† villainsadj.

Forms: α. Middle English vyleyn(y)s, vileins, Middle English vileyns (Middle English vileynes-); Middle English vilains-, Middle English velaynes-, Middle English vilayn(e)s-, vylayn(e)s, vyllayns, villaynis. β. Middle English vylens, vilens (Middle English vylenis, vilenis, vylence, velens-); Middle English vilans (Middle English velans, vilance-), Middle English–1500s vylans, Scottish welan(y)s, willans, 1500s villanes; Middle English uelonis, vilonis-, vilonys-, vyloyns-.

Etymology: < Old French vileins, vilains (nominative singular masculine) < popular Latin *villānus : see villain n., villain adj.

Obsolete.

= villain adj., villainous adj.

a. Of actions, speech, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [adjective] > base or vile > specifically of actions, conduct, etc.

vilec1290

villains1303

villain1340

base?1518

vild1568

slavish1597

grovelling1608

unworthy1694

α.

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 1555 Many tyme a vyleynys [v.r. vylens] wurde Gadryþ foule þouþ to hurde.

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 1847 For þat yche vyleyns synne, Ys here body partyd a-twynne.

c1386 G. Chaucer Melibeus (Cambr.) ⁋46 He dede neuere synne ne neuere cam there a vileyns word out of his mouth.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iii. 97 For a man ought not to demande ner doo to be doon to his frende no vyllayns thynge that ought to be kept secrete.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 109 Quha euer strykis with wappin or othir villaynis manȝe.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin ii. 26 Thow..haste putte oure frendes to so vileyns deth.

β. c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 4412 Bot other þat wille noght do his rede Sal be done to vilans dede.a1400–50 Alexander 4164 He..Come to a velans vale þare was a vile cheele.a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 25 With gret uelonis wordes, dispraising hym.c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 236 & at þe laste he sulde hafe a vylans dead.a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 97 He seid vilens wordis ageyn þe seint.1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xxxiv. 48 He that dyde otherwyse, shulde be reputed as an euyll doer, and for a vylans dede.c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 527 Voidis me noght of vitius, ne vilans of tunge.

b. Of persons.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > villainy > villain > [adjective]

villain1340

villains1390

glutton1532

villainous1570

miscreantic1793

society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [adjective] > base or vile

low?c1225

lechera1300

vilea1300

feeblea1325

unfreec1330

villain1340

wrackc1375

villains1390

noughty1443

slovenly?1518

peasant1550

sluttish1561

vild1567

knaifatic1568

scallardc1575

base1576

tinkerly?1576

beggarly?1577

cullion-like1591

brokerly1592

broking1592

ignoble1592

cullionly1608

disnoble1609

unsolid1731

lowly1740

blackguard1751

blackguardly1779

menial1837

low-flung1841

caddish1868

basilar1884

bounding1904

bounderish1928

society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > [adjective] > extremely wicked > villainous

villain1340

villains1390

glutton1532

villainous1570

miscreant1593

miscreantic1793

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 28 Rome..laste so Long time amonges the Romeins Til thei become so vileins [etc.].

c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 104 Man ys hardy as a lyon,..vyleyns and boystous as asse, rebell as a rambe.

c1407 J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte 3800 A cowarde and of no renoun, And vileyns of condicion.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. xxii. 450 He is the moost coward and the vylaynst kyng and knyght that is now lyuyng.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vi. 102 Yef he be fool, or fell, or vilenis, ye owe better to suffre hym than eny other.

1556 J. Olde tr. R. Gwalther Antichrist f. 92 Their regestres were neuer ful ynough of such myscheuous villanes popes.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	villains
释义	† villainsadj. Forms: α. Middle English vyleyn(y)s, vileins, Middle English vileyns (Middle English vileynes-); Middle English vilains-, Middle English velaynes-, Middle English vilayn(e)s-, vylayn(e)s, vyllayns, villaynis. β. Middle English vylens, vilens (Middle English vylenis, vilenis, vylence, velens-); Middle English vilans (Middle English velans, vilance-), Middle English–1500s vylans, Scottish welan(y)s, willans, 1500s villanes; Middle English uelonis, vilonis-, vilonys-, vyloyns-. Etymology: < Old French vileins, vilains (nominative singular masculine) < popular Latin villānus : see villain n., villain adj. Obsolete. = villain adj., villainous adj. a. Of actions, speech, etc. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [adjective] > base or vile > specifically of actions, conduct, etc. vilec1290 villains1303 villain1340 base?1518 vild1568 slavish1597 grovelling1608 unworthy1694 α. 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne* 1555 Many tyme a vyleynys [v.r. vylens] wurde Gadryþ foule þouþ to hurde. 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 1847 For þat yche vyleyns synne, Ys here body partyd a-twynne. c1386 G. Chaucer Melibeus (Cambr.) ⁋46 He dede neuere synne ne neuere cam there a vileyns word out of his mouth. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iii. 97 For a man ought not to demande ner doo to be doon to his frende no vyllayns thynge that ought to be kept secrete. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 109 Quha euer strykis with wappin or othir villaynis manȝe. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin ii. 26 Thow..haste putte oure frendes to so vileyns deth. β. c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 4412 Bot other þat wille noght do his rede Sal be done to vilans dede.a1400–50 Alexander 4164 He..Come to a velans vale þare was a vile cheele.a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 25 With gret uelonis wordes, dispraising hym.c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 236 & at þe laste he sulde hafe a vylans dead.a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 97 He seid vilens wordis ageyn þe seint.1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xxxiv. 48 He that dyde otherwyse, shulde be reputed as an euyll doer, and for a vylans dede.c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 527 Voidis me noght of vitius, ne vilans of tunge. b. Of persons. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > villainy > villain > [adjective] villain1340 villains1390 glutton1532 villainous1570 miscreantic1793 society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [adjective] > base or vile low?c1225 lechera1300 vilea1300 feeblea1325 unfreec1330 villain1340 wrackc1375 villains1390 noughty1443 slovenly?1518 peasant1550 sluttish1561 vild1567 knaifatic1568 scallardc1575 base1576 tinkerly?1576 beggarly?1577 cullion-like1591 brokerly1592 broking1592 ignoble1592 cullionly1608 disnoble1609 unsolid1731 lowly1740 blackguard1751 blackguardly1779 menial1837 low-flung1841 caddish1868 basilar1884 bounding1904 bounderish1928 society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > [adjective] > extremely wicked > villainous villain1340 villains1390 glutton1532 villainous1570 miscreant1593 miscreantic1793 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 28 Rome..laste so Long time amonges the Romeins Til thei become so vileins [etc.]. c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 104 Man ys hardy as a lyon,..vyleyns and boystous as asse, rebell as a rambe. c1407 J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte 3800 A cowarde and of no renoun, And vileyns of condicion. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. xxii. 450 He is the moost coward and the vylaynst kyng and knyght that is now lyuyng. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vi. 102 Yef he be fool, or fell, or vilenis, ye owe better to suffre hym than eny other. 1556 J. Olde tr. R. Gwalther Antichrist f. 92 Their regestres were neuer ful ynough of such myscheuous villanes popes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < adj.1303
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