venomn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈvɛnəm/, U.S.

/ˈvɛnəm/

Forms: α. Middle English–1500s venym, Middle English uenym, fenym ( femyn), Middle English wenym, venyme; Middle English uenim, Middle English–1600s venim, Middle English wenim, Middle English–1600s venime, 1500s venimme; Middle English wenem, Middle English–1600s venem(e. β. Middle English–1500s venum (1500s Scottish winam); Middle English–1600s venome, 1600s venombe, Middle English– venom (Middle English, 1800s dialect, vemon, 1800s dialect wenom); ScottishMiddle English wennome, 1500s vennom(e.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French venim (venym ), variant of venin (see venin n.¹) < Latin venēnum (whence also Italian veneno, Spanish veneno, Portuguese veneno) poison, potion, drug, dye, etc. The change of the final n to m may have been due to dissimilation (a different effect of which appears in the Old French variant velin and Italian veleno), but compare pilgrim, vellum.

A. n.

a. The poisonous fluid normally secreted by certain snakes and other animals and used by them in attacking other living creatures.The venom of snakes is secreted in a poison gland communicating with the fangs, through which it is ejected in the act of striking.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > venom of snakes, etc.

venomc1220

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > substance or secretion and excretion > [noun] > venom

atterc1000

venomc1220

virus1599

α.

c1220 Bestiary 139 in Old Eng. Misc. 5 Oc he [sc. a serpent] speweð or al ðe uenim ðat in his brest is bred.

c1325 Prose Psalter xiii. 5 Venim of aspides, .i. nedders.

c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋195 The galle of the dragon shal been hire drynke, and the venym of the dragon hire morsels.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14871 Strangli was þis folk felun,..Was nedder nan o mar wenim.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6313 A serpent him our qweld..; Bot his venym it did na sare.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v. viii The serpent came oute and slewe the child through his venym.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. i. f. 3^v Serpentes without venime.

1652 J. Wright tr. J.-P. Camus Nature's Paradox iii. 49 Like Spiders which make venim of Roses.

β. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xiii. 5 Venome of snakis [is] vndire þe lippes of þa.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20959 Þe nedder o venum sa strang.a1400–50 Alexander 4797 As gotis out of guttars in golanand wedres, So voidis doun þe vemon be vermyns schaftis.1614 Disc. Strange & Monstrous Serpent B 4 [The dragon] will cast his venome about foure rodde from him.1645 J. Milton Arcades in Poems 54 What the..hurtfull Worm with canker'd venom bites.1744 J. Thomson Summer in Seasons (new ed.) 92 He [sc. a serpent].., Whose high-concocted Venom thro' the Veins A rapid Lightning darts.1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VII. 195 The venom contained in this bladder is a yellowish thick tasteless liquor.1814 Ld. Byron Corsair i. xi. 15 Man spurns the worm, but pauses ere he wake The slumbering venom of the folded snake.a1822 P. B. Shelley Charles I i, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 240 As adders cast their skins And keep their venom, so kings often change.1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. xi. 438 Poisonous serpents however are provided with an extra glandular structure, placed beneath and behind the orbit. This gland it is which secretes the venom.

†b. of venom, = venomous adj. 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > substance or secretion and excretion > [adjective] > venomous

envenomedc1300

venomeda1382

of venoma1387

venomousa1387

envenomous1597

venomo-salivary1888

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 311 Þeyȝ þere be no grete bestes of venym, ȝit þere beeþ venemous attercoppes.

2. Poison, esp. as administered to or drunk by a person; any poisonous or noxious substance, preparation, or property; a morbid secretion or virus. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun]

poisonc1225

venomc1290

veninc1330

gall1340

envenom1377

venom1377

venoming1382

bane1398

venomousness?1527

poisonment1543

arsenic1583

toxicum1601

deletery1604

remover1639

toxicant1882

toxic1890

α.

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. 408/207 Venim ich habbe, strong i-novȝh, þat ho-so þarof nimeth ouȝt..to deþe he worthþ i-brouȝt.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1010 Ech gras þat þerinne wexþ, aȝen venim is.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xviii. 152 For venym for-doth venym.

1380 Lay Folks Catech. (Lamb. MS.) 1133 Whi schuld venym or stynk lette vs to visite men in presun?

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21055 Venim he drank wit-outen wath.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xvii. 80 If venym or puyson be broȝt in place whare þe dyamaund es, alsone it waxez moyst.

1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 195 Many kingys..that myght not be ouercome with armys by wenym loste thar lywis.

1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Cj Water of the same..is good to be dronke for venym and impoysonynge.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. i. f. 53^v Fogeda..throwgh the maliciousnes of the veneme [of a poisoned arrow], consumed and was dryed vp by lyttle & lyttle.

1593 Queen Elizabeth I tr. Boethius De Consolatione Philosophiæ in Queen Elizabeth's Englishings (1899) i. pr. iii. 6 Thou haste not knowen Anaxagoras flight, nor Socrates Venim, nor Zenos torment.

β. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxx. 5 As venome is hid vndire a swet morsell.c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 186 Ther is no venome so parlious in sharpnes, Os when it hathe of treacle a lyknes.c1480 (a1400) St. John Evangelist 329 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 118 I wil þat þu drinke þe venome I sal þe gyfe.a1505 R. Henryson Orpheus & Eurydice 106 in Poems (1981) 135 This cruell wennome was so penitryf, As natur is of all mortall poisoun.1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxliii. 265 The houses and the houshoulde stuffe, vnlesse they bee purified with fire..and such like, keepe their venom for the space of a yeare or more.1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique ii. xxiv. 232 Garlicke eaten fasting is the countrie mans treacle in the time of the plague,..as also against all manner of venome and poison.a1616 W. Shakespeare Richard III (1623) iv. i. 61 Anoynted let me be with deadly Venome [1597 poyson].1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxix. 173 Till (if Nature be strong enough) it break at last the contumacy of the parts obstructed, and dissipateth the venome into sweat.1690 W. Temple Ess. Gardens of Epicurus in Wks. (1720) I. 178 A great Preservative against the Plague, which is a sort of Venom.1797 S. T. Coleridge To Rev. G. Coleridge in Poems (ed. 2) p. ix Some [trees]..Have tempted me to slumber in their shade..; then breathing subtlest damps, Mix'd their own venom with the rain from heaven, That I woke poison'd!1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 731 Infection of the deeper tissues and of the whole body is chiefly due to absorption of soluble venom from the place where the growth of microbes is proceeding.1910 Contemp. Rev. Mar. 337 Fields of nightshade that are sufficient to themselves in their own foul venom.

a. figurative. Something comparable to or having the effect of poison; any baneful, malign, or noxious influence or quality; bitter or virulent feeling, language, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > a harmful influence

venomc1315

venomc1380

enmitya1387

blast1547

arsenic1583

aconite1606

Nessus shirta1616

bane-touch1647

blighta1661

poison tree1794

upas1801

α.

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 417 Ȝif manye wolden holde togedere in þis bileue aȝenus þe fend, it were a triacle aȝenus venym þat emperour prelatis sowen in þe folc.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 15389 Of all venim and of envi ful kindeld vp he ras.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 574 Þe venym & þe vylanye & þe vycios fylþe, Þat by-sulpez mannez saule in vnsounde hert.

c1400 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) ii. xlv. 51 They have ben wretched and irous, ful of venym, of rancour, and of hate.

1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. gg.vii^v They laye before a man venym pryuely hyd vnder the colour of apperynge vertue.

1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 205 God gaue mankynde fowde of lyfe wherin the enmy spued venym by a worde of lesyng.

a1569 A. Kingsmill Viewe Mans Estate (1580) vi. 33 That venime hath infected the whole race.

1607 S. Hieron Spirituall Sonne-ship in Wks. (1620) I. 361 Hauing in him the arrowes of the Almightie, the venime thereof drinking vp his spirit.

a1674 Earl of Clarendon Brief View Leviathan (1676) 168 The veneme of this Book wrought upon the hearts of men.

β. ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 45 To speik..I sall nought spar... I sall the venome devoid with a vent large.1567 R. Sempill Test. & Trag. King Henrie (single sheet) Lat men be war and keip thame suire, Fra wemenis vennome.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 215 Quha venum verie poysonable and deidlye in Germanie had souked out of Luther, and otheris Archheritikis.1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love iii. ii. sig. F Ile..speake all the venome I can of him; and poyson his reputation.1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 513 Who this had seene, with tongue in venom steept, Gainst fortunes state would treason haue pronounst.1675 A. Marvell Let. 24 July in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 343 He was gone into the Country, swoln with his new Honour, and with Venom against the Fanatics.1715 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1901) V. 170 Dr. Charlett continued his venom ag[ains]t non-jurors.1759 R. Jackson Hist. Rev. Pennsylvania 278 A Dose of Venom apparently prepared and administered to poison the Province.1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor vi, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. III. 78 The venom of your present language is sufficient to remind her, that she speaks with the mortal enemy of her father.1860 R. W. Emerson Fate in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 29 Whilst art draws out the venom, it commonly extorts some benefit from the vanquished enemy.

b. With of (sin, envy, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > a harmful influence

venomc1315

venomc1380

enmitya1387

blast1547

arsenic1583

aconite1606

Nessus shirta1616

bane-touch1647

blighta1661

poison tree1794

upas1801

α.

c1315 Shoreham iv. 93 Þorwe þe fenym of senne Þat al mankende slakþ.

c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋530 Certes than is love the medicine that casteth out the venime of envie fro mannes herte.

1497 J. Alcock Mons Perfeccionis (de Worde) B iij Y^e deuyl..sessed neuer with his venym of dyscorde.

1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes (new ed.) f. 97 Beware also the venym swete Of crafty wordes and flattery.

β. R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 64 If any odyr gretter, fayrar or strengar be cald in þe pepyll, onon he is heuy touchyd with venum of envy.c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 122 He told so mekull horrible venom of syn at þaim irkid to here hym.1562 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 40 The sweit venum of deuyllish eloquence of wordis.1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. iii. 45 Mingled with venome of suggestion. 1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. i. 90 If it may not have the name, yet certainely it had the venome of a bitter Taxation.1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 445 It were to be wished all the Venome of Detraction were spent against it selfe.1697 M. Prior Satire 51 The Venom of a spiteful Satire.

†c. Used in addressing persons. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > as abused

warlockOE

swinec1175

beastc1225

wolf's-fista1300

avetrolc1300

congeonc1300

dirtc1300

slimec1315

snipec1325

lurdanc1330

misbegetc1330

sorrowa1350

shrew1362

jordan1377

wirlingc1390

frog?a1400

warianglea1400

wretcha1400

horcop14..

turdc1400

callet1415

lotterela1450

paddock?a1475

souter1478

chuff?a1500

langbain?c1500

cockatrice1508

sow1508

spink1508

wilrone1508

rook?a1513

streaker?a1513

dirt-dauber?1518

marmoset1523

babiona1529

poll-hatcheta1529

bear-wolf1542

misbegotten1546

pig1546

excrement1561

mamzer1562

chuff-cat1563

varlet1566

toada1568

mandrake1568

spider1568

rat1571

bull-beef1573

mole-catcher1573

suppository1573

curtal1578

spider-catcher1579

mongrela1585

roita1585

stickdirta1585

dogfish1589

Poor John1589

dog's facec1590

tar-boxa1592

baboon1592

pot-hunter1592

venom1592

porcupine1594

lick-fingers1595

mouldychaps1595

tripe1595

conundrum1596

fat-guts1598

thornback1599

land-rat1600

midriff1600

stinkardc1600

Tartar1600

tumbril1601

lobster1602

pilcher1602

windfucker?1602

stinker1607

hog rubber1611

shad1612

splay-foot1612

tim1612

whit1612

verdugo1616

renegado1622

fish-facea1625

flea-trapa1625

hound's head1633

mulligrub1633

nightmare1633

toad's-guts1634

bitch-baby1638

shagamuffin1642

shit-breech1648

shitabed1653

snite1653

pissabed1672

bastard1675

swab1687

tar-barrel1695

runt1699

fat-face1740

shit-sack1769

vagabond1842

shick-shack1847

soor1848

b1851

stink-pot1854

molie1871

pig-dog1871

schweinhund1871

wind-sucker1880

fucker1893

cocksucker1894

wart1896

so-and-so1897

swine-hound1899

motherfucker1918

S.O.B.1918

twat1922

mong1926

mucker1929

basket1936

cowson1936

zombie1936

meatball1937

shower1943

chickenshit1945

mugger1945

motherferyer1946

hooer1952

morpion1954

mother1955

mother-raper1959

louser1960

effer1961

salaud1962

gunk1964

scunge1967

1592 N. Breton Pilgrimage to Paradise in Wks. (1879) I. 12/2 The pilgrime gan replie, Die ougly venum in thy villany.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. ii. 2 And. No faith, Ile not stay a iot longer: To. Thy reason deere venom, giue thy reason.

a. With a and plural. A poison; a particular kind of poison or virus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun]

poisonc1225

venomc1290

veninc1330

gall1340

envenom1377

venom1377

venoming1382

bane1398

venomousness?1527

poisonment1543

arsenic1583

toxicum1601

deletery1604

remover1639

toxicant1882

toxic1890

α.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xviii. 153 Of alle venymes, foulest is þe scorpioun.

1402 T. Hoccleve Let. of Cupid 258 With oo venym another was distroyed.

a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 16 It schal be no nede to vse in þis perilous cure, venemys, as summe lechis doon.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. U.iij^v Suche herbes and venims that might poyson them in theyr meates.

1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 102 One Richard Roose..dyd caste a certyne venym or poyson into a vessell replenysshed with yeste or barme.

1594 W. West Symbolæogr.: 2nd Pt. ii. Chancerie §29 Discerning and tempering by just proportions good venims from evil.

1604 King James VI & I Counterblaste to Tobacco sig. B^v The stinking Suffumigation whereof they yet vse against that disease, making so one canker or venime to eate out another.

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 255 [Salamanders'] biting is deadly,..having as many venims as colours.

β. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. iv. 88 King Picus.., Quham, revist for his lufe, throu vennomys seyr, Circes his spous smate wyth ane goldin wand.1580 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Bk. Medicines agaynst Venome in Ioyfull Newes (new ed.) f. 115 These venoms partly doe kill vs; partly we vse them for our profite, and bodily health.1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 480 A man, whose nature infected with a stronger venome, poysoned other venemous creatures, if any did bite him.1859 Ld. Tennyson Vivien in Idylls of King 125 Were all as tame..as their Queen was fair? Not one to flirt a venom at her eyes, Or pinch a murderous dust into her drink?1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Sept. 571 The anti-effect of different specific antivenoms upon their venoms.1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Sept. 574 The toxicity of the most powerful venoms.

b. figurative. (Cf. A. 3.)

ΚΠ

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccclxxxiv. 647 These people..retourned into their owne countreis; but the great venym remayned styll behynde, for Watte Tyler, Jacke Strawe, and John ball..wolde nat departe so.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 82 Ane winam aganis the poure man.

1583 G. Babington Very Fruitfull Expos. Commaundem. viii. 390 There is no speciall calling amongest men, whereunto by name this vice is not forbidden as a venome of all vertue.

a1797 E. Burke Ess. Abridgm. Eng. Hist. (rev. ed.) in Wks. (1812) V. 617 Taunts and mockeries..which infused a mortal venom into the war.

1910 A. R. MacEwen Antoinette Bourignon ii. 54 All the poisons and venoms with which sin has polluted God's handiwork.

†5. A colouring matter; a dye. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun]

dyec1000

colour1335

venomc1374

tincturec1400

colouringa1475

fucus1676

colouring matter1689

colourant1800

colourizer1866

brede1867

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (1868) ii. met. 5 50 Þei couþe nat medle the briȝte flies of þe contre of siriens wiþ þe venym of tirie.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Venym,..is generallye [to denote] anye thynge whych altereth coloure, or nature of that wher~with it is myxt.

B. adj.

Venomous; virulent, malignant, spiteful. Obsolete exc. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > spitefulness > [adjective]

teenfulOE

atteryc1175

ondfula1200

maliciousa1250

doggedc1300

enviousc1330

venoma1350

spitous?a1366

despitousc1374

heinous?a1400

venomyc1400

sinister1411

sputousc1420

doggish?a1425

cankered?a1439

doggya1450

sinistrous1460

spity1481

despiteful1488

spiteful1490

despiteous?1510

viperious?1510

peevisha1522

maliceful1522

envyful1530

viperinec1540

viperous?1542

vipered1560

uncanny1596

dogged-sprighted1600

maliced1602

ill-minded1611

virulent1613

ill-hearteda1617

doleful1617

spitish1627

splenial1641

litherlya1643

venomsome1660

slim1674

viper1721

vipereal1750

viperish1755

vicious1825

waspish1855

viperian1866

viperan1877

cattish1883

catty1886

bitchy1928

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [adjective] > of or relating to venom > venomous

envenomedc1330

venomousc1330

venoma1350

poisoned1440

toadish1611

vipereousc1620

envenomous1624

veneniferous1656

venenifluous1891

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > [adjective]

loathOE

teenfulOE

nithefulOE

ondfula1200

maliciousa1250

doggedc1300

enviousc1330

venomousa1340

venoma1350

spitous?a1366

despitousc1374

heinous?a1400

unkindlya1400

venomyc1400

sinister1411

sputousc1420

doggish?a1425

cankered?a1439

doggya1450

sinistrous1460

spity1481

despiteful1488

spiteful1490

despiteous?1510

viperious?1510

peevisha1522

envyful1530

viperous1535

viperinec1540

vipered1560

bad-minded1588

uncanny1596

dogged-sprighted1600

toothsome1601

maliced1602

ill-minded1611

virulent1613

ill-hearteda1617

doleful1617

spitish1627

ill-meaning1633

splenial1641

litherlya1643

venomsome1660

slim1668

cat-witted1672

vipereal1750

viperish1755

méchant1813

vicious1825

maliceful1840

mean1841

waspish1855

viperian1866

viperan1877

cattish1883

catty1886

bad mind1904

bitchy1908

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious > very

balefulOE

wanlichc1275

grievous1340

malignc1350

maliciousa1398

venom1538

virulent1563

malignant1564

blasting1591

fatal1681

blighting1796

terminal1952

a1350 St. Laurence 158 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Leg. (1881) 109 And seyn bete his body bare With scorpions þat uenym ware.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xviii. xi The venem spiþer hatte Aranea.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 20959 Þe venym nedder þat was strong.

?c1510 tr. Newe Landes & People founde by Kynge of Portyngale sig. Dv^v Forestis full of snakes and other venym beestes.

1538 Bale God's Promises iii, in I. Reed Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Plays (1780) I. 18 In my syght, he is more venym than the spyder.

1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. I3^v Things like sheepe lice, which aliue haue the venomost sting that may be.

1600 N. Breton Melancholike Humours in Wks. (1879) I. 13/1 Tis a subtill kinde of spirit, Of a venome kinde of nature.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 70 The venome clamors of a iealous woman.

1892 East Anglian Daily Times in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1905) (at cited word) A man remarked to two boys fighting, ‘You-a-munshy [you amongst you] fare as wenom as harnets’.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations.

a. Combinations, as venom-breeding, venom-hating, venom-sputtering; venom-fanged, venom-noyed, venom-spotted adjs.; venom-maker; venom-cold adj. venom mouthed: see venomed adj. Compounds.

ΚΠ

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter lvii. 5 Crist..lufes not charmers and venym makers.

1382 J. Wyclif Psalms lvii. 6 The vois of the enchaunteres; and of the venym makere.

c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 926 Medee..By-tauȝt Iason a riche ryng, That alle venym for-dede & strued,—That he schul not be venym-noyed.

1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie iii. x. sig. H6^v Avaunt lewd curre, presume not to speake, Or with thy venome-sputtering chapps to barke Gainst well-pend Poems.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion i. 2 Iernsey,..whose venom-hating ground The hardned Emerill hath.

1760 F. Fawkes tr. Anacreon Odes in tr. Anacreon Wks. xlii. 12 By rankling Malice never stung, I shun the venom-venting Tongue.

1828 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 24 481 The venom-spotted coils and serpent eyes.

a1847 E. Cook There's a Hero iv. 2 A venom-breeding Ocean.

1864 J. C. Atkinson Stanton Grange 220 A venom-fanged viper.

1889 R. B. Anderson tr. V. Rydberg Teutonic Mythol. 92 The venom-cold Elivogs.

1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Sept. 581 The treatment of venom poisoning.

b. Simple attributive, as venom-albumen, venom-flood, venom-globulin, venom-peptone, venom-snake, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > [noun] > member of (snake) > group of venomous snakes > venomous snake

deaf addereOE

adderOE

aspidec1000

shadow-addera1382

chelydre1393

tyre1471

viper1526

seps?1527

aspic1530

thirsty snake1567

aspworm1587

cheliderect?1590

viper-worm1605

palmer-serpent1608

polonga1681

asp1710

thirst-serpent1731

venom-snake1845

thanatophidian1891

solenoglyph1913

1845 Zoologist 3 1031 I found also five pairs of rudimental fangs,..apparently unattached to the venom-sac.

1847–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. i. 291/1 In the most deadly venom-snakes..the poison fangs acquire their largest size.

1855 P. J. Bailey Mystic 54 Fire, ice and scalding venom-floods of hell.

1883 Science 2 24/1 Three distinct proteids may be isolated from the venom of the moccason and the rattle~snake. These they propose to call respectively, venom-peptone, venom-globulin, and venom-albumen.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 811 One observer classing a venom proteid with the albumins or globulins.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

venomv.

Brit.

/ˈvɛnəm/, U.S.

/ˈvɛnəm/

Forms: α. Middle English venem(e, Middle English–1500s venym(e, (Middle English venymp-, femyne), Middle English, 1500s–1600s venim(e, 1500s veneymen. β. Middle English–1600s venome (Middle English vemon), 1500s– venom, 1600s vennum.

Etymology: < Old French venimer to envenom, or < venom n. Compare envenom v.

Now Obsolete or archaic.

a. transitive. To injure by means of venom; to poison (a person, etc.); = envenom v. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > injure by means of poison [verb (transitive)]

apoison1297

envenomc1300

venomc1330

poisonc1350

empoisona1375

intoxicatec1450

venina1500

enveleny?c1550

bane1578

envenomize1598

pestilent1613

toxicate1635

the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > kill [verb (transitive)] > by poisoning

envenomc1300

venomc1330

poisonc1350

empoisona1375

stranglec1374

intoxicatec1450

impotionate1570

strike1592

to fig away1609

hemlock1846

strychninea1871

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 1526 Þe tong [of the dragon] y bar oway; Þus venimed he me þan.

1375 in Horstmann Altengl. Leg. (1878) 136/1 Who so were..venympd wiþ eny wikked beste.

a1400–50 Alexander 4842 A Basilisk..vemons in þe vaward valiant kniȝtis.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) xviii. 332 It befelle in shorte tyme, that dragons and venemous bestes venemed men.

1483 Cath. Angl. 400/1 To venome, venenare, jntoxicare.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Veneymen, inficio, cis, intoxico, as, ueneno, nas.

1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 202 He that rubbeth his hands with the root [of Dragons] in May, take adders, and they shall not venim him.

1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. cviii. 390 Out of the same will runne a..humor, which will venome the whole foote.

1665 J. Bunyan Holy Citie 230 The Dragon is a venemous beast, and poisoneth all where he lieth; he beats the Earth bare, and venoms it, that it will bear no grass.

1694 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 280 These with many other different Herbs spreading and running upon the Trees choak and venom them.

figurative.1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 116/2 We shall see these vermine that seeke nothing else but to rotte or venime the Church of God.1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. iii. sig. E4^v Since I must Through Brothers periurie dye, O let me venome Their soules with curses.in extended use.1679 J. Dryden & N. Lee Oedipus iii. 41 Oh his murd'rous breath Venoms my aiery substance!

b. absol.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > injure by means of poison [verb (intransitive)]

venom1563

1563 T. Hill Arte Gardening (1593) 111 Linnen cloathes..laid to any place, where either Spider or waspe hath venomed, dooth quickly take away the paine thereof.

1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxvii. 187 She venometh with hir byting when she is sault, as the Wolfe doth.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 515 A shrew, which biting horses and labouring cattell, it doth venome vntill it come vnto the hart, and then they die.

1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. cxxv. 427 Looke that you touch no part of the horse therewith, saue the sorrance onely; for it will venome.

a. To put venom in or on (something); to render venomous; = envenom v. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > injure by means of poison [verb (transitive)] > render poisonous

avenomc1314

envenomc1325

venomc1350

empoison?c1450

poisona1470

inunct1513

embane1587

venenate1623

transvenoma1667

c1350 Libeaus Desc. 2050 For þoruȝ þat swordes dint..Þe venim will me spille: I venimed [v.r. femynede] hem boþe,..Our fomen for to fille.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 443 A swerdman, wiþ a swerd i-venymed.

a1470 J. Hardyng Chron. lxxii. xiii There was a well whiche his enemyes espied,..Whiche they venomyd with poyson on a daye.

1569 J. Sanford tr. H. C. Agrippa Of Vanitie Artes & Sci. 105 b They have poysoned the water, infected the corne, and venomed the victuals.

a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 52 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) He also was sore wounded with a Speare, whose head was venomed.

1612 J. Davies Muses Sacrifice in Wks. (Grosart) II. 18/1 The Med'cine, so, thou gau'st to cure my Wounds, I venomed to make my hurt the more.

1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey III. x. 272 Venom'd was the bread, and mix'd the bowl, With drugs of force to darken all the soul.

1834 W. Beckford Italy; with Sketches Spain & Portugal II. 78 The heat seems..to have new venomed the stings of the fleas and the musquitoes.

figurative.1794 R. Southey Elinor 52 All her rankling shafts Barb'd with disgrace, and venom'd with disease.1800 S. T. Coleridge tr. F. Schiller Piccolomini v. v. 204 Wherefore barb And venom the refusal with contempt?

b. To embitter; = envenom v. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to > affect detrimentally

atterc885

hurtc1200

marc1225

appair1297

impair1297

spilla1300

emblemishc1384

endull1395

blemishc1430

depaira1460

depravea1533

deform1533

envenom1533

vitiate1534

quail1551

impeach1563

subvert1565

craze1573

taint1573

spoil1578

endamage1579

qualify1584

stain1584

crack1590

ravish1594

interess1598

invitiate1598

corrupt1602

venom1621

depauperate1623

detriment1623

flaw1623

embase1625

ungold1637

murder1644

refract1646

depress1647

addle1652

sweal1655

butcher1659

shade1813

mess1823

puckeroo1840

untone1861

blue1880

queer1884

dick1972

forgar-

1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 154 Loue like a serpent poysoning my ioyes, and biting my best daies, venomd all my blisse.

a1821 J. Keats Hyperion (new ed.) 11 in Misc. Philobiblon Soc. (1856–7) III Only the dreamer venoms all his days, Bearing more woe than all his sins deserve.

3. figurative. To infect with moral evil; to corrupt, deprave, vitiate; = envenom v. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > corrupt > poison morally

venom13..

envenom1340

poison1395

intoxicatea1529

13.. K. Alis. 2860 [They] saide wel, er that tyme, Al Grece was of heom venyme [v.r. venymed].

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 286 Þes religious & seculere prestis,..bi brekynge of þis lawe, ben cursid of god & venemyn cristendome.

c1407 J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte 3391 And of venym..Venus pleynly took her name. For she venemyth many wyse Al that doon to hir servise.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. ii. xii. f. 17^v/2 Sen our tyme is now sa vennomit with vncouth & superflew metis & drinkis.

1591 R. Turnbull Expos. Epist. St. Iames f. 161^v Lyes, blasphemie,..filthie talke,..whereby the soules of men are often poysoned and venomed to death.

1616 N. Breton Hate of Treason sig. C^v Pride doth blinde, the eie infects the minde, venoms the hearte, and gives the soule a sting.

1681 Peace & Truth 10 This was the felicity of innocent Man before his Heart was venomed with Lust and Vanity.

1906 Westm. Gaz. 24 Dec. 2/1 To the pyre With this fiend that venoms all our sinful veins!

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	venom
释义	venomn.adj. Brit. /ˈvɛnəm/, U.S. /ˈvɛnəm/ Forms: α. Middle English–1500s venym, Middle English uenym, fenym ( femyn), Middle English wenym, venyme; Middle English uenim, Middle English–1600s venim, Middle English wenim, Middle English–1600s venime, 1500s venimme; Middle English wenem, Middle English–1600s venem(e. β. Middle English–1500s venum (1500s Scottish winam); Middle English–1600s venome, 1600s venombe, Middle English– venom (Middle English, 1800s dialect, vemon, 1800s dialect wenom); ScottishMiddle English wennome, 1500s vennom(e. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French venim (venym ), variant of venin (see venin n.¹) < Latin venēnum (whence also Italian veneno, Spanish veneno, Portuguese veneno) poison, potion, drug, dye, etc. The change of the final n to m may have been due to dissimilation (a different effect of which appears in the Old French variant velin and Italian veleno), but compare pilgrim, vellum. A. n. 1. a. The poisonous fluid normally secreted by certain snakes and other animals and used by them in attacking other living creatures.The venom of snakes is secreted in a poison gland communicating with the fangs, through which it is ejected in the act of striking. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > venom of snakes, etc. venomc1220 the world > animals > animal body > general parts > substance or secretion and excretion > [noun] > venom atterc1000 venomc1220 virus1599 α. c1220 Bestiary 139 in Old Eng. Misc. 5 Oc he [sc. a serpent] speweð or al ðe uenim ðat in his brest is bred. c1325 Prose Psalter xiii. 5 Venim of aspides, .i. nedders. c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋195 The galle of the dragon shal been hire drynke, and the venym of the dragon hire morsels. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14871 Strangli was þis folk felun,..Was nedder nan o mar wenim. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6313 A serpent him our qweld..; Bot his venym it did na sare. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v. viii The serpent came oute and slewe the child through his venym. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. i. f. 3^v Serpentes without venime. 1652 J. Wright tr. J.-P. Camus Nature's Paradox iii. 49 Like Spiders which make venim of Roses. β. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xiii. 5 Venome of snakis [is] vndire þe lippes of þa.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20959 Þe nedder o venum sa strang.a1400–50 Alexander 4797 As gotis out of guttars in golanand wedres, So voidis doun þe vemon be vermyns schaftis.1614 Disc. Strange & Monstrous Serpent B 4 [The dragon] will cast his venome about foure rodde from him.1645 J. Milton Arcades in Poems 54 What the..hurtfull Worm with canker'd venom bites.1744 J. Thomson Summer in Seasons (new ed.) 92 He [sc. a serpent].., Whose high-concocted Venom thro' the Veins A rapid Lightning darts.1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VII. 195 The venom contained in this bladder is a yellowish thick tasteless liquor.1814 Ld. Byron Corsair i. xi. 15 Man spurns the worm, but pauses ere he wake The slumbering venom of the folded snake.a1822 P. B. Shelley Charles I i, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 240 As adders cast their skins And keep their venom, so kings often change.1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. xi. 438 Poisonous serpents however are provided with an extra glandular structure, placed beneath and behind the orbit. This gland it is which secretes the venom. †b. of venom, = venomous adj. 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > substance or secretion and excretion > [adjective] > venomous envenomedc1300 venomeda1382 of venoma1387 venomousa1387 envenomous1597 venomo-salivary1888 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 311 Þeyȝ þere be no grete bestes of venym, ȝit þere beeþ venemous attercoppes. 2. Poison, esp. as administered to or drunk by a person; any poisonous or noxious substance, preparation, or property; a morbid secretion or virus. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] poisonc1225 venomc1290 veninc1330 gall1340 envenom1377 venom1377 venoming1382 bane1398 venomousness?1527 poisonment1543 arsenic1583 toxicum1601 deletery1604 remover1639 toxicant1882 toxic1890 α. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. 408/207 Venim ich habbe, strong i-novȝh, þat ho-so þarof nimeth ouȝt..to deþe he worthþ i-brouȝt. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1010 Ech gras þat þerinne wexþ, aȝen venim is. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xviii. 152 For venym for-doth venym. 1380 Lay Folks Catech. (Lamb. MS.) 1133 Whi schuld venym or stynk lette vs to visite men in presun? a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21055 Venim he drank wit-outen wath. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xvii. 80 If venym or puyson be broȝt in place whare þe dyamaund es, alsone it waxez moyst. 1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 195 Many kingys..that myght not be ouercome with armys by wenym loste thar lywis. 1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Cj Water of the same..is good to be dronke for venym and impoysonynge. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. i. f. 53^v Fogeda..throwgh the maliciousnes of the veneme [of a poisoned arrow], consumed and was dryed vp by lyttle & lyttle. 1593 Queen Elizabeth I tr. Boethius De Consolatione Philosophiæ in Queen Elizabeth's Englishings (1899) i. pr. iii. 6 Thou haste not knowen Anaxagoras flight, nor Socrates Venim, nor Zenos torment. β. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxx. 5 As venome is hid vndire a swet morsell.c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 186 Ther is no venome so parlious in sharpnes, Os when it hathe of treacle a lyknes.c1480 (a1400) St. John Evangelist 329 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 118 I wil þat þu drinke þe venome I sal þe gyfe.a1505 R. Henryson Orpheus & Eurydice 106 in Poems (1981) 135 This cruell wennome was so penitryf, As natur is of all mortall poisoun.1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxliii. 265 The houses and the houshoulde stuffe, vnlesse they bee purified with fire..and such like, keepe their venom for the space of a yeare or more.1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique ii. xxiv. 232 Garlicke eaten fasting is the countrie mans treacle in the time of the plague,..as also against all manner of venome and poison.a1616 W. Shakespeare Richard III (1623) iv. i. 61 Anoynted let me be with deadly Venome [1597 poyson].1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxix. 173 Till (if Nature be strong enough) it break at last the contumacy of the parts obstructed, and dissipateth the venome into sweat.1690 W. Temple Ess. Gardens of Epicurus in Wks. (1720) I. 178 A great Preservative against the Plague, which is a sort of Venom.1797 S. T. Coleridge To Rev. G. Coleridge in Poems (ed. 2) p. ix Some [trees]..Have tempted me to slumber in their shade..; then breathing subtlest damps, Mix'd their own venom with the rain from heaven, That I woke poison'd!1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 731 Infection of the deeper tissues and of the whole body is chiefly due to absorption of soluble venom from the place where the growth of microbes is proceeding.1910 Contemp. Rev. Mar. 337 Fields of nightshade that are sufficient to themselves in their own foul venom. 3. a. figurative. Something comparable to or having the effect of poison; any baneful, malign, or noxious influence or quality; bitter or virulent feeling, language, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > a harmful influence venomc1315 venomc1380 enmitya1387 blast1547 arsenic1583 aconite1606 Nessus shirta1616 bane-touch1647 blighta1661 poison tree1794 upas1801 α. c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 417 Ȝif manye wolden holde togedere in þis bileue aȝenus þe fend, it were a triacle aȝenus venym þat emperour prelatis sowen in þe folc. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 15389 Of all venim and of envi ful kindeld vp he ras. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 574 Þe venym & þe vylanye & þe vycios fylþe, Þat by-sulpez mannez saule in vnsounde hert. c1400 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) ii. xlv. 51 They have ben wretched and irous, ful of venym, of rancour, and of hate. 1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. gg.vii^v They laye before a man venym pryuely hyd vnder the colour of apperynge vertue. 1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 205 God gaue mankynde fowde of lyfe wherin the enmy spued venym by a worde of lesyng. a1569 A. Kingsmill Viewe Mans Estate (1580) vi. 33 That venime hath infected the whole race. 1607 S. Hieron Spirituall Sonne-ship in Wks. (1620) I. 361 Hauing in him the arrowes of the Almightie, the venime thereof drinking vp his spirit. a1674 Earl of Clarendon Brief View Leviathan (1676) 168 The veneme of this Book wrought upon the hearts of men. β. ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 45 To speik..I sall nought spar... I sall the venome devoid with a vent large.1567 R. Sempill Test. & Trag. King Henrie (single sheet) Lat men be war and keip thame suire, Fra wemenis vennome.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 215 Quha venum verie poysonable and deidlye in Germanie had souked out of Luther, and otheris Archheritikis.1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love iii. ii. sig. F Ile..speake all the venome I can of him; and poyson his reputation.1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 513 Who this had seene, with tongue in venom steept, Gainst fortunes state would treason haue pronounst.1675 A. Marvell Let. 24 July in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 343 He was gone into the Country, swoln with his new Honour, and with Venom against the Fanatics.1715 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1901) V. 170 Dr. Charlett continued his venom ag[ains]t non-jurors.1759 R. Jackson Hist. Rev. Pennsylvania 278 A Dose of Venom apparently prepared and administered to poison the Province.1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor vi, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. III. 78 The venom of your present language is sufficient to remind her, that she speaks with the mortal enemy of her father.1860 R. W. Emerson Fate in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 29 Whilst art draws out the venom, it commonly extorts some benefit from the vanquished enemy. b. With of (sin, envy, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > a harmful influence venomc1315 venomc1380 enmitya1387 blast1547 arsenic1583 aconite1606 Nessus shirta1616 bane-touch1647 blighta1661 poison tree1794 upas1801 α. c1315 Shoreham iv. 93 Þorwe þe fenym of senne Þat al mankende slakþ. c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋530 Certes than is love the medicine that casteth out the venime of envie fro mannes herte. 1497 J. Alcock Mons Perfeccionis (de Worde) B iij Y^e deuyl..sessed neuer with his venym of dyscorde. 1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes (new ed.) f. 97 Beware also the venym swete Of crafty wordes and flattery. β. R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 64 If any odyr gretter, fayrar or strengar be cald in þe pepyll, onon he is heuy touchyd with venum of envy.c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 122 He told so mekull horrible venom of syn at þaim irkid to here hym.1562 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 40 The sweit venum of deuyllish eloquence of wordis.1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. iii. 45 Mingled with venome of suggestion. View more context for this quotation1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. i. 90 If it may not have the name, yet certainely it had the venome of a bitter Taxation.1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 445 It were to be wished all the Venome of Detraction were spent against it selfe.1697 M. Prior Satire 51 The Venom of a spiteful Satire. †c. Used in addressing persons. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > as abused warlockOE swinec1175 beastc1225 wolf's-fista1300 avetrolc1300 congeonc1300 dirtc1300 slimec1315 snipec1325 lurdanc1330 misbegetc1330 sorrowa1350 shrew1362 jordan1377 wirlingc1390 frog?a1400 warianglea1400 wretcha1400 horcop14.. turdc1400 callet1415 lotterela1450 paddock?a1475 souter1478 chuff?a1500 langbain?c1500 cockatrice1508 sow1508 spink1508 wilrone1508 rook?a1513 streaker?a1513 dirt-dauber?1518 marmoset1523 babiona1529 poll-hatcheta1529 bear-wolf1542 misbegotten1546 pig1546 excrement1561 mamzer1562 chuff-cat1563 varlet1566 toada1568 mandrake1568 spider1568 rat1571 bull-beef1573 mole-catcher1573 suppository1573 curtal1578 spider-catcher1579 mongrela1585 roita1585 stickdirta1585 dogfish1589 Poor John1589 dog's facec1590 tar-boxa1592 baboon1592 pot-hunter1592 venom1592 porcupine1594 lick-fingers1595 mouldychaps1595 tripe1595 conundrum1596 fat-guts1598 thornback1599 land-rat1600 midriff1600 stinkardc1600 Tartar1600 tumbril1601 lobster1602 pilcher1602 windfucker?1602 stinker1607 hog rubber1611 shad1612 splay-foot1612 tim1612 whit1612 verdugo1616 renegado1622 fish-facea1625 flea-trapa1625 hound's head1633 mulligrub1633 nightmare1633 toad's-guts1634 bitch-baby1638 shagamuffin1642 shit-breech1648 shitabed1653 snite1653 pissabed1672 bastard1675 swab1687 tar-barrel1695 runt1699 fat-face1740 shit-sack1769 vagabond1842 shick-shack1847 soor1848 b1851 stink-pot1854 molie1871 pig-dog1871 schweinhund1871 wind-sucker1880 fucker1893 cocksucker1894 wart1896 so-and-so1897 swine-hound1899 motherfucker1918 S.O.B.1918 twat1922 mong1926 mucker1929 basket1936 cowson1936 zombie1936 meatball1937 shower1943 chickenshit1945 mugger1945 motherferyer1946 hooer1952 morpion1954 mother1955 mother-raper1959 louser1960 effer1961 salaud1962 gunk1964 scunge1967 1592 N. Breton Pilgrimage to Paradise in Wks. (1879) I. 12/2 The pilgrime gan replie, Die ougly venum in thy villany. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. ii. 2 And. No faith, Ile not stay a iot longer: To. Thy reason deere venom, giue thy reason. 4. a. With a and plural. A poison; a particular kind of poison or virus. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] poisonc1225 venomc1290 veninc1330 gall1340 envenom1377 venom1377 venoming1382 bane1398 venomousness?1527 poisonment1543 arsenic1583 toxicum1601 deletery1604 remover1639 toxicant1882 toxic1890 α. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xviii. 153 Of alle venymes, foulest is þe scorpioun. 1402 T. Hoccleve Let. of Cupid 258 With oo venym another was distroyed. a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 16 It schal be no nede to vse in þis perilous cure, venemys, as summe lechis doon. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. U.iij^v Suche herbes and venims that might poyson them in theyr meates. 1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 102 One Richard Roose..dyd caste a certyne venym or poyson into a vessell replenysshed with yeste or barme. 1594 W. West Symbolæogr.: 2nd Pt. ii. Chancerie §29 Discerning and tempering by just proportions good venims from evil. 1604 King James VI & I Counterblaste to Tobacco sig. B^v The stinking Suffumigation whereof they yet vse against that disease, making so one canker or venime to eate out another. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 255 [Salamanders'] biting is deadly,..having as many venims as colours. β. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. iv. 88 King Picus.., Quham, revist for his lufe, throu vennomys seyr, Circes his spous smate wyth ane goldin wand.1580 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Bk. Medicines agaynst Venome in Ioyfull Newes (new ed.) f. 115 These venoms partly doe kill vs; partly we vse them for our profite, and bodily health.1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 480 A man, whose nature infected with a stronger venome, poysoned other venemous creatures, if any did bite him.1859 Ld. Tennyson Vivien in Idylls of King 125 Were all as tame..as their Queen was fair? Not one to flirt a venom at her eyes, Or pinch a murderous dust into her drink?1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Sept. 571 The anti-effect of different specific antivenoms upon their venoms.1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Sept. 574 The toxicity of the most powerful venoms. b. figurative. (Cf. A. 3.) ΚΠ 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccclxxxiv. 647 These people..retourned into their owne countreis; but the great venym remayned styll behynde, for Watte Tyler, Jacke Strawe, and John ball..wolde nat departe so. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 82 Ane winam aganis the poure man. 1583 G. Babington Very Fruitfull Expos. Commaundem. viii. 390 There is no speciall calling amongest men, whereunto by name this vice is not forbidden as a venome of all vertue. a1797 E. Burke Ess. Abridgm. Eng. Hist. (rev. ed.) in Wks. (1812) V. 617 Taunts and mockeries..which infused a mortal venom into the war. 1910 A. R. MacEwen Antoinette Bourignon ii. 54 All the poisons and venoms with which sin has polluted God's handiwork. †5. A colouring matter; a dye. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] dyec1000 colour1335 venomc1374 tincturec1400 colouringa1475 fucus1676 colouring matter1689 colourant1800 colourizer1866 brede1867 c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (1868) ii. met. 5 50 Þei couþe nat medle the briȝte flies of þe contre of siriens wiþ þe venym of tirie. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Venym,..is generallye [to denote] anye thynge whych altereth coloure, or nature of that wher~with it is myxt. B. adj. Venomous; virulent, malignant, spiteful. Obsolete exc. dialect. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > spitefulness > [adjective] teenfulOE atteryc1175 ondfula1200 maliciousa1250 doggedc1300 enviousc1330 venoma1350 spitous?a1366 despitousc1374 heinous?a1400 venomyc1400 sinister1411 sputousc1420 doggish?a1425 cankered?a1439 doggya1450 sinistrous1460 spity1481 despiteful1488 spiteful1490 despiteous?1510 viperious?1510 peevisha1522 maliceful1522 envyful1530 viperinec1540 viperous?1542 vipered1560 uncanny1596 dogged-sprighted1600 maliced1602 ill-minded1611 virulent1613 ill-hearteda1617 doleful1617 spitish1627 splenial1641 litherlya1643 venomsome1660 slim1674 viper1721 vipereal1750 viperish1755 vicious1825 waspish1855 viperian1866 viperan1877 cattish1883 catty1886 bitchy1928 the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [adjective] > of or relating to venom > venomous envenomedc1330 venomousc1330 venoma1350 poisoned1440 toadish1611 vipereousc1620 envenomous1624 veneniferous1656 venenifluous1891 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > [adjective] loathOE teenfulOE nithefulOE ondfula1200 maliciousa1250 doggedc1300 enviousc1330 venomousa1340 venoma1350 spitous?a1366 despitousc1374 heinous?a1400 unkindlya1400 venomyc1400 sinister1411 sputousc1420 doggish?a1425 cankered?a1439 doggya1450 sinistrous1460 spity1481 despiteful1488 spiteful1490 despiteous?1510 viperious?1510 peevisha1522 envyful1530 viperous1535 viperinec1540 vipered1560 bad-minded1588 uncanny1596 dogged-sprighted1600 toothsome1601 maliced1602 ill-minded1611 virulent1613 ill-hearteda1617 doleful1617 spitish1627 ill-meaning1633 splenial1641 litherlya1643 venomsome1660 slim1668 cat-witted1672 vipereal1750 viperish1755 méchant1813 vicious1825 maliceful1840 mean1841 waspish1855 viperian1866 viperan1877 cattish1883 catty1886 bad mind1904 bitchy1908 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious > very balefulOE wanlichc1275 grievous1340 malignc1350 maliciousa1398 venom1538 virulent1563 malignant1564 blasting1591 fatal1681 blighting1796 terminal1952 a1350 St. Laurence 158 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Leg. (1881) 109 And seyn bete his body bare With scorpions þat uenym ware. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xviii. xi The venem spiþer hatte Aranea. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 20959 Þe venym nedder þat was strong. ?c1510 tr. Newe Landes & People founde by Kynge of Portyngale sig. Dv^v Forestis full of snakes and other venym beestes. 1538 Bale God's Promises iii, in I. Reed Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Plays (1780) I. 18 In my syght, he is more venym than the spyder. 1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. I3^v Things like sheepe lice, which aliue haue the venomost sting that may be. 1600 N. Breton Melancholike Humours in Wks. (1879) I. 13/1 Tis a subtill kinde of spirit, Of a venome kinde of nature. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 70 The venome clamors of a iealous woman. View more context for this quotation 1892 East Anglian Daily Times in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1905) (at cited word) A man remarked to two boys fighting, ‘You-a-munshy [you amongst you] fare as wenom as harnets’. Compounds attributive and in other combinations. a. Combinations, as venom-breeding, venom-hating, venom-sputtering; venom-fanged, venom-noyed, venom-spotted adjs.; venom-maker; venom-cold adj. venom mouthed: see venomed adj. Compounds. ΚΠ a1340 R. Rolle Psalter lvii. 5 Crist..lufes not charmers and venym makers. 1382 J. Wyclif Psalms lvii. 6 The vois of the enchaunteres; and of the venym makere. c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 926 Medee..By-tauȝt Iason a riche ryng, That alle venym for-dede & strued,—That he schul not be venym-noyed. 1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie iii. x. sig. H6^v Avaunt lewd curre, presume not to speake, Or with thy venome-sputtering chapps to barke Gainst well-pend Poems. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion i. 2 Iernsey,..whose venom-hating ground The hardned Emerill hath. 1760 F. Fawkes tr. Anacreon Odes in tr. Anacreon Wks. xlii. 12 By rankling Malice never stung, I shun the venom-venting Tongue. 1828 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 24 481 The venom-spotted coils and serpent eyes. a1847 E. Cook There's a Hero iv. 2 A venom-breeding Ocean. 1864 J. C. Atkinson Stanton Grange 220 A venom-fanged viper. 1889 R. B. Anderson tr. V. Rydberg Teutonic Mythol. 92 The venom-cold Elivogs. 1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Sept. 581 The treatment of venom poisoning. b. Simple attributive, as venom-albumen, venom-flood, venom-globulin, venom-peptone, venom-snake, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > [noun] > member of (snake) > group of venomous snakes > venomous snake deaf addereOE adderOE aspidec1000 shadow-addera1382 chelydre1393 tyre1471 viper1526 seps?1527 aspic1530 thirsty snake1567 aspworm1587 cheliderect?1590 viper-worm1605 palmer-serpent1608 polonga1681 asp1710 thirst-serpent1731 venom-snake1845 thanatophidian1891 solenoglyph1913 1845 Zoologist 3 1031 I found also five pairs of rudimental fangs,..apparently unattached to the venom-sac. 1847–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. i. 291/1 In the most deadly venom-snakes..the poison fangs acquire their largest size. 1855 P. J. Bailey Mystic 54 Fire, ice and scalding venom-floods of hell. 1883 Science 2 24/1 Three distinct proteids may be isolated from the venom of the moccason and the rattle~snake. These they propose to call respectively, venom-peptone, venom-globulin, and venom-albumen. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 811 One observer classing a venom proteid with the albumins or globulins. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2022). venomv. Brit. /ˈvɛnəm/, U.S. /ˈvɛnəm/ Forms: α. Middle English venem(e, Middle English–1500s venym(e, (Middle English venymp-, femyne), Middle English, 1500s–1600s venim(e, 1500s veneymen. β. Middle English–1600s venome (Middle English vemon), 1500s– venom, 1600s vennum. Etymology: < Old French venimer to envenom, or < venom n. Compare envenom v. Now Obsolete or archaic. 1. a. transitive. To injure by means of venom; to poison (a person, etc.); = envenom v. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > injure by means of poison [verb (transitive)] apoison1297 envenomc1300 venomc1330 poisonc1350 empoisona1375 intoxicatec1450 venina1500 enveleny?c1550 bane1578 envenomize1598 pestilent1613 toxicate1635 the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > kill [verb (transitive)] > by poisoning envenomc1300 venomc1330 poisonc1350 empoisona1375 stranglec1374 intoxicatec1450 impotionate1570 strike1592 to fig away1609 hemlock1846 strychninea1871 c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 1526 Þe tong [of the dragon] y bar oway; Þus venimed he me þan. 1375 in Horstmann Altengl. Leg. (1878) 136/1 Who so were..venympd wiþ eny wikked beste. a1400–50 Alexander 4842 A Basilisk..vemons in þe vaward valiant kniȝtis. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) xviii. 332 It befelle in shorte tyme, that dragons and venemous bestes venemed men. 1483 Cath. Angl. 400/1 To venome, venenare, jntoxicare. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Veneymen, inficio, cis, intoxico, as, ueneno, nas. 1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 202 He that rubbeth his hands with the root [of Dragons] in May, take adders, and they shall not venim him. 1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. cviii. 390 Out of the same will runne a..humor, which will venome the whole foote. 1665 J. Bunyan Holy Citie 230 The Dragon is a venemous beast, and poisoneth all where he lieth; he beats the Earth bare, and venoms it, that it will bear no grass. 1694 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 280 These with many other different Herbs spreading and running upon the Trees choak and venom them. figurative.1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 116/2 We shall see these vermine that seeke nothing else but to rotte or venime the Church of God.1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. iii. sig. E4^v Since I must Through Brothers periurie dye, O let me venome Their soules with curses.in extended use.1679 J. Dryden & N. Lee Oedipus iii. 41 Oh his murd'rous breath Venoms my aiery substance! b. absol. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > injure by means of poison [verb (intransitive)] venom1563 1563 T. Hill Arte Gardening (1593) 111 Linnen cloathes..laid to any place, where either Spider or waspe hath venomed, dooth quickly take away the paine thereof. 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxvii. 187 She venometh with hir byting when she is sault, as the Wolfe doth. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 515 A shrew, which biting horses and labouring cattell, it doth venome vntill it come vnto the hart, and then they die. 1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. cxxv. 427 Looke that you touch no part of the horse therewith, saue the sorrance onely; for it will venome. 2. a. To put venom in or on (something); to render venomous; = envenom v. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > injure by means of poison [verb (transitive)] > render poisonous avenomc1314 envenomc1325 venomc1350 empoison?c1450 poisona1470 inunct1513 embane1587 venenate1623 transvenoma1667 c1350 Libeaus Desc. 2050 For þoruȝ þat swordes dint..Þe venim will me spille: I venimed [v.r. femynede] hem boþe,..Our fomen for to fille. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 443 A swerdman, wiþ a swerd i-venymed. a1470 J. Hardyng Chron. lxxii. xiii There was a well whiche his enemyes espied,..Whiche they venomyd with poyson on a daye. 1569 J. Sanford tr. H. C. Agrippa Of Vanitie Artes & Sci. 105 b They have poysoned the water, infected the corne, and venomed the victuals. a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 52 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) He also was sore wounded with a Speare, whose head was venomed. 1612 J. Davies Muses Sacrifice in Wks. (Grosart) II. 18/1 The Med'cine, so, thou gau'st to cure my Wounds, I venomed to make my hurt the more. 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey III. x. 272 Venom'd was the bread, and mix'd the bowl, With drugs of force to darken all the soul. 1834 W. Beckford Italy; with Sketches Spain & Portugal II. 78 The heat seems..to have new venomed the stings of the fleas and the musquitoes. figurative.1794 R. Southey Elinor 52 All her rankling shafts Barb'd with disgrace, and venom'd with disease.1800 S. T. Coleridge tr. F. Schiller Piccolomini v. v. 204 Wherefore barb And venom the refusal with contempt? b. To embitter; = envenom v. 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to > affect detrimentally atterc885 hurtc1200 marc1225 appair1297 impair1297 spilla1300 emblemishc1384 endull1395 blemishc1430 depaira1460 depravea1533 deform1533 envenom1533 vitiate1534 quail1551 impeach1563 subvert1565 craze1573 taint1573 spoil1578 endamage1579 qualify1584 stain1584 crack1590 ravish1594 interess1598 invitiate1598 corrupt1602 venom1621 depauperate1623 detriment1623 flaw1623 embase1625 ungold1637 murder1644 refract1646 depress1647 addle1652 sweal1655 butcher1659 shade1813 mess1823 puckeroo1840 untone1861 blue1880 queer1884 dick1972 forgar- 1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 154 Loue like a serpent poysoning my ioyes, and biting my best daies, venomd all my blisse. a1821 J. Keats Hyperion (new ed.) 11 in Misc. Philobiblon Soc. (1856–7) III Only the dreamer venoms all his days, Bearing more woe than all his sins deserve. 3. figurative. To infect with moral evil; to corrupt, deprave, vitiate; = envenom v. 3. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > corrupt > poison morally venom13.. envenom1340 poison1395 intoxicatea1529 13.. K. Alis. 2860 [They] saide wel, er that tyme, Al Grece was of heom venyme [v.r. venymed]. c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 286 Þes religious & seculere prestis,..bi brekynge of þis lawe, ben cursid of god & venemyn cristendome. c1407 J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte 3391 And of venym..Venus pleynly took her name. For she venemyth many wyse Al that doon to hir servise. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. ii. xii. f. 17^v/2 Sen our tyme is now sa vennomit with vncouth & superflew metis & drinkis. 1591 R. Turnbull Expos. Epist. St. Iames f. 161^v Lyes, blasphemie,..filthie talke,..whereby the soules of men are often poysoned and venomed to death. 1616 N. Breton Hate of Treason sig. C^v Pride doth blinde, the eie infects the minde, venoms the hearte, and gives the soule a sting. 1681 Peace & Truth 10 This was the felicity of innocent Man before his Heart was venomed with Lust and Vanity. 1906 Westm. Gaz. 24 Dec. 2/1 To the pyre With this fiend that venoms all our sinful veins! This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.c1220v.13..
随便看	pinch-off pinch-off voltage pinch-out pinch-pleated pinch-plum pinch-run pinch-runner pinch-running pinch-spotted pinch-waisted pinch-water pinch-weed pinchable pinchably pinchback pinchbar pinchbeck pinchbeck-brown pinchbeckbrown pinchbecker pinchbeckest pinchbecks pinchbelly pinchcock pinchcocks