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单词 vice
释义

vicen.1

Brit. /vʌɪs/, U.S. /vaɪs/
Forms: Middle English– vice (Middle English–1500s Scottish wice), Middle English–1500s vyce (Middle English–1500s Scottish wyce); Middle English vise, wise, wisse; Middle English vys, vijs ( vyhs, Scottish vis), 1500s vyss, Scottish wys.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French vice modern French vice, = Provençal vici, Spanish vicio, Portuguese vicio, Italian vizio), < Latin vitium fault, defect, failing, etc.
1.
a. Depravity or corruption of morals; evil, immoral, or wicked habits or conduct; indulgence in degrading pleasures or practices.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > corruption > [noun]
rusteOE
vice1297
corrumpciona1340
infectiona1398
corruptiona1400
foulinga1400
viciousness1440
inquination1447
turpitude1490
intoxicationa1513
pravitya1513
bracery1540
insincerity1548
corruptness1561
sophistication1564
faultiness1571
depravation1577
base-mindedness1582
mangling1585
reprobacy1591
uninnocence1593
vitiosity1603
turkessing1612
reprobancea1616
debauchedness1618
tortuosity1621
depravedness1623
deboistness1628
debauchness1640
depravity1646
corruptedness1648
moral turpitude1660
unprincipledness1792
demoralization1797
erosion1804
miscreancy1804
trituration1832
unwholesomeness1881
ne'er-do-wellism1891
society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > [noun] > immoral conduct or habits
vice1297
viciousness1440
puddlec1520
vitiosity1603
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 4025 Hit is ney vif ȝer þat we abbeþ yliued in such vice, Vor we nadde noȝt to done, & in such delice.
c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 4116 In wham al þe tresor of malice Sal be hidde with alle maner of vice.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 7 Tho was the vertu sett above And vice was put under fote.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 24701 If ani man in vice be cast He mai him draw fra þat last And be þat he was are.
c1400 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iv. xxiv. 70 Vyce destroyeth the myght and the rygour of the sowle.
1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) 18 God.. heryth alle men gladly Wych to hym preye, puryd from vyhs.
a1500 Ratis Raving 3662 Quhen thai tak it our mesour, Thai turne in wys and in arroure.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xi. 46 Fy upon slouth, the nourysher of vyce, Whych unto youth doth often prejudice.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxixv That churche..is replenyshed with theftes, robberies, and all other kynd of vice.
1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 123 As, vertue is to be insued: Ergo, vice is to be eschewed.
1644 J. Milton Of Educ. 5 Instructing them more amply in the knowledge of vertue and the hatred of vice.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 104 It is impossible but that Vice must reign, where People are so ignorant of the commands of God.
1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. ix. 164 Vice is Vice to him who is guilty of it.
1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. iv. 259 In order to avoid vice, says he, men must practise perpetual mortification.
1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) ii. i. 53 Vice cannot fix, and virtue cannot change... For vice must have variety.
1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 406 To exist by beggary or plunder, in idleness and vice.
1873 ‘Ouida’ Pascarèl I. 6 You, who blush for your mirth because your mirth is vice.
b. Personified.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > corruption > [noun] > personified
vicec1420
society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > [noun] > immoral conduct or habits > personified
vicec1420
headmistress1632
c1420 J. Lydgate Assembly of Gods 602 A son of myn bastard, Whos name ys Vyce—he kepeth my vaward.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. iv. 145 Vertue it selfe of vice must pardon beg. View more context for this quotation
1637 J. Milton Comus 26 I hate when vice can bolt her arguments And vertue has no tongue to check her pride.
1739 ‘R. Bull’ tr. F. Dedekind Grobianus 78 Oft in the mingled Scene, I've chanc'd to see A rev'rend Vice, a grey Iniquity.
1757 T. Gray Ode I ii. iii, in Odes 9 Alike they scorn the pomp of tyrant-Power, And coward Vice, that revels in her chains.
1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 106 Vice has such allowance, that her shifts And specious semblances have lost their use.
1813 P. B. Shelley Falsehood & Vice in Queen Mab 11 Where..War's mad fiends the scene environ,..There Vice and Falsehood took their stand.
c. elliptical for vice squad n. at Compounds 2b. slang.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > branch or part of police force > specific
water1552
armed police1787
special police1804
detective force1849
traffic police1883
vice squad1905
drug squad1913
blue force1920
ghost squad1922
flying squad1927
Sweeney1936
morality squad1945
courtesy patrol1961
strike force1961
pussy posse1963
drugs squad1965
vice1967
mobile1971
uniform branch1972
uniform1978
NCIS1991
1967 C. Drummond Death at Furlong Post iv. 42 From his days on Vice Reed remembered the large free-spenders.
1976 New Society 4 Mar. 481/2 A woman they know is a junkie... She proceeds to tell them how she got picked up by the ‘vice’ the night before.
2.
a. A habit or practice of an immoral, degrading, or wicked nature.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > corruption > instance of corruption > [noun]
unthewc897
lastOE
vicea1300
misthewa1325
fault1377
mistetch?c1450
depravity1641
vitiosity1643
cachexy1652
misteach1803
vileness1863
unvirtue1869
society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > [noun] > immoral conduct or habits > a vice or bad habit
unthewc897
miswonea1200
unlawc1225
vicea1300
misthewa1325
mistetch?c1450
bestiality1594
vitiosity1643
misteach1803
unvirtue1869
a1300 Cursor Mundi 23286 Þai..Ne wald noght here bot þair delices, Þat drogh þam vntil oþer vices.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 17 Vor prede makeþ of elmesse zenne, and of uirtues vices.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xix. 308 Þat loue myȝte wexe Amonge þe foure vertues and vices destroye.
1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 205 Als often [as] he is touchid wyth any wyce.
1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 205 Ofte Prayer quynchyth the Pryckynges of vices.
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) i. i. 9 Whan he reccheth not ner taketh hede unto them that repreue hym and his vices.
1545 H. Brinkelow Lamentacyon (new ed.) sig. Aii They sett vp and mayntayne Idolatrye and other innumerable vices and wickednesses.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccclij Such vnaccustomed vices..semed not so muche to be forboden, as shewed.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) v. iii. 161 The Gods are iust, and of our pleasant vices Make instruments to plague vs.
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 4 Nor [to] speak of Persons otherwise, than as the mention of their Virtues or Vices is essential to the work in hand.
1729 W. Law Serious Call ii. 16 How it comes to pass that swearing is so common a vice amongst Christians?
1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xlv. 168 There are degrees in all the private vices.
1818 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) II. ii. 46 An Englishman's worst vice is more human than a Roman's best virtue.
1841 R. W. Emerson Ess. (1905) i. x. 180 The virtues of society are vices of the saint.
1878 J. C. Morison Gibbon 160 Madame de Maintenon,..a woman, cold as ice and pure as snow, was freely charged with the most abhorrent vices.
b. Const. of (the vice in question).
ΚΠ
1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 5967 Þou art falle þan yn þe vyce Of coueytyse, þeft, and auaryce.
a1450 Mirk's Festial 118 Þer may no man fynde a payne, forto poynych dewly þe vyce of vnkyndnes.
c1480 (a1400) Prol. 7 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 1 Thru þe vicis of ydilnes, gret foly.., & vantones.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 111 In vice most vicius he excellis That with the vice of tressone mellis.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iii. ii. 299 How subiect we old men are to this vice of lying. View more context for this quotation
a1637 B. Jonson Under-woods xxxvii. 8 in Wks. (1640) III Not like your Countrie-neighbours, that commit Their vice of loving for a Christmasse fit.
1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will iii. v. 171 The Vertue of Temperance is regarded..as a necessary Means of gratifying the Vice of Covetousness.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 11 The dwarf..doubling all his master's vice of pride, Made answer sharply that she should not know.
c. In horses: A bad habit or trick. Also without article (cf. sense 1).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [noun] > bad habit or trick
vice1717
1717 Dict. Rusticum (ed. 2) (at cited word) Bad Horsemen occasion most of these Vices, by correcting unduely or out of time.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The rider is first cautiously to find whether this Vice proceeds from real stubbornness, or from faintness.
1810 Sporting Mag. 36 154 The horse was warranted sound, free from vice, and not more than three years old.
?1847 T. Brown Man. Mod. Farriery 377 Of all the vices incidental to the horse, shying is one of the worst.
a1901 F. W. H. Myers Human Personality (1903) I. 200 Those defects of stability which in a horse we call vice.
3. A character in a morality play representing one or other vice; hence, a stage jester or buffoon.Very common c1560–1630; now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > performance of jester or comedian > [noun] > jester or comedian
jugglerc1175
foolc1300
jangler1303
fool sagec1330
ribald1340
ape-ward1362
japer1377
sage fool1377
harlotc1390
disporter?a1475
jocular?a1475
joculatora1500
jester?1518
idiot1526
scoffer1530
sporter1531
dizzardc1540
vice1552
antic1564
bauble-bearer1568
scoggin1579
buffoon1584
pleasant1595
zany1596
baladine1599
clown1600
fiddle1600
mimic1601
ape-carrier1615
mime1616
mime-man1631
merry man1648
tomfool1650
pickle-herring1656
badine1670
puddingc1675
merry-andrew1677
mimical1688
Tom Tram1688
Monaghan1689
pickled herring1711
ethologist1727
court-foola1797
Tom1817
mimer1819
fun-maker1835
funny man1839
mimester1846
comic1857
comedian1860
jokesman1882
comique1886
Joey1896
tummler1938
alternative comedian1981
Andrew-
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > part or character > [noun] > specific character
Robin Hood1473
wantonness1507
vice1552
pantaloon1592
iniquity1597
burratinea1637
scaramouch1662
Pierrot1726
gracioso1749
eiron1872
alazon1911
toby1946
1552 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Edward VI (1914) 73 One vyces dagger & a ladle with a bable pendante..deliverid to the Lorde of mysrules foole.
?1553 Respublica (1952) 1 Partes & Names Plaiers Avarice,.. the vice of the plaie.
1573 T. Tusser Points Huswifrie (new ed.) f. 25, in Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) His face made of brasse, like a vice in a game, His iesture like Dauus, whom Terence doth name.
1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 156 He stands at their deuotion, and is but like an Ape, a Parrot, or a Vice in a play, to prate what is prompted or suggested vnto him.
1627 G. Hakewill Apologie iii. i. 151 Luceia a common vice in playes followed the stage and acted thereon an hundred yeares.
1645 J. Milton Colasterion 26 For I had rather..not to have to doe with Clowns and Vices.
1767 ‘Coriat Junior’ Another Traveller! I. 113 Tom was the vice of every comedy, and the punch of every puppet-shew of his time.
1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod iii. ii. 140 (note) I remember to have seen a stage direction for the vice, to lay about him lustily with a great pole.
1886 A. W. Ward Old Eng. Drama (1901) 297 A favourite piece of horse-play in the old miracles and morals, when the Vice belabours the Devil.
in extended use.1565 J. Calfhill Aunswere Treat. Crosse f. 95 When the vice is come from the altare, and the people shall haue no more sport [etc.].
4. Moral fault or defect (without implication of serious wrongdoing); a flaw in character or conduct.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > [noun] > state of having moral defects > moral defect
lackc1200
vice1338
default1340
fault1377
infirmity1382
wallet1528
flaw1586
failing1590
leak1597
delinquency1606
tare?1608
shortcominga1687
1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 106 Sir Henry mad þe fyne, & mad þe mariage. Þe may withouten vice, his weddyng was wele dight.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vi. 355 For hardyment vith foly is vis; Bot hardyment, that mellit is Vith vit, is vorschip ay.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V iii. vi. 152 Yet forgiue me God, that I do brag thus: This your heire of France hath blowne this vice in me.
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 229 Whilest they thinke it enough to be without vice, they fall into that same maine vice to lacke vertues.
1795 W. Paley View Evidences Christianity (ed. 3) II. iii. iv. 337 Contempt prior to examination, is an intellectual vice.
1827 T. B. Macaulay Machiavelli in Ess. (1897) 44 Ferocity and insolence were not among the vices of the national character.
5.
a. A fault, defect, blemish or imperfection, in action or procedure or in the constitution of a thing.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > disfigurement > [noun] > a disfigurement or blemish
tachec1330
vicec1386
flakec1400
plotc1400
offencec1425
defectc1450
disconformity1505
defection1526
blemish1535
fitch1550
blot1578
flaw1604
tainta1616
mulct1632
smitch1638
scarring1816
out1886
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > imperfection > [noun] > an imperfection > defect or fault or flaw > immaterial
default1340
vicec1386
craze1534
crack1570
flaw1586
tincturea1640
mole1644
shortness1644
snag1830
c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 93 He with a manly voys seith this message,..Withouten vice of silable or of lettre.
?a1400 Morte Arth. 911 The vesare, the aventaile,..Voyde with-owttyne vice, with wyndowes of syluer.
c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 100 The londis fatte, or lene, or thicke, or rare, Or drie, or moyst, and not withouten vice.
a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 131 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 303 In salt saler yf þat þou pit Oþer fisshe or flesshe þat men may wyt, Þat is a vyce, as men me telles.
1548 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Anacoluthos, a vice in writyng or speakynge, whan the wordes aunswere not the one to the other.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xxii. 209 The foulest vice in language is to speake barbarously.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iii. xxii. 188 There growes neither bread nor wine in these Ilands, for that the too great fertilitie and the vice of the soile suffers them not to seede.
1700 N. Rowe Ambitious Step-mother Ded. I will engage not to be guilty of the common Vice of Dedications.
1729 G. Shelvocke, Jr. tr. K. Siemienowicz Great Art Artillery iii. 166 The first and most remarkable Vice in Rockets.
1781 J. Moore View Soc. Italy (1790) I. xxxvii. 405 In edifices..capable of sublimity from their bulk the vice of diminishing is not compensated by harmony.
1810 R. Southey in C. C. Southey Life & Corr. R. Southey (1850) III. 274 The vice of the Friend is its roundaboutness.
1854 A. W. Fonblanque in Life & Labours (1874) 513 Tenacity to fopperies and neglect of essentials is the vice of our Service.
1881 W. Armstrong in Nature 8 Sept. 451/1 The vice of the steam-engine lies in its inability to utilise heat of comparatively low grade.
b. A physical defect or blemish; a deformity; a taint, imperfection, or weakness in some part of the system.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun]
lastOE
tachec1330
default1340
vicec1386
want1553
disfigurement1641
c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 99 Myda hadde vnder his longe heres Growynge vpon his heed two asses eres; The which vice he hydde, as he best myghte.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 181 If it so be þat allopucia comeþ of vijs of humouris,..þanne vlcera wole be in þe skyn.
a1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 81 Iuyse of caprifoile þat is called licium availeþ bi itself to al þe vicez of þe mouþe.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 218 Demostenes..laburd so agayn a vice & ane impediment in his mouthe, þat no man myght speke fayrer.
?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Fj, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens Nat that the dyuturnyte indyketh the curacyon, but the vyce of the blode.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Vice of a shorte breath, or winde, apnæa.
1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §41 I perceive I doe anticipate the vices of age. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 117 Launch the Sore: and cut the Head; for till the Core be found, The secret Vice is fed, and gathers Ground.
1743 tr. L. Heister Gen. Syst. Surg. I. ii. 303 Physicians..attribute most Disorders of the Body to some Vice in the Blood.
1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 65 The numerous vices which consist in a disunion or separation in the median line.
1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 104 Vices of conformation are observed in some of these membranes.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam iii. 3 Shall I take a thing so blind, Embrace her as my natural good; Or crush her, like a vice of blood. View more context for this quotation
†c. A spoiled or vitiated condition. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [noun]
vice1398
undisposedness1600
unsoundness1605
vitiosity1647
craziness1664
viciousness1669
disintegrity1861
rattiness1898
spoilage1928
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xvi. vi Mete and wyne ikept in suche a vessel takeþ an horrible sauoure and smelle of þe vice of bras.
6. Viciousness, harmfulness.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [noun]
grievousness1303
noyfulnessa1398
fatality1490
harmfulnessa1586
balefulness1590
illnessc1595
offensiveness1618
disserviceableness1635
injuriousness1649
fatalness1652
noxiousness1655
prejudicialness1655
deleteriousness1758
vice1837
disutility1879
nocuousness1894
disvalue1925
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > quality
loathnessc1175
grievousness1303
malicea1382
noyfulnessa1398
mischievousness1567
harmfulnessa1586
balefulness1590
illnessc1595
hurt1608
hurtfulness1611
mischief1646
noxiousness1655
deleteriousness1758
maleficence1796
vice1837
bale-fire1855
disutility1879
nocuousness1894
disvalue1925
1837 J. C. Maitland Lett. from Madras (1843) 162 The poison..will dry up,..but..will not lose its virtue, or rather its vice.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. v. 325 In fact half the vice of the Slogger's hitting is neutralized, for he dare'nt lunge out freely.

Compounds

C1.
a. With past participles, as vice-bitten, vice-corrupted, vice-created, vice-haunted, vice-polluted, vice-worn; also vice-sick adj.
ΚΠ
1603 S. Harsnett Declar. Popish Impostures 115 For a Devil to be so Vice-haunted as that he should roare at the picture of a Vice burnt in a pece of paper..is a passion exceeding all apprehension.
1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia ii. 56 These our vice-corrupted times.
1735 J. Thomson Greece: 2nd Pt. Liberty 496 Independence stoops the head, To Vice enslav'd, and Vice-created Wants.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison V. xxx. 186 What a paltry creature is a man vice-bitten, and sensible of detected folly.
1777 R. Potter tr. Æschylus Choephoræ in tr. Æschylus Tragedies 337 Rouse, sting, and drive the vice-polluted wretch With brazen scourges tortur'd thro' the city.
a1849 H. Coleridge Ess. & Marginalia (1851) II. 223 He has converted..the over-grown coxcomb boy, into the vice-sick, dispirited debauchee.
1884 ‘E. Lyall’ We Two I. iv. 84 The usual careworn or viceworn faces.
1890 E. Johnson Rise Christendom 104 Many a vice-haunted monk must have gone mad but for this resource.
b. With present participles, as vice-loathing, vice-punishing, vice-rebuking, vice-taming, vice-upbraiding.
ΚΠ
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 318 Vice-loathing Lord, pure Iustice patron strong, Law's life, Rights rule, will he doe any wrong?
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 412 Such vice-vpbraiding obiects: Who..Spares neither mother, brother, kiffe, nor kinne.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Satyre, a Satyre; an Inuectiue, or vice-rebuking Poeme.
1619 A. Newman Pleasures Vision sig. B1 And still, Vice-punishing Authority, He, (outlaw-like) would slight.
1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. O4 Religious Plato, and vice-taming Orpheus.
C2.
a. General attributive, as vice-complexion; also spec. (originally U.S.) with reference to certain crimes, esp. organized prostitution, as vice den, vice racket, vice trade, etc.
ΚΠ
1635 F. Quarles Emblemes ii. x. 102 A Hagg, repair'd with vice-complexion, paint, A Questhouse of complaint.
1903 McClure's Mag. Nov. 89 In New York, Croker has failed signally to maintain vice-bosses whom he appointed.
1915 Sci. Amer. 30 Jan. 98/3 The Puritan conception of life, like that of vice-crusaders, suffragettes, and most crusaders, scorns all trifling with its weighty realities.
1937 Variety 31 Mar. 69/1 Kraus is accused by John S. Sumner, head of the vice society, of permitting strip-teasing in his show.
1938 F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad vii. 78 Lots of the other men in the vice racket..were pulled in and interviewed.
1952 Manch. Guardian Weekly 8 May 3 The relations of one of these with a Chicago vice-syndicate may be merely an unfair reflection on Governor Warren.
1962 Spectator 6 July 12/2 The vicelands of Notting Hill.
1971 It 2 June 1/1 (heading) Vice girls of Princedale Road—the shocking truth!
1975 J. Gores Hammett (1976) v. 37 In a vice raid..police..trailed a group of three boys..to the house of prostitution..and jailed the inmates of the..vice-den.
1976 Billings (Montana) Gaz. 30 June 4- a/1 Suppose that you..prevented vice officers from arresting a drug suspect.
1981 P. O'Donnell Xanadu Talisman v. 100 His wife was..sold into the vice trade.
b. Special combinations.
vice ring n. a group of people criminally involved in organized prostitution.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > group involved in
vice ring1938
1938 F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad xi. 125 I don't think..they were..connected with any vice ring.
1981 C. Scott Heavenly Witch vi. 80 Men in charge of vice rings spread rumours that the converts were paid to testify.
vice squad n. [squad n.1 4c] originally U.S. a police unit concerned with the enforcement of laws relating to prostitution, drug abuse, illegal gambling, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > branch or part of police force > specific
water1552
armed police1787
special police1804
detective force1849
traffic police1883
vice squad1905
drug squad1913
blue force1920
ghost squad1922
flying squad1927
Sweeney1936
morality squad1945
courtesy patrol1961
strike force1961
pussy posse1963
drugs squad1965
vice1967
mobile1971
uniform branch1972
uniform1978
NCIS1991
1905 N.Y. Times 22 June 8/6 Six of Capt. Cottrell's Tenderloin detectives will report to Capt. Egger this noon for duty on the Vice Squad.
1939 Daily Tel. 18 Dec. 8/4 Scotland Yard's vice squad..has been instructed to give special attention to small clubs opened in Soho since the outbreak of war.
1978 L. Heren Growing up on The Times v. 167 The vice squad might have had a beady eye on me, but I was glad to hold his hand.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

vicen.2

Brit. /vʌɪs/, U.S. /vaɪs/
Forms: (Middle English viz, vicz), Middle English–1500s vys (Middle English vijs, 1500s Scottish wys), vyse, Middle English–1500s Scottish wise, 1500s– vise; Middle English–1500s (1800s) vyce (1500s fyce), Middle English– vice.
Etymology: < Old French vis (also modern French), viz, vitz, etc. < Latin vītis vine, with reference to the spiral growth of the tendrils. So Provençal vitz, Italian vite screw.
1.
a. A winding or spiral staircase. Obsolete exc. archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > stairs > [noun] > winding or spiral
vicea1382
turngrece1483
turnpike1516
cochleaa1552
cockle stairs1624
Dutch stairs1649
turnpike stair1730
newel stair1851
newel staircase1859
1334–5 in F. R. Chapman Sacrist Rolls Ely (1907) II. 73 In j serrura empt. pro hostio in le Viz in novo Campanile, ij d.]
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 3 Kings vi. 8 Bi a vice [L. cochlea] þei steȝeden vp in to þe myddel suppyng place, & fro þe myddel in to þe þridde.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 87 He ordeyned games and plaies, and made walles and vices, and oþere strong places.
1435 Contract for Fotheringhay Ch. (1841) 28 In the said stepill shall be a Vice towrnyng, servyng till the said Body, Isles and Qwere.
c1450 Contin. Brut 347 An aungell come doun fro þe stage on high, by a vice, and sette a croune of golde & precious stonez & perles apon þe Kingez hed.
1525 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 244 The byldyng and fynysshynge of the vise of Seynt James's Chirche.
1543 Dunmow Churchw. MS. f. 36 vi. days warke and a half abowt the sowth ile and the vyse off the stepull.
1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck at Spille A Vice to gett up on, or a Winding-stares.
1886 R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. I. 16 A handsome stone vice or spiral staircase.1900 Hope in Yorks. Archæol. Jrnl. 15 334 In the north-east corner is a vice, partly built of glazed bricks.
†b. The case or shaft of a spiral stair. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > stairs > [noun] > winding or spiral > case or shaft of
vice1466
1466 Contract 25 June in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) III. 93 Thei shal make..the Roofe of the vice of the staire. And..shal..fynde alle the bord and tymbre..for the Roof of the vice aforsaid.
1598 Chaucers Dreame in T. Speght Wks. G. Chaucer f. 361v/1 I rise and walkt..Til I a winding staire found And held the vice aye in my hond And vpward softly so can creepe.
†2.
a. A device of the nature of a screw or winch for bending a crossbow or catapult. Hence bow (etc.) of vice. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > archer's weapons > [noun] > bow > crossbow > device for bending crossbow
brakec1380
vicea1400
windas1443
tyllole1489
gaffle1497
rack1513
goat's footc1515
bending1530
crick1530
bender1684
garrot1824
moulinet1846
1371–3 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer 397/10 m. 3 ij. vicz ad tendendum balistas.]
a1400 Coer de L. 3970 Richard bent an arweblast off vys, And schotte it to a tour.
?a1400 Morte Arth. 2424 Thane they beneyde [read bendyde] in burghe bowes of vyse.
c1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. 4227 Awblasteris, and bowis of wise, And al thynge þat mycht mak serwice.
†b. A mechanical contrivance or device by which some piece of apparatus, etc., is worked. Obsolete (common in the 16th cent.).Originally no doubt implying some application of a screw, but in later use employed more loosely and perhaps associated with device n. 7 (cf. vice n.5).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > [noun]
vicea1400
mover1626
primum mobile1663
machine1704
prime mover1795
leader1805
generator1823
energizer1891
a1400 R. Glouc. Chron. (Rolls) II. 780 Man mai..þinche muche wonder hou hij were arerd For nis þer noþer gyn ne vys þat hit myȝte do.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clvi. f. lxxxv Imagys on Horse backe aperyd out of sondrye Placys, and after departyd agayne by meane of sertayne Uyces.
1517 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (new ed.) iii. 15 The little turrets with ymages of golde About was set, whiche with the wynde aye moved, Wyth propre vices.
1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. p. xiii b/1 The vice, or meanes, wherby this Instrumente is opened and shutte agayne.
c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1877) II. 1 He shewed a picture of the resurrection of our Lord made with vices, which putt out his legges of sepulchree..and turned his heade.
1615 T. Overbury et al. New & Choise Characters with Wife (6th impr.) sig. K4 His whole body goes all vpon screwes, and his face is the vice that mooves them.
1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 49 Idolles, and Statues, which artificially are moued by vises & gynnes.
1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico viii. 20 All the power was in the Burgesses, at whose pleasure they were nominated and moved, like wooden Puppets with a Vice.
†c. A clasp or fastening for a hood. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > parts of headgear > [noun] > parts of hood
vicec1440
roundlet1603
liripipe1843
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 510/1 Vice, hood sperynge, spira.
†3.
a. A screw. Obsolete.Not always clearly distinguishable from sense 2b.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > screw
vice1412
vice-nail1488
wrike nail1496
screw1590
screw nail1651
machine screwa1884
1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. 6282 Many vys and many sotyl pyn In þe stede he made aboute goon, Þe crafty lokkes vndoynge euerychon.
c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) iv. xvii. 184 Þe anguishe þat so harde presseth troubel herte, þat it thinketh it is streyned in a pressour shet with a vys.
1450 Fysshynge wyth Angle (1883) 8 [A staff] with a pyke yn þe neþer ende fastnyed with a remevyng vise.
1527 Inventory Goods Henry Fitzroy 18 in Camden Misc. (1855) III A Bedstede of waynscote..well kerved, with vices and garthes to the same.
1551 J. Williams Acct. Monastic Treasures (1836) 73 Paid for viij paier of vices of iron made for the saied seven images.
1551 J. Williams Acct. Monastic Treasures (1836) 76 An other paier of candellstickes..lackinge a vice.
?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxvii. sig. H iij v In his backe prepare a vice or scrue to be fastned in the top of some staffe.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 484 A broad goblet or standing peece there was..with a devise appendant to it, for to be set too and taken off by a vice.
1605 J. Stow Annales (new ed.) 1281 A Pinnace was made by an house Carpenter;..this was made to be taken a-sunder, and set togither with vices.
1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. M4v He is pourtrayed in white stone.., his deske with a vice turning in it, and his bookes vnder it.
b. A screw-press. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for altering dimensions > [noun] > press > screw
vice1633
screw press1659
Jack-in-the-box1801
card press1821
1633 G. Herbert Agony in Temple ii Sinne is that presse and vice, which forceth pain To hunt his cruell food through ev'ry vein.
1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. xxi. 548 Apples were pressed in a mill with a screw or vice.]
c. spec. (See quot. 1875.)
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2716/2 Vyce (Coopering), a gimlet-pointed hand-screw employed to hold up the head while the staves are closed around it.
†4. A tap of a vessel; a screw-stopper. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > other specific types of equipment > [noun] > tap
tapc1050
faucet?a1400
cockc1483
spigot1530
vice1530
water cock1585
quill1611
spicket1888
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > closure for a vessel, tube, etc.
stopple139.
prop1513
vice1530
stopper1667
tank top1862
top1862
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 158 Vne vis,..a vice of a cuppe, or suche lyke.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 284/2 Vyce to putte in a vessell of wyne to drawe the wyne out at, chantepleure.
1564 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 174 One vice of gold enameled, one sylver spone doble gilt.
1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso xlii. lxxv. 356 This tooke the water from the azure skye, From whence, with turning of some cock or vice, Great store of water would mount vp on hye.
1612 Bk. Customs & Valuation in A. Halyburton Ledger (1867) 305 Flagones of glase with vices covered with leather, the dozen, xii li.
1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais in Wks. (1664) i. v. 26 The bottle is stopped and shut up with a stoppel, but the flaggon with a vice.
5.
a. A tool composed of two jaws, opened and closed by means of a screw, which firmly grip and hold a piece of work in position while it is being filed, sawn, or otherwise operated upon; used especially by workers in metal or carpenters. Cf. hand vice n.The spelling vise is now usual only in U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > clutching or gripping equipment > [noun] > clamp > vice
vice1500
1500 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 72 Unum vise et diversa files.
1584 in F. Collins Wills & Admin. Knaresborough Court Rolls (1902) I. 145 All my stiddes,..one vice, all my naile tooles and all my hammers.
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. i. 5 The wider the two ends of the Spring stand asunder, the wider it throws the Chaps of the Vice open.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 321/2 The Vice, called the Bench Vice,..holdeth all sorts of Iron work that requires Fileing.
1745 E. Haywood Female Spectator (1748) No. 10. II. 201 There is no doubt but a pair of globes will make a better figure in their anti-chambers than the vice and wheel.
1797 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 87 258 In this machine the body to be pulled asunder is held fast by two strong vices.
1827 N. Arnott Elements Physics I. 177 It is a screw which draws together the iron jaws of a smith's vice.
1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. xxiii. 195 A long low workshop, filled with benches, and vices, and tools, and straps, and wheels.
1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling xiii. 386 The vice for trout flies is a small brass table vice.
1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 284 For nearly all operations connected with watchmaking either the work or the tool is gripped in the vice.
figurative.a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 (1623) ii. i. 22 If I can close with him, I care not for his thrust... If I but fist him once: if he come but within my Vice [1600 view].1866 B. Taylor Waves in Poems Bound in the vice Of the Arctic ice.1901 Munsey's Mag. 24 803/1 The doctor's hands, picking at the iron vise at his windpipe, grew feebler.
b. Used in similes or comparisons.
ΚΠ
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 61 To secure him with a grasp like that of his own iron vice, was, for the powerful Smith, the work of a single moment.
1846 A. Marsh Father Darcy II. v. 110 Catesby stretched out his hand across the table; took hold of that of his friend, and held it with a grasp as of an iron vice.
1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) I. xii. 363 The jaws of a gigantic vice appear to have closed upon them.
1885 Harper's Mag. Dec. 90/1 The other hand..was crossed upon my breast, and held there as if in a vise.
6. A tool used for drawing lead into grooved rods for lattice windows.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > [noun] > window-making equipment
cradle1538
sprig1674
vice1706
sash cramp1964
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Vice,..an Instrument with two Wheels made use of to draw the Lead in Glazing-work.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) There are some of these Vices double, and that will draw two Leads at once.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 638 A vice, with different cheeks and cutters, to turn out the different kinds of lead as the magnitude of the window or the squares may require.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a. (In sense 1.)
† vice-door n. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of door > [noun] > other types of door
hall-doorc1275
falling doorc1300
stable doorc1330
vice-door1354
hecka1400
lodge-doorc1400
street door1465
gate-doora1500
portal1516
backdoor1530
portal door1532
side door1535
by-door1542
outer door1548
postern door1551
house door1565
fore-door1581
way-door1597
leaf door1600
folding door1611
clap-door1625
balcony-door1635
out-door1646
anteportc1660
screen door1668
frontish-door1703
posticum1704
side entrance1724
sash-door1726
Venetian door1731
oak1780
jib-door1800
trellis?c1800
sporting door1824
ledge-door1825
through door1827
bivalves1832
swing-door1833
tradesmen's entrance1838
ledged door1851
tradesmen's door?1851
fire door1876
storm door1878
shoji1880
fire door1889
Dutch door1890
patio door1900
stable door1900
ledge(d) and brace(d) door1901
suicide door1925
louvre door1953
1354 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 91 In mercede..reparantis serur. et claves del Vicedores in ecclesia.
1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 29 Seynt Marie preest to haue a keye of my cost of the vys dore goyng vp to the candilbem.
1501 in E. Hobhouse Church-wardens' Accts. (1890) 125 A Key..for ye fyce door.
1512–13 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 281 Nayles for þe garnettes on the vyse dore in the steple.
vice-foot n.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > stairs > [noun] > winding or spiral > bottom of
vice-foot1533
1533 in E. Law Hist. Hampton Court Palace (1885) 348 The dore at the vyce fote goyng up to the bartyllmentes of the haull.
b. (In sense 3.)
† vice-candlestick n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1572 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Queen Elizabeth (1908) 176 Vice candlesticks xii, xii s.
1576–7 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Queen Elizabeth (1908) 263 vj vice~candlestickes at xijd the peece, vjs.
vice-hasp n.
ΚΠ
1612 Bk. Customs & Valuation in A. Halyburton Ledger (1867) 332 Vice haspes the dozen, xii s.
vice-nail n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > screw
vice1412
vice-nail1488
wrike nail1496
screw1590
screw nail1651
machine screwa1884
1488–92 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 85 A grete vice nail maid of siluer.
1501 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1900) II. 26 For mending of ane vice nale of the Kingis cowp that was brokin.
vice-pin n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > clutching or gripping equipment > [noun] > clamp > vice > pin of
screw-pin1585
vice-pin1622
1622 F. Markham Five Decades Epist. of Warre i. ix. 34 His screwes, with which he shall unloose euery vice~pinne or engine about the musquet.
a1642 W. Monson Naval Tracts (1704) iii. 353/2 They neither want Vice-Pins nor Scourers.
1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. vii. 28 The Hole for the Vice-pin.
1833 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal II. 145 The vice-pin intended to be screwed..is placed in the stock.
vice-turcas n.
ΚΠ
1549–50 Burgh Rec. Stirling (1887) 58 The gret scheris, ane taingis, ane vice turkes.
c. (In sense 5.)
vice-bench n.
ΚΠ
1850 J. Weale Rudim. Dict. Terms Archit. iv. 504/2 Vice-bench, the bench to which a vice is fixed.
vice-block n.
ΚΠ
1895 Model Steam Engine 94 Vice Blocks.—Of various sizes, shapes, and patterns, used as supports upon which to bend tubes.
vice-board n.
ΚΠ
1808 A. Scott Poems (ed. 2) 140 An' Vulcan loud, wi' squeakin clang, Was at the vice-board rispin Fu' soon that day.
vice-chop n.
ΚΠ
1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. i. sig. Ll3v/3 Mâchoires d'Etau,..Vice-chops, or the Chops of a Vice.
vice-end n.
ΚΠ
1875 J. Lukin Carpentry & Joinery 35 At the left hand or vice-end of the bench.
vice-jaw n.
vice-leg n.
vice-maker n.
ΚΠ
1793 Matthews's New Bristol Directory 1793–4 10 Austin, Aaron, Clock and Vice-maker, Old-market.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Vice-maker, a manufacturer of iron vices.
vice-nip n.
ΚΠ
1904 F. Lynde Grafters xiv. 180 Elinor had said little about the vise-nip of hardship which the stock-smashing would impose upon three unguardianed women.
vice-pin n.
vice-post n.
vice-screw n.
ΚΠ
1833 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal II. 146 A very simple machine used for cutting vice~screws.
C2. Also vice-like adj.2Also vice-cap, vice-clamp, vice-press (Knight, 1875–84).
† vice-arch n. Obsolete (see quot.).
ΚΠ
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 71 Þere were somtyme buldes wiþ vice arches and fontes [v.r. voutes] in þe manere of Rome [L. Romano more cocleata].
vice-hand n. (see quot.; in modern use = vice-man n.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > digit > finger > [noun] > thumb
thumba700
strongc1300
vice-hand1644
pollex1702
thumby1811
thumb-finger1855
1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 76 The Vice-hand or Thumb, extended out with the Eare-Finger.
vice-man n. a workman who manipulates a vice (cf. quots.).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific tools or equipment > [noun] > with other specific tools or equipment
presser1545
stamper1556
blocker1609
benchman1658
engineman1777
squaremanc1790
kettleman1833
vice-man1837
poleman1859
tackle-man1859
ladler1875
sand-blaster?1881
ticket chopper1898
cager1908
gadgeteer1926
paint sprayer1928
1837 W. B. Adams Eng. Pleasure Carriages 179 The business of the vice-man is to file and smooth the work from the rough marks of the hammer, to fit joints, and finish screw-bolts and nuts.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Vice-men, smiths whose work is at the vice instead of the anvil.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† vicen.3

Forms: Also Middle English viis, vijs, wijs, Middle English viys (Middle English uiys, Middle English vyys); Middle English vis, vys(e; Middle English vyce.
Etymology: < Old French vis < Latin vīsum, visus face.
Obsolete.
Face, visage. Common in the first half of the 14th century.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > [noun]
leera700
nebeOE
onseneeOE
wlitec950
anlethOE
nebshaftc1225
snouta1300
facec1300
visage1303
semblantc1315
vicea1325
cheera1350
countenance1393
front1398
fashiona1400
visurec1400
physiognomyc1425
groina1500
faxa1522
favour1525
facies1565
visor1575
complexiona1616
frontispiecea1625
mun1667
phiz1687
mug1708
mazard1725
physiog1791
dial plate1811
fizzog1811
jiba1825
dial1837
figurehead1840
Chevy Chase1859
mooey1859
snoot1861
chivvy1889
clock1899
map1899
mush1902
pan1920
kisser1938
boat1958
boat race1958
punim1965
a1325 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 144 As we..went toward paradys; þus he bot him in þe viis.
1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 104 Vnto þe se side chaced þei Sir Lowys, He durst not abide, no turne Thebald his vis.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18841 His vice [Gött. vijs, Trin. Cambr. viys] sumdel wit rede was blend; On nese and muth was noght at mend.
c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 7733 His vice was red as any fir.
c1450 (c1400) Emaré (1908) 742 Leue we at þe lady, clere of vyce.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

vicen.4

Brit. /vʌɪs/, /vʌɪz/, U.S. /vaɪs/, /vaɪz/
Forms: Also Middle English vyse, 1500s vise, Scottish wice, vyce, 1800s dialect vize.
Etymology: Aphetic < avise, avyse, etc., advice n.
Obsolete exc. dialect.
Counsel; advice.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > [noun]
redeOE
rathec1175
counsel?c1225
governaila1382
advicec1390
advisement1409
visingc1480
vicea1500
manuduction1502
recommending1575
recommendation1585
aread1590
paraenesis1593
consult1654
guidant1691
advisal1765
shauri1874
a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 1909 Mot euery king have this wice in mynd In tyme.
1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer i. f. cccxxvii Nowe thou comest goodly by thyne owne vyse, to comforte me with wordes.
c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) v. 23 Sic senȝeoris tymis our weill this sessone; Vpoun thair vyce war lang to waik.
1881 H. Smith & C. R. Smith Isle of Wight Words 40 Vice, or Vize, advice.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† vicen.5

Forms: Also Middle English vyce, 1500s vyse.
Etymology: Aphetic < device n.
Obsolete.
Design, figure, device.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun]
device1399
vicea1400
work?a1475
pattern1581
sleight1590
figure1609
design1670
wile1849
patterning1860
key band1881
maggot1925
a1400–50 Alexander 1539 A vesture of vyce of vyolet flourez.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) 180 On the fourth head, on the helmet crest There was a stremer ryght white,..Wheron was written with vyse of the best, My name is Variaunce.
a1650 Sir Lambewell 116 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 148 In that pauillion was a bed of price that was couered ore with goodlie vice.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

vicen.6

Brit. /vʌɪs/, U.S. /vaɪs/, Scottish English /vʌis/
Etymology: < Latin vice, ablative of vicis (genitive singular), change, turn, stead, place, etc.
Chiefly Scottish.
1. Stead or place (of another). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [noun] > another's place
vice1598
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Vece, stead, place, liew, vice, standing for another.
a1609 A. Hume Poems (1902) 178 If suche a man, then, indewed with so gryte giftis, did so; who ar ye litle ones to succede wittinglie in his vice?
1672 Burgh Rec. Aberdeen (1872) 283 Nominating and setleing ane postmaster..in the deceist John Wells his vice.
1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. i. xix. §55. 397 Succeeding in the vice is a kind of intrusion, whereby after warning any person comes in possession, by consent of the parties warned.
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 1027 The person succeeding in the vice..will be subjected as an intruder, unless he have a colourable title of possession to protect him.
1868 Act 31 & 32 Vic. c. 101 §105 The mediate over superior, as acting in the vice of such superior.
†2. Turn (of sequence or alternation). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > frequency > [noun] > recurrence > turn
charec1000
lotc1175
throwc1275
tourc1320
wheel1422
turnc1425
tourney1523
course1530
vice1637
rubbera1643
rote1831
whet1849
journey1884
1637–50 J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (Wodrow Soc.) 356 It was Mr Thomas Sydserf his vice to have sermon that day in the Grayfrier kirk.
1672 Burgh Rec. Aberdeen (1872) 279 Ane..watch of the inhabitants [to] be setled,..and no person to be absent in their vice without sicknes..or vther lawfull excuse.
1711 Burgh Rec. Aberdeen (1872) 344 That the saids elementarians..be taught for this vice be Mr. William Mestone.
1775 L. Shaw Hist. Moray 357 After this, the Family of Seafort claimed a Vice [of nomination].
1793 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. VII. 34 Messrs. Alexander Hamilton..and Cunningham of Sea-bank are vice-patrons [of the parish]. The former has the next vice.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

vicen.7

Brit. /vʌɪs/, U.S. /vaɪs/
Forms: Also 1500s vise.
Etymology: Absolute use of vice- prefix.
One who acts in the place of another; a substitute or deputy. Also prefixed by Mr. as a form of address to a vice-chairman or vice-president. In modern use the second element is usually implied or expressed in the context, as in quot. 1853.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [noun] > a substitute
changec1460
supplier1491
quid pro quo?1535
supply1567
vicegerent1583
substitute1589
vice1597
succedane1601
surrogate1644
succedaneum1651
succedaneum1662
vicar1676
superseder?1774
supersessor1810
locum tenens1814
supplial1837
remplaçant1850
fill-in1918
Stepney1928
stand-in1933
substituter1956
society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > deputy or representative of person in authority
lieutenant1387
secondarya1616
adjoint1645
vice1894
1597 G. Harvey Trimming T. Nashe in Wks. (1885) III. 17 The Barbers were serued and they cut them, and were as Ioues Vises to make them fit for warre.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Deputy Deputy is also frequently used among us, for an Office, or Employ, not a Dignity; and stands indifferently for a Vice, or Lieutenant.
1811 A. de Beauclerc Ora & Juliet II. 180 Lord Berlington offered himself as Henry's Vice, to conduct the other end of the table.
1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) v. iii. 163 The few..shall fawn Round a barbarian Vice of Kings' Vice-gerent.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House x. 92 He solaces his imagination, too, by thinking of the many Chancellors and Vices, and Masters of the Rolls, who are deceased.
1889 F. E. Gretton Memory's Harkback 140 It was indirectly a proof of the estimation in which the Vice [= Vice-Chancellor] was held.
1894 G. Du Maurier Trilby II. 102 A table..at one end of which sits Mr. Chairman..and at the other ‘Mr. Vice’.
1916 M. Diver Desmond's Daughter ii. iii. 61 The President at the far end of the table had lifted his glass. ‘Mr Vice—the Queen,’ said he.
1976 T. Jeal Until Colours Fade xxxvii. 325 The president of the mess rose..and brought down his silver mallet. ‘Mr Vice, the Queen,’ that officer said, addressing the vice-president at the opposite end of the table.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

vicev.1

Brit. /vʌɪs/, U.S. /vaɪs/
Etymology: < vice n.2
†1. transitive. To fix on with a screw. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > fastening > fasten [verb (transitive)] > with screws
vice1542
screw?1597
to worm in1605
to screw down1683
tap1869
coach-screw1874
1542 in Archæol. Jrnl. 18 144 Item oone Cuppe of glasse with a cover, the fote being of silver and gilt and viced on.
2. To force, strain, or press hard as by the use of a vice; to fix, jam, or squeeze tightly.In early use only in highly figurative context.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)]
thrutchc888
distrainc1381
thrust1382
pressc1390
compressc1400
thresta1425
bruisec1465
thrumble1513
squize1548
squiss1558
scruze1590
squeeze1601
vice1602
squish1647
birzea1774
squeege1787
appress1789
squidge1881
punch1903
mash1930
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge ii. ii. sig. D I see false suspect Is vicde; wrung hardly in a vertuous heart.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) i. ii. 416 He sweares, As he had seen't, or beene an Instrument To vice you to't, that you haue toucht his Queene Forbiddenly. View more context for this quotation
1637 N. Whiting Le Hore di Recreatione 12 Who viceth honour, lyes.
1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. vi. 131 You find yourself suddenly viced in, from the shoulder to the hip.
1849 T. De Quincey Vision Sudden Death in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 748 The coachman's hand was viced between his upper and lower thigh.
1858 T. De Quincey Aelius Lamia in Select. Grave & Gay X. 306 The glory may envelop one in a voluminous robe,..or may pinch and vice one's arms into that succinct garment [a spencer].
3. intransitive. To employ or apply a vice. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (intransitive)] > other tools or equipment
filec1230
to blow the bellowsc1440
pump1508
vice1612
plane1678
shovel1685
turn1796
brake1862
pestle1866
chisel1873
roll1881
slice1893
leverage1937
monkeywrench1993
1612 S. Sturtevant Metallica xiii. 96 Pressing or impressioning of things is performed..Secondly, by screwing or viceing.

Derivatives

ˈvicing n.
ΚΠ
1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Een vijsinge, a Vicing, or a Screwing.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† vicev.2

Forms: Also wyce.
Etymology: apparently < Old French vicier, medieval Latin viciāre, Latin vitiāre to spoil, vitiate, but with change of meaning.
Scottish. Obsolete.
transitive. To treat arrogantly or oppressively. For the explanation of walentyne see volentine n.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > oppression > oppress [verb (transitive)]
ofsiteOE
forthringOE
overlayOE
ofsetOE
to tread down, under foot, in the mire, to the ground, to piecesc1175
overseta1200
defoulc1300
oppressa1382
overpressa1382
overchargec1390
overleadc1390
overliea1393
thringa1400
overcarkc1400
to grind the faces (occasionally face) ofa1425
press?a1425
downthringc1430
vicea1525
tread1526
to hold (also keep, bring, put) one's nose to the grindstonea1533
tyrannizea1533
wring1550
downpress1579
bepress1591
defoil1601
ingrate1604
crush1611
grinda1626
macerate1637
trample1646
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 918 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 123 Thus wycit [1568 Bannatyne vicut] he ye walentyne thraly & thrawin That all ye fowlis..plenȝeit to natur.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

viceprep.

Brit. /vʌɪs/, /ˈvʌɪsiː/, U.S. /vaɪs/, /ˈvaɪsi/
Etymology: < Latin vice: see vice n.6
In place of; in succession to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > in place of [preposition]
in (the) lieu ofc1290
in the stead ofa1325
stead of14..
in the way ofa1475
in the room of1526
in (the) place of1533
in the roomth of1565
instead1667
vice1770
1770 Scots Mag. Jan. 55/1 6th reg. of foot: Capt. Mathew Derenzy to be Major, vice John Forrest; by purchase.
1787 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 1015/1 The Lieutenant-Governor has appointed..James Miller..Lieutenant of the said fort, vice Frederic Gottsched, who is gone to Hallifax.
1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life (ed. 4) iii. 47 A jarring bat;—a right-hand bat for a left-handed player;—a hat, vice stumps.
1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxii. 208 He was gardener and out-door man, vice Upton, resigned.
1886 C. E. Pascoe London of To-day (ed. 3) xi. 111 It was..soon afterwards reorganized, with Mr. Randegger, vice Mr. Leslie, as conductor.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

> see also

also refers to : vice-prefix
<
n.11297n.21354n.3a1325n.4a1500n.5a1400n.61598n.71597v.11542v.2a1525prep.1770
see also
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