vigorousadj.

Brit.

/ˈvɪɡ(ə)rəs/, U.S.

/ˈvɪɡ(ə)rəs/

Forms: Middle English, 1600s vigrous, Middle English vygerous, Middle English–1500s vigerous-, 1600s–1800s poetic vig'rous; Middle English–1500s vygorous (Middle English vygorowse, 1500s vygorouse; Middle English Scottish wygorous), Middle English– vigorous (Middle English vigorows, Scottish wigorus); Middle English, 1500s–1600s vigourous.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman vigrus, vigerous, vigorouse, Old French vigorous, vigourous, vigoros , etc. (modern French vigoureux ), = Provençal vigoros , Spanish vigoroso , Portuguese vigoroso , Italian vigoroso , medieval Latin vigorōsus (Diefenbach): see vigour n. and -ous suffix.

a. Of persons or animals: Strong and active in body; endowed with or possessed of physical strength and energy; robust in health or constitution; hardy, lusty, strong.Apparently not in common use during the 15th and 16th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > resistant to disease, etc.

strongeOE

stalworthc1175

starka1250

stiff1297

stalworthyc1300

vigorousc1330

stoura1350

lustyc1374

marrowya1382

sturdyc1386

crank1398

robust1490

vigorious1502

stalwart1508

hardy1548

robustious1548

of force1577

rustical1583

marrowed1612

rustic1620

robustic1652

solid1741

refractory1843

salted1864

resistant1876

saulteda1879

the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > fresh or vigorous

vigorousc1330

frikea1400

freck?a1513

flourishing?1555

flush1604

caller1754

yauld1787

strengthful1830

beany1852

pithsome1864

c1330 Arth. & Merl. 9060 (Kölbing) Herui, þat was vigrous & liȝt, On þe scheld him hit a dint hard.

a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 6923 We habbeþ many pryuee foo, Þat..willen fonde to greuen vs, Bot þou þee make vigourous!

c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 57 Euer ordeyn þi þoughtes in goodnesse; ȝeld þy seluyn glorious & vygerous.

c1400 Promptorium Parvulorum 510/1 Vygorowse, vigorosus, ferox.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 328/1 Vygorouse, vigoreux, vigoreuse.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Vigoureux, vigorous, lustie, liuely, strong.

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Vigorous, full of vigour, i. strength, courage, lustinesse.

a1687 E. Waller Presage Ruin Turkish Empire 20 Bred in the camp, fam'd for his valor young; At sea successful, vigorous, and strong.

a1721 M. Prior Ess. & Dialogues of Dead: Lock & Montaigne in Dialogues of Dead & Other Wks. (1907) 238 We commend a Horse for being Vigorous and Handsom.

a1780 J. Harris Philol. Inq. (1781) ii. xli. 223 I have seen great geniuses miserably err..and, like vigorous travellers, who lose their way, only wander the wider on account of their own strength.

1797 H. Lee Canterbury Tales I. 350 Vigorous in health and youth, to him the water had long been an element almost as familiar and as natural as air.

1844 R. W. Emerson New Eng. Reformers in Ess. 2nd Ser. 298 Men are conservatives when they are least vigorous, or when they are most luxurious. They are conservatives after dinner, or before taking their rest; when they are sick, or aged.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §7. 428 At forty-five he was so vigorous that he made his way to Scotland on foot.

1892 St. G. Mivart Ess. & Crit. I. 161 The life of every healthy and vigorous animal consists mainly in the repetition of actions which have become habitual.

b. So of the body or its parts, health, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > resistant to disease, etc. > of the body or its parts

robust1490

robustious1584

vigorous1618

mettlesome1668

sturdy1861

1618 J. Taylor Pennyles Pilgrimage A iiij b Mithridate, that vigrous health preserues.

1653 J. Taylor Short Relation Long Journey 9 He was more then 80 yeares of Age, yet of a very able body, and vigorous constitution.

1684 Bp. G. Burnet tr. T. More Utopia 131 Their Bodies are vigorous and lively.

1708 London Gaz. No. 4469/4 Thomas Scott,..round fac'd, little vigorous Eyes.

1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 363 The learned finger never need explore Thy vig'rous pulse.

1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab ix. 114 How vigorous then the athletic form of age.

1841 A. Combe Physiol. Digestion (ed. 3) ii. iv. 294 In twenty-five days the dog..was in the enjoyment of vigorous health and strength.

1870 J. R. Macduff Memories of Patmos xiv The strong frame, the vigorous pulse, and undimmed eye.

c. Of plants, etc.: Growing strongly and freely. Also of growth or vegetation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by good growth > [adjective] > strong, vigorous, or plump

strongOE

thriftyc1440

well-brawneda1450

valiant1542

pubble1566

stout1573

corroborate1581

bunting1584

lusty1600

plump1600

vegetous1610

blought1611

boisterous1622

stocky1622

robust1627

steera1642

vegete1655

jollya1661

vigorous1706

well-to-do1852

1706 G. London & H. Wise Retir'd Gard'ner I. ii. 109 Some Trees are weak, others strong and vigorous.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. v. 45 The vigorous vegetation which constantly takes place there.

1783 G. Crabbe Village ii. 33 The tall oak, whose vigorous branches form An ample shade.

1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 237 My strongest and most vigorous plants grow in a bed or bank sloping to the south.

1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 37 In general..the seeds produced by them [are] the largest and most vigorous of growth.

1881 T. Moore in Encycl. Brit. XII. 242/1 Near the base of the stem are two prominent buds, which would produce two vigorous shoots.

d. Marked or characterized by, requiring or involving, physical strength or activity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > of action: involving or requiring vigour

mainc1400

vigorous1524

tooth and naila1535

robust1652

robustic1652

strenuous1671

lusty1672

vigorous1697

1697 K. Chetwood Life Virgil in J. Dryden tr. Virgil Wks. sig. *4 Which Work took up Seven of the most vigorous Years of his Life.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 260. ⁋1 The Time of Youth and vigorous Manhood.

1746 P. Francis tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles i. xviii. 79 While He the vigorous Chace pursues.

1797 E. Burke Third Let. Peace Regicide Directory France 103 I mean..plentiful nourishment to vigorous labour.

1836 J. H. Newman et al. Lyra Apost. 220 The keenness of youth's vigorous day Thrills in each nerve and limb.

1837 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott I. ii. 77 His professional visits to Roxburghshire and Ettrick Forest were, in his vigorous life, very frequent.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxxi. 433 It requires the most vigorous efforts..to tear from the oak ribs..a single day's firewood.

2. Full of, exhibiting, characterized by, vigour or active force; powerful, strong.

a. Of natural agencies or phenomena, substances, etc. Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > full of vigour

freshc1325

moistc1400

vigorous1548

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > of action: involving or requiring vigour > vigorous or intense in operation

strongeOE

smartc1300

steevec1300

keen1340

piercinga1400

perceantc1400

forta1513

incisive1528

vigorous1548

forcible1555

emphatical1581

searching1590

nervous1616

strenuous1632

arrowy1650

intent1650

urging1658

sinewous1663

emphatic1689

drastic1808

needling1839

shrewd1842

gimlet1894

(a)

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. lvii^v He had sayled no great waye before that a vygorous tempest, by reason of contrarietie of wyndes sodeynly arose.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vi. 295 [They] tumbled downe..starke dead, being suffocated with the vigorous Sunne.

1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall xvi. 105 We apply'd a Load-stone moderately vigorous to the out-side of the Glass.

1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (1879) II. 792/1 The air was dark and heavy, for want of that vigorous heat which clears and rarefies it.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 209 At first they [sc. monsoons] are feeble, they afterwards become vigorous.

1909 A. Reid Regality Kirriemuir xxiv. 315 Granted a more vigorous flow of water, the Northmuir need fear no local rival.

(b)a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Oxf. 325 The fat of Venison is conceived to be..of all flesh the most vigourous nourishment.1691 J. Ray Making Salt in Coll. Eng. Words 209 A Rock of Natural Salt from which issues a vigorous sharp Brine.1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 119 The too vig'rous Dose, too fiercely wrought; And added Fury to the Strength it brought. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Elaterium A vigorous Purge,..used in Lethargies.1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. I. 23 Of a more vigorous and high Spirit than the Hereford Cyder.1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 134 The fresh seeds..scattered upon the vigorous soil, took root, and flourished.1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey IV. vi. i. 43 A pint of most vigorous and powerful wine.

b. Of the soul, mind, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > of mind or temperament

heartlyc1425

vigorous1640

robust1766

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > high intelligence, genius > [adjective] > of mind, operations: broad, deep, strong

stronga1393

profounda1450

reachinga1500

ingenious1509

spacious1609

vast1610

vigorous1640

rugged1678

wide1717

broad1832

oceanica1834

in depth1959

1640 I. Walton Life & Death Donne in J. Donne LXXX Serm. C j His mind was liberall, and unwearied in the search of knowledge, with which his vigorous soule is now satisfied.

1797 A. Radcliffe Italian II. vi. 193 His soul became stern and vigorous in despair.

a1843 in R. Southey Common-place Bk. (1849) 2nd Ser. 41/1 Whilst they lay apparently senseless,..their minds were more vigorous..than they had ever been before.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vii. 226 His [Bunyan's] vigorous understanding and his stout English heart.

c. Of immaterial things, qualities, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > of things, qualities, etc.

pithya1400

vive1477

lustful1561

vigorous1637

vivid1650

high-strung1653

buoyantc1661

1637 J. Milton Comus 22 He..Would..Shew me simples of a thousand names Telling their strange, and vigorous faculties.

1662 H. Hibbert Exercitationes Theologicæ 105 in Syntagma Theologicum All the ceremonies, services and sacrifices at that time..through Christ..were vigorous, and for his sake acceptable to God.

1668 J. Owen Nature Indwelling-sin x. 148 Suggestions of the Law of sin,..advantaged by any suitable or vigorous temptation.

1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §3. 2 At a near Distance I have experienced [an object] to make a vigorous and large Appearance.

1758 S. Hayward Seventeen Serm. xvii. 518 Grace may not be always in the same lively exercise; sometimes it appears cool and indifferent, at other times vigorous and lively.

1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. ii. 73 Whose hopes are, therefore, vigorous.

1837 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott I. x. 347 In her case sound sense as well as vigorous ability had unfortunately condescended to an absurd disguise.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 330 Where the opportunities of vigorous intellectual exercise were frequent.

1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 6 So vigorous and minutely penetrating was the quality of his understanding.

d. Of language, etc.: Energetic, forcible, powerful.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > vigour or force > [adjective]

sensiblea1393

eloquent1393

rhetoricc1450

mightya1500

pithy1529

grave1541

pithful1548

weighty1560

sappy1563

emphatical1567

fasta1568

thwacking1567

forceful1571

enforceable1589

energetical1596

eloquious1599

sinewy1600

emphatic1602

sinewed1604

strong1604

tonitruous1606

nervose1645

nervous1663

energetic1674

energic1683

strong1685

cogent1718

lapidary1724

forcible1726

authoritative1749

terse1777

telling1819

vigorous1821

sturdy1822

tonitruant1861

meaty1874

vertebrate1882

energized1887

jawy1898

heavy1970

1821 W. Scott Kenilworth III. xi. 199 Doth your new spirit of chivalry supply no more vigorous ejaculation, when a noble struggle is impending?

1837 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott IV. ii. 40 It contains many vigorous pictures, and splendid verses.

1864 G. O. Trevelyan Competition Wallah vi. 184 A copious fount of vigorous English.

1873 C. M. Davies Unorthodox London (1876) 43 A vigorous hymn was being sung.

a. Of actions, measures, etc.: Characterized by, attended, carried out, or enforced with, vigour or energy.Frequently connoting some degree of boldness or severity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > of action: involving or requiring vigour

mainc1400

vigorous1524

tooth and naila1535

robust1652

robustic1652

strenuous1671

lusty1672

vigorous1697

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > of action: involving or requiring vigour > carried out or proceeding with vigour

stiffc1250

busyc1275

greatc1275

sternc1275

smart?a1400

stark1489

thronga1525

vigorous1524

stout1582

intensive1605

spiritful?1611

warm1627

intense1645

mettlesome1645

spirited1670

mettled1682

sturdy1697

energetic1700

vivid1702

robustful1800

toughish1840

lively1844

full out1920

1524 R. Copland tr. J. de Bourbon Syege Cyte of Rodes in Begynnynge Ordre Knyghtes Hospytallers sig. Cii They had so sharpe and vygorous answere that there was not one mantellet that abode hole an houre.

1679 E. Everard Disc. Protestant Princes 12 [He] did also by his most vigorous Representations..cause his Imperial Majesty..to resolve to arm vigorously.

1702 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 81 The allies made a vigorous attaque on the counterscarpe of Keiserswart.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 52 No Man could expect that the vigorous designs, and enterprizes, undertaken by the Duke, would be pursued with equal resolution, and courage.

1769 E. Burke Corr. (1844) I. 182 Various matters have so dissipated me, as to hinder me from a vigorous pursuit of this object.

1777 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip II I. xiii. 440 This measure..shewed how firmly determined the citizens were to make a vigorous defence.

1845 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 I. i. 33 The Nizam's troops being either unable or unwilling to suppress the insurrection, it became necessary to adopt more vigorous measures.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 556 If in a severe case [of simple meningitis] vigorous treatment is adopted at an early stage of the disease, recovery is by no means hopeless.

b. Of persons, etc.: Acting, or prepared to act, with vigour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective]

sprindeOE

livelyOE

kaskc1300

wightc1300

courageousc1386

wighty14..

wieldya1413

ablec1440

tall of hand1530

sappy1558

energical1565

energetical1585

greenya1586

stout1600

strenuous1602

forceful?1624

actuous1626

vigorous1638

vivid1638

high-spirited1653

hearty1665

actuose1677

living1699

full-blooded1707

executive1708

rugged1731

sousing1735

energic1740

bouncing1743

two-fisted1774

energetic1782

zestful1797

rollicking1801

through-ganging1814

throughgoing1814

slashing1828

high-powered1829

high pressure1834

rip-roaring1834

red-blooded1836

ripsnorting1846

zesty1853

dynamic1856

throbbing1864

goey1875

torpedoic1893

kinky1903

zippy1903

go-at-it1904

punchy1907

up-and-at-'em1909

driving1916

vibranta1929

kinetic1931

zinging1931

high-octane1936

zingy1938

slam-bang1939

balls-to-the-wall1967

balls-out1968

ass-kicking1977

hi-octane1977

1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 115 Having you on my side; and knowing you to be as vigorous a friend of mine, as I am [of you].

1701 W. Penn in Mem. Hist. Soc. Pennsylvania (1870) IX. 44 Be vigorous about my property matters.

1796 E. Burke Let. to Noble Lord 3 To be commended by an able, vigorous, and well informed statesman.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. ix. 323 A vigorous government placed in circumstances of extreme peril.

Compounds

vigorous-growing, vigorous-looking adjs.

ΚΠ

1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 37 When it is wished to have plants of a vigorous-growing species.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 269 A frank, stout, gray-haired, but vigorous-looking man.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	vigorous
释义	vigorousadj. Brit. /ˈvɪɡ(ə)rəs/, U.S. /ˈvɪɡ(ə)rəs/ Forms: Middle English, 1600s vigrous, Middle English vygerous, Middle English–1500s vigerous-, 1600s–1800s poetic vig'rous; Middle English–1500s vygorous (Middle English vygorowse, 1500s vygorouse; Middle English Scottish wygorous), Middle English– vigorous (Middle English vigorows, Scottish wigorus); Middle English, 1500s–1600s vigourous. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman vigrus, vigerous, vigorouse, Old French vigorous, vigourous, vigoros , etc. (modern French vigoureux ), = Provençal vigoros , Spanish vigoroso , Portuguese vigoroso , Italian vigoroso , medieval Latin vigorōsus (Diefenbach): see vigour n. and -ous suffix. 1. a. Of persons or animals: Strong and active in body; endowed with or possessed of physical strength and energy; robust in health or constitution; hardy, lusty, strong.Apparently not in common use during the 15th and 16th cent. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > resistant to disease, etc. strongeOE stalworthc1175 starka1250 stiff1297 stalworthyc1300 vigorousc1330 stoura1350 lustyc1374 marrowya1382 sturdyc1386 crank1398 robust1490 vigorious1502 stalwart1508 hardy1548 robustious1548 of force1577 rustical1583 marrowed1612 rustic1620 robustic1652 solid1741 refractory1843 salted1864 resistant1876 saulteda1879 the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > fresh or vigorous vigorousc1330 frikea1400 freck?a1513 flourishing?1555 flush1604 caller1754 yauld1787 strengthful1830 beany1852 pithsome1864 c1330 Arth. & Merl. 9060 (Kölbing) Herui, þat was vigrous & liȝt, On þe scheld him hit a dint hard. a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 6923 We habbeþ many pryuee foo, Þat..willen fonde to greuen vs, Bot þou þee make vigourous! c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 57 Euer ordeyn þi þoughtes in goodnesse; ȝeld þy seluyn glorious & vygerous. c1400 Promptorium Parvulorum 510/1 Vygorowse, vigorosus, ferox. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 328/1 Vygorouse, vigoreux, vigoreuse. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Vigoureux, vigorous, lustie, liuely, strong. 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Vigorous, full of vigour, i. strength, courage, lustinesse. a1687 E. Waller Presage Ruin Turkish Empire 20 Bred in the camp, fam'd for his valor young; At sea successful, vigorous, and strong. a1721 M. Prior Ess. & Dialogues of Dead: Lock & Montaigne in Dialogues of Dead & Other Wks. (1907) 238 We commend a Horse for being Vigorous and Handsom. a1780 J. Harris Philol. Inq. (1781) ii. xli. 223 I have seen great geniuses miserably err..and, like vigorous travellers, who lose their way, only wander the wider on account of their own strength. 1797 H. Lee Canterbury Tales I. 350 Vigorous in health and youth, to him the water had long been an element almost as familiar and as natural as air. 1844 R. W. Emerson New Eng. Reformers in Ess. 2nd Ser. 298 Men are conservatives when they are least vigorous, or when they are most luxurious. They are conservatives after dinner, or before taking their rest; when they are sick, or aged. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §7. 428 At forty-five he was so vigorous that he made his way to Scotland on foot. 1892 St. G. Mivart Ess. & Crit. I. 161 The life of every healthy and vigorous animal consists mainly in the repetition of actions which have become habitual. b. So of the body or its parts, health, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > resistant to disease, etc. > of the body or its parts robust1490 robustious1584 vigorous1618 mettlesome1668 sturdy1861 1618 J. Taylor Pennyles Pilgrimage A iiij b Mithridate, that vigrous health preserues. 1653 J. Taylor Short Relation Long Journey 9 He was more then 80 yeares of Age, yet of a very able body, and vigorous constitution. 1684 Bp. G. Burnet tr. T. More Utopia 131 Their Bodies are vigorous and lively. 1708 London Gaz. No. 4469/4 Thomas Scott,..round fac'd, little vigorous Eyes. 1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 363 The learned finger never need explore Thy vig'rous pulse. 1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab ix. 114 How vigorous then the athletic form of age. 1841 A. Combe Physiol. Digestion (ed. 3) ii. iv. 294 In twenty-five days the dog..was in the enjoyment of vigorous health and strength. 1870 J. R. Macduff Memories of Patmos xiv The strong frame, the vigorous pulse, and undimmed eye. c. Of plants, etc.: Growing strongly and freely. Also of growth or vegetation. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by good growth > [adjective] > strong, vigorous, or plump strongOE thriftyc1440 well-brawneda1450 valiant1542 pubble1566 stout1573 corroborate1581 bunting1584 lusty1600 plump1600 vegetous1610 blought1611 boisterous1622 stocky1622 robust1627 steera1642 vegete1655 jollya1661 vigorous1706 well-to-do1852 1706 G. London & H. Wise Retir'd Gard'ner I. ii. 109 Some Trees are weak, others strong and vigorous. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. v. 45 The vigorous vegetation which constantly takes place there. 1783 G. Crabbe Village ii. 33 The tall oak, whose vigorous branches form An ample shade. 1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 237 My strongest and most vigorous plants grow in a bed or bank sloping to the south. 1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 37 In general..the seeds produced by them [are] the largest and most vigorous of growth. 1881 T. Moore in Encycl. Brit. XII. 242/1 Near the base of the stem are two prominent buds, which would produce two vigorous shoots. d. Marked or characterized by, requiring or involving, physical strength or activity. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > of action: involving or requiring vigour mainc1400 vigorous1524 tooth and naila1535 robust1652 robustic1652 strenuous1671 lusty1672 vigorous1697 1697 K. Chetwood Life Virgil in J. Dryden tr. Virgil Wks. sig. 4 Which Work took up Seven of the most vigorous Years of his Life. 1711 R. Steele Spectator* No. 260. ⁋1 The Time of Youth and vigorous Manhood. 1746 P. Francis tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles i. xviii. 79 While He the vigorous Chace pursues. 1797 E. Burke Third Let. Peace Regicide Directory France 103 I mean..plentiful nourishment to vigorous labour. 1836 J. H. Newman et al. Lyra Apost. 220 The keenness of youth's vigorous day Thrills in each nerve and limb. 1837 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott I. ii. 77 His professional visits to Roxburghshire and Ettrick Forest were, in his vigorous life, very frequent. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxxi. 433 It requires the most vigorous efforts..to tear from the oak ribs..a single day's firewood. 2. Full of, exhibiting, characterized by, vigour or active force; powerful, strong. a. Of natural agencies or phenomena, substances, etc. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > full of vigour freshc1325 moistc1400 vigorous1548 the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > of action: involving or requiring vigour > vigorous or intense in operation strongeOE smartc1300 steevec1300 keen1340 piercinga1400 perceantc1400 forta1513 incisive1528 vigorous1548 forcible1555 emphatical1581 searching1590 nervous1616 strenuous1632 arrowy1650 intent1650 urging1658 sinewous1663 emphatic1689 drastic1808 needling1839 shrewd1842 gimlet1894 (a) 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. lvii^v He had sayled no great waye before that a vygorous tempest, by reason of contrarietie of wyndes sodeynly arose. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vi. 295 [They] tumbled downe..starke dead, being suffocated with the vigorous Sunne. 1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall xvi. 105 We apply'd a Load-stone moderately vigorous to the out-side of the Glass. 1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (1879) II. 792/1 The air was dark and heavy, for want of that vigorous heat which clears and rarefies it. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 209 At first they [sc. monsoons] are feeble, they afterwards become vigorous. 1909 A. Reid Regality Kirriemuir xxiv. 315 Granted a more vigorous flow of water, the Northmuir need fear no local rival. (b)a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Oxf. 325 The fat of Venison is conceived to be..of all flesh the most vigourous nourishment.1691 J. Ray Making Salt in Coll. Eng. Words 209 A Rock of Natural Salt from which issues a vigorous sharp Brine.1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 119 The too vig'rous Dose, too fiercely wrought; And added Fury to the Strength it brought. View more context for this quotation1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Elaterium A vigorous Purge,..used in Lethargies.1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. I. 23 Of a more vigorous and high Spirit than the Hereford Cyder.1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 134 The fresh seeds..scattered upon the vigorous soil, took root, and flourished.1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey IV. vi. i. 43 A pint of most vigorous and powerful wine. b. Of the soul, mind, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > of mind or temperament heartlyc1425 vigorous1640 robust1766 the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > high intelligence, genius > [adjective] > of mind, operations: broad, deep, strong stronga1393 profounda1450 reachinga1500 ingenious1509 spacious1609 vast1610 vigorous1640 rugged1678 wide1717 broad1832 oceanica1834 in depth1959 1640 I. Walton Life & Death Donne in J. Donne LXXX Serm. C j His mind was liberall, and unwearied in the search of knowledge, with which his vigorous soule is now satisfied. 1797 A. Radcliffe Italian II. vi. 193 His soul became stern and vigorous in despair. a1843 in R. Southey Common-place Bk. (1849) 2nd Ser. 41/1 Whilst they lay apparently senseless,..their minds were more vigorous..than they had ever been before. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vii. 226 His [Bunyan's] vigorous understanding and his stout English heart. c. Of immaterial things, qualities, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > of things, qualities, etc. pithya1400 vive1477 lustful1561 vigorous1637 vivid1650 high-strung1653 buoyantc1661 1637 J. Milton Comus 22 He..Would..Shew me simples of a thousand names Telling their strange, and vigorous faculties. 1662 H. Hibbert Exercitationes Theologicæ 105 in Syntagma Theologicum All the ceremonies, services and sacrifices at that time..through Christ..were vigorous, and for his sake acceptable to God. 1668 J. Owen Nature Indwelling-sin x. 148 Suggestions of the Law of sin,..advantaged by any suitable or vigorous temptation. 1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §3. 2 At a near Distance I have experienced [an object] to make a vigorous and large Appearance. 1758 S. Hayward Seventeen Serm. xvii. 518 Grace may not be always in the same lively exercise; sometimes it appears cool and indifferent, at other times vigorous and lively. 1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. ii. 73 Whose hopes are, therefore, vigorous. 1837 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott I. x. 347 In her case sound sense as well as vigorous ability had unfortunately condescended to an absurd disguise. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 330 Where the opportunities of vigorous intellectual exercise were frequent. 1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 6 So vigorous and minutely penetrating was the quality of his understanding. d. Of language, etc.: Energetic, forcible, powerful. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > vigour or force > [adjective] sensiblea1393 eloquent1393 rhetoricc1450 mightya1500 pithy1529 grave1541 pithful1548 weighty1560 sappy1563 emphatical1567 fasta1568 thwacking1567 forceful1571 enforceable1589 energetical1596 eloquious1599 sinewy1600 emphatic1602 sinewed1604 strong1604 tonitruous1606 nervose1645 nervous1663 energetic1674 energic1683 strong1685 cogent1718 lapidary1724 forcible1726 authoritative1749 terse1777 telling1819 vigorous1821 sturdy1822 tonitruant1861 meaty1874 vertebrate1882 energized1887 jawy1898 heavy1970 1821 W. Scott Kenilworth III. xi. 199 Doth your new spirit of chivalry supply no more vigorous ejaculation, when a noble struggle is impending? 1837 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott IV. ii. 40 It contains many vigorous pictures, and splendid verses. 1864 G. O. Trevelyan Competition Wallah vi. 184 A copious fount of vigorous English. 1873 C. M. Davies Unorthodox London (1876) 43 A vigorous hymn was being sung. 3. a. Of actions, measures, etc.: Characterized by, attended, carried out, or enforced with, vigour or energy.Frequently connoting some degree of boldness or severity. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > of action: involving or requiring vigour mainc1400 vigorous1524 tooth and naila1535 robust1652 robustic1652 strenuous1671 lusty1672 vigorous1697 the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > of action: involving or requiring vigour > carried out or proceeding with vigour stiffc1250 busyc1275 greatc1275 sternc1275 smart?a1400 stark1489 thronga1525 vigorous1524 stout1582 intensive1605 spiritful?1611 warm1627 intense1645 mettlesome1645 spirited1670 mettled1682 sturdy1697 energetic1700 vivid1702 robustful1800 toughish1840 lively1844 full out1920 1524 R. Copland tr. J. de Bourbon Syege Cyte of Rodes in Begynnynge Ordre Knyghtes Hospytallers sig. Cii They had so sharpe and vygorous answere that there was not one mantellet that abode hole an houre. 1679 E. Everard Disc. Protestant Princes 12 [He] did also by his most vigorous Representations..cause his Imperial Majesty..to resolve to arm vigorously. 1702 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 81 The allies made a vigorous attaque on the counterscarpe of Keiserswart. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 52 No Man could expect that the vigorous designs, and enterprizes, undertaken by the Duke, would be pursued with equal resolution, and courage. 1769 E. Burke Corr. (1844) I. 182 Various matters have so dissipated me, as to hinder me from a vigorous pursuit of this object. 1777 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip II I. xiii. 440 This measure..shewed how firmly determined the citizens were to make a vigorous defence. 1845 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 I. i. 33 The Nizam's troops being either unable or unwilling to suppress the insurrection, it became necessary to adopt more vigorous measures. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 556 If in a severe case [of simple meningitis] vigorous treatment is adopted at an early stage of the disease, recovery is by no means hopeless. b. Of persons, etc.: Acting, or prepared to act, with vigour. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] sprindeOE livelyOE kaskc1300 wightc1300 courageousc1386 wighty14.. wieldya1413 ablec1440 tall of hand1530 sappy1558 energical1565 energetical1585 greenya1586 stout1600 strenuous1602 forceful?1624 actuous1626 vigorous1638 vivid1638 high-spirited1653 hearty1665 actuose1677 living1699 full-blooded1707 executive1708 rugged1731 sousing1735 energic1740 bouncing1743 two-fisted1774 energetic1782 zestful1797 rollicking1801 through-ganging1814 throughgoing1814 slashing1828 high-powered1829 high pressure1834 rip-roaring1834 red-blooded1836 ripsnorting1846 zesty1853 dynamic1856 throbbing1864 goey1875 torpedoic1893 kinky1903 zippy1903 go-at-it1904 punchy1907 up-and-at-'em1909 driving1916 vibranta1929 kinetic1931 zinging1931 high-octane1936 zingy1938 slam-bang1939 balls-to-the-wall1967 balls-out1968 ass-kicking1977 hi-octane1977 1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 115 Having you on my side; and knowing you to be as vigorous a friend of mine, as I am [of you]. 1701 W. Penn in Mem. Hist. Soc. Pennsylvania (1870) IX. 44 Be vigorous about my property matters. 1796 E. Burke Let. to Noble Lord 3 To be commended by an able, vigorous, and well informed statesman. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. ix. 323 A vigorous government placed in circumstances of extreme peril. Compounds vigorous-growing, vigorous-looking adjs. ΚΠ 1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 37 When it is wished to have plants of a vigorous-growing species. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 269 A frank, stout, gray-haired, but vigorous-looking man. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.c1330
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