vindicativeadj.

Brit.

/vɪnˈdɪkətɪv/,

/ˈvɪndᵻkeɪtɪv/, U.S.

/vɪnˈdɪkədɪv/,

/ˈvɪndəˌkeɪdɪv/

Forms: Also 1500s vendicatife, vendicatyue, vindicatyfe, vindicatiue.

Etymology: < Old French vindicatif (also modern French), or medieval Latin vindicātīvus: see vindicate v. and -ive suffix. So Spanish vindicativo, Italian vendicativo.

†1. = vindictive adj. 1. Obsolete. (Common c1590–1690.)

a. Of persons (or things personified).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [adjective] > inclined to or eager for revenge

wrechefulc1290

wrakefula1300

vengeablec1380

revengeablea1522

vindicative1521

wreakful1531

vengible1548

revengeful?1560

avengeful1591

vengefula1599

vindictive1616

vindicable1632

1521 in H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge 2nd balade sig. s.iii O cruell deth, o theffe vindicatyfe To persons vertuous ennemy mortall.

1584 Copie of Let. conc. Erle of Leycester 18 This his sonne, who..is..far more insolent, cruel, vindicatiue,..and fox-like then euer he was.

a1637 N. Ferrar tr. J. de Valdés 110 Considerations (1638) 89 Understanding, that he doth not pardon, when hee is offended, wee hold him for cruell, inhumane, and vindicative.

a1680 J. Bargrave Pope Alexander VII (1867) i. xxv. 53 Some people believe him vindicative; but his anger is only a soden impetus.

1693 J. Dryden Disc. conc. Satire in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires p. xxxv I..being naturally vindicative, have suffer'd in silence; and possess'd my Soul in quiet.

†b. Of nature, disposition, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [adjective]

wrackfulc1230

vengeablec1430

wrakeful?a1505

wreakful1532

vindicativec1550

wreckful1557

vindictive1627

vengeful1649

resentive1736

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xi. 79 For thai ar of ane vendicatife nature.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xx. 140 My vendicatyue particular affectione.

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1956) VIII. 256 They discerned not betweene a zealous and a vindicative spirit.

1646 J. Temple Irish Rebell. 68 They let loose the reins of their own vindicative humour and irreconcilable hatred.

1689 T. Shadwell Bury-Fair iv He is one of the Nobless, and his nature's vindicative in Honour's cause.

a1734 R. North Examen (1740) iii. vii. §79 566 When Persons are fallen upon in our Heat, as upon the vindicative Turns of Parties.

a. = vindictive adj. 2. Now rare. (Common in 17th cent.)

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > retributive punishment > [adjective]

vindicative1610

vindictive1623

vindicatory1655

1610 G. Carleton Iurisdict. 31 Vindicative power or coaction belongs not to the Church.

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iv. 120 Repentance being in very many actions a primitive duty, afflictive, and vindicative.

1678 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. iii. vi. 200 That wherein he perpetually is mistaken, is the making of Non-election or Negative Reprobation a Vindicative act, the confounding it with the judicial Sentence of Damnation.

1812 Ann. Reg., Gen. Hist. 78 His act, which he always defended as vindicative of the injury he had sustained.

1854 R. C. Trench Synonyms New Test. (1860) 1st Ser. 27 The vindicative character of the punishment is the predominant thought.

b. esp. As an epithet of justice.

ΚΠ

1626 J. Yates Ibis ad Cæsarem ii. 30 God may separate from any creature in regard of his love,..and yet not be angry with them, which alwayes presupposeth vindicative iustice or fatherly castigations.

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 150 In proceedings in cases of vindicative justice delinquents might seem to be left rather to the fury then mercy of the law.

1679 R. Mansell Exact & True Narr. Late Popish Intrigue Addr. c 2 b They will find it ill striving against the Stream and Current of Vindicative Justice.

3. Serving to vindicate by defence or assertion.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > justification > [adjective] > vindicated > vindicatory

apologeticala1600

apological1607

vindicatory1647

apologetic1649

vindicative1660

vindicating1850

1660 T. White (title) Religion and Reason mutually corresponding and assisting each other, a Reply to the Vindicative Answer lately published against a Letter [etc.].

1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. i. ix. 204 We have to treat of the vindicative powers of each House; that is, its independent power to vindicate its authority.

Derivatives

vindicativeness n. vindictiveness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [noun] > desire for or tendency to

revenge1559

revengefulnessa1586

vindicativeness1655

vindictiveness1676

vengefulness1727

vindictivolence1865

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. v. Ded. sig. Ee Whilest his ignorant auditors condemned their mutual vindicativeness, the wiser sort admired..their peaceable dispositions.

1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. v. iii. 306 They..extol Voluptuousness, Wilfulness, Vindicativeness, Arbitrariness, Vain-Glory.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	vindicative
释义	vindicativeadj. Brit. /vɪnˈdɪkətɪv/, /ˈvɪndᵻkeɪtɪv/, U.S. /vɪnˈdɪkədɪv/, /ˈvɪndəˌkeɪdɪv/ Forms: Also 1500s vendicatife, vendicatyue, vindicatyfe, vindicatiue. Etymology: < Old French vindicatif (also modern French), or medieval Latin vindicātīvus: see vindicate v. and -ive suffix. So Spanish vindicativo, Italian vendicativo. †1. = vindictive adj. 1. Obsolete. (Common c1590–1690.) a. Of persons (or things personified). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [adjective] > inclined to or eager for revenge wrechefulc1290 wrakefula1300 vengeablec1380 revengeablea1522 vindicative1521 wreakful1531 vengible1548 revengeful?1560 avengeful1591 vengefula1599 vindictive1616 vindicable1632 1521 in H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge 2nd balade sig. s.iii O cruell deth, o theffe vindicatyfe To persons vertuous ennemy mortall. 1584 Copie of Let. conc. Erle of Leycester 18 This his sonne, who..is..far more insolent, cruel, vindicatiue,..and fox-like then euer he was. a1637 N. Ferrar tr. J. de Valdés 110 Considerations (1638) 89 Understanding, that he doth not pardon, when hee is offended, wee hold him for cruell, inhumane, and vindicative. a1680 J. Bargrave Pope Alexander VII (1867) i. xxv. 53 Some people believe him vindicative; but his anger is only a soden impetus. 1693 J. Dryden Disc. conc. Satire in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires p. xxxv I..being naturally vindicative, have suffer'd in silence; and possess'd my Soul in quiet. †b. Of nature, disposition, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [adjective] wrackfulc1230 vengeablec1430 wrakeful?a1505 wreakful1532 vindicativec1550 wreckful1557 vindictive1627 vengeful1649 resentive1736 c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xi. 79 For thai ar of ane vendicatife nature. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xx. 140 My vendicatyue particular affectione. a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1956) VIII. 256 They discerned not betweene a zealous and a vindicative spirit. 1646 J. Temple Irish Rebell. 68 They let loose the reins of their own vindicative humour and irreconcilable hatred. 1689 T. Shadwell Bury-Fair iv He is one of the Nobless, and his nature's vindicative in Honour's cause. a1734 R. North Examen (1740) iii. vii. §79 566 When Persons are fallen upon in our Heat, as upon the vindicative Turns of Parties. 2. a. = vindictive adj. 2. Now rare. (Common in 17th cent.) ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > retributive punishment > [adjective] vindicative1610 vindictive1623 vindicatory1655 1610 G. Carleton Iurisdict. 31 Vindicative power or coaction belongs not to the Church. 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iv. 120 Repentance being in very many actions a primitive duty, afflictive, and vindicative. 1678 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. iii. vi. 200 That wherein he perpetually is mistaken, is the making of Non-election or Negative Reprobation a Vindicative act, the confounding it with the judicial Sentence of Damnation. 1812 Ann. Reg., Gen. Hist. 78 His act, which he always defended as vindicative of the injury he had sustained. 1854 R. C. Trench Synonyms New Test. (1860) 1st Ser. 27 The vindicative character of the punishment is the predominant thought. b. esp. As an epithet of justice. ΚΠ 1626 J. Yates Ibis ad Cæsarem ii. 30 God may separate from any creature in regard of his love,..and yet not be angry with them, which alwayes presupposeth vindicative iustice or fatherly castigations. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 150 In proceedings in cases of vindicative justice delinquents might seem to be left rather to the fury then mercy of the law. 1679 R. Mansell Exact & True Narr. Late Popish Intrigue Addr. c 2 b They will find it ill striving against the Stream and Current of Vindicative Justice. 3. Serving to vindicate by defence or assertion. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > justification > [adjective] > vindicated > vindicatory apologeticala1600 apological1607 vindicatory1647 apologetic1649 vindicative1660 vindicating1850 1660 T. White (title) Religion and Reason mutually corresponding and assisting each other, a Reply to the Vindicative Answer lately published against a Letter [etc.]. 1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. i. ix. 204 We have to treat of the vindicative powers of each House; that is, its independent power to vindicate its authority. Derivatives vindicativeness n. vindictiveness. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [noun] > desire for or tendency to revenge1559 revengefulnessa1586 vindicativeness1655 vindictiveness1676 vengefulness1727 vindictivolence1865 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. v. Ded. sig. Ee Whilest his ignorant auditors condemned their mutual vindicativeness, the wiser sort admired..their peaceable dispositions. 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. v. iii. 306 They..extol Voluptuousness, Wilfulness, Vindicativeness, Arbitrariness, Vain-Glory. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.1521
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