violencen.

Brit.

/ˈvʌɪələns/,

/ˈvʌɪəln̩s/, U.S.

/ˈvaɪ(ə)ləns/

Forms: Middle English uiolence, Middle English uyolence, Middle English uyolens, Middle English vileyns, Middle English violense, Middle English violenses (singular, probably transmission error), Middle English violeyns, Middle English vyalens, Middle English wielens, Middle English wiolence, Middle English–1500s violens, Middle English–1500s vyolence, Middle English–1500s vyolens, Middle English– violence, 1600s voiolence, 1600s voyolence; Scottish pre-1700 uyolence, pre-1700 veolence, pre-1700 vialence, pre-1700 viholence, pre-1700 violance, pre-1700 violans, pre-1700 violens, pre-1700 violenss, pre-1700 violente, pre-1700 vyolence, pre-1700 vyolens, pre-1700 weolence, pre-1700 wiolence, pre-1700 wiolens, pre-1700 wyolence, pre-1700 wyolens, pre-1700 1700s– violence.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French violence.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French violence, Middle French violance, violense (French violence ) (unreasonable or excessive) use of force, an instance of this (both 13th cent. in Old French), power of a natural force or physical action (c1377), rape (a1467) < classical Latin violentia (unreasonable) use of force, aggressiveness, passionateness, destructive or overwhelming force < violentus violent adj. + -ia -ia suffix¹; compare -ence suffix. Compare Old Occitan violencia, violensa (early 14th cent.), Catalan violència (c1400), Spanish violencia (14th cent.), Portuguese violência (14th cent.), Italian violenza (early 14th cent.).With to do violence to (also †unto) at Phrases 1 and to make violence to (also on, etc.) at Phrases 2 compare Middle French, French faire violance à (c1370).

a. The deliberate exercise of physical force against a person, property, etc.; physically violent behaviour or treatment; (Law) the unlawful exercise of physical force, intimidation by the exhibition of such force. Formerly also: †the abuse of power or authority to persecute or oppress (obsolete).In quots. 1609, a1796 personified.domestic, gang, mob violence, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > violent treatment or force

strong handOE

strengthOE

strenghc1300

violencec1300

mightc1325

stuntisea1327

forcea1340

enforcing138.

forcinga1382

forcenessc1400

violation?c1500

efforce1549

enforcement1577

Stafford law1589

vexation1605

club-law1612

aspertee1660

physical force1716

strong arm1836

savaging1858

muscle1879

strong-arming1906

c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 932 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 133 Ȝif ani man hond on ov set, ich ov hote al-so Þat ȝe þe sentence of holi churche, for swuche violence ȝe do.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Job xxiv. 6 Þe feld not þers þei destroȝen, & his vyne whom bi violence [L. vi] þei oppresseden þei kutten þe grapis.

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 11142 Clerk to bete, or handes on ley yn vyolence, hyt ys grete eye.

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 1175 Þe world es..a sted of mykel wrechednes,..Of filthe and of corrupcion, Of violence and of oppression.

?a1475 G. Banester Guiscardo & Ghismonda (BL Add.) l. 389 in H. G. Wright Tales from Decameron (1937) 24 (MED) Sen yhe lyst be awroken, Punyshinge thys dede with vtter malivolence, Forsoth it ought nat on hym to be tokyn, For it wor wrong and tyranly wiolence.

1516 Lyfe St. Birgette in Kalendre Newe Legende Eng. (Pynson) f. cxxiii When y^e cytezens sawe y^t by prayers they profyted nat somwhat with vyolence, neuerthelesse reuerently they ledde hir out of hir house vnto the watersyde.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxxviij Then might they also be in the more hope to giue the repulse to the Turke, with all his violence.

1609 T. Dekker Worke for Armorours sig. D4 Violence hath borne many great offices, and Money hath done much for him.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xx. 102 Promises proceeding from fear of death, or violence, are no Covenants.

1718 Free-thinker No. 58. 2 Almost all the Governments..had their Commencement in Violence.

1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia II. xxxvii. 80 The violence of war admits no distinction.

a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 371 Mark ruffian Violence, distain'd with crimes, Rousing elate in these degenerate times.

1848 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 III. ix. 524 The Government..protected them against the perils of violence and rapacity.

1868 A. P. Stanley Hist. Mem. Westm. Abbey iii. 145 No other presumable mark of violence was seen.

1933 A. G. Macdonell England, their England i. 12 If you lay a finger on him and pinch his watch at the same time, that's robbery with violence.

1955 Times 20 Aug. 5/2 Some of them were indulging in violence and arson, adopting ‘hit and run’ tactics.

1972 Science 23 June 1301/1 Only 35 percent of American men define ‘police shooting looters’ as violence and only 56 percent define ‘police beating students’ in this manner.

2013 East Valley Tribune (Mesa, Arizona) (Nexis) 2 Feb. A plot heavy with explicit language, sex and violence.

b. An instance or case of this; a violent or damaging act; a physical assault. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > [noun] > an instance of

violencea1393

wrong1398

scathec1440

spoil1551

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > violent treatment or force > act or instance of

outragec1300

violencea1393

forcea1481

stratagem1581

violency1632

savaging1858

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 3454 The tidinge of this violence..Sche sende anon ay wydewhere To suche frendes as sche hadde.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 5261 (MED) Ȝe wil make restitucioun Of þe harmys and þe violencis.

c1480 (a1400) St. Pelagia 234 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 211 Þe feynde..can cry,..‘alace! I thole but defence of hyme þis ald gret wyolence’.

1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 189 Curage in thame was noucht begonne to spring, Full sore thay dred to done a violence.

1596 E. Spenser View State Ireland 510 b She perhaps, for very compassion of such calamities, will not only stop the stream of such violences, and return to her wonted mildness, but [etc.].

1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης Pref. sig. B4^v A tedious..warr on his subjects, wherein he hath so farr exceeded those his arbitrary violences in time of peace.

1682 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Rights Princes (new ed.) ii. 64 He laments the Violences that were used in some Elections.

1759 H. Walpole Let. 23 Dec. in Corr. (1941) IX. 262 Has your brother told you of the violences in Ireland?

1783 A. Hamilton Let. 1 June in J. C. Hamilton Hist. Republic U.S.A. in Writings A. Hamilton (1858) II. 534 Suppose a violence committed by an American vessel on the vessel of another nation upon the high seas [etc.].

1817 J. Yeates Rep. Supreme Court Pennsylvania 1 481 A violence committed by the defendant on the negro in New Jersey.

1818 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 33 12 They saw nothing but the violences on Sir Francis's side.

1941 J. R. R. Tolkien Let. 9 June (1995) 55 It is to sloth, as much or as more than to natural virtue, that we owe our escape from the overt violences of other countries.

2002 S. Burke Deadwater iv. 34 As adults, they'd play over the violences with a grim nostalgia.

2. Great strength or power of a natural force or physical action, esp. when destructive or damaging; violent motion or effect.Sometimes merging into sense 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun]

brathc1175

reighshipc1275

airc1300

ragec1330

sturdinessc1384

violencea1387

fierceness1435

vehemencyc1487

furiosity1509

fiercetya1513

bremeness?1529

boistousness1530

vehemence1535

bruteness1538

violency1538

violentness1544

vehementness1561

wrath1579

fury1585

torture1605

keenness?1606

ragingness1621

stiffness1623

rapt1632

tempestuousness1648

boisterousnessa1650

rampancy1652

boisture1667

untamedness1727

paroxysm1893

storminess1894

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 391 (MED) Phelip was..i-warned þat he schulde kepe and save hym self from þe violence [L. violentia] of a chariot.

?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 151 Sum ware drouned by violence of þe wawes.

c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame (Fairf. 16) (1878) l. 775 Whan a pipe is blowen sharpe The aire ys twyst with violence.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 12210 I..sawh a whel..By vyolence tourne aboute Contynuelly to-ffor my fface.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccccxiiij^v Than chiefly was the city maruelouslye beaten with shot, the violence wherof was so great, that [etc.].

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 513 The river Aufon..breaketh forth with more violence upon the flats adioyning.

1659 J. Leak tr. I. de Caus New Inventions Water-works 1 The vessel..shall be made as high as may be, that it may give so much the more violence to the Water.

1706 Boston News-let. 4 Feb. 2/2 Presuming to go home late at night, notwithstanding the Violence of the Storm of Snow.

1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §61 (note) The strokes of the sea may at the Edystone be so great as to wash the poison out again from the wood, that in a situation of less violence could..slowly insinuate itself.

1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 104 He knocked a fourth time, and with violence.

1862 C. Darwin On Var. Contrivances Orchids Fertilised ii. 57 The pollinia cannot be jarred out of the anther-cells by violence.

1935 G. Blake Shipbuilders v. 166 The chair..overturned with a clatter in the violence of his leap to the bedside of his friend.

1991 Time 1 July 60/1 The violence of the collision..blasted out a tremendous crater.

2006 Field & Stream May 58/1 The V-notch of foaming water disappears with such violence that the idea of running it is laughable.

3. Great intensity or severity, esp. of something destructive or undesirable. Frequently with of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > specifically of conditions or influences

violencea1393

vehemency1546

the world > matter > colour > colour relationships > [noun] > excessive contrast

violence1818

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iii. l. 24 Wrathe..Which hath hise wordes ay so hote, That all a mannes pacience Is fyred of the violence.

?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 70 Oft tymes he fell by violence of þat sekeness.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 28 Rye..suffereth the violence of mystes and frostes.

1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies ii. x. 103 Arabia, the which is burnt with the Sunne, having no showres to temper the violence thereof.

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words at Intercident An extraordinary critical day,..being caused by the violence of the disease.

1714 J. Purcell Treat. Cholick 137 If an Inflammation arises,..Bleeding is to be order'd, and repeated according to its Violence.

1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho IV. iii. 44 She went off as peacefully as a child, for all the violence of her disorder was passed.

1818 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 279/1 It is the every-day effect of Nature, without any poetic licence of composition in form, or forced violence of contrast in colouring.

1854 W. McKenzie Pract. Treat. Dis. Eye (rev. ed.) xiii. 450 In many cases there is..scarcely any remission in the violence of the pain.

1923 A. Huxley Antic Hay xxi. 290 Mrs. Viveash had been reduced, by the violence of her headache, to coming home..for a rest.

1949 G. Texidor These Dark Glasses 6 He is sweating and pale with the violence of the heat.

1992 P. Slack in T. Ranger & P. Slack Epidemics & Ideas (1995) i. 6 The violence of the epidemic..can be measured in a number of ways.

4. Vehemence or intensity of emotion, behaviour, or language; extreme fervour; passion.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > violent emotion > [noun]

woodnessc1000

furyc1374

ferteec1380

ragea1393

violencea1393

excess1423

zeala1425

vehemence1445

extremity1509

franticnessa1529

vehemency1534

wildnessc1540

impotency1542

violent1576

distraughture1594

distraught1610

distractiona1616

distractedness?1617

entrancement1637

distractfulnessa1640

impotencea1640

transportment1639

transportednessa1656

violent1667

whirl1707

rave1765

Sturm und Drang1857

storm and stress1879

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > specifically of personal feelings or actions

ragea1393

violencea1393

vehemence1445

vehemency1534

vehementness1561

impetuosity1639

rankness1640

impetuousness1656

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 607 (MED) Whi hast thou drede of so good on..in hire is no violence Bot goodlihiede and innocence.

c1460 Tree & 12 Frutes (McClean) (1960) 85 (MED) Paciens..brekith hasty likyngis and swagith þe violens þerof.

c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 663 But arche wives, egre in ther vyolence, Fers as tygre ffor to make affray.

1543 Chron. J. Hardyng lxxxv. f. lxviiii That cursed violence Of Mordredes pryde, and all his insolence.

1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. vii. f. 123 Which violence of tonge, & rashnes of wordes bulked out..was nothing els but a declaration & token of his traiterous hart.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 223 Marke me, with what violence she first lou'd the Moore.

1654 E. Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 84 I was trubled to see the violence it putt him into.

1735 W. Somervile Chace iii. 544 He vents the cooling Stream, and up the Breeze Urges his Course with eager Violence.

1818 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1865) 142 To expect that the violence of party spirit is never more to return.

1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India II. ix. iii. 321 It was concluded by Akber's reproving the mullahs for their violence.

1871 F. W. Farrar Witness of Hist. iii. 102 The battering violence of his impassioned rhetoric.

1912 Collier's 9 Mar. 21/1 He sprang to his feet, livid. ‘That's a lie,’ and he stopped suddenly, startled by his own violence.

2002 New Yorker 13 May 98/1 Biting dissonances..spell out the violence of Orpheus' emotions as he descends into the underworld.

a. A restriction on or alteration of natural action, behaviour, or inclination; an undue or enforced constraint. Chiefly with to, on, etc. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > restriction of free action > [noun] > of free play or development

violence?1531

violence?1535

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restriction or limitation > [noun] > of free play or development

violence?1531

violence?1535

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [noun] > entangling or confining > undue constraint

violence?1531

?1531 R. Whitford tr. Folowing of Christe iii. xii. f. lxxvi^v Somtyme it behoueth vs to vse as it were a vyolence [L. violentia] to our selfe and strongly to resyst and breke downe our sensual appetyt.

1581 W. Allen Apol. Two Eng. Colleges iv. f. 45 These are the lawes of the Realme (if we may so call such violences) to which we cannot conforme our selues.

1646 J. Gregory Notes & Observ. 25 Suspension, Lapidation, or the like just violences against Natures course.

1706 R. Estcourt Fair Example iv. i I yielded to the Intreaty of my Friends, Acted a violence on my reluctant Heart, And gave my trembling Hand..to Another.

1777 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (new ed.) I. 184 If he have but resolution enough..to impose a violence on himself.

1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §119 It would yet be a violence to myself, to refrain from doing the Proprietors justice.

?1824 L. Stanhope in R. Edgcumbe Lord Byron (1909) xvi. 205 It was a violence to his nature..either to conceal what he thought or to harbour revenge.

1874 E. B. Pusey Lenten Serm. 109 He..made it a violence to their engraced nature, not to choose Him.

1999 T. Wood Beginning Postmodernism ii. 25 Does Lyotard class jointly a variety of large narratives, thus imposing a violence on the diversity of narratives in our culture?

b. Undue constraint applied to nature, a trait, habit, etc., so as to restrict its development or use, or to alter it unnaturally. Chiefly with to. Now somewhat rare.Recorded earliest and now chiefly in to do violence to at Phrases 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > [noun]

safety?a1400

detentc1465

custodyc1503

straina1510

safeguard1528

violence?1535

safe custody1536

restrainta1547

detention?1570

retention1572

constraint1590

sickerness1678

deportation1909

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > restriction of free action > [noun] > of free play or development

violence?1531

violence?1535

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restriction or limitation > [noun] > of free play or development

violence?1531

violence?1535

?1535 tr. M. Luther Treat. Good Workes sig. m.iii^v We must do vyolence to nature, and suffre ye vyolence be done vnto it [Ger. hie musz man der natur weh thun unnd weh thun lassenn], for here begynneth the batayle betwene the spiryte & the flesshe.

1596 T. Morton Treat. Threefolde State of Man ii. v. 303 Neither indeede is it any maruaile, that a naturall man should be vnable to resist and offer violence to his nature, to denie himselfe and all worldly pleasures.

a1639 J. Stoughton Righteous Mans Plea (1640) i. 36 He [sc. God] doth it irresistibly, and invincibly working so..upon our owne desires, that there is no violence to the will at all.

1671 Bp. S. Parker Def. Eccl. Politie ii. 104 If he have forced himself upon this trouble with reluctancy and violence to his Humour, [etc.].

1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. ii. Pref. 200 We must..not make our Reason and Philosophy perpetually offer violence to our Sight and other Senses.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones II. vi. iv. 252 He was obliged to attend near a Quarter of an Hour, though with great Violence to his natural Impetuosity, before he was suffered to speak.

1847 J. Yeowell Chron. Anc. Brit. Church ix. 93 The first Christian missionaries in Ireland seem to have carefully avoided all unnecessary violence to the ancient habits of the aborigines.

2007 A. Al-Azmeh Times of Hist. iii. 88 In the psychoanalytic terms used by one analysis.., this violence to nature is guaranteed by it constituting a ‘cultural super-ego’.

c. Improper treatment or use of a word or text; misinterpretation; misapplication; alteration of meaning or intention. Also: an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > misinterpretation > distortion or perversion of meaning > [noun]

wrestingc1444

pervertinga1450

corruptiona1513

straining1528

writhing?1532

hacking1539

violence1546

racking1556

wrying1562

wringing1565

detorting1579

wrest1581

detortion1598

wrench1603

torture1605

distorting1610

violencing1612

refraction1614

misacception1629

distortion1650

distorture1709

misacceptation1721

torturing1753

verbicide1826

stretch1849

twisting1890

queeringness1955

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > misinterpretation > distortion or perversion of meaning > [noun] > instance of

violence1546

wresting1551

wreathing1556

strain1579

wrest1581

mis-sense1615

by-signification1651

extortion1652

corruption1699

wrench1701

by-sense1782

corruptibility1847

torturing1855

twist1862

1546 J. Bale tr. John Frederick I in tr. J. Jonas True Hystorie Christen Departynge M. Luther f. 32 Hytherto haue they [sc. the Pope and Holy Roman Emperor] agaynst thy holye worde done thys vyolence [Ger. haben..gemutwilliget].

1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) 143 But Master Camden with lesse violence..deriueth it [sc. dele] from the Bryttish Dole.

1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed ii. 294 Being in some places Adonai cannot be read for Jehovah, without manifest violence offered to the Text.

1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura i. 7 Neither the Paradigmatic..or any of the Plastic, can..be call'd Sculpture, without a Catachresis and some Violence.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones II. iv. vi. 46 A Passion which might, without any great Violence to the Word, be called Love.

1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) IV. 371 Then a violence would be offered, as well to the words, as to the meaning of the party.

1875 E. White Life in Christ (1878) iv. xxvii. 446 The violence of the proposed interpretation is..conspicuous.

1948 L. S. Chafer Systematic Theol. III. xx. 371 To this one requirement no other obligation may be added without violence to the Scriptures.

2003 in A. Newcombe & L. Paradell Law & Pract. Investm. Treaties (2009) ix. 462 The ‘commitments’ subject matter of Article 11..may, without imposing excessive violence on the text itself, be commitments of the state itself as a legal person.

†6. Violation or breach of something. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > non-observance or breach > [noun]

borrow-breacha900

brucheOE

breacha1382

violation1433

rupture1439

non-observance1453

misobservance1496

violating1523

swerving1545

infringinga1575

inobservation1579

recess1601

inobservancea1626

infringement1628

misobservancy1637

egression1651

nonconformity1653

unobservance1654

brack1658

infraction1673

violence1743

non-conformance1786

inobservancy1824

1743 H. Fielding Of Remedy Afflict. in Misc. I. 305 Nor is there any Dissuasive from such Contemplation [of the loss of friends]: It is no Breach of Friendship, nor Violence of Paternal Fondness.

†7. Maritime Law. The extent of the liability incurred by the owners of a ship for irregularities committed by its master. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > invasion of another's rights, tort, or damage > question of liability in

violence1802

1802 A. Browne Compend. View Civil Law & Law Admiralty v. 144 We have now done with the effect of the master's contracts, or violence, as to his owners, and proceed to consider how he and they are affected by his negligence.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 713 Violence, the question in tort, as to the amount of liability incurred by the owners for outrages and irregularities committed by the master.

Phrases

P1. to do violence to (also †unto): to inflict harm, injury, or damage on; (also) to restrict, constrain, or alter unnaturally; to distort the meaning of.In early use also with double object.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to

werdec725

wema1000

evilc1000

harmc1000

hinderc1000

teenOE

scathec1175

illc1220

to wait (one) scathec1275

to have (…) wrong1303

annoya1325

grievec1330

wrong1390

to do violence to (also unto)a1393

mischievea1393

damagea1400

annulc1425

trespass1427

mischief1437

poisonc1450

injurea1492

damnify1512

prejudge1531

misfease1571

indemnify1583

bane1601

debauch1633

lese1678

empoison1780

misguggle1814

nobble1860

strafe1915

to dick up1951

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > treat violently [verb (transitive)]

outragec1390

to do violence untoa1393

to lay violent hands on (or upon)a1428

to put hand(s) to (also in, on)1526

surprise1548

violate1584

violenta1661

bedevil1768

strong-arm1896

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > damage or injure [verb (transitive)]

mareOE

shendOE

hinderc1000

amarOE

awemc1275

noyc1300

touchc1300

bleche1340

blemisha1375

spill1377

misdoa1387

grieve1390

damagea1400

despoil?a1400

matea1400

snapea1400

mankc1400

overthrowa1425

tamec1430

undermine1430

blunder1440

depaira1460

adommage?1473

endamage1477

prejudicec1487

fulyie1488

martyra1500

dyscrase?1504

corrupt1526

mangle1534

danger1538

destroy1542

spoil1563

ruinate1564

ruin1567

wrake1570

injury1579

bane1587

massacre1589

ravish1594

wrong1595

rifle1604

tainta1616

mutilea1618

to do violence toa1625

flaw1665

stun1676

quail1682

maul1694

moil1698

damnify1712

margullie1721

maul1782

buga1790

mux1806

queer1818

batter1840

puckeroo1840

rim-rack1841

pretty1868

garbage1899

savage1899

to do in1905

strafe1915

mash1924

blow1943

nuke1967

mung1969

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 1937 Appolinus..telleth hem the violence Which the tretour Strangulio And Dionise him hadde do.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19325 Þai durst na uiolence to þam do For þe folk þam helded to.

?1535 [see sense 5b].

1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia iv. i. 28 Iuba and Petreus, fiercely combatting, Haue each done other equall violence.

a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Knight of Malta v. ii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Mmmmm3/2 They have done violence unto her Tomb, Not granting rest unto her in the grave.

1692 tr. C. de Saint-Évremond Misc. Ess. 93 I make no question, but that in the violence of the Triumvirate, he did much Violence to himself.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. xii. iii. 206 To say the Truth, we have..often done great Violence to the Luxuriance of our Genius.

1800 A. Clarke Let. Methodist Preacher ii. 15 Never do violence to the word of God, by taking a text out of the connection in which his Spirit has placed it.

1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 474 They did violence to the majesty of the law,..and then, through profaning it, did violence to man.

1880 G. Smith Cowper iii. 41 Cowper himself was made to do violence to his intense shyness by leading in prayer.

1917 Northwestern Reporter 163 909/1 The words ‘at that time’ referred to, and only to, the time of the wife's death. Any other construction would do violence to the language employed.

1933 B. Gadelius Human Mentality ii. 83 Neurology and Psychiatry are sciences which are so intertwined..that they can only be separated by doing violence to the natural connection.

1991 N. Broude Impressionism (1997) vii. 158 Terms..which did not do violence to the original intentions of these still-Romantic painters of nature.

2001 J. Monahan et al. Rethinking Risk Assessm. vii. 133 An apparently serious statement of intention to do violence to a named victim.

P2. to make violence to (also on, etc.): = to do violence to at Phrases 1. Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > do harm [verb (intransitive)]

woundc897

to do or work wough?c1225

to do (work, make) scathec1275

annoy1340

nuisec1350

harm1362

scathe1488

to make violence to (also on, etc.)1529

prank1530

damnify1621

endamage1635

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > fall from chastity (of woman) [verb (intransitive)] > rape

to make violence to (also on, etc.)1529

1529 S. Fish tr. H. Bomelius Summe Holye Script. ii. sig. B.vii He that with a parfait faith and trust comyth vnto god he maketh violence [Du. doet..ghewelt] vnto the euerlastynge lyfe.

1597 W. Burton tr. Achilles Tatius Most Delectable & Pleasaunt Hist. Clitiphon & Leucippe 62 The theeues hauing espyed a ship wandring and floting about the coast made violence vpon her.

1657 S. Du Verger Humble Refl. 136 The Emperour, Kinge, Prelate, Prince, Preist and people, with vnanimous hartes, and ioynt endeuours, to make violence against heauen.

1683 F. C. Ph. tr. Crafty Lady 50 I intreat you to make violence to your modesty by liking that I send you my Coach.

1781 tr. P. Metastasio Ezio iii. i. 38 I dissembled till now, and was forced to make violence to my feelings.

1853 Crayon May 151/2 The extreme height of the dome..will make violence in the general outline of the mass.

1931 H. Lanz Physical Basis of Rime v. 167 His set of rules for successful riming recommends ‘to wrest no word from his natural propriety’, nor to make violence to grammatical order for the sake of rime.

1975 F. G. Perey in R. A. Schrack & C. D. Bowman Nucl. Cross Sections & Technol. II. 843/1 If one starts from the best estimates based on microscopic data, one must make violence to the microscopic data.

2006 C. Goggins Of Love & War viii. 40 What's needed is for us to learn how to make violence on ourselves instead of others.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	violence
释义	violencen. Brit. /ˈvʌɪələns/, /ˈvʌɪəln̩s/, U.S. /ˈvaɪ(ə)ləns/ Forms: Middle English uiolence, Middle English uyolence, Middle English uyolens, Middle English vileyns, Middle English violense, Middle English violenses (singular, probably transmission error), Middle English violeyns, Middle English vyalens, Middle English wielens, Middle English wiolence, Middle English–1500s violens, Middle English–1500s vyolence, Middle English–1500s vyolens, Middle English– violence, 1600s voiolence, 1600s voyolence; Scottish pre-1700 uyolence, pre-1700 veolence, pre-1700 vialence, pre-1700 viholence, pre-1700 violance, pre-1700 violans, pre-1700 violens, pre-1700 violenss, pre-1700 violente, pre-1700 vyolence, pre-1700 vyolens, pre-1700 weolence, pre-1700 wiolence, pre-1700 wiolens, pre-1700 wyolence, pre-1700 wyolens, pre-1700 1700s– violence. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French violence. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French violence, Middle French violance, violense (French violence ) (unreasonable or excessive) use of force, an instance of this (both 13th cent. in Old French), power of a natural force or physical action (c1377), rape (a1467) < classical Latin violentia (unreasonable) use of force, aggressiveness, passionateness, destructive or overwhelming force < violentus violent adj. + -ia -ia suffix¹; compare -ence suffix. Compare Old Occitan violencia, violensa (early 14th cent.), Catalan violència (c1400), Spanish violencia (14th cent.), Portuguese violência (14th cent.), Italian violenza (early 14th cent.).With to do violence to (also †unto) at Phrases 1 and to make violence to (also on, etc.) at Phrases 2 compare Middle French, French faire violance à (c1370). 1. a. The deliberate exercise of physical force against a person, property, etc.; physically violent behaviour or treatment; (Law) the unlawful exercise of physical force, intimidation by the exhibition of such force. Formerly also: †the abuse of power or authority to persecute or oppress (obsolete).In quots. 1609, a1796 personified.domestic, gang, mob violence, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > violent treatment or force strong handOE strengthOE strenghc1300 violencec1300 mightc1325 stuntisea1327 forcea1340 enforcing138. forcinga1382 forcenessc1400 violation?c1500 efforce1549 enforcement1577 Stafford law1589 vexation1605 club-law1612 aspertee1660 physical force1716 strong arm1836 savaging1858 muscle1879 strong-arming1906 c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 932 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 133 Ȝif ani man hond on ov set, ich ov hote al-so Þat ȝe þe sentence of holi churche, for swuche violence ȝe do. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Job xxiv. 6 Þe feld not þers þei destroȝen, & his vyne whom bi violence [L. vi] þei oppresseden þei kutten þe grapis. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 11142 Clerk to bete, or handes on ley yn vyolence, hyt ys grete eye. a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 1175 Þe world es..a sted of mykel wrechednes,..Of filthe and of corrupcion, Of violence and of oppression. ?a1475 G. Banester Guiscardo & Ghismonda (BL Add.) l. 389 in H. G. Wright Tales from Decameron (1937) 24 (MED) Sen yhe lyst be awroken, Punyshinge thys dede with vtter malivolence, Forsoth it ought nat on hym to be tokyn, For it wor wrong and tyranly wiolence. 1516 Lyfe St. Birgette in Kalendre Newe Legende Eng. (Pynson) f. cxxiii When y^e cytezens sawe y^t by prayers they profyted nat somwhat with vyolence, neuerthelesse reuerently they ledde hir out of hir house vnto the watersyde. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxxviij Then might they also be in the more hope to giue the repulse to the Turke, with all his violence. 1609 T. Dekker Worke for Armorours sig. D4 Violence hath borne many great offices, and Money hath done much for him. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xx. 102 Promises proceeding from fear of death, or violence, are no Covenants. 1718 Free-thinker No. 58. 2 Almost all the Governments..had their Commencement in Violence. 1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia II. xxxvii. 80 The violence of war admits no distinction. a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 371 Mark ruffian Violence, distain'd with crimes, Rousing elate in these degenerate times. 1848 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 III. ix. 524 The Government..protected them against the perils of violence and rapacity. 1868 A. P. Stanley Hist. Mem. Westm. Abbey iii. 145 No other presumable mark of violence was seen. 1933 A. G. Macdonell England, their England i. 12 If you lay a finger on him and pinch his watch at the same time, that's robbery with violence. 1955 Times 20 Aug. 5/2 Some of them were indulging in violence and arson, adopting ‘hit and run’ tactics. 1972 Science 23 June 1301/1 Only 35 percent of American men define ‘police shooting looters’ as violence and only 56 percent define ‘police beating students’ in this manner. 2013 East Valley Tribune (Mesa, Arizona) (Nexis) 2 Feb. A plot heavy with explicit language, sex and violence. b. An instance or case of this; a violent or damaging act; a physical assault. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > [noun] > an instance of violencea1393 wrong1398 scathec1440 spoil1551 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > violent treatment or force > act or instance of outragec1300 violencea1393 forcea1481 stratagem1581 violency1632 savaging1858 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 3454 The tidinge of this violence..Sche sende anon ay wydewhere To suche frendes as sche hadde. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 5261 (MED) Ȝe wil make restitucioun Of þe harmys and þe violencis. c1480 (a1400) St. Pelagia 234 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 211 Þe feynde..can cry,..‘alace! I thole but defence of hyme þis ald gret wyolence’. 1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 189 Curage in thame was noucht begonne to spring, Full sore thay dred to done a violence. 1596 E. Spenser View State Ireland 510 b She perhaps, for very compassion of such calamities, will not only stop the stream of such violences, and return to her wonted mildness, but [etc.]. 1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης Pref. sig. B4^v A tedious..warr on his subjects, wherein he hath so farr exceeded those his arbitrary violences in time of peace. 1682 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Rights Princes (new ed.) ii. 64 He laments the Violences that were used in some Elections. 1759 H. Walpole Let. 23 Dec. in Corr. (1941) IX. 262 Has your brother told you of the violences in Ireland? 1783 A. Hamilton Let. 1 June in J. C. Hamilton Hist. Republic U.S.A. in Writings A. Hamilton (1858) II. 534 Suppose a violence committed by an American vessel on the vessel of another nation upon the high seas [etc.]. 1817 J. Yeates Rep. Supreme Court Pennsylvania 1 481 A violence committed by the defendant on the negro in New Jersey. 1818 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 33 12 They saw nothing but the violences on Sir Francis's side. 1941 J. R. R. Tolkien Let. 9 June (1995) 55 It is to sloth, as much or as more than to natural virtue, that we owe our escape from the overt violences of other countries. 2002 S. Burke Deadwater iv. 34 As adults, they'd play over the violences with a grim nostalgia. 2. Great strength or power of a natural force or physical action, esp. when destructive or damaging; violent motion or effect.Sometimes merging into sense 3. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] brathc1175 reighshipc1275 airc1300 ragec1330 sturdinessc1384 violencea1387 fierceness1435 vehemencyc1487 furiosity1509 fiercetya1513 bremeness?1529 boistousness1530 vehemence1535 bruteness1538 violency1538 violentness1544 vehementness1561 wrath1579 fury1585 torture1605 keenness?1606 ragingness1621 stiffness1623 rapt1632 tempestuousness1648 boisterousnessa1650 rampancy1652 boisture1667 untamedness1727 paroxysm1893 storminess1894 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 391 (MED) Phelip was..i-warned þat he schulde kepe and save hym self from þe violence [L. violentia] of a chariot. ?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 151 Sum ware drouned by violence of þe wawes. c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame (Fairf. 16) (1878) l. 775 Whan a pipe is blowen sharpe The aire ys twyst with violence. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 12210 I..sawh a whel..By vyolence tourne aboute Contynuelly to-ffor my fface. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccccxiiij^v Than chiefly was the city maruelouslye beaten with shot, the violence wherof was so great, that [etc.]. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 513 The river Aufon..breaketh forth with more violence upon the flats adioyning. 1659 J. Leak tr. I. de Caus New Inventions Water-works 1 The vessel..shall be made as high as may be, that it may give so much the more violence to the Water. 1706 Boston News-let. 4 Feb. 2/2 Presuming to go home late at night, notwithstanding the Violence of the Storm of Snow. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §61 (note) The strokes of the sea may at the Edystone be so great as to wash the poison out again from the wood, that in a situation of less violence could..slowly insinuate itself. 1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 104 He knocked a fourth time, and with violence. 1862 C. Darwin On Var. Contrivances Orchids Fertilised ii. 57 The pollinia cannot be jarred out of the anther-cells by violence. 1935 G. Blake Shipbuilders v. 166 The chair..overturned with a clatter in the violence of his leap to the bedside of his friend. 1991 Time 1 July 60/1 The violence of the collision..blasted out a tremendous crater. 2006 Field & Stream May 58/1 The V-notch of foaming water disappears with such violence that the idea of running it is laughable. 3. Great intensity or severity, esp. of something destructive or undesirable. Frequently with of. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > specifically of conditions or influences violencea1393 vehemency1546 the world > matter > colour > colour relationships > [noun] > excessive contrast violence1818 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iii. l. 24 Wrathe..Which hath hise wordes ay so hote, That all a mannes pacience Is fyred of the violence. ?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 70 Oft tymes he fell by violence of þat sekeness. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 28 Rye..suffereth the violence of mystes and frostes. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies ii. x. 103 Arabia, the which is burnt with the Sunne, having no showres to temper the violence thereof. 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words at Intercident An extraordinary critical day,..being caused by the violence of the disease. 1714 J. Purcell Treat. Cholick 137 If an Inflammation arises,..Bleeding is to be order'd, and repeated according to its Violence. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho IV. iii. 44 She went off as peacefully as a child, for all the violence of her disorder was passed. 1818 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 279/1 It is the every-day effect of Nature, without any poetic licence of composition in form, or forced violence of contrast in colouring. 1854 W. McKenzie Pract. Treat. Dis. Eye (rev. ed.) xiii. 450 In many cases there is..scarcely any remission in the violence of the pain. 1923 A. Huxley Antic Hay xxi. 290 Mrs. Viveash had been reduced, by the violence of her headache, to coming home..for a rest. 1949 G. Texidor These Dark Glasses 6 He is sweating and pale with the violence of the heat. 1992 P. Slack in T. Ranger & P. Slack Epidemics & Ideas (1995) i. 6 The violence of the epidemic..can be measured in a number of ways. 4. Vehemence or intensity of emotion, behaviour, or language; extreme fervour; passion. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > violent emotion > [noun] woodnessc1000 furyc1374 ferteec1380 ragea1393 violencea1393 excess1423 zeala1425 vehemence1445 extremity1509 franticnessa1529 vehemency1534 wildnessc1540 impotency1542 violent1576 distraughture1594 distraught1610 distractiona1616 distractedness?1617 entrancement1637 distractfulnessa1640 impotencea1640 transportment1639 transportednessa1656 violent1667 whirl1707 rave1765 Sturm und Drang1857 storm and stress1879 the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > specifically of personal feelings or actions ragea1393 violencea1393 vehemence1445 vehemency1534 vehementness1561 impetuosity1639 rankness1640 impetuousness1656 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 607 (MED) Whi hast thou drede of so good on..in hire is no violence Bot goodlihiede and innocence. c1460 Tree & 12 Frutes (McClean) (1960) 85 (MED) Paciens..brekith hasty likyngis and swagith þe violens þerof. c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 663 But arche wives, egre in ther vyolence, Fers as tygre ffor to make affray. 1543 Chron. J. Hardyng lxxxv. f. lxviiii That cursed violence Of Mordredes pryde, and all his insolence. 1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. vii. f. 123 Which violence of tonge, & rashnes of wordes bulked out..was nothing els but a declaration & token of his traiterous hart. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 223 Marke me, with what violence she first lou'd the Moore. View more context for this quotation 1654 E. Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 84 I was trubled to see the violence it putt him into. 1735 W. Somervile Chace iii. 544 He vents the cooling Stream, and up the Breeze Urges his Course with eager Violence. 1818 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1865) 142 To expect that the violence of party spirit is never more to return. 1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India II. ix. iii. 321 It was concluded by Akber's reproving the mullahs for their violence. 1871 F. W. Farrar Witness of Hist. iii. 102 The battering violence of his impassioned rhetoric. 1912 Collier's 9 Mar. 21/1 He sprang to his feet, livid. ‘That's a lie,’ and he stopped suddenly, startled by his own violence. 2002 New Yorker 13 May 98/1 Biting dissonances..spell out the violence of Orpheus' emotions as he descends into the underworld. 5. a. A restriction on or alteration of natural action, behaviour, or inclination; an undue or enforced constraint. Chiefly with to, on, etc. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > restriction of free action > [noun] > of free play or development violence?1531 violence?1535 society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restriction or limitation > [noun] > of free play or development violence?1531 violence?1535 the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [noun] > entangling or confining > undue constraint violence?1531 ?1531 R. Whitford tr. Folowing of Christe iii. xii. f. lxxvi^v Somtyme it behoueth vs to vse as it were a vyolence [L. violentia] to our selfe and strongly to resyst and breke downe our sensual appetyt. 1581 W. Allen Apol. Two Eng. Colleges iv. f. 45 These are the lawes of the Realme (if we may so call such violences) to which we cannot conforme our selues. 1646 J. Gregory Notes & Observ. 25 Suspension, Lapidation, or the like just violences against Natures course. 1706 R. Estcourt Fair Example iv. i I yielded to the Intreaty of my Friends, Acted a violence on my reluctant Heart, And gave my trembling Hand..to Another. 1777 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (new ed.) I. 184 If he have but resolution enough..to impose a violence on himself. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §119 It would yet be a violence to myself, to refrain from doing the Proprietors justice. ?1824 L. Stanhope in R. Edgcumbe Lord Byron (1909) xvi. 205 It was a violence to his nature..either to conceal what he thought or to harbour revenge. 1874 E. B. Pusey Lenten Serm. 109 He..made it a violence to their engraced nature, not to choose Him. 1999 T. Wood Beginning Postmodernism ii. 25 Does Lyotard class jointly a variety of large narratives, thus imposing a violence on the diversity of narratives in our culture? b. Undue constraint applied to nature, a trait, habit, etc., so as to restrict its development or use, or to alter it unnaturally. Chiefly with to. Now somewhat rare.Recorded earliest and now chiefly in to do violence to at Phrases 1. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > [noun] safety?a1400 detentc1465 custodyc1503 straina1510 safeguard1528 violence?1535 safe custody1536 restrainta1547 detention?1570 retention1572 constraint1590 sickerness1678 deportation1909 the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > restriction of free action > [noun] > of free play or development violence?1531 violence?1535 society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restriction or limitation > [noun] > of free play or development violence?1531 violence?1535 ?1535 tr. M. Luther Treat. Good Workes sig. m.iii^v We must do vyolence to nature, and suffre ye vyolence be done vnto it [Ger. hie musz man der natur weh thun unnd weh thun lassenn], for here begynneth the batayle betwene the spiryte & the flesshe. 1596 T. Morton Treat. Threefolde State of Man ii. v. 303 Neither indeede is it any maruaile, that a naturall man should be vnable to resist and offer violence to his nature, to denie himselfe and all worldly pleasures. a1639 J. Stoughton Righteous Mans Plea (1640) i. 36 He [sc. God] doth it irresistibly, and invincibly working so..upon our owne desires, that there is no violence to the will at all. 1671 Bp. S. Parker Def. Eccl. Politie ii. 104 If he have forced himself upon this trouble with reluctancy and violence to his Humour, [etc.]. 1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. ii. Pref. 200 We must..not make our Reason and Philosophy perpetually offer violence to our Sight and other Senses. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones II. vi. iv. 252 He was obliged to attend near a Quarter of an Hour, though with great Violence to his natural Impetuosity, before he was suffered to speak. View more context for this quotation 1847 J. Yeowell Chron. Anc. Brit. Church ix. 93 The first Christian missionaries in Ireland seem to have carefully avoided all unnecessary violence to the ancient habits of the aborigines. 2007 A. Al-Azmeh Times of Hist. iii. 88 In the psychoanalytic terms used by one analysis.., this violence to nature is guaranteed by it constituting a ‘cultural super-ego’. c. Improper treatment or use of a word or text; misinterpretation; misapplication; alteration of meaning or intention. Also: an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > misinterpretation > distortion or perversion of meaning > [noun] wrestingc1444 pervertinga1450 corruptiona1513 straining1528 writhing?1532 hacking1539 violence1546 racking1556 wrying1562 wringing1565 detorting1579 wrest1581 detortion1598 wrench1603 torture1605 distorting1610 violencing1612 refraction1614 misacception1629 distortion1650 distorture1709 misacceptation1721 torturing1753 verbicide1826 stretch1849 twisting1890 queeringness1955 the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > misinterpretation > distortion or perversion of meaning > [noun] > instance of violence1546 wresting1551 wreathing1556 strain1579 wrest1581 mis-sense1615 by-signification1651 extortion1652 corruption1699 wrench1701 by-sense1782 corruptibility1847 torturing1855 twist1862 1546 J. Bale tr. John Frederick I in tr. J. Jonas True Hystorie Christen Departynge M. Luther f. 32 Hytherto haue they [sc. the Pope and Holy Roman Emperor] agaynst thy holye worde done thys vyolence [Ger. haben..gemutwilliget]. 1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) 143 But Master Camden with lesse violence..deriueth it [sc. dele] from the Bryttish Dole. 1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed ii. 294 Being in some places Adonai cannot be read for Jehovah, without manifest violence offered to the Text. 1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura i. 7 Neither the Paradigmatic..or any of the Plastic, can..be call'd Sculpture, without a Catachresis and some Violence. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones II. iv. vi. 46 A Passion which might, without any great Violence to the Word, be called Love. View more context for this quotation 1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) IV. 371 Then a violence would be offered, as well to the words, as to the meaning of the party. 1875 E. White Life in Christ (1878) iv. xxvii. 446 The violence of the proposed interpretation is..conspicuous. 1948 L. S. Chafer Systematic Theol. III. xx. 371 To this one requirement no other obligation may be added without violence to the Scriptures. 2003 in A. Newcombe & L. Paradell Law & Pract. Investm. Treaties (2009) ix. 462 The ‘commitments’ subject matter of Article 11..may, without imposing excessive violence on the text itself, be commitments of the state itself as a legal person. †6. Violation or breach of something. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > non-observance or breach > [noun] borrow-breacha900 brucheOE breacha1382 violation1433 rupture1439 non-observance1453 misobservance1496 violating1523 swerving1545 infringinga1575 inobservation1579 recess1601 inobservancea1626 infringement1628 misobservancy1637 egression1651 nonconformity1653 unobservance1654 brack1658 infraction1673 violence1743 non-conformance1786 inobservancy1824 1743 H. Fielding Of Remedy Afflict. in Misc. I. 305 Nor is there any Dissuasive from such Contemplation [of the loss of friends]: It is no Breach of Friendship, nor Violence of Paternal Fondness. †7. Maritime Law. The extent of the liability incurred by the owners of a ship for irregularities committed by its master. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > invasion of another's rights, tort, or damage > question of liability in violence1802 1802 A. Browne Compend. View Civil Law & Law Admiralty v. 144 We have now done with the effect of the master's contracts, or violence, as to his owners, and proceed to consider how he and they are affected by his negligence. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 713 Violence, the question in tort, as to the amount of liability incurred by the owners for outrages and irregularities committed by the master. Phrases P1. to do violence to (also †unto): to inflict harm, injury, or damage on; (also) to restrict, constrain, or alter unnaturally; to distort the meaning of.In early use also with double object. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to werdec725 wema1000 evilc1000 harmc1000 hinderc1000 teenOE scathec1175 illc1220 to wait (one) scathec1275 to have (…) wrong1303 annoya1325 grievec1330 wrong1390 to do violence to (also unto)a1393 mischievea1393 damagea1400 annulc1425 trespass1427 mischief1437 poisonc1450 injurea1492 damnify1512 prejudge1531 misfease1571 indemnify1583 bane1601 debauch1633 lese1678 empoison1780 misguggle1814 nobble1860 strafe1915 to dick up1951 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > treat violently [verb (transitive)] outragec1390 to do violence untoa1393 to lay violent hands on (or upon)a1428 to put hand(s) to (also in, on)1526 surprise1548 violate1584 violenta1661 bedevil1768 strong-arm1896 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > damage or injure [verb (transitive)] mareOE shendOE hinderc1000 amarOE awemc1275 noyc1300 touchc1300 bleche1340 blemisha1375 spill1377 misdoa1387 grieve1390 damagea1400 despoil?a1400 matea1400 snapea1400 mankc1400 overthrowa1425 tamec1430 undermine1430 blunder1440 depaira1460 adommage?1473 endamage1477 prejudicec1487 fulyie1488 martyra1500 dyscrase?1504 corrupt1526 mangle1534 danger1538 destroy1542 spoil1563 ruinate1564 ruin1567 wrake1570 injury1579 bane1587 massacre1589 ravish1594 wrong1595 rifle1604 tainta1616 mutilea1618 to do violence toa1625 flaw1665 stun1676 quail1682 maul1694 moil1698 damnify1712 margullie1721 maul1782 buga1790 mux1806 queer1818 batter1840 puckeroo1840 rim-rack1841 pretty1868 garbage1899 savage1899 to do in1905 strafe1915 mash1924 blow1943 nuke1967 mung1969 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 1937 Appolinus..telleth hem the violence Which the tretour Strangulio And Dionise him hadde do. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19325 Þai durst na uiolence to þam do For þe folk þam helded to. ?1535 [see sense 5b]. 1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia iv. i. 28 Iuba and Petreus, fiercely combatting, Haue each done other equall violence. a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Knight of Malta v. ii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Mmmmm3/2 They have done violence unto her Tomb, Not granting rest unto her in the grave. 1692 tr. C. de Saint-Évremond Misc. Ess. 93 I make no question, but that in the violence of the Triumvirate, he did much Violence to himself. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. xii. iii. 206 To say the Truth, we have..often done great Violence to the Luxuriance of our Genius. View more context for this quotation 1800 A. Clarke Let. Methodist Preacher ii. 15 Never do violence to the word of God, by taking a text out of the connection in which his Spirit has placed it. 1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 474 They did violence to the majesty of the law,..and then, through profaning it, did violence to man. 1880 G. Smith Cowper iii. 41 Cowper himself was made to do violence to his intense shyness by leading in prayer. 1917 Northwestern Reporter 163 909/1 The words ‘at that time’ referred to, and only to, the time of the wife's death. Any other construction would do violence to the language employed. 1933 B. Gadelius Human Mentality ii. 83 Neurology and Psychiatry are sciences which are so intertwined..that they can only be separated by doing violence to the natural connection. 1991 N. Broude Impressionism (1997) vii. 158 Terms..which did not do violence to the original intentions of these still-Romantic painters of nature. 2001 J. Monahan et al. Rethinking Risk Assessm. vii. 133 An apparently serious statement of intention to do violence to a named victim. P2. to make violence to (also on, etc.): = to do violence to at Phrases 1. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > do harm [verb (intransitive)] woundc897 to do or work wough?c1225 to do (work, make) scathec1275 annoy1340 nuisec1350 harm1362 scathe1488 to make violence to (also on, etc.)1529 prank1530 damnify1621 endamage1635 society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > fall from chastity (of woman) [verb (intransitive)] > rape to make violence to (also on, etc.)1529 1529 S. Fish tr. H. Bomelius Summe Holye Script. ii. sig. B.vii He that with a parfait faith and trust comyth vnto god he maketh violence [Du. doet..ghewelt] vnto the euerlastynge lyfe. 1597 W. Burton tr. Achilles Tatius Most Delectable & Pleasaunt Hist. Clitiphon & Leucippe 62 The theeues hauing espyed a ship wandring and floting about the coast made violence vpon her. 1657 S. Du Verger Humble Refl. 136 The Emperour, Kinge, Prelate, Prince, Preist and people, with vnanimous hartes, and ioynt endeuours, to make violence against heauen. 1683 F. C. Ph. tr. Crafty Lady 50 I intreat you to make violence to your modesty by liking that I send you my Coach. 1781 tr. P. Metastasio Ezio iii. i. 38 I dissembled till now, and was forced to make violence to my feelings. 1853 Crayon May 151/2 The extreme height of the dome..will make violence in the general outline of the mass. 1931 H. Lanz Physical Basis of Rime v. 167 His set of rules for successful riming recommends ‘to wrest no word from his natural propriety’, nor to make violence to grammatical order for the sake of rime. 1975 F. G. Perey in R. A. Schrack & C. D. Bowman Nucl. Cross Sections & Technol. II. 843/1 If one starts from the best estimates based on microscopic data, one must make violence to the microscopic data. 2006 C. Goggins Of Love & War viii. 40 What's needed is for us to learn how to make violence on ourselves instead of others. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021). violencev. Brit. /ˈvʌɪələns/, /ˈvʌɪəln̩s/, U.S. /ˈvaɪ(ə)ləns/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion; originally modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: violence n. Etymology: < violence n., originally after French violenter violent v. Compare earlier violent v. and violate v. 1. transitive. To subject to violence; (also) to violate. Now rare.Particularly common in 17th cent. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [verb (transitive)] > to person or thing werdec725 wemc900 forworkOE evilc1000 teenOE grievec1230 misdoc1230 mischievec1325 shond1338 endamagec1374 unrighta1393 damagea1400 disvail14.. disavail1429 mischief1437 outrayc1440 prejudice1447 abuse?1473 injuryc1484 danger1488 prejudicate1553 damnify?a1562 wrack1562 inviolate1569 mislestc1573 indemnify1583 qualify1584 interess1587 buse1589 violence1592 injure1597 bane1601 envya1625 prejudiciala1637 founder1655 society > morality > dueness or propriety > moral impropriety > be morally improper for [verb (transitive)] > infringe or encroach on > transgress (any moral condition) violate?a1475 transgress1526 inviolate1569 violence1592 1592 A. Munday tr. L. T. A. Masque of League sig. B1^v It hath ouerthrowne the throne and royall Authoritie, violenced [Fr. violenté] the Magistrates, murdered the Prince. 1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus iii. 1 The one was so farre from violencing the other, as one of them could not stand without the other. 1650 tr. N. Caussin Angel of Peace 6 The most Sacred things are violenced, and the most Profane are licenced. a1677 I. Barrow Wks. (1686) III. 304 In doing otherwise he would thwart and violence his own conscience, and be self-condemned. 1703 Resol. Objections against Doctr. Holy Trinity 26/1 That no Mans Judgment be captivated or violenced that adheres to the Divine Oracles. 1885 R. F. Burton tr. Arabian Nights' Entertainm. (1894) VII. 56 The merchant who bought me threatened me with the bastinado and violenced me and took my virginity. 2009 P. Jacques Environmental Skepticism iv. 115 Wapner then goes on to say that non-human nature has been violenced in just this way. †2. transitive. To compel or constrain; to force (a person) to do something or from adherence to a belief, etc., by violence. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > by violence violent1529 throwc1598 violence1620 musclec1802 bulldoze1876 sandbag1887 1620 N. Brent tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Councel of Trent vii. 662 Shewing there was a desire to violence [It. violentar] the Fathers by wearinesse. 1647 H. Hammond Of Power of Keyes ii. 8 Sure 'twill not be thought reasonable, that these two shall be forced and violenced to consent to that. 1648 E. Symmons Vindic. King Charles (new ed.) 296 They have done what they could to violence him from his Religion. Derivatives ˈviolencing n. rare after 17th cent. the action of subjecting someone or something to violence; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harmful action > [noun] illingc1220 wrake13.. violenta1382 damaginga1400 harminga1400 spitea1400 offendinga1425 deringc1540 disservice1599 damagement1603 violencing1612 damnificationa1631 injuring1651 the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > misinterpretation > distortion or perversion of meaning > [noun] wrestingc1444 pervertinga1450 corruptiona1513 straining1528 writhing?1532 hacking1539 violence1546 racking1556 wrying1562 wringing1565 detorting1579 wrest1581 detortion1598 wrench1603 torture1605 distorting1610 violencing1612 refraction1614 misacception1629 distortion1650 distorture1709 misacceptation1721 torturing1753 verbicide1826 stretch1849 twisting1890 queeringness1955 society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [noun] > action of compelling constrainingc1380 forceagec1470 compelling1496 coarctinga1513 violencing1612 coercing1659 squeeze play1916 arm-twisting1924 1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus i. 6 Christ himself taxeth it as a violencing of the first institution. a1631 J. Donne Ess. Divinity (1651) 82 The Distortions and violencing of Scriptures. 2006 M. Halsey Deleuze & Environmental Damage viii. 236 To be clear, this equates to a monumental violencing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1300v.1592
随便看	to etc sense into to etc sense into a etc to etc sense into a organization to etc sense into a person to etc seven bells out of a person to etc shorter by a head to etc some sense into to etc some sense into a etc to etc some sense into a organization to etc some sense into a person to etc some stick to etc someone a pirn to etc someone out on etc ass to etc someone out on her ass to etc someone out on his ass to etc someone under the table to etc someone's clock to etc someone's daylights out to etc something on lock to etc something out of the closet to etc something out of the park to etc something right to etc something under the rug to etc something up her arse to call pisher

violencen.

Phrases

violencev.

Derivatives