verbaladj.n.

Brit.

/ˈvəːbl/, U.S.

/ˈvərb(ə)l/

Forms: late Middle English uerbal, late Middle English–1600s verbale, late Middle English– verbal, 1500s verballe, 1500s–1700s verball.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin verbalis, French verbal.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French (French) verbal of or derived from a verb (c1325), delivered by word of mouth, oral (c1372), involving or expressed in words (1489), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin verbalis of or derived from a verb (4th cent.), belonging to a word (6th cent.), delivered by word of mouth, oral (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), involving or expressed in words (especially as distinct from deeds or reality) (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin verbum verb n. + -ālis -al suffix¹, after Hellenistic Greek ῤηματικός (see rhematic n.). With use as noun compare post-classical Latin verbale (neuter) verbal derivative (4th cent.), collection of words or verbs, dictionary (15th cent. in a British source; compare sense B. 2).Compare Old Occitan verbal (c1300), Catalan verbal (1390), Spanish verbal (1414), Portuguese verbal (17th cent.), Italian verbale (a1556), all in a similar range of senses to the French adjective. Specific sense. In sense B. 3a probably short for verbal statement (compare sense A. 4a).

A. adj.

I. Senses relating to words, speech, etc.

a. Affecting or involving words; (sometimes) spec. affecting or involving only words, rather than or in contrast to real things, actual facts, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adjective] > consisting of or expressed in words > in mere words

verbal?a1425

wordly1633

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 21 (MED) Þe discrepacioun or discordance is only verbale [L. verbalis], i. in worde, & noȝt reale, i. in dede.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Ii4 Socrates..separated Philosophy, and Rhetoricke, whereupon Rhetorick became an emptie & verball Art.

1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. to Rdr. sig. B2^v Wee might iustly feare hard censure, if generally wee should make verball and vnnecessary changings.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. xi. 253 Whether the greatest part of the Disputes in the World, are not meerly Verbal, and about the Signification of Words.

1785 T. Reid Powers Human Mind iv. 369 If all the general words of a language had a precise meaning,..all verbal disputes would be at an end.

1807 J. Jebb Let. 20 Aug. in J. Jebb & A. Knox Thirty Years' Corr. (1834) I. 372 If our liturgy..had been cast..in a vulgar mould; subsequent alterations, not only verbal, but radical, would have been indispensable.

1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 121 The opposition between these two modes of speaking is rather verbal than real.

1936 Philos. Rev. 45 156 One might dissent from Professor Boring's use of terms, but such a disagreement would be only verbal.

2010 T. Tännsjö Reasons to Norms iv. 41 I now defend normative realism—I earlier focused rather on intrinsic value. The difference is perhaps more verbal than real.

b. Consisting or composed of words; of, relating to, or manifested in words; (sometimes) spec. consisting of, or finding expression in, words only, with no basis in reality or without being manifested in action.verbal inspiration: see verbal inspiration at inspiration n. 3a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adjective] > consisting of or expressed in words

verbal1447

wordisha1586

wordy1592

the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adjective] > consisting of or expressed in words > without manifestation in action

verbal1583

1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 3921 (MED) I wyl no lengere..vsyn þis doyng, Ne hap þat in swych uerbal batayle I be ouyr-commyn.

1583 J. Prime Fruitefull & Briefe Disc. ii. 131 Thou wilt say, thou hast faith. that is a verball faith, & nothing els.

1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Fij All the neighbour caues as seeming troubled, Make verball repetition of her mones.

1639 P. Massinger Unnaturall Combat iv. i. sig. H3 Nor shall you finde A verball friendship in me, but an active.

1677 tr. A.-N. Amelot de La Houssaie Hist. Govt. Venice 163 The Council of Ten having stretched their Law against Treason, to Verbal Expressions.

1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 423 My Prophets, and my Sophists finish'd here Their Civil Efforts of the Verbal War.

1741 Bp. J. Butler Serm. before House of Lords 7 These merely verbal Professions..were thought the proper Language for the public Ear.

1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. xli. 173 Some solid and extraordinary benefit, something..beyond a mere verbal recognition of its independence.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §7. 424 The young playwright quizzes the verbal wit and high-flown extravagance of thought and phrase which Euphues had made fashionable.

1929 E. Pound in N.Y. Herald-Tribune 20 Jan. xi. 5/4 It holds the æsthetic content which is peculiarly the domain of verbal manifestation and can not possibly be contained in plastic or in music.

1949 Mind 58 214 Conceptual analysis..is not concerned with usages, but with the concepts and propositions expressed by verbal expressions.

2017 News Internat. (Nexis) 12 June The UN Security Council also passed a resolution this year declaring Israeli settlements in Gaza illegal. The trouble is that the world's response remains merely verbal.

2. Of a person.

a. Primarily interested in, focusing on, or only attending to words, rather than or in contrast to real things, actual facts, etc. See also verbal critic n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > [adjective] > type of literary critic

verbal1483

deconstructionist1982

1483 W. Caxton tr. A. Chartier Curial sig. iv We be verbal [Fr. verbaulx; L. verbales], or ful of wordes, and desyre more the wordes than the thynges.

1770 J. Beattie Ess. Truth Introd. 2 A verbal disputant! what claim can he have to the title of Philosopher?

1824 Unitarian Misc. Oct. 205 Religion has been brought from the cell of the monk, and the school of the verbal disputant, into life and society.

1871 Academy 1 May 243/2 It seems to ‘connote’ the idea of a pedant, of a charlatan, an itinerant lecturer, a littérateur, a verbal quibbler.

1994 L. Hopkins J. Ford's Polit. Theatre iv. 99 Protestants were in fact mere verbal quibblers, splitting hairs over the question of language.

b. Saying or writing things that are not accompanied by action or otherwise have no basis in reality; esp. merely professing to follow a particular way of life, course of action, etc., or advocating it for others but not following it oneself; using mere words.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > [adjective] > speaking > using mere words

verbal1613

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage i. vii. 33 Henoch himselfe is made, not a verball, but a reall Preacher.

1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iv. 140 If Mars and Minerua goe hand in hand, they will effect more good in an houre, then those verball Mercurians in their liues.

1650 J. Milton Tenure of Kings (ed. 2) 57 While they..are onely verbal against the..punishing of Tyrants, all the Scripture..they bring, is..direct..to inferr it altogether as lawful.

1715 in tr. Thomas à Kempis Christian's Exercise App. 329 But a Verbal Christian, who ought not to have the Boldness to say, that he belongs to Christ.

1783 N. Manners Attempt to illustrate Following Subj. 250 What they profess in words, they deny in works; and, therefore, though verbal believers, they are practical atheists.

1876 J. M. Ashley Promptuary for Preachers II. 138 Two trees are mentioned in the Gospel for to-day, good and bad: signifying the real and the mere verbal Christian.

1984 Philosophy 59 94 The smug, indifferent certainty of the merely verbal believer.

3. Using many words; given to expressing oneself in words, esp. fluently or at length; characterized by fluent or lengthy self-expression. Now: spec. given to or confident in expressing oneself in speech; talkative; characterized by volubility.Apparently falling out of use after the mid 17th cent. and then recoined in the mid 20th cent. with specific reference to speech.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > loquacity or talkativeness > [adjective]

wordyeOE

talewisec1200

i-worded?c1225

babblinga1250

cacklinga1250

chatteringa1250

speakfula1250

word-wooda1250

of many wordsc1350

janglingc1374

tatteringc1380

tongueya1382

ganglinga1398

readya1400

jargaunt1412

talkative1432

open-moutheda1470

clattering1477

trattling?a1513

windy1513

popping1528

smatteringa1529

rattle?1529

communicablea1533

blab1552

gaggling1553

long-tongued?1553

prittle-prattle1556

pattering1558

talking1560

bobling1566

gabbling1566

verbal1572

piet1573

twattling1573

flibber gibber1575

babblative1576

tickle-tongued1577

tattling1581

buzzing1587

long-winded1589

multiloquous1591

discoursive1599

rattling1600

glib1602

flippant1605

talkful1605

nimble-tongued1608

tongue-ripe1610

fliperous1611

garrulous?1611

futile1612

overspeaking1612

feather-tongueda1618

tongue-free1617

long-breatheda1628

well-breathed1635

multiloquious1640

untongue-tied1640

unretentive1650

communicative1651

linguacious1651

glibbed1654

largiloquent1656

multiloquent1656

parlagea1657

loose-clacked1661

nimble-chop1662

twit-twat1665

over-talkativea1667

loquacious1667

loudmouth1668

conversable1673

gash1681

narrative1681

chappy1693

apposite1701

conversative1703

gabbit1710

lubricous1715

gabby?1719

ventose1721

taleful1726

chatty?1741

blethering1759

renable1781

fetch-fire1784

conversational1799

conversant1803

gashing1808

long-lunged1815

talky1815

multi-loquacious1819

prolegomenous1822

talky-talky1831

nimble-mouthed1836

slipper1842

speechful1842

gassy1843

in great force1849

yattering1859

babbly1860

irreticent1864

chattable1867

lubrical1867

chattery1869

loose-mouthed1872

chinny1883

tongue-wagging1885

yappy1909

big-mouthed1914

loose-lipped1919

ear-bashing1945

ear-bending1946

yackety-yacking1953

nattering1959

yacking1959

woofy1960

1572 J. Whitgift Answere to Admon. 167 If any hathe sayde, that some of those which vse to preache often, by their loose, negligent, verball and vnlearned sermons haue brought the worde of God into contempt, or that foure godly, learned, pithie, diligent, and discrete preachers mighte doe more good.., than fortie contentious, vnlearned, verball, and rashe preachers, they haue sayde truely.

1598 T. Tyro Roring Megge sig. C2 A very verbal youth, yet, like a man, He magnified his father Campian.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) ii. iii. 103 I am much sorry (Sir) You put me to forget a Ladies manners By being so verball .

a1627 T. Middleton Chast Mayd in Cheape-side (1630) i. 3 He's growne too verball, this Learning is a great Witch.

1939 Monogr. Soc. Res. Child Devel. 4 No. 4. 99 Very verbal again at lunch.

1963 F. Reissman in Programs for Educationally Disadvantaged 6 Within a half hour they were bubbling over with very verbal and very sensitive answers to the question I had asked earlier.

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 12 June 15/2 It's made a difference... She's more confident and verbal.

2016 Macarthur Chron. (Austral.) (Nexis) 10 May 10 They're quite verbal and articulate about the pieces and their opinion.

a. Expressed or conveyed by speech rather than writing; uttered aloud; spoken, oral.It has sometimes been argued (e.g. in H. W. Fowler Dict. Mod. Eng. Usage (1926) 689/1) that the use of verbal in this sense is incorrect and that oral should be preferred. However, verbal is well established in this sense and is the usual term in certain expressions, such as verbal communication, verbal contract, and verbal evidence.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > [adjective] > spoken or uttered

expressed1548

verbal1580

outspoken1652

prolative1691

enunciative1831

spoken1851

phatic1923

1580 T. Salter tr. F. Beroaldo Contention betweene Three Bretheren f. 7^v Behold in the Merchaunt of Plautus, how the father with sharpe threatnings and verball [Fr. verbale] rebukes..endeauoureth himselfe to reuoke and vnwrap his sonne Charin out of the snares & hookes of harlots.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 193 The Chamber of the Pallace where verball appeales are decided, is called, the Golden Chamber.

1667 S. Pepys Diary 14 June (1974) VIII. 271 He did it by verball order from Sir W. Coventry.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) A Verbal Contract, is that made merely by Word of Mouth; in opposition to that made in Writing.

1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 61/2 Did you send a verbal or a written message?

1807 J. Landseer Lect. Engraving Pref. 8 The verbal communications of Sir Henry Englefield, and Mr. Douce; the printed researches of Raspe, Hayley,..and various other authors.

1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xiv. 217 Sending a polite verbal refusal to the commissioner, upon the plea of there being no paper or pens on board.

1930 Child Devel. 1 40/2 Only those cases were used in which there occurred a stimulus to compliance, in the form of a verbal request or suggestion.

1987 Times (Nexis) 25 Aug. The convicted murderess gave full written and verbal statements.

2011 Independent on Sunday 13 Nov. 22/2 Missing school is no longer an escape for some victims who report that verbal abuse follows them into their homes through cyber-bullying.

†b. Of a person: using spoken rather than written communication. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > [adjective] > speaking

speakinga1325

discoursing1565

loquent1593

parling1594

uttering1818

verbal1822

1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel I. i. 7 The verbal proclaimers of the excellence of their commodities, had this advantage over those who..use the public papers for the same purpose.

a. Of a transcription, translation, quotation, etc., of writing or speech: corresponding with or following the original word for word; = verbatim adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > truthfulness, veracity > [adjective] > following original exactly

line by line1487

perfect1523

verbal1598

sound1599

verya1616

literala1627

verbatim1651

undepraved1686

literatim1774

letter-perfect1867

line for line1876

1598 R. Haydocke in tr. G. P. Lomazzo Tracte Artes Paintinge To Rdr. sig. ¶iiij^v So that hee shall find neither a Paraphrasticall, Epitomized, or meere Verball translation,..but such a mixed respectiuenesse, as may shewe I indevoured nothing more, then the true vse, benefit, and delight of the reader.

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xx. 238 I take the very same help of translations, either verball or Grammaticall, to be the most speedy furtherances.

1656 A. Cowley Pindarique Odes Pref. sig. Aaa2 in Poems When a person who understands not the Original [of Pindar], reads the verbal Traduction of him into Latin Prose.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 464. ¶1 Of this kind is a beautiful saying in Theognis..to give it in the Verbal Translation, Among Men [etc.].

1786 T. Jefferson Let. 23 Oct. in Papers (1954) X. 484 You will perceive that it is almost a verbal copy.

1816 R. Morrison Dialogues & Detached Sentences in Chinese Lang. Pref. p. vi Acquaintance with the Language will enable the mind to feel much more of the sense of Characters, than can be conveyed by the words of another Language, in a close verbal translation.

1909 R. Law Tests of Life ii. 29 We have what may be supposed to be almost verbal quotations of current forms of Gnostic profession.

2014 Jrnl. Biblical Lit. 133 65 An accurate and verbal translation of the Hebrew Vorlage.

b. With reference to the accuracy or faithfulness of a transcription, translation, quotation, etc.: that takes account of each individual word.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adjective] > in respect of each single word

verbal1668

1668 J. Owen Exercitations Epist. to Hebrews v. xiii. 51 The words..agree exactly with that Greek Version of the Old Testament which is now extant; though, apparently since the writing of this Epistle it hath grown in its Verball conformity unto the Allegations as reported in the New.

?1715 M. Davies Present & Primitive State Arianism 72 A verbal Exactness of the recital of every particular Word to a Verbatim Scruple.

1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ i. 4 In close and verbal conformity with the account..preserved by St. Luke.

1845 Law Mag. New Ser. 2 274 His father was..entrusted with the charge of recording, with verbal exactness, the evidence and the speeches made before the houses of parliament.

1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity I. 443 (note) The sacred writers never aim at verbal accuracy in their quotations.

1939 PMLA 54 112 We should not expect a dramatist to quote expository matter with verbal exactness.

2000 H. S. Pyper in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 586/1 Quakers were enjoined to take literally the command of Jesus not to swear oaths, and held out a standard of strict verbal and grammatical accuracy and truthfulness.

6. Of the nature of a word; designating a word.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adjective]

verbal1605

lexonic1966

1605 Hist. Tryall Cheualry sig. F Burbon? who names him? that same verball sound Is like a thunderclap to Philips eares.

1700 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding (new ed.) ii. xi. 76 These verbal Signs they [sc. children] sometimes borrow from others, and sometimes make themselves.

1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra ii. vi. §82 Observing by degrees, that all Words consist of a certain Number of Simple Sounds; they..brought them [sc. marks], from many Thousands of Verbal Marks, to Two, or Four and twenty Literal ones.

1842 Brit. Mag. & Monthly Reg. July 34 A system of word-signs or verbal phonetics does not differ from a system of letter-signs or elementary phonetics.

a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1860) III. xiii. 244 Propositions have either..their quantity..marked out by a verbal sign, or they have not.

1952 Mind 61 85 Neither is the word short, simply because its meaning is predicable of its own verbal sign, homologically predicable of itself.

2010 High School Jrnl. 93 172 This sound pattern is not the actual literal sound but a psychological impression of the verbal sound of the word ‘tree’.

II. Senses relating to verbs.

7. Grammar. Of, relating to, or derived from a verb; of the nature of a verb, that is or functions as a verb.Recorded earliest in noun verbal, variant of verbal noun n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [adjective]

verbala1504

a1504 J. Holt Lac Puerorum (1508) iii. sig. G.iiii Eyther by y^e nowne verbale..or by the present subiunctyf.

1611 A. Willet Hexapla: Rom. iv. 197 The word eenunah, faith, beeing vnderstood after the manner of the Hebrewes in the verbal word heemin.

a1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. i. xvi, in Wks. (1640) III A Person is the speciall difference of a verball number, whereof the present, and the Tyme past, have in every number three.

1787 C. Davy Lett. to Young Gentleman I. i. 11 The superiority of the Greek tongue, above the Roman, was not owing to the number of its conjugations,..but chiefly to the various powers of the verbal tenses, [etc.].

1843 Proc. Philol. Soc. (1844) 1 31 The Grammar proceeds to describe other verbal derivatives.

1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. iii. 38 The plural verbal inflection.

1949 Archivum Linguisticum 1 167 The verbal base is either radical or thematic.

2009 B. Palmer Kokota Gram. vi. 175 Verbal predicates may consist of a single verb or a number of verbs in a serial construction.

B. n.

1. Grammar.

a. A noun, or other word with a different part of speech, which is derived from a verb.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [noun] > word derived from verb

verbal1530

deverbative1913

deverbal1934

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 154 Broderésse, a woman brodurar,..tenceresse, a woman chyder; and so of all other verballes.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Giv^v/2 Some verbals in bilis.

c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) i. vii*. §5 [Words] that we derive from latin verbales in tio, sould also be wrytten with t.

1665 R. Johnson Scholars Guide 6 The Latine tongue loves Verbals, Participials, Gerundives, and Participles of the future in rus.

1724 S. Lowe Gram. Lat. Tongue 12 Verbals are wanting, for the most part, in Impersonals.

?a1800 Lett. on Eng. & Fr. Nation I. 293 The rules of etymology and formation of Greek verbals evince that it must be so.

1882 F. W. Newman Libyan Vocab. 38 Kabail Verbs and Verbals, including Adjectives.

1931 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 52 185 The termination -mus served to form verbals like almus, fimus, and fumus.

2001 T. Tyrwhitt in A. T. Gaylord Ess. Art of Chaucer's Verse i. 51 In another very numerous set of words (French Verbals ending in ment) the pronunciation of this middle e is countenanced.

b. A word or phrase functioning as a verb.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [noun] > word functioning as verb

verbal1863

operator1929

1863 Anthropol. Rev. 1 453 Lastly, ym makes the verbs and verbals to which it is prefixed reflective.

1935 H. Straumann Newspaper Headlines 56 Particles, then, are all those words which cannot be looked upon as nominals, verbals, and neutrals.

1965 Amer. Speech 40 206 Adverbials which serve purely as modifiers of sentences and verbals.

2011 G. C. J. Lomas in A. Rumsey & D. Niles Sung Tales from Papua New Guinea Highlands v. 95 Some nominals are derived from verbals and display complex structures.

†2. A collection or list of words with brief explanations, definitions, or translations of their meanings; a glossary or dictionary. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > lexicography > [noun] > vocabulary or collection of words

vocabulist?1523

vocabular1530

vocabuler1530

vocabulary1532

nomenclator1585

wordbook1598

verbal1599

lexicon1647

nomenclature1659

vocabula1698

abecedarium1796

vocab1836

vocabulary book1854

1599 First Bk. Preseruation Henry VII sig. C^v (heading) A Briefe rule or prosodie, for the vnderstanding of the quantitie of some peculiar wordes in this booke; vntill I haue set forth a Verball, or littel Dictionarie, with a Prosodia requisite for Poetry.

1623 T. Spicer in H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. sig. A7^v (heading) To the Reader on this Verball of his esteemed friend, Master Henry Cockeram of Exeter.

3. colloquial.

a. A confession or other statement made orally by a person accused or suspected of criminal activity; a verbal statement; (later chiefly) one alleged by the police to have been made by a suspect, and which is offered as evidence in court by the prosecution. Frequently in plural. Cf. verbal v. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > evidence > [noun] > testimony or statement of witness > alleged damaging admission

verbal1963

1963 Times 22 Feb. 6/5 Who will believe you after I said I wasn't going to make a verbal?

1974 ‘M. Underwood’ Pinch of Snuff xxi. 171 ‘Have a look through the police evidence.’.. ‘At least, they haven't put in any verbals.’

1980 Daily Mirror 24 June 19 Opponents of ‘verbals’ (alleged admissions of arrested persons to police which are not signed but are admitted in evidence) could see the meeting as a chance to further their campaign.

2013 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 11 Feb. 4 Justice Barr also rejected the argument that the ‘verbals’ in which five of the men allegedly confessed to the bomb plot would have been inadmissible under legal changes.

b. In plural. Words which are spoken or sung; esp. (a) the lyrics of a song; (b) the dialogue of a film or television programme.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > [noun] > lyrics

wordseOE

ditty1552

recitative1659

testo1724

lyric1876

pop lyric1960

verbal1964

bars1994

1964 Times (San Mateo, Calif.) 9 Dec. 43/1 The integration of verbals and vocals loses much of the show's intended buoyancy.

1977 Sounds 9 July 22/1 Being a compulsive engorger of the old verbals concerned with the wonderful world of pop I couldn't help but pick up on the fact that although he didn't actually make records himself, Danny Fields was the sort who got about a bit.

1985 B. Zephaniah Dread Affair 49 I hear your rhythms and observe your verbals so the sentence for the shots has been deferred.

1986 City Limits 16 Oct. 90 It is stronger on visual imagination than on the verbals.

2005 Spectator (Hamilton, Ont.) (Nexis) 13 Dec. a17 I enjoyed the soulful tune and Lennon's mournful verbals.

c. In singular and (usually) plural. Spoken or shouted insults; verbal abuse or aggression; invective uttered aloud. Frequently in to give (a person) the verbal (or verbals) and variants. Similarly to give it (the) verbal (or verbals) and variants: to speak or shout abusively or aggressively.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > invective or abuse > [noun]

balec1220

ordurec1390

revile1439

brawlingc1440

railing1466

opprobry?a1475

revilingc1475

vituperation1481

vituper1484

vitupery1489

convicy1526

abusion?1530

blasphemation1533

pelta1540

oblatration?1552

words of mischief1555

abuse1559

inveighing1568

invection1590

revilement1590

invective1602

opprobration1623

invecture1633

thunder and lightning1638

raillery1669

rattlinga1677

blackguarding1742

pillory1770

slang1805

slangwhanging1809

bullyragging1820

slanging1856

bespattering1862

bespatterment1870

bad-mouthing1939

bad mouth1947

slagging1956

flak1968

verbal1970

handbagging1987

pelters1992

1970 Daily Mail 30 Oct. 10/6 I pushed him back and thought it was now time for a touch of the verbals.

1973 Time Out 2 Mar. 13/2 We faced them, and gave them a load of verbal across the street.

1977 Times Educ. Suppl. 21 Oct. 43/2 Insulting and humiliating rivals—‘giving them the verbal’.

1982 Observer 10 Oct. 40/7 Each ‘ball’ consisted of a distinctly lethargic head-high bouncer.., followed by a rousing collection of verbals (money will be paid to lip-reading viewers for translation).

1994 I. Botham My Autobiogr. iv. 71 I overheard Chappell giving it the typical Aussie verbals and rubbishing England.

2013 Ireland's Own 12 Apr. 40 But the tension was palpable whenever I was the target of Evelyn's verbals.

Compounds

C1. In combination with another adjective, with the sense ‘both verbal and ——’, as verbal-acoustic, verbal-metrical, verbal-visual, etc.

ΚΠ

1869 Med. Times & Gaz. 23 Oct. 481/1 Verbal motor processes are essential in understanding what is said to us and in thinking.

1911 S. S. Colvin Learning Process vii. 107 If I recall the name as spoken by some one, I have a verbal-acoustic image.

1948 L. Spitzer Linguistics & Lit. Hist. 201 The verbal-metrical scheme of the strophe.

1972 R. E. Ornstein Psychol. of Consciousness ii. 39 The scientist, the writer, the mathematician are examples of the culturally ‘dominant’ verbal-rational mode.

2004 United Press Internat. Newswire (Nexis) 21 Aug. He..has produced enigmatic paintings and drawings, often including verbal-visual witticisms reflecting his background in commercial art.

C2.

verbal adjective n. (formerly also †adjective verbal) [after post-classical Latin verbale adiectivum (also adiectivum verbale) (1537 or earlier)] Grammar an adjective formed from a verb, usually, through not necessarily, constituting an inflection, and typically closely related to the source verb in meaning; spec. a participle or participial adjective.

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1649 J. Shirley Via ad Latinam Linguam Complanata 103 Verbal Adjectives in bilis, when they signifie passively, Govern a Dative.

1655 W. Walker Treat. Eng. Particles 144 An Adjective Verball of a Passive signification.

1775 A. B. W. Bell New Compend. Gram. Greek Tongue 62 A Participle is a Verbal Adjective.

1859 W. Wright tr. C. P. Caspari Gram. Arab. Lang. I. 124 The verbal adjectives, derived from the first form of the triliteral verb, have two principal forms.

1949 Classical Weekly 28 Nov. 19/2 Both gerund and gerundive are in form passive verbal adjectives.

2013 G. J. C. Jordaan Anc. Greek Inside Out iv. 36 The participle is a type of verbal adjective, in part a verb, in part an adjective.

verbal conditioning n. Psychology the reinforcement (reinforcement n. 1c) of certain verbal responses, typically with the object of establishing the use of particular words or ways of speaking.

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the mind > mental capacity > psychology > experimental psychology > conditioning > [noun] > verbal

verbal conditioning1926

1926 J. B. Watson in Harper's Monthly Mag. June 245/2 We cannot verbalize our early habits—verbal conditioning has not proceeded far enough.

1954 Jrnl. Exper. Psychol. 48 355 (title) Influence of awareness of reinforcement on verbal conditioning.

1979 Social Psychol. Q. 42 55/2 Verbal conditioning was selected as the vehicle by which to produce alterations in authoritarian attitudes.

2011 PLoS One (online journal, accessed 21 Aug. 2017) 6 2/2 A more complete understanding of the role of euphemisms in language requires a consideration of the role of verbal conditioning.

verbal critic n. a critic who focuses on or only analyses the words used to express or convey something; spec. a textual critic; cf. verbal criticism n.Sometimes with depreciative connotations of pedantry.

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1656 R. Short Περι Ψυχροποσιας Pref. sig. (a)3 Plato understood Homer (not as poor verbal Criticks do in these dayes).

1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 17 Neglect the Rules each Verbal Critick lays, For not to know some Trifles, is a Praise.

1855 F. A. Paley Æschylus (1861) Pref. p. xxviii Hermann, the leader of the verbal-critics.

1906 PMLA 21 App. xxviii. Peabody and White, textual and verbal critics.

2011 P. Holbrook in M. T. Burnett et al. Edinb. Compan. Shakespeare & Arts ii. 41 Shakespeare makes the pompous, but also sinister, court counsellor Polonius a captious verbal critic.

verbal criticism n. critical analysis focused on or limited to the words used to express or convey something; spec. textual criticism; (also and in earliest use) an instance of this; cf. verbal critic n.Sometimes with depreciative connotations of pedantry.

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1656 A. Tuckney Good Day Improved 269 How much better are the high and proud contests of those who account themselves the greatest Scholars about their verball Criticismes?

1660 H. More Explan. Grand Myst. Godliness iii. ii. 60 The noble and free Spirit of Philosophy will not be carried captive with these cobweb-fetters of Superstition and verbal Criticism.

1759 Monthly Rev. Mar. 279 It is an easy matter, by the mean arts of verbal criticism, to make the best lines appear ridiculous.

1860 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 215 If Mr. Cardwell had thought as highly, as he ought, of the utility of verbal criticism, he would have proved himself a better scholar by trusting more to that science than to the readings of a favourite but frequently faulty MS.

1928 W. R. Roberts Greek Rhetoric & Lit. Crit. v. 100 Their writings..survive only in annotations concerned chiefly with textual or verbal criticism.

2010 Rhetoric Soc. Q. 40 28 Verbal criticism adapted because of pressure from philological scholarship.

verbal diarrhoea n. colloquial (frequently humorous) the habit or trait of talking or (now less commonly) writing excessively or verbosely; extreme verbosity; (later more usually) excessive talk, profuse verbiage; cf. diarrhoea n. 2.Frequently in figurative expressions likening this habit or trait to an illness or affliction.Sometimes also with the implication that the things said or written are worthless or absurd. [Compare earlier logodiarrhoea n.]

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the mind > language > speech > loquacity or talkativeness > [noun]

overspeecheOE

tongue-itch1540

multiloquy1542

long tongue1557

garrulity1581

slipperiness1589

polylogy1602

volubility1602

loquacity1603

lubricity1603

tonguiness1607

overspeakinga1610

talkativeness1609

philology1623

tongue-vice1628

glibness1633

futility1640

linguacity1656

garrulousness1727

linguosity1727

loquaciousness1727

multiloquiousness1727

jaw1748

multiloquence1760

flippancy1789

verbal diarrhoea1808

magpiety1832

big mouth1834

pleniloquence1838

chattiness1876

open-mouthedness1883

gabbiness1887

garrulance1890

irreticence1919

talkiness1934

ear-bashing1945

mee-mawing1974

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [noun] > abundance of vocabulary > flow of words > excessive

logodiarrhoea1624

diarrhoea1698

verbal diarrhoea1808

over-fluency1896

1808 London Med. Rev. May 195 We have never met with more serious and inveterate cases of verbal diarrhea, than those of Mr. Hunter and Dr. Adams.

1887 Edinb. Med. Jrnl. (1888) 33 i. 257 Dr Bell's mode of teaching is..calculated to dwell in the memory by its freedom from verbal diarrhœa.

1938 N. Marsh Death in White Tie xiii. 146 Her chief complaint is..acute verbal diarrhoea.

1979 Globe & Mail (Canada) (Nexis) 17 Jan. Rather than delegate $1.5-million to Dr. Robert Jackson's latest folly, 107 recommendations that must be viewed as verbal diarrhea, let us put the money to proper use.

2017 Cape Times (Nexis) 8 May (E1 ed.) 8 The CNN presenter..kept, not only interrupting the elegant and composed senator, but absolutely talked her down in a continuous stream of verbal diarrhoea.

verbal note n. [probably after French note verbale note verbale n., although this is apparently first attested slightly later: 1789 or earlier] an unsigned diplomatic note written in the third person, of the nature of a memorandum but sometimes considered to be more formal; = note verbale n.

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society > communication > correspondence > letter > [noun] > diplomatic letter

verbal note1787

note verbale1793

note1796

collective note1863

1787 London Chron. 15 Mar. 254/2 The Marquis de Verac, Ambassador from his Christian Majesty, has presented a verbal note.

1813 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 27 Nov. 693 The Ambassador expresses himself in his verbal note, ‘Austria, who has made the first proposals for peace,..should like to..insist upon the immediate opening of a negociation’.

1919 E. Paul & C. Paul tr. H. von Treitschke Hist. Germany in 19th Cent. V. v. 371 The envoy Cartwright..handed the presidential envoy on May 24th a verbal note whose shamelessness was unprecedented even in the annals of English diplomacy.

2004 Internat. Legal Materials 43 775 In a verbal note of 22 May 2003, the United States Embassy assured that the complainant would not be prosecuted by a military tribunal.

verbal noun n. (formerly also †noun verbal) [after post-classical Latin nomen verbale (5th or 6th cent. in grammarians)] Grammar a noun formed from an inflection of a verb and partly sharing its constructions.

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the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > noun > [noun] > nouns derived from verbs

supinec1450

gerundive1483

verbal nouna1504

overthrown?1533

gerund1542

verbal substantive1570

a1504 J. Holt Lac Puerorum (1508) iii. sig. G.iiii Eyther by y^e nowne verbale..or by the present subiunctyf.

1576 G. Ledoyen de la Pichonnaye Playne Treat. Frenche Tongue ii. sig. C.vi^v All names of beastes male, briefly all verball nounes, or other that belong onely to men, are of the masculine gender.

1659 O. Walker Some Instr. Art Oratory 32 Verbal nouns..some of them being augmentative, some diminutive.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. at Abandoning A verbal noun from abandon.

1864 Pennsylvania School Jrnl. Oct. 96/1 In the Latin there are no less than three modifications of the verb, used as the verbal noun, to wit, the infinitive, the gerund, and the supine.

1940 C. C. Fries Amer. Eng. Gram. 130 The prepositional infinitive was made up of the preposition or function word to and the dative case of a verbal noun.

2011 Jrnl. Qur'anic Stud. 13 61 As a verbal noun the term amāna has both an abstract and a concrete meaning.

verbal overshadowing n. Psychology the effect whereby the process of putting one's memory of a non-verbal stimulus, experience, etc., into words impairs one's ability accurately to recall the memory in question.Chiefly in discussions of the impact of this effect on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony in legal cases.

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1990 J. W. Schooler & T. Y. Engstler-Schooler in Cognitive Psychol. 22 66 The present analysis suggests a likely criterion for whether memory for a stimulus is susceptible to verbal overshadowing: it must be associated with a memory that defies complete linguistic description.

2000 Aberdeen Press & Jrnl. (Nexis) 25 Apr. 13 If verbal overshadowing is found to have a real effect on the visual memory, then we would advise that the police procedure should be changed, that people should be shown photographs first, rather than asked for a full description.

2012 Harvard Law Rev. 125 735 Verbal overshadowing doesn't decrease subjects' confidence, only their accuracy.

verbal process n. [after French procès-verbal procès-verbal n.; compare post-classical Latin processus verbalis (a1540)] a detailed written report or account; cf. procès-verbal n.

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society > communication > record > written record > [noun] > minutes

minute1443

copy of a conference1588

verbal process1590

particularc1600

consulto1659

procès-verbal1807

consulta1877

Mike1986

society > communication > information > reporting > [noun] > a report > detailed

verbal process1590

1590 tr. True Disc. Wonderfull Victorie sig. F1^v The saide Court hath ordained and enioyned to all the saide Bailiefes and deputies, to send..the verball processe of all seisies and sales.

1688 London Gaz. No. 2330/2 But the Nuncio and Clergy..have drawn up a Verbal Process of all that passed, which they have transmitted to Rome.

1759 A. Butler Lives Saints IV. 1005 He left an authentick verbal process of this vision, but as of a third person.

1809 Times 20 June 4/1 The dead body of Major Schill..was carried [to the Town Hall of Stralsund] by several of his men..and a verbal process was drawn up of their depositions.

1926 E. A. Parker tr. J. Declareuil Rome the Law-giver ii. iii. 341 A declaration made before the clergy in church at the great festivals, for which a verbal process was drawn up.

2003 Africa News (Nexis) 8 Oct. The conversations will end on Thursday with the signing of a protocol in the area of petrol and a verbal process.

verbal substantive n. (formerly also †substantive verbal) Grammar a noun formed from an inflection of a verb and partly sharing its constructions; = verbal noun n.

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1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. F.ij/1 There bee also many Substantiues verbals besides these ending in ent.

1685 E. Phillips Treat. forming Derivatives Lat. Tongue 13 From Verbal Substantives in Or. [= Orius].

1700 A. Lane Key to Art of Lett. 83 The Gen. [= Genitive] of the Object is governed of a verbal Substantive.

1806 Lit. Mag. & Amer. Reg. Feb. 129/2 From ‘to waver’ is formed the verbal substantive ‘a wavering’.

1911 Mod. Lang. Rev. 6 367 Dante uses in the Inferno the verbal substantive ‘lo cominciare’ for ‘beginning’.

2009 Dead Sea Discov. 16 109 Note that the verbal substantive qittûl is relative rare.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	verbal
释义	verbaladj.n. Brit. /ˈvəːbl/, U.S. /ˈvərb(ə)l/ Forms: late Middle English uerbal, late Middle English–1600s verbale, late Middle English– verbal, 1500s verballe, 1500s–1700s verball. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin verbalis, French verbal. Etymology: < (i) Middle French (French) verbal of or derived from a verb (c1325), delivered by word of mouth, oral (c1372), involving or expressed in words (1489), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin verbalis of or derived from a verb (4th cent.), belonging to a word (6th cent.), delivered by word of mouth, oral (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), involving or expressed in words (especially as distinct from deeds or reality) (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin verbum verb n. + -ālis -al suffix¹, after Hellenistic Greek ῤηματικός (see rhematic n.). With use as noun compare post-classical Latin verbale (neuter) verbal derivative (4th cent.), collection of words or verbs, dictionary (15th cent. in a British source; compare sense B. 2).Compare Old Occitan verbal (c1300), Catalan verbal (1390), Spanish verbal (1414), Portuguese verbal (17th cent.), Italian verbale (a1556), all in a similar range of senses to the French adjective. Specific sense. In sense B. 3a probably short for verbal statement (compare sense A. 4a). A. adj. I. Senses relating to words, speech, etc. 1. a. Affecting or involving words; (sometimes) spec. affecting or involving only words, rather than or in contrast to real things, actual facts, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adjective] > consisting of or expressed in words > in mere words verbal?a1425 wordly1633 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 21 (MED) Þe discrepacioun or discordance is only verbale [L. verbalis], i. in worde, & noȝt reale, i. in dede. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Ii4 Socrates..separated Philosophy, and Rhetoricke, whereupon Rhetorick became an emptie & verball Art. View more context for this quotation 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. to Rdr. sig. B2^v Wee might iustly feare hard censure, if generally wee should make verball and vnnecessary changings. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. xi. 253 Whether the greatest part of the Disputes in the World, are not meerly Verbal, and about the Signification of Words. 1785 T. Reid Powers Human Mind iv. 369 If all the general words of a language had a precise meaning,..all verbal disputes would be at an end. 1807 J. Jebb Let. 20 Aug. in J. Jebb & A. Knox Thirty Years' Corr. (1834) I. 372 If our liturgy..had been cast..in a vulgar mould; subsequent alterations, not only verbal, but radical, would have been indispensable. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 121 The opposition between these two modes of speaking is rather verbal than real. 1936 Philos. Rev. 45 156 One might dissent from Professor Boring's use of terms, but such a disagreement would be only verbal. 2010 T. Tännsjö Reasons to Norms iv. 41 I now defend normative realism—I earlier focused rather on intrinsic value. The difference is perhaps more verbal than real. b. Consisting or composed of words; of, relating to, or manifested in words; (sometimes) spec. consisting of, or finding expression in, words only, with no basis in reality or without being manifested in action.verbal inspiration: see verbal inspiration at inspiration n. 3a. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adjective] > consisting of or expressed in words verbal1447 wordisha1586 wordy1592 the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adjective] > consisting of or expressed in words > without manifestation in action verbal1583 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 3921 (MED) I wyl no lengere..vsyn þis doyng, Ne hap þat in swych uerbal batayle I be ouyr-commyn. 1583 J. Prime Fruitefull & Briefe Disc. ii. 131 Thou wilt say, thou hast faith. that is a verball faith, & nothing els. 1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Fij All the neighbour caues as seeming troubled, Make verball repetition of her mones. View more context for this quotation 1639 P. Massinger Unnaturall Combat iv. i. sig. H3 Nor shall you finde A verball friendship in me, but an active. 1677 tr. A.-N. Amelot de La Houssaie Hist. Govt. Venice 163 The Council of Ten having stretched their Law against Treason, to Verbal Expressions. 1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 423 My Prophets, and my Sophists finish'd here Their Civil Efforts of the Verbal War. 1741 Bp. J. Butler Serm. before House of Lords 7 These merely verbal Professions..were thought the proper Language for the public Ear. 1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. xli. 173 Some solid and extraordinary benefit, something..beyond a mere verbal recognition of its independence. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §7. 424 The young playwright quizzes the verbal wit and high-flown extravagance of thought and phrase which Euphues had made fashionable. 1929 E. Pound in N.Y. Herald-Tribune 20 Jan. xi. 5/4 It holds the æsthetic content which is peculiarly the domain of verbal manifestation and can not possibly be contained in plastic or in music. 1949 Mind 58 214 Conceptual analysis..is not concerned with usages, but with the concepts and propositions expressed by verbal expressions. 2017 News Internat. (Nexis) 12 June The UN Security Council also passed a resolution this year declaring Israeli settlements in Gaza illegal. The trouble is that the world's response remains merely verbal. 2. Of a person. a. Primarily interested in, focusing on, or only attending to words, rather than or in contrast to real things, actual facts, etc. See also verbal critic n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > [adjective] > type of literary critic verbal1483 deconstructionist1982 1483 W. Caxton tr. A. Chartier Curial sig. iv We be verbal [Fr. verbaulx; L. verbales], or ful of wordes, and desyre more the wordes than the thynges. 1770 J. Beattie Ess. Truth Introd. 2 A verbal disputant! what claim can he have to the title of Philosopher? 1824 Unitarian Misc. Oct. 205 Religion has been brought from the cell of the monk, and the school of the verbal disputant, into life and society. 1871 Academy 1 May 243/2 It seems to ‘connote’ the idea of a pedant, of a charlatan, an itinerant lecturer, a littérateur, a verbal quibbler. 1994 L. Hopkins J. Ford's Polit. Theatre iv. 99 Protestants were in fact mere verbal quibblers, splitting hairs over the question of language. b. Saying or writing things that are not accompanied by action or otherwise have no basis in reality; esp. merely professing to follow a particular way of life, course of action, etc., or advocating it for others but not following it oneself; using mere words. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > [adjective] > speaking > using mere words verbal1613 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage i. vii. 33 Henoch himselfe is made, not a verball, but a reall Preacher. 1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iv. 140 If Mars and Minerua goe hand in hand, they will effect more good in an houre, then those verball Mercurians in their liues. 1650 J. Milton Tenure of Kings (ed. 2) 57 While they..are onely verbal against the..punishing of Tyrants, all the Scripture..they bring, is..direct..to inferr it altogether as lawful. 1715 in tr. Thomas à Kempis Christian's Exercise App. 329 But a Verbal Christian, who ought not to have the Boldness to say, that he belongs to Christ. 1783 N. Manners Attempt to illustrate Following Subj. 250 What they profess in words, they deny in works; and, therefore, though verbal believers, they are practical atheists. 1876 J. M. Ashley Promptuary for Preachers II. 138 Two trees are mentioned in the Gospel for to-day, good and bad: signifying the real and the mere verbal Christian. 1984 Philosophy 59 94 The smug, indifferent certainty of the merely verbal believer. 3. Using many words; given to expressing oneself in words, esp. fluently or at length; characterized by fluent or lengthy self-expression. Now: spec. given to or confident in expressing oneself in speech; talkative; characterized by volubility.Apparently falling out of use after the mid 17th cent. and then recoined in the mid 20th cent. with specific reference to speech. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > loquacity or talkativeness > [adjective] wordyeOE talewisec1200 i-worded?c1225 babblinga1250 cacklinga1250 chatteringa1250 speakfula1250 word-wooda1250 of many wordsc1350 janglingc1374 tatteringc1380 tongueya1382 ganglinga1398 readya1400 jargaunt1412 talkative1432 open-moutheda1470 clattering1477 trattling?a1513 windy1513 popping1528 smatteringa1529 rattle?1529 communicablea1533 blab1552 gaggling1553 long-tongued?1553 prittle-prattle1556 pattering1558 talking1560 bobling1566 gabbling1566 verbal1572 piet1573 twattling1573 flibber gibber1575 babblative1576 tickle-tongued1577 tattling1581 buzzing1587 long-winded1589 multiloquous1591 discoursive1599 rattling1600 glib1602 flippant1605 talkful1605 nimble-tongued1608 tongue-ripe1610 fliperous1611 garrulous?1611 futile1612 overspeaking1612 feather-tongueda1618 tongue-free1617 long-breatheda1628 well-breathed1635 multiloquious1640 untongue-tied1640 unretentive1650 communicative1651 linguacious1651 glibbed1654 largiloquent1656 multiloquent1656 parlagea1657 loose-clacked1661 nimble-chop1662 twit-twat1665 over-talkativea1667 loquacious1667 loudmouth1668 conversable1673 gash1681 narrative1681 chappy1693 apposite1701 conversative1703 gabbit1710 lubricous1715 gabby?1719 ventose1721 taleful1726 chatty?1741 blethering1759 renable1781 fetch-fire1784 conversational1799 conversant1803 gashing1808 long-lunged1815 talky1815 multi-loquacious1819 prolegomenous1822 talky-talky1831 nimble-mouthed1836 slipper1842 speechful1842 gassy1843 in great force1849 yattering1859 babbly1860 irreticent1864 chattable1867 lubrical1867 chattery1869 loose-mouthed1872 chinny1883 tongue-wagging1885 yappy1909 big-mouthed1914 loose-lipped1919 ear-bashing1945 ear-bending1946 yackety-yacking1953 nattering1959 yacking1959 woofy1960 1572 J. Whitgift Answere to Admon. 167 If any hathe sayde, that some of those which vse to preache often, by their loose, negligent, verball and vnlearned sermons haue brought the worde of God into contempt, or that foure godly, learned, pithie, diligent, and discrete preachers mighte doe more good.., than fortie contentious, vnlearned, verball, and rashe preachers, they haue sayde truely. 1598 T. Tyro Roring Megge sig. C2 A very verbal youth, yet, like a man, He magnified his father Campian. a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) ii. iii. 103 I am much sorry (Sir) You put me to forget a Ladies manners By being so verball . View more context for this quotation a1627 T. Middleton Chast Mayd in Cheape-side (1630) i. 3 He's growne too verball, this Learning is a great Witch. 1939 Monogr. Soc. Res. Child Devel. 4 No. 4. 99 Very verbal again at lunch. 1963 F. Reissman in Programs for Educationally Disadvantaged 6 Within a half hour they were bubbling over with very verbal and very sensitive answers to the question I had asked earlier. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 12 June 15/2 It's made a difference... She's more confident and verbal. 2016 Macarthur Chron. (Austral.) (Nexis) 10 May 10 They're quite verbal and articulate about the pieces and their opinion. 4. a. Expressed or conveyed by speech rather than writing; uttered aloud; spoken, oral.It has sometimes been argued (e.g. in H. W. Fowler Dict. Mod. Eng. Usage (1926) 689/1) that the use of verbal in this sense is incorrect and that oral should be preferred. However, verbal is well established in this sense and is the usual term in certain expressions, such as verbal communication, verbal contract, and verbal evidence. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > [adjective] > spoken or uttered expressed1548 verbal1580 outspoken1652 prolative1691 enunciative1831 spoken1851 phatic1923 1580 T. Salter tr. F. Beroaldo Contention betweene Three Bretheren f. 7^v Behold in the Merchaunt of Plautus, how the father with sharpe threatnings and verball [Fr. verbale] rebukes..endeauoureth himselfe to reuoke and vnwrap his sonne Charin out of the snares & hookes of harlots. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 193 The Chamber of the Pallace where verball appeales are decided, is called, the Golden Chamber. 1667 S. Pepys Diary 14 June (1974) VIII. 271 He did it by verball order from Sir W. Coventry. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) A Verbal Contract, is that made merely by Word of Mouth; in opposition to that made in Writing. 1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 61/2 Did you send a verbal or a written message? 1807 J. Landseer Lect. Engraving Pref. 8 The verbal communications of Sir Henry Englefield, and Mr. Douce; the printed researches of Raspe, Hayley,..and various other authors. 1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xiv. 217 Sending a polite verbal refusal to the commissioner, upon the plea of there being no paper or pens on board. 1930 Child Devel. 1 40/2 Only those cases were used in which there occurred a stimulus to compliance, in the form of a verbal request or suggestion. 1987 Times (Nexis) 25 Aug. The convicted murderess gave full written and verbal statements. 2011 Independent on Sunday 13 Nov. 22/2 Missing school is no longer an escape for some victims who report that verbal abuse follows them into their homes through cyber-bullying. †b. Of a person: using spoken rather than written communication. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > [adjective] > speaking speakinga1325 discoursing1565 loquent1593 parling1594 uttering1818 verbal1822 1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel I. i. 7 The verbal proclaimers of the excellence of their commodities, had this advantage over those who..use the public papers for the same purpose. 5. a. Of a transcription, translation, quotation, etc., of writing or speech: corresponding with or following the original word for word; = verbatim adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > truthfulness, veracity > [adjective] > following original exactly line by line1487 perfect1523 verbal1598 sound1599 verya1616 literala1627 verbatim1651 undepraved1686 literatim1774 letter-perfect1867 line for line1876 1598 R. Haydocke in tr. G. P. Lomazzo Tracte Artes Paintinge To Rdr. sig. ¶iiij^v So that hee shall find neither a Paraphrasticall, Epitomized, or meere Verball translation,..but such a mixed respectiuenesse, as may shewe I indevoured nothing more, then the true vse, benefit, and delight of the reader. 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xx. 238 I take the very same help of translations, either verball or Grammaticall, to be the most speedy furtherances. 1656 A. Cowley Pindarique Odes Pref. sig. Aaa2 in Poems When a person who understands not the Original [of Pindar], reads the verbal Traduction of him into Latin Prose. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 464. ¶1 Of this kind is a beautiful saying in Theognis..to give it in the Verbal Translation, Among Men [etc.]. 1786 T. Jefferson Let. 23 Oct. in Papers (1954) X. 484 You will perceive that it is almost a verbal copy. 1816 R. Morrison Dialogues & Detached Sentences in Chinese Lang. Pref. p. vi Acquaintance with the Language will enable the mind to feel much more of the sense of Characters, than can be conveyed by the words of another Language, in a close verbal translation. 1909 R. Law Tests of Life ii. 29 We have what may be supposed to be almost verbal quotations of current forms of Gnostic profession. 2014 Jrnl. Biblical Lit. 133 65 An accurate and verbal translation of the Hebrew Vorlage. b. With reference to the accuracy or faithfulness of a transcription, translation, quotation, etc.: that takes account of each individual word. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adjective] > in respect of each single word verbal1668 1668 J. Owen Exercitations Epist. to Hebrews v. xiii. 51 The words..agree exactly with that Greek Version of the Old Testament which is now extant; though, apparently since the writing of this Epistle it hath grown in its Verball conformity unto the Allegations as reported in the New. ?1715 M. Davies Present & Primitive State Arianism 72 A verbal Exactness of the recital of every particular Word to a Verbatim Scruple. 1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ i. 4 In close and verbal conformity with the account..preserved by St. Luke. 1845 Law Mag. New Ser. 2 274 His father was..entrusted with the charge of recording, with verbal exactness, the evidence and the speeches made before the houses of parliament. 1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity I. 443 (note) The sacred writers never aim at verbal accuracy in their quotations. 1939 PMLA 54 112 We should not expect a dramatist to quote expository matter with verbal exactness. 2000 H. S. Pyper in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 586/1 Quakers were enjoined to take literally the command of Jesus not to swear oaths, and held out a standard of strict verbal and grammatical accuracy and truthfulness. 6. Of the nature of a word; designating a word. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adjective] verbal1605 lexonic1966 1605 Hist. Tryall Cheualry sig. F Burbon? who names him? that same verball sound Is like a thunderclap to Philips eares. 1700 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding (new ed.) ii. xi. 76 These verbal Signs they [sc. children] sometimes borrow from others, and sometimes make themselves. 1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra ii. vi. §82 Observing by degrees, that all Words consist of a certain Number of Simple Sounds; they..brought them [sc. marks], from many Thousands of Verbal Marks, to Two, or Four and twenty Literal ones. 1842 Brit. Mag. & Monthly Reg. July 34 A system of word-signs or verbal phonetics does not differ from a system of letter-signs or elementary phonetics. a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1860) III. xiii. 244 Propositions have either..their quantity..marked out by a verbal sign, or they have not. 1952 Mind 61 85 Neither is the word short, simply because its meaning is predicable of its own verbal sign, homologically predicable of itself. 2010 High School Jrnl. 93 172 This sound pattern is not the actual literal sound but a psychological impression of the verbal sound of the word ‘tree’. II. Senses relating to verbs. 7. Grammar. Of, relating to, or derived from a verb; of the nature of a verb, that is or functions as a verb.Recorded earliest in noun verbal, variant of verbal noun n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [adjective] verbala1504 a1504 J. Holt Lac Puerorum (1508) iii. sig. G.iiii Eyther by y^e nowne verbale..or by the present subiunctyf. 1611 A. Willet Hexapla: Rom. iv. 197 The word eenunah, faith, beeing vnderstood after the manner of the Hebrewes in the verbal word heemin. a1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. i. xvi, in Wks. (1640) III A Person is the speciall difference of a verball number, whereof the present, and the Tyme past, have in every number three. 1787 C. Davy Lett. to Young Gentleman I. i. 11 The superiority of the Greek tongue, above the Roman, was not owing to the number of its conjugations,..but chiefly to the various powers of the verbal tenses, [etc.]. 1843 Proc. Philol. Soc. (1844) 1 31 The Grammar proceeds to describe other verbal derivatives. 1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. iii. 38 The plural verbal inflection. 1949 Archivum Linguisticum 1 167 The verbal base is either radical or thematic. 2009 B. Palmer Kokota Gram. vi. 175 Verbal predicates may consist of a single verb or a number of verbs in a serial construction. B. n. 1. Grammar. a. A noun, or other word with a different part of speech, which is derived from a verb. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [noun] > word derived from verb verbal1530 deverbative1913 deverbal1934 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 154 Broderésse, a woman brodurar,..tenceresse, a woman chyder; and so of all other verballes. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Giv^v/2 Some verbals in bilis. c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) i. vii. §5 [Words] that we derive from latin verbales in tio, sould also be wrytten with t. 1665 R. Johnson Scholars Guide* 6 The Latine tongue loves Verbals, Participials, Gerundives, and Participles of the future in rus. 1724 S. Lowe Gram. Lat. Tongue 12 Verbals are wanting, for the most part, in Impersonals. ?a1800 Lett. on Eng. & Fr. Nation I. 293 The rules of etymology and formation of Greek verbals evince that it must be so. 1882 F. W. Newman Libyan Vocab. 38 Kabail Verbs and Verbals, including Adjectives. 1931 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 52 185 The termination -mus served to form verbals like almus, fimus, and fumus. 2001 T. Tyrwhitt in A. T. Gaylord Ess. Art of Chaucer's Verse i. 51 In another very numerous set of words (French Verbals ending in ment) the pronunciation of this middle e is countenanced. b. A word or phrase functioning as a verb. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [noun] > word functioning as verb verbal1863 operator1929 1863 Anthropol. Rev. 1 453 Lastly, ym makes the verbs and verbals to which it is prefixed reflective. 1935 H. Straumann Newspaper Headlines 56 Particles, then, are all those words which cannot be looked upon as nominals, verbals, and neutrals. 1965 Amer. Speech 40 206 Adverbials which serve purely as modifiers of sentences and verbals. 2011 G. C. J. Lomas in A. Rumsey & D. Niles Sung Tales from Papua New Guinea Highlands v. 95 Some nominals are derived from verbals and display complex structures. †2. A collection or list of words with brief explanations, definitions, or translations of their meanings; a glossary or dictionary. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > lexicography > [noun] > vocabulary or collection of words vocabulist?1523 vocabular1530 vocabuler1530 vocabulary1532 nomenclator1585 wordbook1598 verbal1599 lexicon1647 nomenclature1659 vocabula1698 abecedarium1796 vocab1836 vocabulary book1854 1599 First Bk. Preseruation Henry VII sig. C^v (heading) A Briefe rule or prosodie, for the vnderstanding of the quantitie of some peculiar wordes in this booke; vntill I haue set forth a Verball, or littel Dictionarie, with a Prosodia requisite for Poetry. 1623 T. Spicer in H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. sig. A7^v (heading) To the Reader on this Verball of his esteemed friend, Master Henry Cockeram of Exeter. 3. colloquial. a. A confession or other statement made orally by a person accused or suspected of criminal activity; a verbal statement; (later chiefly) one alleged by the police to have been made by a suspect, and which is offered as evidence in court by the prosecution. Frequently in plural. Cf. verbal v. 2a. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > evidence > [noun] > testimony or statement of witness > alleged damaging admission verbal1963 1963 Times 22 Feb. 6/5 Who will believe you after I said I wasn't going to make a verbal? 1974 ‘M. Underwood’ Pinch of Snuff xxi. 171 ‘Have a look through the police evidence.’.. ‘At least, they haven't put in any verbals.’ 1980 Daily Mirror 24 June 19 Opponents of ‘verbals’ (alleged admissions of arrested persons to police which are not signed but are admitted in evidence) could see the meeting as a chance to further their campaign. 2013 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 11 Feb. 4 Justice Barr also rejected the argument that the ‘verbals’ in which five of the men allegedly confessed to the bomb plot would have been inadmissible under legal changes. b. In plural. Words which are spoken or sung; esp. (a) the lyrics of a song; (b) the dialogue of a film or television programme. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > [noun] > lyrics wordseOE ditty1552 recitative1659 testo1724 lyric1876 pop lyric1960 verbal1964 bars1994 1964 Times (San Mateo, Calif.) 9 Dec. 43/1 The integration of verbals and vocals loses much of the show's intended buoyancy. 1977 Sounds 9 July 22/1 Being a compulsive engorger of the old verbals concerned with the wonderful world of pop I couldn't help but pick up on the fact that although he didn't actually make records himself, Danny Fields was the sort who got about a bit. 1985 B. Zephaniah Dread Affair 49 I hear your rhythms and observe your verbals so the sentence for the shots has been deferred. 1986 City Limits 16 Oct. 90 It is stronger on visual imagination than on the verbals. 2005 Spectator (Hamilton, Ont.) (Nexis) 13 Dec. a17 I enjoyed the soulful tune and Lennon's mournful verbals. c. In singular and (usually) plural. Spoken or shouted insults; verbal abuse or aggression; invective uttered aloud. Frequently in to give (a person) the verbal (or verbals) and variants. Similarly to give it (the) verbal (or verbals) and variants: to speak or shout abusively or aggressively. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > invective or abuse > [noun] balec1220 ordurec1390 revile1439 brawlingc1440 railing1466 opprobry?a1475 revilingc1475 vituperation1481 vituper1484 vitupery1489 convicy1526 abusion?1530 blasphemation1533 pelta1540 oblatration?1552 words of mischief1555 abuse1559 inveighing1568 invection1590 revilement1590 invective1602 opprobration1623 invecture1633 thunder and lightning1638 raillery1669 rattlinga1677 blackguarding1742 pillory1770 slang1805 slangwhanging1809 bullyragging1820 slanging1856 bespattering1862 bespatterment1870 bad-mouthing1939 bad mouth1947 slagging1956 flak1968 verbal1970 handbagging1987 pelters1992 1970 Daily Mail 30 Oct. 10/6 I pushed him back and thought it was now time for a touch of the verbals. 1973 Time Out 2 Mar. 13/2 We faced them, and gave them a load of verbal across the street. 1977 Times Educ. Suppl. 21 Oct. 43/2 Insulting and humiliating rivals—‘giving them the verbal’. 1982 Observer 10 Oct. 40/7 Each ‘ball’ consisted of a distinctly lethargic head-high bouncer.., followed by a rousing collection of verbals (money will be paid to lip-reading viewers for translation). 1994 I. Botham My Autobiogr. iv. 71 I overheard Chappell giving it the typical Aussie verbals and rubbishing England. 2013 Ireland's Own 12 Apr. 40 But the tension was palpable whenever I was the target of Evelyn's verbals. Compounds C1. In combination with another adjective, with the sense ‘both verbal and ——’, as verbal-acoustic, verbal-metrical, verbal-visual, etc. ΚΠ 1869 Med. Times & Gaz. 23 Oct. 481/1 Verbal motor processes are essential in understanding what is said to us and in thinking. 1911 S. S. Colvin Learning Process vii. 107 If I recall the name as spoken by some one, I have a verbal-acoustic image. 1948 L. Spitzer Linguistics & Lit. Hist. 201 The verbal-metrical scheme of the strophe. 1972 R. E. Ornstein Psychol. of Consciousness ii. 39 The scientist, the writer, the mathematician are examples of the culturally ‘dominant’ verbal-rational mode. 2004 United Press Internat. Newswire (Nexis) 21 Aug. He..has produced enigmatic paintings and drawings, often including verbal-visual witticisms reflecting his background in commercial art. C2. verbal adjective n. (formerly also †adjective verbal) [after post-classical Latin verbale adiectivum (also adiectivum verbale) (1537 or earlier)] Grammar an adjective formed from a verb, usually, through not necessarily, constituting an inflection, and typically closely related to the source verb in meaning; spec. a participle or participial adjective. ΚΠ 1649 J. Shirley Via ad Latinam Linguam Complanata 103 Verbal Adjectives in bilis, when they signifie passively, Govern a Dative. 1655 W. Walker Treat. Eng. Particles 144 An Adjective Verball of a Passive signification. 1775 A. B. W. Bell New Compend. Gram. Greek Tongue 62 A Participle is a Verbal Adjective. 1859 W. Wright tr. C. P. Caspari Gram. Arab. Lang. I. 124 The verbal adjectives, derived from the first form of the triliteral verb, have two principal forms. 1949 Classical Weekly 28 Nov. 19/2 Both gerund and gerundive are in form passive verbal adjectives. 2013 G. J. C. Jordaan Anc. Greek Inside Out iv. 36 The participle is a type of verbal adjective, in part a verb, in part an adjective. verbal conditioning n. Psychology the reinforcement (reinforcement n. 1c) of certain verbal responses, typically with the object of establishing the use of particular words or ways of speaking. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > experimental psychology > conditioning > [noun] > verbal verbal conditioning1926 1926 J. B. Watson in Harper's Monthly Mag. June 245/2 We cannot verbalize our early habits—verbal conditioning has not proceeded far enough. 1954 Jrnl. Exper. Psychol. 48 355 (title) Influence of awareness of reinforcement on verbal conditioning. 1979 Social Psychol. Q. 42 55/2 Verbal conditioning was selected as the vehicle by which to produce alterations in authoritarian attitudes. 2011 PLoS One (online journal, accessed 21 Aug. 2017) 6 2/2 A more complete understanding of the role of euphemisms in language requires a consideration of the role of verbal conditioning. verbal critic n. a critic who focuses on or only analyses the words used to express or convey something; spec. a textual critic; cf. verbal criticism n.Sometimes with depreciative connotations of pedantry. ΚΠ 1656 R. Short Περι Ψυχροποσιας Pref. sig. (a)3 Plato understood Homer (not as poor verbal Criticks do in these dayes). 1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 17 Neglect the Rules each Verbal Critick lays, For not to know some Trifles, is a Praise. 1855 F. A. Paley Æschylus (1861) Pref. p. xxviii Hermann, the leader of the verbal-critics. 1906 PMLA 21 App. xxviii. Peabody and White, textual and verbal critics. 2011 P. Holbrook in M. T. Burnett et al. Edinb. Compan. Shakespeare & Arts ii. 41 Shakespeare makes the pompous, but also sinister, court counsellor Polonius a captious verbal critic. verbal criticism n. critical analysis focused on or limited to the words used to express or convey something; spec. textual criticism; (also and in earliest use) an instance of this; cf. verbal critic n.Sometimes with depreciative connotations of pedantry. ΚΠ 1656 A. Tuckney Good Day Improved 269 How much better are the high and proud contests of those who account themselves the greatest Scholars about their verball Criticismes? 1660 H. More Explan. Grand Myst. Godliness iii. ii. 60 The noble and free Spirit of Philosophy will not be carried captive with these cobweb-fetters of Superstition and verbal Criticism. 1759 Monthly Rev. Mar. 279 It is an easy matter, by the mean arts of verbal criticism, to make the best lines appear ridiculous. 1860 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 215 If Mr. Cardwell had thought as highly, as he ought, of the utility of verbal criticism, he would have proved himself a better scholar by trusting more to that science than to the readings of a favourite but frequently faulty MS. 1928 W. R. Roberts Greek Rhetoric & Lit. Crit. v. 100 Their writings..survive only in annotations concerned chiefly with textual or verbal criticism. 2010 Rhetoric Soc. Q. 40 28 Verbal criticism adapted because of pressure from philological scholarship. verbal diarrhoea n. colloquial (frequently humorous) the habit or trait of talking or (now less commonly) writing excessively or verbosely; extreme verbosity; (later more usually) excessive talk, profuse verbiage; cf. diarrhoea n. 2.Frequently in figurative expressions likening this habit or trait to an illness or affliction.Sometimes also with the implication that the things said or written are worthless or absurd. [Compare earlier logodiarrhoea n.] ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > loquacity or talkativeness > [noun] overspeecheOE tongue-itch1540 multiloquy1542 long tongue1557 garrulity1581 slipperiness1589 polylogy1602 volubility1602 loquacity1603 lubricity1603 tonguiness1607 overspeakinga1610 talkativeness1609 philology1623 tongue-vice1628 glibness1633 futility1640 linguacity1656 garrulousness1727 linguosity1727 loquaciousness1727 multiloquiousness1727 jaw1748 multiloquence1760 flippancy1789 verbal diarrhoea1808 magpiety1832 big mouth1834 pleniloquence1838 chattiness1876 open-mouthedness1883 gabbiness1887 garrulance1890 irreticence1919 talkiness1934 ear-bashing1945 mee-mawing1974 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [noun] > abundance of vocabulary > flow of words > excessive logodiarrhoea1624 diarrhoea1698 verbal diarrhoea1808 over-fluency1896 1808 London Med. Rev. May 195 We have never met with more serious and inveterate cases of verbal diarrhea, than those of Mr. Hunter and Dr. Adams. 1887 Edinb. Med. Jrnl. (1888) 33 i. 257 Dr Bell's mode of teaching is..calculated to dwell in the memory by its freedom from verbal diarrhœa. 1938 N. Marsh Death in White Tie xiii. 146 Her chief complaint is..acute verbal diarrhoea. 1979 Globe & Mail (Canada) (Nexis) 17 Jan. Rather than delegate $1.5-million to Dr. Robert Jackson's latest folly, 107 recommendations that must be viewed as verbal diarrhea, let us put the money to proper use. 2017 Cape Times (Nexis) 8 May (E1 ed.) 8 The CNN presenter..kept, not only interrupting the elegant and composed senator, but absolutely talked her down in a continuous stream of verbal diarrhoea. verbal note n. [probably after French note verbale note verbale n., although this is apparently first attested slightly later: 1789 or earlier] an unsigned diplomatic note written in the third person, of the nature of a memorandum but sometimes considered to be more formal; = note verbale n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > correspondence > letter > [noun] > diplomatic letter verbal note1787 note verbale1793 note1796 collective note1863 1787 London Chron. 15 Mar. 254/2 The Marquis de Verac, Ambassador from his Christian Majesty, has presented a verbal note. 1813 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 27 Nov. 693 The Ambassador expresses himself in his verbal note, ‘Austria, who has made the first proposals for peace,..should like to..insist upon the immediate opening of a negociation’. 1919 E. Paul & C. Paul tr. H. von Treitschke Hist. Germany in 19th Cent. V. v. 371 The envoy Cartwright..handed the presidential envoy on May 24th a verbal note whose shamelessness was unprecedented even in the annals of English diplomacy. 2004 Internat. Legal Materials 43 775 In a verbal note of 22 May 2003, the United States Embassy assured that the complainant would not be prosecuted by a military tribunal. verbal noun n. (formerly also †noun verbal) [after post-classical Latin nomen verbale (5th or 6th cent. in grammarians)] Grammar a noun formed from an inflection of a verb and partly sharing its constructions. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > noun > [noun] > nouns derived from verbs supinec1450 gerundive1483 verbal nouna1504 overthrown?1533 gerund1542 verbal substantive1570 a1504 J. Holt Lac Puerorum (1508) iii. sig. G.iiii Eyther by y^e nowne verbale..or by the present subiunctyf. 1576 G. Ledoyen de la Pichonnaye Playne Treat. Frenche Tongue ii. sig. C.vi^v All names of beastes male, briefly all verball nounes, or other that belong onely to men, are of the masculine gender. 1659 O. Walker Some Instr. Art Oratory 32 Verbal nouns..some of them being augmentative, some diminutive. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. at Abandoning A verbal noun from abandon. 1864 Pennsylvania School Jrnl. Oct. 96/1 In the Latin there are no less than three modifications of the verb, used as the verbal noun, to wit, the infinitive, the gerund, and the supine. 1940 C. C. Fries Amer. Eng. Gram. 130 The prepositional infinitive was made up of the preposition or function word to and the dative case of a verbal noun. 2011 Jrnl. Qur'anic Stud. 13 61 As a verbal noun the term amāna has both an abstract and a concrete meaning. verbal overshadowing n. Psychology the effect whereby the process of putting one's memory of a non-verbal stimulus, experience, etc., into words impairs one's ability accurately to recall the memory in question.Chiefly in discussions of the impact of this effect on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony in legal cases. ΚΠ 1990 J. W. Schooler & T. Y. Engstler-Schooler in Cognitive Psychol. 22 66 The present analysis suggests a likely criterion for whether memory for a stimulus is susceptible to verbal overshadowing: it must be associated with a memory that defies complete linguistic description. 2000 Aberdeen Press & Jrnl. (Nexis) 25 Apr. 13 If verbal overshadowing is found to have a real effect on the visual memory, then we would advise that the police procedure should be changed, that people should be shown photographs first, rather than asked for a full description. 2012 Harvard Law Rev. 125 735 Verbal overshadowing doesn't decrease subjects' confidence, only their accuracy. verbal process n. [after French procès-verbal procès-verbal n.; compare post-classical Latin processus verbalis (a1540)] a detailed written report or account; cf. procès-verbal n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > written record > [noun] > minutes minute1443 copy of a conference1588 verbal process1590 particularc1600 consulto1659 procès-verbal1807 consulta1877 Mike1986 society > communication > information > reporting > [noun] > a report > detailed verbal process1590 1590 tr. True Disc. Wonderfull Victorie sig. F1^v The saide Court hath ordained and enioyned to all the saide Bailiefes and deputies, to send..the verball processe of all seisies and sales. 1688 London Gaz. No. 2330/2 But the Nuncio and Clergy..have drawn up a Verbal Process of all that passed, which they have transmitted to Rome. 1759 A. Butler Lives Saints IV. 1005 He left an authentick verbal process of this vision, but as of a third person. 1809 Times 20 June 4/1 The dead body of Major Schill..was carried [to the Town Hall of Stralsund] by several of his men..and a verbal process was drawn up of their depositions. 1926 E. A. Parker tr. J. Declareuil Rome the Law-giver ii. iii. 341 A declaration made before the clergy in church at the great festivals, for which a verbal process was drawn up. 2003 Africa News (Nexis) 8 Oct. The conversations will end on Thursday with the signing of a protocol in the area of petrol and a verbal process. verbal substantive n. (formerly also †substantive verbal) Grammar a noun formed from an inflection of a verb and partly sharing its constructions; = verbal noun n. ΚΠ 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. F.ij/1 There bee also many Substantiues verbals besides these ending in ent. 1685 E. Phillips Treat. forming Derivatives Lat. Tongue 13 From Verbal Substantives in Or. [= Orius]. 1700 A. Lane Key to Art of Lett. 83 The Gen. [= Genitive] of the Object is governed of a verbal Substantive. 1806 Lit. Mag. & Amer. Reg. Feb. 129/2 From ‘to waver’ is formed the verbal substantive ‘a wavering’. 1911 Mod. Lang. Rev. 6 367 Dante uses in the Inferno the verbal substantive ‘lo cominciare’ for ‘beginning’. 2009 Dead Sea Discov. 16 109 Note that the verbal substantive qittûl is relative rare. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). verbalv. Brit. /ˈvəːbl/, U.S. /ˈvərb(ə)l/, Australian English /ˈvɜːb(ə)l/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: verbal adj., verbal n. Etymology: Partly (i) < verbal adj., and partly (ii) < verbal n. colloquial. 1. a. transitive. With direct speech or that-clause as object: to say, utter. rare before the late 20th cent. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] speakc825 queatheOE forthdoc900 i-seggenc900 sayeOE speak971 meleOE quidOE spella1000 forthbringc1000 givec1175 warpa1225 mootc1225 i-schirea1250 upbringa1250 outsay?c1250 spilec1275 talec1275 wisea1300 crackc1315 nevena1325 cast1330 rehearsec1330 roundc1330 spend1362 carpa1375 sermona1382 to speak outc1384 usea1387 minc1390 pronouncea1393 lancec1400 mellc1400 nurnc1400 slingc1400 tellc1400 wordc1400 yelpc1400 worka1425 utterc1444 outspeakc1449 yielda1450 arecchec1460 roose?a1475 cutc1525 to come forth with1532 bubble1536 prolate1542 report1548 prolocute1570 bespeak1579 wield1581 upbraid1587 up with (also mid) ——1594 name1595 upbrayc1600 discoursea1616 tonguea1616 to bring out1665 voice1665 emit1753 lip1789 to out with1802 pitch1811 go1836 to open one's head1843 vocabulize1861 shoot1915 verbal1920 be1982 1920 N. L. Pinder in Life 29 Apr. 777/1 ‘Dearest,’ she verballed to the young viking beside her, ‘it's our move.’ 1983 R. Aven-Bray Ridgey-didge Oz Jack Lang 7 ‘Want a twist an' twirl, luv?’ she verballed in anticipation. 1996 George Feb. 151/1 Shalit herself verbals that she did not have the best grades at Whitefish Bay public high school..but got into Princeton on the strength of her essays. 2016 N. Louth Mirror Mirror iii. 22 Virgil verballed that he himself was a grande black bastard, who also spoke French. b. intransitive. To talk, speak. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speak [verb (intransitive)] matheleOE speakc888 spellc888 yedc888 i-quethec900 reirdOE meldOE meleOE quidOE i-meleOE wordOE to open one's mouth (also lips)OE mootOE spellc1175 carpa1240 spilec1275 bespeakc1314 adda1382 mella1400 moutha1400 utter?a1400 lalec1400 nurnc1400 parlec1400 talkc1400 to say forthc1405 rekea1450 to say on1487 nevena1500 quinch1511 quetch1530 queckc1540 walk1550 cant1567 twang1602 articulate1615 tella1616 betalk1622 sermocinate1623 to give tongue1737 jaw1748 to break stillness1768 outspeaka1788 to give mouth1854 larum1877 to make noises1909 verbal1974 1974 G. F. Newman Price iii. 91 Sneed liked women verballing when he fucked them, particularly Juliet's kind. 1996 George Feb. 151/1 He likes my use of a colorful word, how instead of writing ‘he says’, I write ‘he chortles’ or ‘he verbals’. 2. a. transitive. British and Australian. Of a police officer, detective, etc.: to allege, esp. dishonestly, that (a person accused or suspected of criminal activity) made a verbal confession or said something incriminating; to fabricate (a verbal confession or incriminating statement by a suspected criminal). Also with up. Cf. verbal n. 3a. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > charge, accuse, or indict [verb (transitive)] > attribute damaging statement to verbal1963 1963 Times 22 Feb. 6/5 I cannot be verballed, there were those press boys and the taxi man there. I told them I wasn't saying anything. 1970 P. Laurie Scotl. Yard vi. 146 The aggravation of it. He verbals up my villain and then says he'll let him off. 1988 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 25 Feb. (Late ed.) 3 Judge Lucas..was also well aware of the possibilities of some confessions being verballed. 2002 Courier Mail (Queensland, Austral.) (Nexis) 22 June 25 Bennett..was fed up with the constant dishonesty of police, particularly those who verballed suspects and told lies to achieve convictions. b. transitive. Australian. In extended use: to represent (a person) as having said something that he or she did not, esp. in order to damage his or her reputation; to misrepresent or misquote the words of. ΚΠ 1990 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 22 Aug. 23/1 The ‘corruption buster’ tag was prompted by reports in the Sydney press that Dempster would ‘have a politician's scalp by Christmas’. ‘I was verballed,’ he said. 1995 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 11 Nov. Mr Keating emphatically denied the report and turned on the British media, claiming he had been verballed by The Guardian. 2008 Canberra Times (Nexis) 5 Nov. (Final ed.) a10 Hingee's letter verballed me by neatly replacing the issues I discussed on election night. 3. transitive. Australian and (less commonly) British. To abuse (a person) verbally. ΚΠ 1990 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 29 May 34/2 Brian verballed us and the players aren't very happy about it. 1993 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 17 July 2 How droll to be verballed to death! 2017 Courier Mail (Austral.) (Nexis) 28 July 22 Scarcely a week goes by in which players aren't verballed (not harmless sledging but vile taunts about appearance). Derivatives Chiefly in sense 2. ˈverballer n. Australian a police officer known for fabricating incriminating statements or verbal confessions. ΚΠ 1988 Sydney Morning Herald 21 Sept. 2 His negative replies to Nolan's questions implied that the old verballer figured Yorke was going to verbal him. 1989 Sunday Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 11 June The criminal justice system in this state had been rendered virtually useless because of the ravages of the verballers, the loaded charges and the unprofessional police work. 2002 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 5 June (Late ed.) 1 The veteran verballers from Major Crime Squad North were set to bust an armed holdup gang. ˈverballing n. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > [noun] > a charge, accusation, or allegation > false charge > attribution of damaging statement verballing1972 1972 P. Fordham Inside Underworld x. 122 The threatened police ‘verballing’ took place. 1977 ‘C. Aird’ Parting Breath iv. 47 It wasn't, the policeman consoled himself, really and truly verballing. 1994 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 1 Feb. (Sport section) 40 Under no circumstances should the verballing of umpires be tolerated. 2004 Daily Tel. 19 May 22/5 The culture of bribe-taking, sharing in the proceeds of crime and ‘verballing’, or fabricating evidence against suspects, had become so ingrained in parts of the Met. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.?a1425v.1920
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verbaladj.n.

Compounds

verbalv.

Derivatives