† acknowv.

Forms:

α. Old English ancnawan, Old English oncnæwan (rare), Old English oncnaua (Northumbrian), Old English oncnawan, Old English oncneawan (rare), late Old English oncnewan, early Middle English oncnawe.

β. Old English acnawan, Old English ocnawan (rare), late Old English acwaw (imperative, transmission error), Middle English aknawe, Middle English aknowe, Middle English oknowe, Middle English–1600s aknow, 1500s acknowe, 1800s acknow (English regional (northern)).

Past tense

α. Old English ancneow, Old English ancnew (rare), Old English oncnæu (Northumbrian), Old English oncnæw (Northumbrian), Old English oncneaw (Northumbrian), Old English oncneawu (Northumbrian), Old English oncneu (Northumbrian), Old English oncnew, Old English oncniow (rare), Old English early Middle English oncweow (transmission error), Old English–early Middle English oncneow, late Old English oncneiw, late Old English oncniew.

β. Old English acneow.

Past participle

α. Old English ancnawen, Old English oncnæwyn (rare), Old English oncnauen (Northumbrian), Old English oncnawon (rare), Old English oncnawyn (rare), Old English–early Middle English oncnawen, late Old English oncnæwen, late Old English oncneæwen, Middle English onknaun, Middle English vnknawen, Middle English vn-knaun.

β. Old English acnawan (rare), Old English acnawen, Middle English aknau, Middle English aknaun, Middle English aknawe, Middle English aknawen, Middle English aknawin, Middle English aknow, Middle English aknowyn, Middle English oknawn, Middle English oknowe, Middle English oknowen, Middle English–1500s aknowe, Middle English–1500s aknowen, 1500s acknowen, 1500s aknown, 1500s–1600s acknowne, 1500s–1600s aknowne, 1500s–1600s (1700s English regional (northern)) acknown, 1600s a'knowne; Scottish pre-1700 aknawin, pre-1700 aknawne, pre-1700 aknawyn.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: on- prefix, know v.

Etymology: < on- prefix + know v.The β. forms show the usual reduction (already attested in Old English) of the unaccented prefix on- to a- (see a- prefix³, and compare A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §474). Forms in ack- probably result from association with words in ac- prefix; probably the /k/ was reanalysed as the final sound of the first syllable, and hence avoided otherwise regular loss in the cluster /kn/ (compare know v., etc.). Compare also the Old English adjectives oncnǣwe known, recognized, and the more common gecnǣwe conscious, aware, cognizant, acknowledging, (also) known, both of which were used in constructions similar to those in senses 3 and 4, and which probably influenced the development of these senses (compare a- prefix², a- prefix³):OE St. Eustace (Julius) in W. W. Skeat Ælfric's Lives of Saints (1900) II. 206 Hi þa..hine gecnæwne gedydon be þam tacne þe on his hneccan wæs þæt he hit wæs.OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) iv. 21 Ða ongan he him to cweðan: soþlice todæg þis gewrit is on eowrum earum gefylled; & hig ealle wæron þæs gecnæwe [c1200 Hatton gecnawe], & wundredon be þam wordum þe of his muþe eode.OE Rubrics & Direct. for Use of Forms of Service (Laud) in M. Förster & K. Wildhagen Texte u. Forschungen zur englischen Kulturgeschichte (1921) 55 Geþæf and gecnæwe ic eom, þæt ic on mænigfealdum synnum bewyled eam.lOE Canterbury Psalter xxxi. 5 Delictum meum cognitum tibi feci et iniustitias meas non operui: mine egyltæs ic dide þe oncnæwe & mine unsoðfestnesse ic ne oferwreah.

Obsolete (English regional (northern) in later use). In later use chiefly as past participle.

1. transitive. To know, recognize; to come to know, understand.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > perceive [verb (transitive)]

acknowOE

keepc1000

feelOE

findOE

seeOE

yknowc1275

apperceivec1300

descrivec1300

knowc1300

perceivec1330

taste1340

tellc1390

catcha1398

scenta1398

devisea1400

kena1400

concernc1425

descrya1450

henta1450

apprehend1577

scerne1590

to take in1637

discreevec1650

recognize1795

absorb1840

embrace1852

cognizea1856

cognosce1874

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > understand [verb (transitive)]

yknoweOE

acknowOE

anyeteOE

latchc1000

undernimc1000

understandc1000

underyetec1000

afindOE

knowOE

seeOE

onfangc1175

takec1175

underfindc1200

underfonga1300

undertakea1300

kenc1330

gripea1340

comprehend1340

comprendc1374

espyc1374

perceivea1387

to take for ——?1387

catcha1398

conceivea1398

intenda1400

overtakea1400

tenda1400

havec1405

henta1450

comprise1477

skilla1500

brook1548

apprend1567

compass1576

perstanda1577

endue1590

sound1592

engrasp1593

in1603

fathom1611

resent1614

receivea1616

to take up1617

apprehend1631

to take in1646

grasp1680

understumblec1681

forstand1682

savvy1686

overstand1699

uptake1726

nouse1779

twig1815

undercumstand1824

absorb1840

sense1844

undercumstumble1854

seize1855

intelligize1865

dig1935

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > know, be aware of [verb (transitive)]

witc888

underyetec893

knowOE

acknowOE

understanda1000

seeOE

awitc1200

wota1300

beknowc1300

kena1400

cognizance1642

suppose1843

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > recognition > recognize, acknowledge [verb (transitive)]

acknowOE

anyeteOE

i-kenc1000

yknowOE

knowOE

seeOE

kenc1275

knowledgec1330

to take knowledge ofa1400

perceive1549

agnize1568

reknowledge1611

recognize1725

reconnoitre1729

identify1746

recognizate1799

α.

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) ii. 197 Se oxa oncneow his hlaford.

OE Paris Psalter (1932) civ. 18 He..þa yldestan ealle lærde, þæt heo wisdomes word oncneowan.

OE Battle of Maldon (1942) 9 Be þam man mihte oncnawan þæt se cniht nolde wacian æt þam w[i]ge, þa he to wæpnum feng.

c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 24 Ða oncneow þe fæder þæt hine forlet þeo feofor.

a1225 ( Rule St. Benet (Winteney) (1888) 125 Gyf heo eft on æniȝe time hiȝ sylfe to mynstres wununȝe ȝefæstnian wille, ne sy na hyra ȝewilnunȝ onscunod, forþi þe me mihte hyre lif oncnawen [OE Corpus Cambr. tocnawan, OE Tiber. beon acnawan; L. dinosci] on þam fyrste, þe heo on cuman hiwe on mynstre wunede.

β. OE Rule St. Benet (Tiber.) (1888) i. 10 Operibus servantes seculo fidem mentiri deo per tonsuram noscuntur : mid weorcum healdende weorulde truwan leogan gode þurh scere synd acnawene.OE Vitellius Psalter cxxxviii. 1 Domine probasti me et cognouisti me : drihten þu afandodest & þu acneowe [eOE Vespasian Psalter oncnewe, eOE Royal Psalter ancneowe] me.OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iv. xlvi. 335 Þæt þa rihtwisan..sceawian on þam arleasum þa witu.., þæt hi þonne acnawan [OE Otho oncnawen], þæt hi sylfe sculon beon swa myccle ma gyldende þære godcundan gife in ecnesse.c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 1081 (MED) Bot ȝif y do hir it ben aknawe, Wiþ wild hors do me todrawe!c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 144 (MED) Þat noght aknoweþ [v.r. ne knowen] what estate he bere.1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes sig. P.iii^v When hee afar the men approche espyeth, And of his sone the ensignes dothe aknow.1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iv. xv. f. 104 To acknowe the hande and seale of our Lord..by what carrier soeuer they be brought.1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia ii. sig. C 2 Cornelia. Our friendes mis-fortune dooth increase our owne. Cicero. But ours of others will not be acknowne.

2. transitive. To admit or show one's knowledge of; to acknowledge, confess.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > acknowledgement, avowal, or confession > acknowledge, avow, or confess [verb (transitive)]

kenc975

kithec1000

acknowOE

anyetec1175

knowledgec1225

beknowc1325

avow1330

granta1400

acknowledge1481

recognize1509

confess1526

profess1526

testify1526

reacknowledge1550

avouch1606

to take with ——a1653

upgivea1776

OE Ælfric Let. to Sigeweard (De Veteri et Novo Test.) (Laud) 38 Nabochodonosor..gelædde þone kining to Chaldea mid him.., þæt he mihte oncnawan his manfullan dæda huru on þam hæftnede wið þone heofenlican God.

c1450 Speculum Christiani (Harl. 6580) (1933) 214 (MED) I schal aknow myn vnryghtwysnes to our lord.

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iv. f. 134 God will not be acknowen true in the receiuyng [of the bread] it selfe, but in the stedfastnesse of his owne goodnesse.

a1650 Merline 901 in F. J. Furnivall Percy Folio (1867) I. 450 To mee wold shee neuer a-know That any man for any meede Neighed her body.

1788 G. Steevens Let. 1 Sept. in T. Warton Corr. (1995) ii. 607 Your evenings might be allotted to the humoure of Stirbich Fair, where..you would meet with dysports in which you are acknown to have moche delyghte.

1829 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words (new ed.) 3 Acknow, to acknowledge, to confess. The old form of the word—still in use as a northern provincialism.

3. transitive (in passive). To make confession, acknowledgement, or avowal; to give recognition; to make a disclosure or revelation.

a. With subordinate clause.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > acknowledgement, avowal, or confession > acknowledge, avow, or confess [verb (intransitive)]

to be beknowna1300

acknowc1300

knowledgec1384

knowa1400

confess1587

subscribea1616

own1772

testify1785

c1300 St. Wulstan (Laud) l. 130 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 74 A-knowe ich am and wel ich wot, þat i-nam nouȝt wuyrþe þer-to.

c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) lv. 10 (MED) Ich am aknow þat þou art my God.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28288 Ic ha made vous oft vn-right, And halden þam efter my might, Þe gode vous ic am vn-knaun, Broken ic haue or lang do-draun.

1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 212 Be not aknowe whom it comyth fro.

c1500 2 Miracles Virgin (Tanner 407) in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1923) 38 377 (MED) I am a-knowe to alle men in this castel that I am no man, but a fynde of hel.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Macc. vi. 6 There durst no man be a knowne that he was a Jewe.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward V f. xxiiij^v Menne must sometyme for the maner sake not bee aknowen what they knowe.

1561 N. Throckmorton Let. 26 July in F. Bacon Scrinia Ceciliana (1663) 223 The Queen of Scotland departed..yesterday..where she will embark, she will be acknown to never a Scotch man.

1639 H. Ainsworth Annot. Five Bks. Moses, Bk. Psalmes & Song of Songs Pref. 4 They will not bee a knowne that they pray or doe worship unto them.

1654 J. Hall Of Govt. & Obed. iv. 491 The which they must be acknowed the most able to judge of that have made the most exact and general observations.

b. With of.

ΚΠ

c1300 Holy Cross (Laud) l. 21 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 1 Ȝif..men enquerieth aftur þe rode..Loke þat þov beo a-knowe þare-of.

c1330 Short Metrical Chron. (Auch.) l. 255 in PMLA (1931) 46 120 On me now ȝe haue merci. Of al þing ichil ben aknowe.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 26094 Þe toþer pont es scrift o muth To mak to preistes vr costes cuth, Of al vr plight to be vn-knaun, Wit will to bete þat we ha schaun.

c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 164 (MED) If þat we scholde of trowþe ben aknowe.

1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) vi. xxiv. 272/2 He wolde not be aknowen of his synne, but put his synne on god, and excused hym by Eue.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rom. i. 28 As it semed not good vnto them to be aknowen of God, even so God deliveryd them vppe vnto a leawde mynd.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccxc Touching religion & doctrin, they will be acknowne of none error.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xxii. 212 So would I not haue a translatour be ashamed to be acknowen of his translation.

1602 Bp. M. Smith Learned Serm. Worcester 13 For al our vilenes..we wil not be acknowen of it, but contrariwise stout it with him, & beard him.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 140 The very place where he grew shall not be acknowne of him.

1645 T. Gataker Gods Eye on Israel To Rdr. sig. A3 They may peradventure refuse..to be acknown of that which yet they hold.

c. With the thing acknowledged as complement.

ΚΠ

c1330 (?a1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) p. 488 (MED) For Iesu loue y pray þe..Þi riȝt name be aknawe.

c1350 How Good Wife taught her Daughter (Emmanuel) (1948) l. 154 Bet hem arowe, Til þei crien mercy and beo here gelte aknowe.

?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. i. pr. iv. 166 That I confesse and am a-knowe.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 4516 (MED) I am A-knowe myn errour, And axe off the forgyffnesse.

a1500 (?c1414) Paraphr. Seven Penitential Psalms 22 (MED) I am aknowe my synfull lyif, That I have led fro tendyr age.

d. Without complement.

ΚΠ

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 4391 (MED) I haue þe gretli a-gelt, to god ich am a-knowe.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 280 Knowlechyn or ben a-knowe be constreynynge, fateor. Knowlechyn or ben a-knowe wylfully, confiteor.

a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 209 Þe erl of Warwick..was aknowe, as þei seid. For whech confession þe king gaue him lif, and exiled him.

1607 B. Jonson Volpone v. vi. sig. M4 You will not be a' knowne, Sir: it is wise, Thus do all Gam'sters..dissemble. No man will seeme to winne.

4. transitive. In past participle (chiefly with to make). Acquainted, apprised, informed (of something).

ΚΠ

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 69 If he wild not so, he suld mak him oknowen, He suld wynne it..as for his owen.

c1440 Prose Life Alexander (Thornton) (1913) 23 (MED) We schall mak aknawen vntill hym ȝour grete glory.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xviii. 68 To departe out of my land sodaynly wythout to make me a knowen thereof.

c1550 J. Lumley tr. Euripides Iphigenia f. 82^v You will not be acknowen of this mariage: for it is the fassion of all younge men to kepe it secrete for a time.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	acknow
释义	† acknowv. Forms: α. Old English ancnawan, Old English oncnæwan (rare), Old English oncnaua (Northumbrian), Old English oncnawan, Old English oncneawan (rare), late Old English oncnewan, early Middle English oncnawe. β. Old English acnawan, Old English ocnawan (rare), late Old English acwaw (imperative, transmission error), Middle English aknawe, Middle English aknowe, Middle English oknowe, Middle English–1600s aknow, 1500s acknowe, 1800s acknow (English regional (northern)). Past tense α. Old English ancneow, Old English ancnew (rare), Old English oncnæu (Northumbrian), Old English oncnæw (Northumbrian), Old English oncneaw (Northumbrian), Old English oncneawu (Northumbrian), Old English oncneu (Northumbrian), Old English oncnew, Old English oncniow (rare), Old English early Middle English oncweow (transmission error), Old English–early Middle English oncneow, late Old English oncneiw, late Old English oncniew. β. Old English acneow. Past participle α. Old English ancnawen, Old English oncnæwyn (rare), Old English oncnauen (Northumbrian), Old English oncnawon (rare), Old English oncnawyn (rare), Old English–early Middle English oncnawen, late Old English oncnæwen, late Old English oncneæwen, Middle English onknaun, Middle English vnknawen, Middle English vn-knaun. β. Old English acnawan (rare), Old English acnawen, Middle English aknau, Middle English aknaun, Middle English aknawe, Middle English aknawen, Middle English aknawin, Middle English aknow, Middle English aknowyn, Middle English oknawn, Middle English oknowe, Middle English oknowen, Middle English–1500s aknowe, Middle English–1500s aknowen, 1500s acknowen, 1500s aknown, 1500s–1600s acknowne, 1500s–1600s aknowne, 1500s–1600s (1700s English regional (northern)) acknown, 1600s a'knowne; Scottish pre-1700 aknawin, pre-1700 aknawne, pre-1700 aknawyn. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: on- prefix, know v. Etymology: < on- prefix + know v.The β. forms show the usual reduction (already attested in Old English) of the unaccented prefix on- to a- (see a- prefix³, and compare A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §474). Forms in ack- probably result from association with words in ac- prefix; probably the /k/ was reanalysed as the final sound of the first syllable, and hence avoided otherwise regular loss in the cluster /kn/ (compare know v., etc.). Compare also the Old English adjectives oncnǣwe known, recognized, and the more common gecnǣwe conscious, aware, cognizant, acknowledging, (also) known, both of which were used in constructions similar to those in senses 3 and 4, and which probably influenced the development of these senses (compare a- prefix², a- prefix³):OE St. Eustace (Julius) in W. W. Skeat Ælfric's Lives of Saints (1900) II. 206 Hi þa..hine gecnæwne gedydon be þam tacne þe on his hneccan wæs þæt he hit wæs.OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) iv. 21 Ða ongan he him to cweðan: soþlice todæg þis gewrit is on eowrum earum gefylled; & hig ealle wæron þæs gecnæwe [c1200 Hatton gecnawe], & wundredon be þam wordum þe of his muþe eode.OE Rubrics & Direct. for Use of Forms of Service (Laud) in M. Förster & K. Wildhagen Texte u. Forschungen zur englischen Kulturgeschichte (1921) 55 Geþæf and gecnæwe ic eom, þæt ic on mænigfealdum synnum bewyled eam.lOE Canterbury Psalter xxxi. 5 Delictum meum cognitum tibi feci et iniustitias meas non operui: mine egyltæs ic dide þe oncnæwe & mine unsoðfestnesse ic ne oferwreah. Obsolete (English regional (northern) in later use). In later use chiefly as past participle. 1. transitive. To know, recognize; to come to know, understand. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > perceive [verb (transitive)] acknowOE keepc1000 feelOE findOE seeOE yknowc1275 apperceivec1300 descrivec1300 knowc1300 perceivec1330 taste1340 tellc1390 catcha1398 scenta1398 devisea1400 kena1400 concernc1425 descrya1450 henta1450 apprehend1577 scerne1590 to take in1637 discreevec1650 recognize1795 absorb1840 embrace1852 cognizea1856 cognosce1874 the mind > mental capacity > understanding > understand [verb (transitive)] yknoweOE acknowOE anyeteOE latchc1000 undernimc1000 understandc1000 underyetec1000 afindOE knowOE seeOE onfangc1175 takec1175 underfindc1200 underfonga1300 undertakea1300 kenc1330 gripea1340 comprehend1340 comprendc1374 espyc1374 perceivea1387 to take for ——?1387 catcha1398 conceivea1398 intenda1400 overtakea1400 tenda1400 havec1405 henta1450 comprise1477 skilla1500 brook1548 apprend1567 compass1576 perstanda1577 endue1590 sound1592 engrasp1593 in1603 fathom1611 resent1614 receivea1616 to take up1617 apprehend1631 to take in1646 grasp1680 understumblec1681 forstand1682 savvy1686 overstand1699 uptake1726 nouse1779 twig1815 undercumstand1824 absorb1840 sense1844 undercumstumble1854 seize1855 intelligize1865 dig1935 read1956 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > know, be aware of [verb (transitive)] witc888 underyetec893 knowOE acknowOE understanda1000 seeOE awitc1200 wota1300 beknowc1300 kena1400 cognizance1642 suppose1843 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > recognition > recognize, acknowledge [verb (transitive)] acknowOE anyeteOE i-kenc1000 yknowOE yknowOE knowOE seeOE kenc1275 knowledgec1330 to take knowledge ofa1400 perceive1549 agnize1568 reknowledge1611 recognize1725 reconnoitre1729 identify1746 recognizate1799 α. OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) ii. 197 Se oxa oncneow his hlaford. OE Paris Psalter (1932) civ. 18 He..þa yldestan ealle lærde, þæt heo wisdomes word oncneowan. OE Battle of Maldon (1942) 9 Be þam man mihte oncnawan þæt se cniht nolde wacian æt þam w[i]ge, þa he to wæpnum feng. c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 24 Ða oncneow þe fæder þæt hine forlet þeo feofor. a1225 ( Rule St. Benet (Winteney) (1888) 125 Gyf heo eft on æniȝe time hiȝ sylfe to mynstres wununȝe ȝefæstnian wille, ne sy na hyra ȝewilnunȝ onscunod, forþi þe me mihte hyre lif oncnawen [OE Corpus Cambr. tocnawan, OE Tiber. beon acnawan; L. dinosci] on þam fyrste, þe heo on cuman hiwe on mynstre wunede. β. OE Rule St. Benet (Tiber.) (1888) i. 10 Operibus servantes seculo fidem mentiri deo per tonsuram noscuntur : mid weorcum healdende weorulde truwan leogan gode þurh scere synd acnawene.OE Vitellius Psalter cxxxviii. 1 Domine probasti me et cognouisti me : drihten þu afandodest & þu acneowe [eOE Vespasian Psalter oncnewe, eOE Royal Psalter ancneowe] me.OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iv. xlvi. 335 Þæt þa rihtwisan..sceawian on þam arleasum þa witu.., þæt hi þonne acnawan [OE Otho oncnawen], þæt hi sylfe sculon beon swa myccle ma gyldende þære godcundan gife in ecnesse.c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 1081 (MED) Bot ȝif y do hir it ben aknawe, Wiþ wild hors do me todrawe!c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 144 (MED) Þat noght aknoweþ [v.r. ne knowen] what estate he bere.1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes sig. P.iii^v When hee afar the men approche espyeth, And of his sone the ensignes dothe aknow.1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iv. xv. f. 104 To acknowe the hande and seale of our Lord..by what carrier soeuer they be brought.1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia ii. sig. C 2 Cornelia. Our friendes mis-fortune dooth increase our owne. Cicero. But ours of others will not be acknowne. 2. transitive. To admit or show one's knowledge of; to acknowledge, confess. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > acknowledgement, avowal, or confession > acknowledge, avow, or confess [verb (transitive)] kenc975 kithec1000 acknowOE anyetec1175 knowledgec1225 beknowc1325 avow1330 granta1400 acknowledge1481 recognize1509 confess1526 profess1526 testify1526 reacknowledge1550 avouch1606 to take with ——a1653 upgivea1776 OE Ælfric Let. to Sigeweard (De Veteri et Novo Test.) (Laud) 38 Nabochodonosor..gelædde þone kining to Chaldea mid him.., þæt he mihte oncnawan his manfullan dæda huru on þam hæftnede wið þone heofenlican God. c1450 Speculum Christiani (Harl. 6580) (1933) 214 (MED) I schal aknow myn vnryghtwysnes to our lord. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iv. f. 134 God will not be acknowen true in the receiuyng [of the bread] it selfe, but in the stedfastnesse of his owne goodnesse. a1650 Merline 901 in F. J. Furnivall Percy Folio (1867) I. 450 To mee wold shee neuer a-know That any man for any meede Neighed her body. 1788 G. Steevens Let. 1 Sept. in T. Warton Corr. (1995) ii. 607 Your evenings might be allotted to the humoure of Stirbich Fair, where..you would meet with dysports in which you are acknown to have moche delyghte. 1829 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words (new ed.) 3 Acknow, to acknowledge, to confess. The old form of the word—still in use as a northern provincialism. 3. transitive (in passive). To make confession, acknowledgement, or avowal; to give recognition; to make a disclosure or revelation. a. With subordinate clause. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > acknowledgement, avowal, or confession > acknowledge, avow, or confess [verb (intransitive)] to be beknowna1300 acknowc1300 knowledgec1384 knowa1400 confess1587 subscribea1616 own1772 testify1785 c1300 St. Wulstan (Laud) l. 130 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 74 A-knowe ich am and wel ich wot, þat i-nam nouȝt wuyrþe þer-to. c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) lv. 10 (MED) Ich am aknow þat þou art my God. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28288 Ic ha made vous oft vn-right, And halden þam efter my might, Þe gode vous ic am vn-knaun, Broken ic haue or lang do-draun. 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 212 Be not aknowe whom it comyth fro. c1500 2 Miracles Virgin (Tanner 407) in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1923) 38 377 (MED) I am a-knowe to alle men in this castel that I am no man, but a fynde of hel. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Macc. vi. 6 There durst no man be a knowne that he was a Jewe. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward V f. xxiiij^v Menne must sometyme for the maner sake not bee aknowen what they knowe. 1561 N. Throckmorton Let. 26 July in F. Bacon Scrinia Ceciliana (1663) 223 The Queen of Scotland departed..yesterday..where she will embark, she will be acknown to never a Scotch man. 1639 H. Ainsworth Annot. Five Bks. Moses, Bk. Psalmes & Song of Songs Pref. 4 They will not bee a knowne that they pray or doe worship unto them. 1654 J. Hall Of Govt. & Obed. iv. 491 The which they must be acknowed the most able to judge of that have made the most exact and general observations. b. With of. ΚΠ c1300 Holy Cross (Laud) l. 21 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 1 Ȝif..men enquerieth aftur þe rode..Loke þat þov beo a-knowe þare-of. c1330 Short Metrical Chron. (Auch.) l. 255 in PMLA (1931) 46 120 On me now ȝe haue merci. Of al þing ichil ben aknowe. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 26094 Þe toþer pont es scrift o muth To mak to preistes vr costes cuth, Of al vr plight to be vn-knaun, Wit will to bete þat we ha schaun. c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 164 (MED) If þat we scholde of trowþe ben aknowe. 1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) vi. xxiv. 272/2 He wolde not be aknowen of his synne, but put his synne on god, and excused hym by Eue. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rom. i. 28 As it semed not good vnto them to be aknowen of God, even so God deliveryd them vppe vnto a leawde mynd. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccxc Touching religion & doctrin, they will be acknowne of none error. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xxii. 212 So would I not haue a translatour be ashamed to be acknowen of his translation. 1602 Bp. M. Smith Learned Serm. Worcester 13 For al our vilenes..we wil not be acknowen of it, but contrariwise stout it with him, & beard him. 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 140 The very place where he grew shall not be acknowne of him. 1645 T. Gataker Gods Eye on Israel To Rdr. sig. A3 They may peradventure refuse..to be acknown of that which yet they hold. c. With the thing acknowledged as complement. ΚΠ c1330 (?a1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) p. 488 (MED) For Iesu loue y pray þe..Þi riȝt name be aknawe. c1350 How Good Wife taught her Daughter (Emmanuel) (1948) l. 154 Bet hem arowe, Til þei crien mercy and beo here gelte aknowe. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. i. pr. iv. 166 That I confesse and am a-knowe. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 4516 (MED) I am A-knowe myn errour, And axe off the forgyffnesse. a1500 (?c1414) Paraphr. Seven Penitential Psalms 22 (MED) I am aknowe my synfull lyif, That I have led fro tendyr age. d. Without complement. ΚΠ a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 4391 (MED) I haue þe gretli a-gelt, to god ich am a-knowe. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 280 Knowlechyn or ben a-knowe be constreynynge, fateor. Knowlechyn or ben a-knowe wylfully, confiteor. a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 209 Þe erl of Warwick..was aknowe, as þei seid. For whech confession þe king gaue him lif, and exiled him. 1607 B. Jonson Volpone v. vi. sig. M4 You will not be a' knowne, Sir: it is wise, Thus do all Gam'sters..dissemble. No man will seeme to winne. 4. transitive. In past participle (chiefly with to make). Acquainted, apprised, informed (of something). ΚΠ ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 69 If he wild not so, he suld mak him oknowen, He suld wynne it..as for his owen. c1440 Prose Life Alexander (Thornton) (1913) 23 (MED) We schall mak aknawen vntill hym ȝour grete glory. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xviii. 68 To departe out of my land sodaynly wythout to make me a knowen thereof. c1550 J. Lumley tr. Euripides Iphigenia f. 82^v You will not be acknowen of this mariage: for it is the fassion of all younge men to kepe it secrete for a time. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.OE
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