraise, esp. professionally, in respect of value.In quot. 1667 intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > be valued at [verb (transitive)] > set value on
praisea1325
extendc1330
appraise1424
value1434
value1439
setc1460
valure1487
appreciate1512
rate1555
estimate1611
put1755
1434 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) IV. 240 And þat al maner marchandise comyng into þis land..shal be seen by þe custumers or þat it come in to þe marchantes house þat oweth it and þat it so seen shal be valued by þe seid marchantes.
1509–10 Act 1 Hen. VIII c. 20 in Statutes of Realm (1817) III. 21 Merchaundisez..to be valued after that they coste at the firste byeng or achate.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lev. xxvii. 12 Ye prest shal value it, whether it be good or bad, & it shal stonde at the prestes valuynge.
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 19 The Presents had not yet been valu'd, among which was the Cabinet.., which could not be valu'd but by them.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 571 Weigh with her thy self; Then value . View more context for this quotation
1698 S. Patrick Comm. Lev. xxv. 533 The labour and service that he had done him, was to be valued, as they would do that of an Hireling (who wrought for so much, by day or by year).
1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 197 For Labour and Wood..which has not been valued, but put at least at 25 Rixdollars.
1780 E. Burke Speech Oeconomical Reformation 33 I propose to have those rights of the crown valued as manerial rights are valued on an inclosure.
1828 P. Bingham Rep. Court Common Pleas 4 59 He was entitled, therefore, to have it valued under the commission, like any other contingent debt.
1872 J. Morley Voltaire iv. 195 Voltaire got his bill back, and the jewels were to be duly valued.
1920 Cosmopolitan Aug. 126/3 Bruce lifted the box rather tenderly. ‘I'll have it valued and send you a check’.
1967 Appraisal Terminol. & Handbk. (Amer. Inst. Real Estate Appraisers) (ed. 5) 118 The building is valued independently of the land.
2004 New Yorker 7 June 80/3 One of them..would tell her to take it to Trethowans, the local jewellers, to have it valued.
b. transitive. To rate for purposes of taxation. Frequently with at. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > levy (a tax) [verb (transitive)] > value for taxation
assize1523
value1526
cess1598
mise1673
assess1809
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke ii. f. lxxiiijv All the woorlde shulde be valued.
1797 tr. in R. Townson Trav. Hungary iv. 135 The peasant is valued at 1 [Deca.].
1842 Rep. Comm. Poor Rate Valuations, Ireland 274 in Parl. Papers XXIX. 1 Valued the estate of Mr Cole Hamilton... He made about 50 miles of road; intended to make more, but has ceased. It is valued at a higher rate on that account.
1872 Rep. Sel. Comm. Gen. Valuation 173 in Parl. Papers VII. 1 Suppose a man is valued at 100l. a year, and he pays the landlord 160l. a year.
1908 Parl. Deb. 4th Ser. 184 875 Is he going to say that the smaller cottager might have had the big house, and that, therefore, he is to be valued at the higher rate?
c. transitive. With immaterial object. Formerly also †intransitive with of. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1541 M. Coverdale tr. H. Bullinger Christen State Matrimonye f. xxxviii The losse of a good thing shulde be valued after the estimacion of the owner.
1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 56 Vertue cannot be valued.
1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. C2 The country swaines can not value of my woorth.
1623 J. Heming & H. Condell in W. Shakespeare Comedies, Hist. & Trag. (folio) Ep. Ded. sig. A2 When we valew the places your H.H. sustaine, we cannot but know their dignity greater, then to descend to the reading of these trifles.
1676 M. Hale Contempl. Moral & Divine i. 513 The Lord, who can best try, And value what is best, did pass it by.
1707 J. Norris Pract. Treat. Humility vi. 262 A good name..is a valuable, or if you will, an invaluable thing, not to be valued by money.
1826 C. Fry Assistant of Educ. Oct. 201 They have..calculated, valued, and judged of things, as Jesus did when he walked those paths before them.
1880 Littell's Living Age 10 July 70/2 If we wish to correctly value the force of the..suicidal tendency, we must add a good deal for undetected cases and for failures.
1919 T. S. Eliot in Egoist Sept. 55/1 You cannot value him alone; you must set him, for contrast and comparison, among the dead.
2.
a. transitive. To estimate or appraise as being worth a specified sum or amount. With †after, at, †to, or with infinitive.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > be valued at [verb (transitive)] > set value on
praisea1325
extendc1330
appraise1424
value1434
value1439
setc1460
valure1487
appreciate1512
rate1555
estimate1611
put1755
1439–40 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1439 §13. m. 15 Alle suche maner of merchaundy of every merchaunt denisen, to be valued aftir that they cost at the first byeng or achate.
1454–5 in Trans. Bristol & Gloucs. Archaeol. Soc. 1890–1 (1891) 15 162 Whiche broke syluer is valued at the price of xxvjs iijd.
1482 W. Caxton in tr. Higden's Prolicionycion viii. i. f. ccclxxxxj They hadde as moche good and Iewellys, as was valewyd to fyue honderde thousand motons of Golde.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lev. xxvii. 16 It shalbe valued at fiftye Sycles of syluer.
1548 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) at Aestimo He valewed it at iii. pence.
1627 Rep. Parishes Scotl. (Bannatyne Club) 2 We wallow it to be worth sex bollis off wictuall.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. viii. 355 Their Rings..were valued to a hundred Chickens of Malta.
1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 339 I valued it at Ten Pounds.
1734 R. Seymour Compl. Gamester i. 27 [In the game of Codille] a Fish is generally valued at Ten Counters.
1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality II. viii. 80 The appraisers..valued the same to four pounds.
1835 Tomlins' Law Dict. (ed. 4) at Insurance After stating that the goods should be valued at so much.
1877 Spirit of Times 24 Nov. 452/2 A handsome gold watch, valued at about $100.
1939 Fortune Oct. 39/3 A Hollywood producer has valued her [sc. Deanna Durbin] at $10,000,000 just as she stands.
1981 J. Kelley & H. S. Klein Revol. & Rebirth of Inequality App. v. 229 We did this by valuing tin production at average prices for 1950–52.
2009 Independent 27 Nov. 28/4 The Staffordshire Hoard..has been valued at £3.3m by the British Museum.
†b. transitive. To equate in value with something. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > compare [verb (transitive)] > equate in value
evenOE
parifyc1487
value1560
equalize1599
equal1607
impale1647
equiparate1671
analogize1801
equate1840
par1878
1560 Bible (Geneva) Job xxviii. 16 Wisdome..shal not be valued with the wedge of golde of Ophir, nor with the precious onix.
1621 T. Wilson For Farther Clearing & Inlarging some Passages 11 in H. Airay Iust & Necessary Apologie The bodily Death or Destruction is not to be valued with that of the Soule.
1650 P. Herbert Certaine Conceptions 186 Mans continuance in this world is no more to be thought of in comparison of eternity, then one yeere to be valued with the longest age.
1774 M. Deverell Serm. v. 106 The tables which he cast from him..were not to be valued with the precious onyx or the sapphire.
1850 W. A. Prout et al. Let. 1 Oct. in Maryland Colonization Jrnl. (Maryland State Colonization Soc.) (1851) New Ser. 6 36 They were accustomed [in Liberia] to trading in bars instead of dollars and cents; and a bar (5 heads of tobacco) costing from 5 to 10 cents, was valued with a bar (brass or copper rod) costing from 25 to 35 cents.
1870 Macmillan's Mag. June 132/2 It [sc. the Volunteer movement] should be valued with suffrage and with education.
3. To estimate or regard as having a certain value or worth.
a. transitive. With at, †of (the value specified). Also with complementary noun phrase used adverbially.Chiefly in negative contexts.
ΚΠ
1559 W. Bavand tr. J. Ferrarius Common Weale ii. i. f. 18v To value honestie at more then profite.
1571 J. Bridges Serm. Paules Crosse 124 That traytour Iudas valued hym but at an easy price, when hee solde hym for thirtie pence to the Priestes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) v. iii. 14 The Queene is valued thirtie thousand strong. View more context for this quotation
1668 J. Dryden Sr Martin Mar-all i. 1 I will not value any mans Fortune at a rush, except he have Wit.
1751 G. Lavington Enthusiasm Methodists & Papists: Pt. III 54 They don't value Ignatius of a Hair.
1799 J. T. Allingham Fortune's Frolic ii. iv. 29 Why as to his consent, I don't value it a button.
1848 J. Grant Adventures Aide-de-camp xxiv He would not value his ducats..a rush.
1892 R. N. Bain tr. M. Jókai Pretty Michal (1897) iv. 50 He cares not a fig for muskets, and does not value his life at a boot-lace.
1901 S. Baring-Gould Royal Georgie ii. 15 What were they to him but a set of ignorant clodhoppers whose opinion he did not value at a rush.
1912 G. B. Shaw Let. Aug. in Bernard Shaw & Mrs. P. Campbell (1952) 34 He thinks the world of my silly old mam Who doesn't value his plays a dam.
1931 P. L. Anderson For Freedom & for Gaul ii. 35 We assured her that we valued outlawry not a particle.
b. transitive. With infinitive. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1587 J. Penry Treat. Aequity Humble Supplic. Ep. Ded. sig. A2 They valued it to be but a mere losse of time to yield anie attendaunce thereupon.
1596 Z. Jones tr. M. Barleti Hist. G. Castriot x. 420 The number of those which were counted slaine that day in the field..was valued to be better then foure thousand.
1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 138 He valewes himselfe to be worthy of an informer; and of Commissioners.
1663 S. Pepys Diary 18 Nov. (1971) IV. 63 Your lordships honour being such as I ought to value it to be..I shall..do my duty.
1999 M. Rawlins Green Bench vi. 75 We might choose some kind of relationship, lifestyle or fashion and then reality comes crashing in and we realize it was not what we valued it to be.
c. transitive. With adverbial phrase or object complement.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > place value on
apprizea1400
counta1400
prize1487
valure1487
reckonc1515
even1571
valuate1588
value1589
rate1599
seta1616
ventilate?c1682
eventilate1706
appreciate1769
1589 W. Warner Albions Eng. (new ed.) vi. xxix. 129 And..all their Styles together, Are lesser valewed than to liue beloued of my Tuder.
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. i. 53 And her wit Valewes it selfe so highly, that to her All matter els seemes weake.
a1640 Earl of Stirling Anacrisis in J. E. Spingairn Crit. Ess. 17th Cent. (1908) I. 182 I value Language as a Conduit... I compare a Poem to a Garden.
1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing xxiv. Apol. Philos. 247 The Swine may see the Pearl, which yet he values but with the ordinary muck.
a1667 Bp. J. Taylor Serm. (1673) 124 He must by it regulate his life, and value it above secular regards.
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 26/1 In India the Cypress is valu'd almost equal with the Spice Trees.
1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. liv. 229 Perhaps the example might have taught him not to value his own understanding so highly.
1806 La Belle Assemblée Oct. 477/1 Do I not shew him the greatest honour possible by valuing him as my equal?
1854 Sc. Gardener 3 242 When they first add a Tulip, it is a perfect lottery as to the marking of the specimen. It is this fact that makes us value very lowly any flower that marks too low down.
1922 R. Pertwee in E. J. H. O'Brien Best Brit. Short Stories of 1922 240 ‘I took away that child,’ he said, ‘because you valued it higher than the love of man’.
1994 O. Hargie et al. Social Skills in Interpersonal Communication (ed. 3) xii. 270 The person hesitates, speaks softly, looks away..values himself ‘below’ others.
II. To have or consider to have value.
4.
a. transitive. To be worth (nothing, more, etc.). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > worth > [verb (transitive)] > surpass in value
value1528
out-prize1576
overprize1593
outvalue1600
overvalue1608
outbid1642
1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xxv The parte of yt one valueth moche more than the parte of ye other.
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge iv. i. sig. G2 Whose reeling censure, if I valew not, It valewes naught.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iii. 113 Gold..values more in purest prise, Then drosse.
1799 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) I. 69 The ‘Maid of the Inn’ you selected for censure, and in my own mind it values little.
1848 C. M. S. Barnes Forest Princess i. ii. 158 Captain Smith Made thee pay what with us values little, But is a treasure to the forest-bred.
1869 in N.Y. Teacher & Amer. Educ. Monthly June 240 It values not the weight of a straw that ever so many Prelates of the Catholic Church were to acquiesce in the present wicked school-system.
2012 Serving You (Havant Borough Council) Winter 7/1 Last year the Beacon gave out free hampers to those in need throughout the borough valuing at nearly £8000.
b. transitive. To equal in value; to be equivalent to. Usually in negative contexts, with can. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > make equal [verb (transitive)] > be equivalent to
quitc1375
countervailc1380
containa1387
value1561
to go for ——1574
countervalue1581
weigh1583
avail1598
reanswer1598
commeasure1615
imply1634
equivalence1646
equivale1659
1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer i. sig. G.iv Seeming unto them no golde nor siluer was inough to value them.
1625 T. Middleton Game at Chæss iii. i This goodness Whose worth no transitory piece can value.
1683 R. Dixon Canidia xiii. 104 No Pearls can value Issa's Kisses.
1871 Naut. Mag. June 363 In two gales, property was lost to the value of upwards of £100,000, and lives, which no money can value.
1913 Meehan's Garden Bull Apr. (title page) (advt.) Today it is a prized possession no monetary consideration could value.
c. transitive. To have the value of (so much money). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > be valued at [verb (transitive)]
to go for ——1574
value1577
inventory1902
1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. i. ix. 13 (note) In the greke he writeth δραχμὰς valuing sixe halfe pence the hundreth part of an Atticke pound.
1611 Bible (King James) Mark xii. 15 A penny [margin.] Valewing of our money seuen pence halfe penie.
1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words at Julio A kind of Italian coin,..valuing about six pence.
1818 J. Bramsen Lett. Prussian Traveller I. 287 The piastre values about two shillings English.
1858 Househ. Monthly Mag. Oct. 62/1 Five bank-notes, each valuing 100 dollars.
1904 C. George Rise Brit. West Afr. (new ed.) ix. 121 These paper dollars, valuing four shillings and sixpence each, became the medium of exchange.
1954 Caribbean Q. 3 218 They value a couple million.
5.
a. transitive. To consider of worth or importance; to rate highly; to esteem; to set store by.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [verb (transitive)]
haveeOE
weenc1000
praisec1250
setc1374
set by1393
endaunt1399
prizec1400
reverencec1400
tender1439
repute1445
to have (also make, take) regard to or that1457
to take, make, set (no) count of (upon, by)c1475
pricec1480
to make (great, etc.) account (also count, esteem, estimation, reckoning, regard, store) of1483
force1509
to look upon ——c1515
to have (also hold) in estimationc1522
to make reckoning of1525
esteem1530
regard1533
to tell, make, hold, set (great, little, no) store of1540
value1549
to make dainty of (anything)1555
reckon1576
to be struck on1602
agrade1611
respect1613
beteem1627
appreciate1648
to put, set (an) esteem, a high, low esteem upon1665
to think small beer of1816
to think the world of1826
existimate1847
reckon1919
rate1973
1549 J. Cheke Let. 30 May in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) (Camden) 8 Your sight is ful of gai things abrode, which I desire not, as things sufficientli known and valewd.
1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. Cv Though I am disdained of a few ouerweening fooles, I am valued as wel as thy selfe with the wise.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. iii. 70 I was too yong that time to value her, But now I know her. View more context for this quotation
1656 in F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (1907) II. 50 I hope..that you will pries that which is most to be valewd, which is virtue.
1703 D. Defoe Let. Apr. in Hist. MSS Comm.: 15th Rep.: App. Pt. IV: MSS Duke of Portland (1897) IV. 62 in Parl. Papers (C. 8497) XLIX. 1 I value the esteem of one wise man above abundance of blessings.
1773 Monthly Rev. June 453 If he values his life or property, we would advise him..to put himself under the guidance of his lawyer or physician.
1806 J. Lingard Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church II. x. 214 Instead of despising, he will approve and value their exertions.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth xii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 324 Stir not your tongue..as you value having an entire tooth in your head.
1880 L. Stephen Alexander Pope iv. 94 He valued money, as a man values it who has been poor.
1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 19/2 If that sage were to see this child he would run..—and that would not be so unwise a thing for a man to do if he values his peace of mind.
1955 G. Vidal Messiah vii. vi. 189 Always before she had been a friend, a companion whose company I had jealously valued.
2001 R. Peffer Virgin Islands 21/1 Exotic shade trees have long been valued in this sunny climate.
†b. transitive. To commend or praise to; to vaunt. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > boasting or boastfulness > utter boastfully [verb (transitive)] > boast of
roosec1175
avauntc1315
beyelpc1330
boastc1380
blazona1533
brag1588
ruff1602
crack1653
vapour1654
value1670
vauntc1696
gasconade1714
voust1794
to write home about1868
sing1897
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > recommend [verb (transitive)]
commendc1400
recommise1427
recommendc1460
recommit?1521
prefer1567
wish1612
value1670
moyen1897
1670 R. Montagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 473 That your Lordship may value it to their Ministers in England, if you find them complaining.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1646 (1955) II. 497 In this roome stands the glorious Inscription of Cavaliero Galeazzo Arconati, to value his gift to the Librarie of severall drawings of Da Vinci.
†6. transitive. In negative contexts: to take account of; to heed, regard; to be concerned about; to care. With simple object, indirect question, or infinitive. Obsolete.Very common from the mid 17th to mid 18th cent.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > indifference > be indifferent or show indifference to [verb (transitive)]
keepc1175
to give (little, nought, etc.) ofc1300
care1526
to cast one's cap at1546
value1591
slight1618
perfunctorize1866
not to give (also care) a fuck1879
to give a motherfuck1967
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > not care about
value1591
matter1652
(not) to give (something or someone) a (also another) thought1762
not to want to know1948
1591 R. Greene Maidens Dreame xix But like to Scauola, for countries good, He did not value for to spend his blood.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 10 The foolish quality of which Bird [sc. the booby] is to sit still, not valuing danger.
1661 in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1911) 2nd Ser. 125 My opinion is thay will not vallew their Oath.
1689 P. Belon Court Secret 109 They value not who gets their Children, they adopt them to what Father they think are most proper to own them.
1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 84 People infected..valued not who they injur'd.
a1735 Earl of Haddington Short Treat. Forest-trees 19 in J. G. Reid Scots Gardiner (1756) They do not value what soil they are set in.
1757 G. Shelvocke, Jr. Shelvocke's Voy. round World (ed. 2) xv. 433 You are in a condition of not valuing whether the coasts are alarmed, or not.
1787 G. Bouverie Georgina III. xxi. 105 I don't value your disdain;—no, not a rap farthing.
1809 ‘Miss Byron’ Celia (ed. 3) I. vii. 126 ‘I do not value your anger’, said Mr. Belford.
1893 R. L. Stevenson Island Nights' Entertainm. 303 I don't value any of your talk.
†7. transitive. To give greater value to; to raise the estimation of. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [verb (transitive)] > esteem more than before
to think (the) better of1560
value1614
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. iii. §1. 421 Hanno..and his Partisans, being neither able to taxe the vertue of their enemies,..nor to performe the like seruices vnto the Common-weale: had nothing left, whereby to value themselues, excepting the generall reprehension of Warre.
1641 Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia sig. A3v It valued her the more,..it tooke best with the people.
1673 W. Temple Observ. United Provinces iv. 164 The same Qualities and Dispositions do not value a private Man and a State.
8.
a. transitive (reflexive). To think well or highly of oneself for something.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > self-esteem > think well of oneself [verb (reflexive)]
value1616
1616 D. Tuvill Asylum Veneris ix. 103 Gonsaluo..did more highly value himselfe for the happinesse he had to be preferred by hir, then for all the famous victories..which made him honoured.
1704 T. Brown Cal. Reform'd in Duke of Buckingham et al. Misc. Wks. 222 What sort of an Animal was the Dragon, which thou valuest thy self so much for slaying.
1725 in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Duke of Portland (1901) VI. 118 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 676) XXXVI. i. 1 They value themselves here for making very fine kid gloves for ladies.
1743 J. Morris Serm. ii. 53 Those extraordinary gifts, for which the Corinthians so highly valued themselves.
1837 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. I. xvii. 251 Every one is in danger of valuing himself for what he does.
1853 New Amer. Mag July 52/2 Dr. Clarke valued himself for agility, and frequently amused himself in a private room of his house, in leaping over the table and chairs.
1918 Century Apr. 889/2 A person who values himself for qualities that have no moral, financial, or intellectual value whatsoever.
1977 F. Kinsella & M. Frost On being Woman vi. 95 A woman approaching middle-age..might find when her children leave home, that she has nothing to value herself for.
2008 A. Lionnet Brilliant Life Coach viii. 104 Once you value yourself for who you are your life begins to change from the inside out.
b. transitive (reflexive). To pride oneself on or upon a thing. Now rare.In quot. a1715 also to a person.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > be or become proud [verb (reflexive)]
wlenchc1200
pridea1275
enhancec1380
empride1435
brave1581
prune1598
plume1643
value1648
pique1684
bepride1690
hump1835
tumefy1837
preen1880
to be all over oneself1910
1648 A. Capel Let. in Certain Lett. (1654) 20 You have cause enough to value your self upon a better foundation then the event of Battels.
1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 332 Mr. B. was not ashamed to write it, nay to value himself upon 't.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 16 Pierpont valued himself to me upon this service he did his country.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. x. 414 The calm and patient turn of the Chinese, on which they so much value themselves.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. ii. ii. 129 A sensible and frequent..speaker,..valuing himself on not being a party man.
1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic I. ii. v. 456 Moreover.., the learned Doctor valued himself upon his logic.
1910 A. T. Abernethy Jew Negro 30 The men might begin to value themselves upon this complexion, and the women to affect them the better for it.
1998 P. O'Brian Hundred Days (1999) ii. 56 Each of the surgeons valued himself upon his skill in sharpening knives of all kinds.

Derivatives

ˈvaluing n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun] > so as to fix value
taxationc1325
estimation1382
appraising1430
valuing1434
stentc1460
appreciationc1475
prizement1481
sessinga1500
value1523
valuation1529
esteemc1547
estimate1565
appraisement1583
apprizement1605
pricea1616
appraisal1698
apprizing1754
evaluation1755
1434 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) IV. 240 (MED) In þe matier of valuyng of marchandises goyng out of þis land and comyng yn to it..þe custumers shal late do value after þat it is worth..bitwix marchant and marchant.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lev. xxvii. 12 Ye prest shal value it, whether it be good or bad, & it shal stonde at the prestes valuynge.
1593 Queen Elizabeth I tr. Boethius De Consolatione Philosophiæ in Queen Elizabeth's Englishings (1899) i. pr. iv. 12 The valuing of most, regardes more fortunes event, than causes merit.
1673 G. Mackenzie Pleadings 63 The valuing of things delivered, did obliege the receiver to re-deliver either the thing valu'd or its price.
1759 R. Jackson Hist. Rev. Pennsylvania 437 The Valuing the Currency of the Country according to the casual Rate of Exchange with London, is in itself a false valuation.
1809 Harding's Catal. Bks. in B. Orson Facts & Exper. on Sugar in Feeding Cattle 34/2 Tables for the Ready Valuing of Estates.
1869 D. Page Chips & Chapters 99 Even in the valuing of land for mere agricultural purposes, the man who is ignorant..can give but a very uncertain..opinion.
1923 C. A. Ellwood Christianity & Social Sci. v. 116 We may define love..as a valuing of, and a devotion to, persons rather than things.
2000 A. Mason Community, Solidarity, & Belonging vi. 159 Education should foster the mutual valuing of cultures by presenting children with the ideas..of a number of cultural communities.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.a1325v.1434
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