verballyadv.

Brit.

/ˈvəːbl̩i/,

/ˈvəːbəli/, U.S.

/ˈvərbəli/

Forms: 1500s– verbally, 1600s verballie.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; originally modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: verbal adj., -ly suffix².

Etymology: < verbal adj. + -ly suffix², originally after Middle French (French) verbalement by means of speech, orally (1337). Compare post-classical Latin verbaliter like a verb (5th cent.), by means of words (from 14th cent. in British and continental sources), orally (from 13th cent. in British sources; from 14th cent. in continental sources).

1. In or with spoken (rather than written) words; by means of speech; orally.For discussion of views about the correctness of this use, see note at verbal adj. 4a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > [adverb]

mouthlya1425

by word of mouthc1456

by tonguec1550

expressedlya1555

verbo1561

verbally1571

viva voce1581

ore tenusa1601

verbatima1616

orally1666

speakably1845

on the blob1851

1571 G. Fenton tr. Actes of Conf. in Relig. f. 99^v As well by our sundry offers made to them to conferre thereof verbally [Fr. verballement], to the ende to aduaunce it with more speede, and so at leysure to set it downe in writing.

1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 503 Then, after long reasoning and protesting,..the King's Commissioner arose, dischargeing the Assemblie verballie.

1673 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 70 My humble advice..is to content your selfe with what his Ma[jes]ty has verbally been pleased to declare in this matter.

1782 F. Burney Cecilia IV. vii. vii. 101 Give me but the commission, either verbally or in writing.

1808 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius II. xxi. 742 It was verbally agreed between plaintiff, defendant, and J. S., that the defendant..should pay the amount.

1878 S. Walpole Hist. Eng. II. 675 The King was verbally assured..that at least fifty fresh peerages would be required.

1925 V. F. Calverton Newer Spirit 121 In the days of early civilizations there were books written, or at least composed verbally and tableted or penned later.

2013 Independent 3 Jan. 18/1 I drive at the limit (20, 30 or 40mph) and am often tailgated, undertaken and verbally abused by a minority of drivers.

a. In or with words, whether written or spoken; by means of words; (sometimes) spec. in or with mere words, without being accompanied by action or with no basis in reality.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adverb]

verbally1572

lexically1858

the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adverb] > by mere words > without accompanying reality

verbally1572

1572 J. Whitgift Answere to Admon. 83 Running all the day long vppe and downe the streetes, seldome or neuer studying, doe negligently, vnorderly, verbally (if I may so terme it) preache euery day twice.

1602 W. Fulbecke Pandectes 82 Such thinges as are not verballie forbidden, are implicatiuelie permitted.

a1691 R. Boyle Gen. Hist. Air (1692) 55 Nature..has furnished men with sensories capable of distinctly perceiving a far greater variety of objects, than they are able verbally to express.

1718 I. Mather Pract. Truths 113 Ministers of the Gospel ought not to Preach only Verbally, but by their Lives and Conversations.

1860 Phytologist Aug. 252 Mr. Moore, in his ‘Handbook of British Ferns’, describes the above varieties both verbally and pictorially.

1956 G. T. Thomson & H. Knight tr. K. Barth Church Dogmatics I. ii. iv. 827 An attitude which is actually and not merely verbally confessional.

2006 D. R. Montello & P. C. Sutton Introd. Sci. Res. Methods in Geogr. vi. 84 We have distinguished between explicit reports expressed in written versus oral form, but in both cases, reports are most often expressed verbally, in words.

b. So far as words are concerned; (sometimes) spec. only so far as words are concerned.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adverb] > by mere words

verbally1612

1612 J. Cotta Short Discouerie Dangers Ignorant Practisers Physicke ii. i. 80 He that simply and verbally onely vnderstandeth.

1834 T. C. Upham Philos. & Pract. Treat. Will i. iv. 105 When they are both called choice or acts of choice, they are indeed verbally, but not really identical.

1856 Eclectic Rev. Jan. 62 It is vain to be verbally right, if we are not livingly real.

1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. ii. §11. 35 Thus these three different suppositions.., verbally intelligible though they are,..turn out..to be literally unthinkable.

1934 Jrnl. Philos. 31 637 This seems to me fundamentally correct but merely verbally different from what I am trying to say.

2004 G. Dicker Kant's Theory of Knowl. App. 221 What Kant has said here makes sense verbally, but one may wonder whether it adds anything of importance to the doctrine we discussed.

3. With reference to a transcription, translation, quotation, etc., of writing or speech.

a. In a form that corresponds with or follows the original word for word; = verbatim adv. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adverb] > word for word

fro word unto wordeOE

word after wordeOE

word by wordeOE

word in wordeOE

word for wordc1400

after the worda1450

verbatim?1503

verbatimly1587

verbally1588

verbatim et literatim1642

syllabically1654

totidem verbis1659

1588 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (new ed.) iv. v. 502 It is not of necessitie, that the Statute be verbally rehearsed, but only that the offence against the Statute be sufficiently and with full words described.

1622 J. Brinsley Consol. Gram. School 71 But all these would be gotten much sooner, if being thus verbally translated into English.

1680 J. Dryden in J. Dryden et al. tr. Ovid Epist. Pref. sig. A8^v 'Tis almost impossible to Translate verbally, and well, at the same time.

1739 W. Smith in tr. On Sublime 135 Catullus has translated this Ode almost verbally.

1834 J. E. Tyler Oaths ii. vi. 161 This same most interesting author, (Heineccius,) describes an imposing scene of which he was an eye-witness when a boy, in so graphic a manner, that I cannot help attempting to translate it verbally.

1894 W. Walker Hist. Congregational Churches U.S. v. 152 This Massachusetts statute was copied verbally in the code of laws enacted by the Connecticut Court in May, 1650.

1903 Messenger June 740 We have not the original at hand for comparison, but it looks as if fidelity in rendering it verbally had been attained by the translator at the frequent sacrifice of English idiom.

2007 Jrnl. Med. Ethics 33 515/2 The first 13 [interviews] were transcribed verbally, whereas only selected parts including quotes that were considered essential were transcribed from the remainder.

b. In respect of each individual word.

ΚΠ

1753 F. Comings Printed Hebrew Text of Old Test. Vindicated 10 This being the Scheme then which these Translators pursued, and these the Liberties they took, they cannot be brought as Evidence for any reading; which no Translation that is not verbally literal can be asserted to have preserv'd.

1781 J. Donellan Def. & Substance of Trial 47 If her Ladyship was not verbally accurate, no certain construction could be put upon the language in question.

1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. 29 To make them..such a record of Divine utterances as to be throughout verbally and literally true.

1867 J. A. Froude Short Stud. 1st Ser. I. 245 If all three agreed verbally, we should feel certain it was more than accident.

1905 Geogr. Jrnl. 25 58 As the result of the deliberation was not officially printed before the close of the Congress, the following notes do not claim to be verbally accurate, nor are they complete.

2004 Renaissance Q. 57 531 While staying verbally close to Saxo and thus purporting to follow him, Olaus Magnus in fact twists his brother's very different account of events a notch further.

4. Grammar. As, or in the manner of, a verb.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [adverb]

verbally1755

1755 J. Bate Reply to Dr. Sharp's Rev. i. 47 The context requires it to be construed verbally, ‘and not as a noun’.

1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. xii. 233 The verbally used [Scythian] forms are, rather, but one step removed from nouns used predicatively.

1888 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 9 314 In the same way adjectives may be used verbally.

1953 Hispanic Rev. 21 286 Occasionally past participles used verbally are found as autorhymes.

1962 J. J. Y. Liu Art of Chinese Poetry (1966) iv. 46 By using nouns verbally, one can render the description more concrete.

2011 Nat. Lang. & Ling. Theory 29 1136 The English personal pronouns resolve it by..never functioning adjectivally or verbally.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	verbally
释义	verballyadv. Brit. /ˈvəːbl̩i/, /ˈvəːbəli/, U.S. /ˈvərbəli/ Forms: 1500s– verbally, 1600s verballie. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; originally modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: verbal adj., -ly suffix². Etymology: < verbal adj. + -ly suffix², originally after Middle French (French) verbalement by means of speech, orally (1337). Compare post-classical Latin verbaliter like a verb (5th cent.), by means of words (from 14th cent. in British and continental sources), orally (from 13th cent. in British sources; from 14th cent. in continental sources). 1. In or with spoken (rather than written) words; by means of speech; orally.For discussion of views about the correctness of this use, see note at verbal adj. 4a. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > [adverb] mouthlya1425 by word of mouthc1456 by tonguec1550 expressedlya1555 verbo1561 verbally1571 viva voce1581 ore tenusa1601 verbatima1616 orally1666 speakably1845 on the blob1851 1571 G. Fenton tr. Actes of Conf. in Relig. f. 99^v As well by our sundry offers made to them to conferre thereof verbally [Fr. verballement], to the ende to aduaunce it with more speede, and so at leysure to set it downe in writing. 1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 503 Then, after long reasoning and protesting,..the King's Commissioner arose, dischargeing the Assemblie verballie. 1673 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 70 My humble advice..is to content your selfe with what his Ma[jes]ty has verbally been pleased to declare in this matter. 1782 F. Burney Cecilia IV. vii. vii. 101 Give me but the commission, either verbally or in writing. 1808 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius II. xxi. 742 It was verbally agreed between plaintiff, defendant, and J. S., that the defendant..should pay the amount. 1878 S. Walpole Hist. Eng. II. 675 The King was verbally assured..that at least fifty fresh peerages would be required. 1925 V. F. Calverton Newer Spirit 121 In the days of early civilizations there were books written, or at least composed verbally and tableted or penned later. 2013 Independent 3 Jan. 18/1 I drive at the limit (20, 30 or 40mph) and am often tailgated, undertaken and verbally abused by a minority of drivers. 2. a. In or with words, whether written or spoken; by means of words; (sometimes) spec. in or with mere words, without being accompanied by action or with no basis in reality. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adverb] verbally1572 lexically1858 the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adverb] > by mere words > without accompanying reality verbally1572 1572 J. Whitgift Answere to Admon. 83 Running all the day long vppe and downe the streetes, seldome or neuer studying, doe negligently, vnorderly, verbally (if I may so terme it) preache euery day twice. 1602 W. Fulbecke Pandectes 82 Such thinges as are not verballie forbidden, are implicatiuelie permitted. a1691 R. Boyle Gen. Hist. Air (1692) 55 Nature..has furnished men with sensories capable of distinctly perceiving a far greater variety of objects, than they are able verbally to express. 1718 I. Mather Pract. Truths 113 Ministers of the Gospel ought not to Preach only Verbally, but by their Lives and Conversations. 1860 Phytologist Aug. 252 Mr. Moore, in his ‘Handbook of British Ferns’, describes the above varieties both verbally and pictorially. 1956 G. T. Thomson & H. Knight tr. K. Barth Church Dogmatics I. ii. iv. 827 An attitude which is actually and not merely verbally confessional. 2006 D. R. Montello & P. C. Sutton Introd. Sci. Res. Methods in Geogr. vi. 84 We have distinguished between explicit reports expressed in written versus oral form, but in both cases, reports are most often expressed verbally, in words. b. So far as words are concerned; (sometimes) spec. only so far as words are concerned. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adverb] > by mere words verbally1612 1612 J. Cotta Short Discouerie Dangers Ignorant Practisers Physicke ii. i. 80 He that simply and verbally onely vnderstandeth. 1834 T. C. Upham Philos. & Pract. Treat. Will i. iv. 105 When they are both called choice or acts of choice, they are indeed verbally, but not really identical. 1856 Eclectic Rev. Jan. 62 It is vain to be verbally right, if we are not livingly real. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. ii. §11. 35 Thus these three different suppositions.., verbally intelligible though they are,..turn out..to be literally unthinkable. 1934 Jrnl. Philos. 31 637 This seems to me fundamentally correct but merely verbally different from what I am trying to say. 2004 G. Dicker Kant's Theory of Knowl. App. 221 What Kant has said here makes sense verbally, but one may wonder whether it adds anything of importance to the doctrine we discussed. 3. With reference to a transcription, translation, quotation, etc., of writing or speech. a. In a form that corresponds with or follows the original word for word; = verbatim adv. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adverb] > word for word fro word unto wordeOE word after wordeOE word by wordeOE word in wordeOE word for wordc1400 after the worda1450 verbatim?1503 verbatimly1587 verbally1588 verbatim et literatim1642 syllabically1654 totidem verbis1659 1588 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (new ed.) iv. v. 502 It is not of necessitie, that the Statute be verbally rehearsed, but only that the offence against the Statute be sufficiently and with full words described. 1622 J. Brinsley Consol. Gram. School 71 But all these would be gotten much sooner, if being thus verbally translated into English. 1680 J. Dryden in J. Dryden et al. tr. Ovid Epist. Pref. sig. A8^v 'Tis almost impossible to Translate verbally, and well, at the same time. 1739 W. Smith in tr. On Sublime 135 Catullus has translated this Ode almost verbally. 1834 J. E. Tyler Oaths ii. vi. 161 This same most interesting author, (Heineccius,) describes an imposing scene of which he was an eye-witness when a boy, in so graphic a manner, that I cannot help attempting to translate it verbally. 1894 W. Walker Hist. Congregational Churches U.S. v. 152 This Massachusetts statute was copied verbally in the code of laws enacted by the Connecticut Court in May, 1650. 1903 Messenger June 740 We have not the original at hand for comparison, but it looks as if fidelity in rendering it verbally had been attained by the translator at the frequent sacrifice of English idiom. 2007 Jrnl. Med. Ethics 33 515/2 The first 13 [interviews] were transcribed verbally, whereas only selected parts including quotes that were considered essential were transcribed from the remainder. b. In respect of each individual word. ΚΠ 1753 F. Comings Printed Hebrew Text of Old Test. Vindicated 10 This being the Scheme then which these Translators pursued, and these the Liberties they took, they cannot be brought as Evidence for any reading; which no Translation that is not verbally literal can be asserted to have preserv'd. 1781 J. Donellan Def. & Substance of Trial 47 If her Ladyship was not verbally accurate, no certain construction could be put upon the language in question. 1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. 29 To make them..such a record of Divine utterances as to be throughout verbally and literally true. 1867 J. A. Froude Short Stud. 1st Ser. I. 245 If all three agreed verbally, we should feel certain it was more than accident. 1905 Geogr. Jrnl. 25 58 As the result of the deliberation was not officially printed before the close of the Congress, the following notes do not claim to be verbally accurate, nor are they complete. 2004 Renaissance Q. 57 531 While staying verbally close to Saxo and thus purporting to follow him, Olaus Magnus in fact twists his brother's very different account of events a notch further. 4. Grammar. As, or in the manner of, a verb. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [adverb] verbally1755 1755 J. Bate Reply to Dr. Sharp's Rev. i. 47 The context requires it to be construed verbally, ‘and not as a noun’. 1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. xii. 233 The verbally used [Scythian] forms are, rather, but one step removed from nouns used predicatively. 1888 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 9 314 In the same way adjectives may be used verbally. 1953 Hispanic Rev. 21 286 Occasionally past participles used verbally are found as autorhymes. 1962 J. J. Y. Liu Art of Chinese Poetry (1966) iv. 46 By using nouns verbally, one can render the description more concrete. 2011 Nat. Lang. & Ling. Theory 29 1136 The English personal pronouns resolve it by..never functioning adjectivally or verbally. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.1571
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