单词 | vindicate |
释义 | vindicatev. a. To exercise in revenge. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > execute (vengeance) [verb (transitive)] > exercise (aggrieved feelings) in vengeance awreakc930 bewreak1523 vindicate1533 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. 326 Praying þam to provid þat þe peple vindicat na Ire nor wraith [altered to vse na vengeance nor punycioun] on þam. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > execute (vengeance) [verb (transitive)] > avenge (an injury or injured person) wreakc825 awreak1048 righta1275 wrackc1275 wrakec1275 venge1303 bewreakc1325 avenge1377 hevena1400 sella1400 revengec1425 countervenge1523 wrecka1593 redeem1598 vindicate1623 to pay off1749 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. i Vindicate, to reuenge. 1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. i. 34 Solon declared, that it behoved them..that they should vindicate the Gods cause. 1664 N. Ingelo Bentivolio & Urania: 2nd Pt. vi. 288 Resolving by God's assistance to vindicate his Wrongs. 1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 67 News..being brought King Achbar that Mirza Sharoph..had been injured by the Ouzbeg Tartar; the King resolves to vindicate him. 1726 J. Swift Cadenus & Vanessa 22 But Cupid, full of Mischief, longs To vindicate his Mother's Wrongs. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > [verb (transitive)] threac897 tighta1000 beswinkc1175 punisha1325 chastise1362 paina1375 justifya1393 wage1412 reformc1450 chasten1526 thwart over thumba1529 chastifyc1540 amerce?1577 follow1579 to rap (a person) on the knuckles (also fingers)1584 finea1616 mulcta1620 fita1625 vindicate1632 trounce1657 reward1714 tawse1790 sort1815 to let (a person) have it1823 visit1836 to catch or get Jesse1839 to give, get goss1840 to have ita1848 to take (a person) to the woodshed1882 to give (one) snuff1890 soak1892 give1906 to weigh off1925 to tear down1938 zap1961 slap1968 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. viii. 367 There are seuerall Seates of Iustice heere (though none to vindicate beastlinesse). 1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed i. 86 God is more powerfull to exact subiection, and to vindicate rebellion. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 974 Private Trespasses should be vindicated upon the Authors thereof themselves, or else where they lived. 1770 E. Burke Thoughts Present Discontents 8 Because our grievances are..not precisely those which we bore from the Tudors, or vindicated on the Stuarts. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)] areddec885 leeseOE reddOE winc1220 deliver?c1225 ridc1225 quita1250 betellc1275 casta1300 to cast outa1300 liverc1330 rescuec1330 wrechec1330 borrowc1350 to put out of ——c1350 to bring awaya1400 redea1400 wreakc1400 rescourec1425 rescousa1450 savec1480 relue1483 salue1484 redeem1488 recovera1500 redressa1500 eschewc1500 rescours1511 to pull (also snatch) out of the fire1526 recourse1533 withtakec1540 redeem1549 vindicate1568 retire1578 repair1591 reprieve1605 to bring off1609 1568–71 (title) The Warkis of..Schir Dauid Lyndesay... Newly correctit, and vindicate from the former Errouris quhairwith thay war befoir corruptit. 1571 G. Buchanan Admonitioun Trew Lordis sig. A.2v How zow haue vindicat this realme, from the thraldome of strangearis. 1613 A. Sherley Relation Trav. Persia 85 Nothing will giue you more honour then..First to vindicate those places, in which your religion is oppressed. 1650 E. Ashmole Arcanum in A. Dee Fasciculus Chem. 166 A faithfull..Teacher, that may make the clear Sun conspicuous unto them, and vindicate their eies from darknesse. a1652 I. Jones Most Notable Antiq. called Stone-Heng (1655) 2 To vindicate, as much as in me lies, the Founders of this venerable Antiquity from oblivion. 1665 M. Nedham Medela Medicinæ 267 The Liquor ferments, and is vindicated from Putrefaction and Stagnation. 1756 E. Burke Vindic. Nat. Society 104 We should renounce their Dreams of Society, together with their Visions of Religion, and vindicate ourselves into perfect Liberty. 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. I. xiii. 328 His successful valour seemed to vindicate the nation from the ignominy into which it had fallen by its tame submission. 3. a. To clear from censure, criticism, suspicion, or doubt, by means of demonstration; to justify or uphold by evidence or argument. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > justification > justify [verb (transitive)] > vindicate to-deraignc1320 justifya1382 wreakc1400 vindicate1641 1641 Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia sig. F4v And so I shall onely vindicate the scandall of his death, and conclude him. 1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 150 O that God would find out some way to vindicate his own honor, and clear his cause. 1691 G. Langbaine Acct. Eng. Dram. Poets Pref. I might be capable of doing them better Service, in vindicating their Fame. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. ii. viii. 280 The Design of this Treatise, is not to vindicate the Character of God. 1776 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. (1778) 280 Poussin..is said to have vindicated the conduct of Julio Romano for his inattention to the masses of light and shade. 1782 F. Burney Cecilia III. v. iii. 44 I don't mean to vindicate what has happened. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India I. ii. ix. 413 Mr. Playfair admits that the Indian tables cannot be entirely vindicated in this respect. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xvii. 75 Those who had effected this Revolution thought it prudent to send a deputation to France for the purpose of vindicating their proceedings. 1884 L'pool Mercury 18 Feb. 5/2 He has no secret treaties to vindicate, no occult motives to gloss over in dubious pleadings. b. With personal object. ΚΠ 1646 R. Crashaw Steps to Temple 87 These learned leaves shall vindicate to thee Thy holyest, humblest, hand maid Charitie. 1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 338 I rise up to vindicate the Committee. 1675 R. Baxter Catholick Theol. ii. ii. 238 I must be so far justified, that is, vindicated against Calumny by my innocency in those points. 1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi iii. iii. i. 178/1 The mention of this, gives me an Opportunity..also to Vindicate another great Man, unto the Churches of our Lord Jesus Christ. c. Const. from (a charge, imputation, etc.). ΚΠ 1664 H. More Apol. in Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 487 Those more notable Philosophick Truths in the Scripture doth..vindicate her from that vile Imputation of Ignorance in Philosophy. 1675 J. Howe Living Temple i. ii. 20 He makes Velleius highly vindicate from this imputation. 1700 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding (new ed.) iv. viii. 367 But how that vindicates the making use of Identical Propositions, for the Improvement of Knowledge, from the imputation of Trifling, I do not see. 1723 J. Dart Westmonasterium I. 87 This I here mention to vindicate my self from those Mistakes of which I am not guilty. 1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne 37 I must vindicate Sterne from a charge of plagiarism. 1825 W. Scott Betrothed xiii, in Tales Crusaders II. 255 When he vindicated him from the suspicions thrown out by Guarine. 1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 78 He turned all his defence to vindicate himself from the charge of treason. 1891 Speaker 2 May 526/2 It is..the first serious attempt that has been made to vindicate Horace Walpole from the aspersions of Macaulay and his followers. d. To provide justification for (something); to justify by facts or results. Also with personal object. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > justification > justify [verb (transitive)] > vindicate > provide vindication for vindicate1703 1703 G. Farquhar Twin-rivals iv. iv. 55 For Heaven's sake, Mr. Richmore, what have I ever shewn to vindicate this Presumption of yours. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones II. v. vi. 155 The Infidelity of Molly..would, perhaps, have vindicated a much greater Degree of Resentment than he expressed on the Occasion. View more context for this quotation a1763 W. Shenstone Ess. in Wks. (1765) II. 203 One should not destroy an insect..without a reason sufficient to vindicate one through all the courts of morality. 1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. vii. 284 The mere fact of voluntariness is insufficient to vindicate the justice of allowing the assumed responsibility. 1882 C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xx. 150 No man has more brilliantly vindicated the sagacity which placed him in a position of power and responsibility. 4. To assert, maintain, make good, by means of action, esp. in one's own interest; to defend against encroachment or interference. ΘΚΠ society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > claim > maintain a claim by action assert1649 vindicate1650 1650 A. Marvell Horatian Ode 62 He nothing common did, or mean,..Nor called the gods with vulgar spite To vindicate his helpless right. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. i. 4 That..they..vindicate that liberty left them as an inheritance by their Ancestours, from the incroachments..of the Court of Rome. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd ii. 47 Arise and vindicate Thy Glory, free thy people from thir yoke. View more context for this quotation 1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) lxxx. ii Stir up thy Strength, thine Arme make bare, And vindicate thy chosen Race. 1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. vi. (1778) 196 He thought the happy period was at length come for vindicating his own rights. 1821 S. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 394/2 Prevention of intrusion upon private property is a right which every proprietor may act upon, and use force to vindicate. 1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. 4 The liberties of the nation are not yet vindicated. 5. a. To claim as properly belonging to oneself or another; to assert or establish possession of (something) for oneself or another. ΘΚΠ society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > claim challengea1240 claimc1320 pretend?a1425 vouch1488 to lay claim to1584 assert1649 vindicate1680 to take up1810 1680 J. Dryden in J. Dryden et al. tr. Ovid Epist. Pref. sig. A7 It appears not from their writers, that any of the Grecians ever touch'd upon this way, which our Poet therefore justly has vindicated to himself. 1737 Gentleman's Mag. June 332/2 Though Christ's Appeal to the 110th vindicates that Psalm to David, it vindicates none else. 1822 T. Taylor tr. Apuleius Metamorphosis 218 Exciting a frivolous controversy about the boundaries of the fields, he vindicated the whole of the land to himself. 1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. v. 146 Paul the Fourth, one of those remarkable men, who..have vindicated to themselves a permanent place in history. 1858 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 19 June in French & Ital. Notebks. (1980) v. 327 Grand enough to vindicate for him all the genius that the world gave him credit for. 1884 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. III. 2466/1 Robert Flint..vindicates him [sc. Voltaire] an honorable place in the development of the philosophy of history. b. Without const.: To claim for oneself or as one's rightful property. ΘΚΠ society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > claim > claim for oneself ownOE vendicate1531 brand1596 vindicate1725 bag1914 1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. iv. 224 Affianc'd in your friendly pow'r alone, The youth wou'd vindicate the vacant throne. 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man iii. 38 Is thine alone the Seed that strews the Plain? The Birds of Heav'n shall vindicate their Grain. 1781 W. Cowper Truth 490 The soul..Can..Possess herself of all that's good or true, Assert the skies, and vindicate her due. 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad iii. 131 The wide-beak'd hawk, that now beholds me die, Soon..my flesh shall tear, And wolves and tygers vindicate their share. c. spec. in Law. Also absol. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > claim at law > [verb (transitive)] > assert ownership of demand1485 assert1652 enter1733 vindicatea1859 file1871 a1859 J. Austin Lect. Jurispr. (1863) III. 207 A right to vindicate or recover the subject from any who may be in the possession of it. 1880 J. Muirhead tr. Ulpian Rules xxv, in tr. Gaius Institutes 425 The senate has decreed that he shall not be entitled to deduct his fourth, nor yet..to vindicate gifts under the testament that have become caducous. 1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes ii. 81 When he has thus vindicated, the praetor asks the cedent whether he makes any counter-vindication. Derivatives ˈvindicated adj. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > [adjective] > rescued or delivered rescued1595 vindicated1700 society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > justification > [adjective] > vindicated vindicated1700 1700 M. Prior Carmen Sæculare 8 To rescu'd States, and vindicated Crowns, His Equal hand prescrib'd their ancient Bounds. 1724 A. Shields Life J. Renwick (1827) 177 Instead of a reproached Minister, we got a vindicated Martyr. ˈvindicating n. and adj. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > [noun] alesingOE liverisona1225 deliverancec1300 healtha1325 redemptiona1325 deliveringc1330 savementc1330 salvationc1374 savinga1387 rescousc1390 rescuec1400 winningc1400 rescuingc1405 acquittancec1430 rescours1439 saveage1507 deliveration1509 deliverya1513 riddancea1530 liverance1553 rescousing1605 vindication1613 out-takinga1617 acquittal1619 vindicating1624 deliverancy1641 safety1654 society > morality > dueness or propriety > [noun] > claiming as due or right pretence1425 pretension1585 vindicating1624 asserting1644 pretensiveness1710 society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > justification > [adjective] > vindicated > vindicatory apologeticala1600 apological1607 vindicatory1647 apologetic1649 vindicative1660 vindicating1850 1624 T. Gataker Discuss. Transubstant. 42 The vindicating of this piece of antiquity to his right Author. a1649 W. Drummond Skiamachia in Wks. (1711) 191 The Equity of his taking of Arms, for the vindicating of his Crown and State from the implacable Malice of those Men. 1850 E. B. Browning Sonnets from Portuguese xi, in Poems (new ed.) II. 448 I obtain From that same love this vindicating grace, To live on still in love. ˈvindicatingly adv. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > justification > [adverb] > in a defensible manner > in vindicating manner apologetically1649 vindicatorily1854 vindicatingly1891 1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors I. xii. 225 Her mother required schooling to tell the story vindicatingly and proudly. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < v.1533 |
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