Viennan.
/vɪˈɛnə/, U.S. /ˌviˈɛnə/ I. Compounds.† 7. Vienna cross stitch n. Embroidery Obsolete a type of cross stitch worked so as to appear the same on both sides of the fabric; also in shortened form Vienna cross. [After German Wiener Kreuzstich, lit. ‘Viennese cross stitch’ (1876 in an article by E. Bach, or earlier); Vienna-based embroiderer E. Bach was known for using this stitch and is often credited with its invention (compare quot. 1876).]
1. As a modifier. Designating a hard-paste porcelain, often richly decorated, manufactured in Vienna from 1719 to 1864. Also: designating an object made from this.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > porcelain > other European porcelain
Vienna1774
Buen Retiro1863
Ludwigsburg1863
Meissen1863
Medici porcelain1868
1774 H. Walpole Descr. Villa Strawberry-Hill 13 A tea-pot and bason, six handle cups and saucers, with battles in black, of Vienna china.
1875 C. Schreiber Jrnl. 13 Feb. (1911) I. 352 A most interesting Vienna tea service.
2017 Western Morning News (Nexis) 25 Nov. A Vienna porcelain table centrepiece depicting musicians, raised on a plinth.
2. In the names of pigments used in painting, decorative arts, etc.
a. Vienna white n. now chiefly historical either of two white pigments, (a) calcium carbonate; (b) white lead (lead carbonate). [After German Wiener Weiß, Wienerweiß, lit. ‘Viennese white’ (1794 or earlier).]
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the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > white pigment or paint
white leadlOE
whitea1300
blank plumbc1325
cerusec1405
white earth1448
Spanish white1546
litharge1551
mineral white1651
flake-white1660
Vienna white1816
permanent white1822
zinc white1847
constant white1854
Krems1854
Cremnitz1874
silver-white1875
lithoponea1884
baryta white1885
Charlton white1885
titanium white1920
1816 R. Jameson Syst. Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 127 The Vienna white known to artists, is perfectly purified chalk. It is used by starch-makers and chemists to dry precipitates on.
1854 F. W. Fairholt Dict. Terms Art 256/2 Krems White. A carbonate of lead;…it takes its name from the city where it is manufactured, Krems or Crems, in Austria, and is sometimes termed Vienna white.
1861 Chambers's Encycl. II. 744 The Vienna white of artists is simply purified chalk.
1935 Symp. Paint & Paint Materials (Amer. Soc. Testing Materials) 113 Precipitated calcium carbonate; precipitated white; Gilders whiting; marble white; marble dust; Paris white; Vienna white.
2014 M. D. Leonida Materials & Craft Early Iconographers ii. 9 Even the names used in different areas of Europe were similar (ceruza—in the Romanian area, Venetian white, Nottingham white, Vienna white, Cremnitz/Kremnitz white).
b. Vienna green n. now chiefly historical the green pigment Paris green (copper( ii) acetate triarsenite). [After German Wiener Grün, Wienergrün, lit. ‘Viennese green’ (1796 or earlier).]
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the world > matter > colour > named colours > green or greenness > green colouring matter > [noun] > pigment or dye > other pigments
vert1481
verditer1505
green bice1548
sap1572
sap-green1578
terre-verte1658
verditer1665
ultramarine blue (or colour)1686
emerald1712
Prussian green1738
Saxon green1753
verditel1778
Brunswick green1790
mountain green1822
Vienna green1825
bladder-green1830
Verona green1835
mitis green1839
Paris green1847
Hooker's green1860
Guignet's green1862
emerald green1879
silk green1880
viridian1882
Cassel green1885
Milori green1885
Victoria green1890
Montpellier green1930
cadmium green1934
guaco1936
Monastral1936
1825 tr. in Repertory Patent Inventions 1 347 Preparation of a colour named Vienna Green. By Dr. Liebig... Dissolve with heat, in a copper boiler, one part of verdigris in a sufficient quantity of pure vinegar, and add an aqueous solution of one part of white arsenic.
1842 G. W. Francis Dict. Arts Vienna Green, the same as Schweinford green; it is an arseniate of copper.
2001 P. Ball Bright Earth Notes 396 A Viennese chemist named Ignaz Mitis is also credited with the discovery—he may have made copper aceto-arsenite sometime between 1798 and 1814, and he manufactured it as Mitis green or Vienna green by the later date, if not earlier.
c. Vienna blue n. now chiefly historical the blue pigment cobalt blue. [After German Wiener Blau, Wienerblau, lit. ‘Viennese blue’ (1794 or earlier).]
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the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [noun] > deep blue
powder blue1628
zaffre1662
ultramarine1695
smalt1775
ultramarine blue (or colour)1781
royal blue1782
smalt-blue1794
mazarine blue1803
blue feldspar1804
lazulite1807
cobalt1835
Vienna blue1835
Venetian bluec1840
bleu-de-roi1848
gentian blue1848
gentian1854
mazarine1857
night-blue1865
lapis lazuli1870
Reckitt's blue1877
royal1885
Littler's blue1904
delphine1909
delphinium1923
Madonna blue1932
1835 G. Field Chromatogr. 111 [Cobalt blue] has been called Vienna blue, Paris blue, azure, and, very improperly, ultramarine.
1981 Christie's East (N.Y.) Sale Catal.: Later European Ceramics & Glass 4 Mar. 27/1 Item 173. A Vienna blue ground cup and saucer and a sea green ground cup and saucer. Impressed and blue beehive marks, circa 1830.
3. Vienna caustic n. Medicine (now historical) = Vienna paste n. at sense 4. [After French caustique de Vienne (1835 in the passage translated in quot. 1835).]
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the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > ointments, etc. > [noun] > paste (external) > specific paste
starch jelly1764
starch mucilage1801
Vienna caustic1835
guarana-paste1838
Vienna paste1840
1835 Amer. Jrnl. Pharmacy 7 259 Vienna caustic.—The slow action of caustic potash when used as a cautery, and the accidents that sometimes arise when it liquifies too rapidly, have determined many practitioners to make use of a new caustic, known under the name of Vienna powder.
1993 W. K. Pritchett Liar School Herodotos ii. 88 The term ‘Vienna caustic’ is applied to a mixture of potassium hydrate and lime, forming a powder used in medicine as a caustic.
4. Vienna paste n. Medicine (now historical) a caustic paste made of equal parts of potash (potassium hydroxide) and quicklime (calcium oxide), used to destroy abnormal tissue; also called Vienna caustic. [Compare French pâte de Vienne (1836 or earlier), and also German Wiener Ätzpaste, lit. ‘Viennese etching paste’ (1842 or earlier), Wiener Paste, lit. ‘Viennese paste’ (1846 or earlier).]
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the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > ointments, etc. > [noun] > paste (external) > specific paste
starch jelly1764
starch mucilage1801
Vienna caustic1835
guarana-paste1838
Vienna paste1840
1840 Lancet 18 July 619/2 He [sc. Mr. Laugier] also substituted a composition, consisting of equal parts of quick lime and caustic potash, to the caustic potash alone;..known under the name of Vienna paste.
1911 Amer. Jrnl. Clin. Med. 18 1166/1 All of us have seen instances of women with a tumor in the breast..who have suffered the tortures of the damned for weeks and weeks after the use of Vienna paste or plasters.
1989 Martindale's Extra Pharmacopoeia (ed. 28) 1551/2 A paste..known as Vienna paste was used as an escharotic.
5. In the names of various foods or dishes originating in or associated with Vienna.
a. Vienna cake n. any of various types of cake originating in or associated with Vienna; spec. a cake consisting of a number of thin layers of sponge, separated by layers of jam, ganache, etc., and covered with icing.
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1840 Rundell's New Syst. Domest. Cookery (ed. 64) xxi. 440 The Vienna Cake, called in Austria French Tart.
1937 Daily Mail 14 Jan. 4/4 At these works thousands of people are engaged in..the making of Vienna cake, sweets and confectionery.
2001 J. A. Medlicott Gardens of Covington ix. 61 A moist multilayered Vienna cake, one of Grace's specialties, baked mostly for special occasions, sat on the counter under a clear glass dome.
b. Vienna sausage n. a small, thin sausage similar to a frankfurter, traditionally made of pork and beef, and typically smoked; a wiener; also as a mass noun. [After German Wiener Wurst wienerwurst n.]
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the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > sausage > [noun] > types of sausage
franchemyle1381
herbelade?c1390
haggisc1400
black puddinga1450
blood puddingc1450
bloodinga1500
liveringa1500
haggis pudding1545
white pudding1578
swine's pudding1579
hog's pudding1583
Bolognian sausage1596
bloodling1598
andouille1605
andouillet1611
cervelat1613
mortadella1613
polony1654
blacking1674
hacking1674
whiting1674
Oxford sausagec1700
saucisson1772
German sausage1773
saveloy1784
blood sausage1799
white hawse1819
liver sausage1820
black pot1825
chipolata1830
Bologna sausage1833
butifarra1836
mettwurst1836
Cambridge sausage1840
boudin1845
chorizo1846
German1847
liverwurst1852
salami1852
station-Jack1853
leberwurst1855
wurst1855
blutwurst1856
bag of mystery1864
Vienna sausage1865
summer sausage1874
wienerwurst1875
mealy pudding1880
whitepot1880
wiener1880
erbswurst1885
pepperoni1888
mystery bag1889
red-hot1890
weenie1891
hot dog1892
frankfurter1894
sav?1894
Coney Island1895
coney1902
garlic sausage1905
boloney1907
kishke1907
drisheen1910
bratwurst1911
banger1919
cocktail sausage1927
boerewors1930
soy sausage1933
thuringer1933
frank1936
fish sausage1937
knackwurst1939
foot-long1941
starver1941
soya sausage1943
soysage1943
soya link1944
brat1949
Vienna1952
kielbasa1953
Coney dog1954
tube steak1963
Weisswurst1963
Cumberland sausage1966
merguez1966
tripe sausage1966
schinkenwurst1967
boerie1981
'nduja1996
1865 Cornhill Mag. Nov. 575 The Vienna sausage, bright red, small, and thin.
1958 Catal. County Stores, Taunton June 4 Vienna Sausages—a tin 4/–.
2018 Vogue (Nexis) Oct. 210 Vienna Sausage on saltines—that was an actual meal in my house.
c. As a modifier. Designating a type of bread originating in Vienna, made from a dough enriched with sugar and egg or butter, typically baked with steam to produce a thin, crisp crust; (also) designating a loaf of this. Also: designating a finely milled, high-grade flour from which this bread is traditionally made.
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the world > food and drink > food > flour > [noun] > fine flour
marrow of wheateOE
gruel1333
maine flourc1440
tearc1440
manchet floura1450
pollen1523
amyl1577
blancheen1601
smeddum1808
cones1844
Vienna1868
Spanish white1882
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > Vienna bread
Vienna1868
1868 W. E. Johnston Rep. Prepar. Food (Paris Universal Expos. 1867: Rep. U.S. Commissioners) 9 We find..that the machine-manufactured bread is inferior to the hand-worked Vienna bread.
1889 R. Wells Pastrycook & Confectioner's Guide 12 Vienna Bread. Take 12 lbs. of Vienna flour [etc.].
1906 365 Breads & Biscuits 61 Vienna Rolls..may stand half an hour before baking if desired.
2014 Irish Independent (Nexis) 6 Feb. 33 It doesn't taste anywhere near as good as a still-warm Vienna loaf fresh from the local bakery.
d. Vienna steak n. a flat cake of minced beef and onions, coated in breadcrumbs and typically pan-fried; also (and in earliest use) as a mass noun.
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the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > rissoles, balls, or croquettes > [noun]
rishew1340
pomedorry1381
rafiolea1425
raynoll?c1425
pomea1450
andouillet1611
raviol1611
tamale1625
patty1660
poupiets1702
croquette1706
rissole1706
potato cake1747
Basque1769
potato ball1817
Cecils1819
polpetta1822
quenelle1827
kibbeh1829
meatball1835
kromeski1846
quenelle de volaille1846
quesadilla1848
kungu cake1865
ponhaus1869
frikkadel1870
albondigas1872
fricandel1872
Vienna steak1874
pirozhok1887
kofta1888
paupiette1889
cheeseball1895
keftedes1912
baozi1927
crab cake1929
falafel1936
klops1936
coddie1941
wonton1948
fish finger1962
1874 Judy 18 Feb. 181/2 That nice German house.., Where you can buy sour crout.., and Vienna steak (if you like onions) and caviar.., or aught else you choose to command.
1951 G. Greene End of Affair ii. iii. 71 Henry chose a Vienna steak... He..expected something like a Wiener Schnitzel.
2009 Sentinel (Stoke-on-Trent) (Nexis) 9 Nov. 8 Lunch—choice of mashed, new or jacket potatoes, three vegetables, pasta, chicken, curry, fish, Vienna steaks etc.
6. Vienna Coup n. (also Vienna coup) Bridge and Whist the playing of the highest ranking card of a suit in order to force an opponent to discard what would be a potentially winning card or cards in subsequent rounds; cf. squeeze n. 1f.In quot. 1864 perhaps not a fixed collocation. Clay gives the tactic he is describing this name because he saw it played in Vienna.
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > actions or tactics
echo1862
signal1864
Vienna Coup1864
Peter1885
Bath coup1897
promotion1900
finesse1902
switch1921
false-carding1923
squeeze1926
squeeze play1926
suicide squeeze1931
pseudo-squeeze1932
throw-in1932
suit preference signal1934
underlead1934
psyching1938
ruff and discard1939
hold-up1945
upper cut1955
safety play1959
1864 J. Clay Treat. Short Whist ii, in J. L. Baldwin Laws Short Whist 94 Great Vienna Coup at Double Dummy. Clubs are trumps. No. 1 leads, and makes all thirteen tricks.
1932 Times 19 July 17/5 It should be noted that in many examples of the Vienna Coup it is necessary to lead out every single trump to achieve the desired position.
2002 D. Bird Bridge Squeezes for Everyone iv. 35 To free your ♣Q to act as a one-card threat against East, you should cash the ♣A (a Vienna Coup) after drawing trumps.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [noun] > embroidery or ornamental sewing > stitch > other
chain-stitch1598
French knot1623
picot1623
petty-point1632
tent-stitch1639
brede-stitch1640
herringbone stitch1659
satin stitch1664
feather-stitch1835
Gobelin stitch1838
crowfoot1839
seedingc1840
German stitch1842
petit point1842
long stitch1849
looped stitch1851
hem-stitch1853
loop-stitch1853
faggot stitch1854
spider-wheel1868
dot stitch1869
picot stitch1869
slip-stitch1872
coral-stitch1873
stem stitch1873
rope stitch1875
Vienna cross stitch1876
witch stitch1876
pin stitch1878
seed stitch1879
cushion-stitch1880
Japanese stitch1880
darning-stitch1881
Kensington stitch1881
knot-stitch1881
bullion knot1882
cable pattern1882
Italian stitch1882
lattice-stitch1882
queen stitch1882
rice stitch1882
shadow-stitch1882
ship-ladder1882
spider-stitch1882
stem1882
Vandyke stitch1882
warp-stitch1882
wheel-stitch1882
basket-stitch1883
outline stitch1885
pointing1888
bullion stitchc1890
cable-stitchc1890
oriental stitchc1890
Turkish stitchc1890
Romanian stitch1894
shell-stitch1895
saddle stitch1899
magic stitch1900
plumage-stitch1900
saddle stitching1902
German knot stitch1903
trellis1912
padding stitch1913
straight stitch1918
Hungarian stitch1921
trellis stitch1921
lazy daisy1923
diamond stitchc1926
darning1930
faggot filling stitch1934
fly stitch1934
magic chain stitch1934
glove stitch1964
pad stitch1964
1876 Harper's Bazar 21 Oct. 676 (caption) This tidy in Vienna cross stitch and Holbein-work is designed by Madame Emilie Bach.
1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 188/1 Persian Cross stitch, a stitch..also called Vienna Cross.
8. Vienna Secession n. Art and Architecture a group of avant-garde artists and architects active in Vienna in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, founded in 1897 as a reaction to the conservatism of the Vienna Künstlerhaus and broadly associated with art nouveau and the Arts and Crafts Movement. Cf. Viennese Secession n. at Viennese adj. and n. Compounds, secession n. 3d, Sezession n.Prominent members of the Vienna secession included Gustav Klimt, Oskar Kokoschka, Egon Schiele, and Otto Wagner. [After German Wiener Secession, Wiener Sezession, lit. ‘Viennese secession’ (1898 or earlier), itself after Münchener Secession Munich Secession, lit. ‘secession of Munich’ (1893 or earlier; short for Verein bildender Künstler Münchens Secession, lit. ‘society of visual artists of Munich Secession’), the name of a similar group founded in 1892.]
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > late 19th and 20th centuries > [noun] > other movements
chinoiserie1846
fantasticism1846
materialism1850
attitudinarianism1853
Vienna Secession1900
luminarism1903
Viennese Secession1903
luminism1905
Whistlerism1912
Omega Workshop1917
Suprematism1921
neoprimitivism1922
Rayonism1922
Bauhaus1923
linearism1935
precisionism1939
actionism1953
neo-expressionism1957
neo-Dadaism1960
neo-Dada1961
structurism1963
arte povera1969
process art1969
eco-art1970
body art1971
post-minimalism1971
Memphis1981
neo-conceptualism1986
Neo-Geo1986
Norman Rockwellism1988
Stuckism1999
1900 Artist May 209/1 The Vienna ‘Secession’ have just opened their eighth exhibition, which is principally devoted to the arts and crafts.
1964 C. Lake & R. Maillard Dict. Mod. Painting (ed. 3) 182/2 Between 1898 and 1903, he [sc. Klimt] was president of the Vienna Secession.
2018 Scotsman (Nexis) 21 Sept. Touched by influences that ranged from Scottish baronial architecture to the Vienna Secession, the Mackintosh building was beautiful.
II. Simple uses.† 9. Vienna porcelain. Obsolete. rare.
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1900 F. Litchfield Pottery & Porcelain vii. 307 A..more tawdry description of Vienna china has been placed on the market... This would seem to have damaged the sale of the better class of modern Vienna.
10. A Vienna sausage. Cf. wiener n. 1.
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the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > sausage > [noun] > types of sausage
franchemyle1381
herbelade?c1390
haggisc1400
black puddinga1450
blood puddingc1450
bloodinga1500
liveringa1500
haggis pudding1545
white pudding1578
swine's pudding1579
hog's pudding1583
Bolognian sausage1596
bloodling1598
andouille1605
andouillet1611
cervelat1613
mortadella1613
polony1654
blacking1674
hacking1674
whiting1674
Oxford sausagec1700
saucisson1772
German sausage1773
saveloy1784
blood sausage1799
white hawse1819
liver sausage1820
black pot1825
chipolata1830
Bologna sausage1833
butifarra1836
mettwurst1836
Cambridge sausage1840
boudin1845
chorizo1846
German1847
liverwurst1852
salami1852
station-Jack1853
leberwurst1855
wurst1855
blutwurst1856
bag of mystery1864
Vienna sausage1865
summer sausage1874
wienerwurst1875
mealy pudding1880
whitepot1880
wiener1880
erbswurst1885
pepperoni1888
mystery bag1889
red-hot1890
weenie1891
hot dog1892
frankfurter1894
sav?1894
Coney Island1895
coney1902
garlic sausage1905
boloney1907
kishke1907
drisheen1910
bratwurst1911
banger1919
cocktail sausage1927
boerewors1930
soy sausage1933
thuringer1933
frank1936
fish sausage1937
knackwurst1939
foot-long1941
starver1941
soya sausage1943
soysage1943
soya link1944
brat1949
Vienna1952
kielbasa1953
Coney dog1954
tube steak1963
Weisswurst1963
Cumberland sausage1966
merguez1966
tripe sausage1966
schinkenwurst1967
boerie1981
'nduja1996
1952 Lubbock (Texas) Evening Jrnl. 20 May (Final ed.) i. 5 (advt.) Empty well-drained corn into a mixing bowl. Add 1 can of Viennas, cut into ½ inch lengths, with other ingredients.
1963 M. Levinson Taxi! xi. 132 The modern Jewish taxi-driver..doesn't mind..a plate of ham with his viennas, the traditional Jewish ‘hot dog’.
2016 C. Isaacs Cooking for my father in my Cape Malay Kitchen (e-book ed.) After placing the order, I'd wait patiently for him to emerge from the back with warm, pink and slightly spicy Viennas.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1774- quarterbacked
- quarterbacking
- quarterbacks
- quarterbadge
- quarterbill
- quarterbitt
- quarterbloke
- quarterblood
- quarterblow
- quarterboard
- quarterbook
- quarterbound
- quarterboy
- quarterbred
- quarterbreed
- quartercask
- quartercast
- quartercaste
- quartercheck
- quarterchord
- quartercircular
- quartercrack
- querulist
- querulity
- querulosity