请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 -like
释义

-likesuffix

Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element and vowels may be reduced accordingly, e.g. skinny-like Brit. /ˈskɪnɪlʌɪk/, U.S. /ˈskɪniˌlaɪk/.
Forms: Middle English -lyk, Middle English–1500s -lyke, Middle English– -like; Scottish pre-1700 -leik, pre-1700 -lik, pre-1700 -lyk, pre-1700 1700s -lyke, pre-1700 1700s– -like, 1800s– -laek (Shetland).
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: like adj.; like adv.
Etymology: Partly (when forming adjectives) < like adj., and partly (when forming adverbs) < like adv. Compare earlier -ly suffix1 and -ly suffix2.Attested from the 15th cent. in Middle English (forming adverbs in e.g. workmanlike adv.; forming adjectives in e.g. circle-like adj. at circle n. Compounds 1b), and also in Older Scots at a similar date (compare early quots. at e.g. body-like adv. and warlike adj.). Compare earlier Middle English (chiefly northern) formations with -lik , variant of -ly suffix1 and -like , variant of -ly suffix2; at an early date, these are particularly common in adverbs in the Ormulum (compare discussion at -ly suffix2) and in the early Middle English Gen. & Exod. (compare e.g. modilike at moodily adv. Forms). For many formations in -like , both adjectives and adverbs, there are parallel formations in -ly suffix1 or -ly suffix2, which are often of similar date or earlier. These typically differ in sense to various degrees, but there is often some semantic overlap. Early examples of such pairs are knightlike adv. and knightly adv., womanlike adj. and womanly adj. In these cases, 15th-cent. forms in -lik , -like are taken to show -like suffix, unless this would pose semantic or other problems. In some cases, especially in northern and Scots use, -like suffix may have arisen as a reinterpretation of such forms as showing like adj. or like adv. Early formations in -like suffix without a parallel in -ly include moonlike adj., angel-like adj., and angel-like adv. Early formations are commonly written as a single word, as is still the case with some established formations (e.g. lordlike, nymphlike), but recent formations are typically hyphenated.
Forming adjectives and adverbs from nouns and (less commonly) adjectives.
1. With nouns.
a. Forming adjectives with the sense ‘similar to or of the nature of —’, ‘characteristic of or befitting —’.Frequently also in formations prefixed with un-, as ungentlemanlike, unofficerlike, unwarlike, etc.: see un- prefix1 1c.Formations are now almost limitless in number with the suffix applied freely to both common and proper nouns as well as noun compounds and phrases, often on an occasional or ad hoc basis (e.g. quot. 1848, which illustrates one of more than sixty similar formations in the cited work; similarly the Oxford English Corpus contains more than 100,000 different formations of this type since 2000).
ΚΠ
a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 43 Make round-lyke Fretourys..þat ben y-clepid Ragons.
c1480 (a1400) St. Mary of Egypt 29 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 297 For sa ennornyt þat man was in monklyke vorke, vord, & dede,..þat [etc.].
1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie xliv. sig. Yiiiv Knauish deeds, by knauelyke knauery.
1603 T. Dekker et al. Patient Grissill sig. A2v Then can you blame me to be hunter like, When I must get a wife?
1604 R. Dallington View of Fraunce sig. S3v Making Hidalgo-like Rhodomontades.
1607 R. C. tr. H. Estienne World of Wonders 188 The testimonies which themselues giue of their Sardanaple-like sobriety.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 75/2 The sleepy Night-shade hath a Sage-like leaf, with a purple Bell-flower.
1705 Diverting Post 19 May (single sheet) Priapus, who scares the Wild-Fowls, And Rules with a far more Scepter-like Rod.
?1711 J. Petiver Gazophylacii IX. Table 84 A scandent Plant with long opposite Leaves, and a Melon-like Root.
1748 S. Richardson Clarissa III. vi. 54 On her charming arms a pair of black velvet glove-like muffs of her own invention.
1823 in Spirit of Public Jrnls. 151 The professor thought this conduct extremely rude and ungoldsmithlike.
1824 J. C. Loudon Green-house Compan. ii. 38 Their leaves and habits are so salad- and kitchen-garden-like, that we cannot recommend them.
1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 758/1 He gave an Egan-like description of a pugilistic encounter.
1848 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 207 And sware athwart the cross to make all souls Believe alike in clockworklike content.
1857 E. FitzGerald Lett. (1889) I. 263 June over! A thing I think of with Omar-like sorrow.
1858 W. Aitken Handbk. Sci. & Pract. Med. ii. 630 If..[the noise] is that of a friction murmur, soft and bellows-like.
1901 Academy 13 July 29/2 Strong, cudgel-like Anglo-Saxon words.
1947 Times 8 July 4/4 Reports that dish-like objects, nicknamed ‘flying saucers’, have been seen travelling through the air at great speed.
1973 N. Freedman Joshua 104 Why had no one listened to that national committeeman..who cried Cassandra-like warnings with the voice of a thousand years?
2007 A. H. V. Shapira et al. Neurology & Clin. Neuroscience xviii. 229/1 The prevalence of schizophrenia-like symptoms is increased with traumatic brain injury.
b. Forming adverbs with the sense ‘in or after the manner of —’, ‘so as to resemble —’.In modern English adverbial formations are far less common than the adjectival ones covered in sense 1a. These adverbs are now typically employed to characterize the subject of the clause rather than to indicate the manner of an action and in many cases might be taken as adjectives used parenthetically; often the adverbial use represents only a functional shift in an existing adjective (see, e.g., girl-like adj. and adv. at girl n. Derivatives, ogre-like adj. and adv., pard-like adj. and adv. at pard n.1 Derivatives). Cf. sense 2b.
ΚΠ
a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 9759 The sowle pryncypally Susteneth & bereth the body; And parcel-lyk..The body bereth by accident The sowle.
1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. vi. sig. G.ii Euerye bodie layes him downe dronckarde-like to reste his water bolne bealy.
1564 W. Bullein Dialogue against Fever Pestilence f. 60 This is a comelie parlour, very netlie and trimlie apparrelled, London like.
1576 G. Gascoigne Complaynt of Phylomene in Steele Glas sig. N.iijv She..drest hir Bacchus like.
1624 D. Cawdrey Humilitie Saints Liverie 39 How vainely and garishly (popingaye-like) are our men and women attired?
1644 T. Juxon Jrnl. (1999) 55 Having tyrannised, Bashaw-like, and raised a great army of horse and foot..he approached them.
1646 R. Overton Ordinance for Tythes Dismounted 2 Down upon thy knees, up with thy hands, and gloor (Presbyter-like) with thine eyes, admiring and adoring this happy Reformation.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 278 How..coward-like they behav'd.
1751 J. Brown Ess. Characteristics 364 Who..hath chastised the noble writer somewhat roughly, and Aristarchus-like.
1826 T. Hood Last Man in Whims & Oddities 29 To see him lording so braggart-like.
1871 R. Browning Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau 8 Only continue patient while I throw, Delver-like, spadeful after spadeful up.
1916 Outlook 22 Nov. 672/2 An attendant in the middle of the play would come forward to aid a dancer to emerge, chrysalis-like, from a somber surcoat into a butterfly robe.
1964 J. Jeffers Ranch Wife i. 2 One day I would be quite taken by the idea of living in the forest, Hiawatha-like, hunting deer and catching fish.
2000 S. Heighton Shadow Boxer ii. ii. 150 A fat, wry-faced bum..sitting Buddha-like in the alcove of a cash machine.
2. With adjectives. Originally and frequently Scottish. Now colloquial.In later colloquial use, probably influenced by like adv. 6a.
a. Forming adjectives with the sense ‘resembling, or characteristic of, a person who or thing which is —; having the appearance of being —’. In Scottish and in later colloquial use typically describing a person's apparent characteristics, qualities, mood, etc.
ΚΠ
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 210 ‘Allace,’ he said, ‘the warld is contrar-lik!’
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vi. l. 694 Schir Rawff Gray saw at thai war Sotheron leik.
1573 R. Lever Arte of Reason iv. xviii. 191 The reasons gathered of them are coniecturall, and prognosticallike, as oft false as true.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1355/1 Of countenance amiable, and complexion English like.
1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 182 Twas not sillines he saw, that made that innocent-like fashion shew in me.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vi. 264 Wee found twelue Venerable like Turkes, ready to receiue vs.
1652 D. Brown Naked Woman 6 A speciall means to move both that strange-like woman, and such others as be guiltie.
1678 T. Jones Of Heart & Soveraign 522 Our Romanists..are so restrain'd, and Vncatholick, and Jewish-like, in the bounds of their Church, which they so confine to Rome.
1698 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 247 And so [they] came out of the Convulsive-like Motions, lying as it had been in a Sound.
1724 A. Ramsay Vision in Ever Green I. iv A man..Richt auld lyke, and bauld lyke.
1789 A. Wilson Let. 10 Nov. in Poems & Lit. Prose (1876) I. 48 John's grim-like smile.
1824 J. C. Loudon Green-house Compan. ii. 15 A low herbaceous-like shrub.
1827 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxxiii, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 899 I think Peter's lookin' auld-like.
1845 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 2) 287 Their sublime-like beauty.
a1854 Ld. Cockburn Memorials (1856) ii. 110 It was a low square-like room.
1863 W. Aitken Sci. & Pract. Med. (ed. 2) II. iii. 851 A gluey-like material.
1909 A. H. Adams Galahad Jones x. 208 I'd be useful-like to keep a look out.
1937 M. E. C. Scott Barbara Prospers 214 Her bein' shaky-like.
1953 ‘N. Blake’ Dreadful Hollow 38 We have a stronger parson now—more active-like.
2005 J. MacGregor Sunday Money iv. 85 Always real skinny-like, he's a stick figure now, whittled thin as a picket.
b. Forming adverbs with the sense ‘in a — manner; with the appearance of being —’. Chiefly in contexts where the word might be taken as an adjective used parenthetically to modify the subject of the clause; cf. sense 1b.
ΚΠ
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 577 All his four men bar thaim quietlik.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke f. 154v With suche pompe as this, triumphaunt lyke, and with such a trayne about him, did the Lord Iesus goe vnto Hierusalem.
1594 Warres Cyrus 1646 The Goddesse turnde her face, offending-like, frowning with angrie brows.
1641 A. Mervyn Speech to Lords 5 To allow these to be Synonyma's of Parliament, and to disallow Judicature, were but, Jewish-like, to say, All haile king of the Jewes, and in the meane time, Crucifie him.
1681 P. Rycaut tr. B. Gracián y Morales Critick 182 You, Phrygian, or inconsiderate like, replied Critilo, propound late Remedies.
1682 Songs & Ball. (Percy Soc.) 126 When thundering like we strike about.
1785 H. Arnot Coll. Trials Scotl. 158 They were speaking French together angry like.
1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick cviii. 525 I'm a sort of strange-thoughted sometimes, they say; but that's only haphazard-like.
1895 A. A. Grace Maoriland Stories 105 I suppose you won't care to stop the night with a chap, friendly-like.
1907 W. H. Koebel Return of Joe 50 Things seemed panning out so strange-like.
1967 Observer 10 Sept. 17/3 I went out with her, but all the coloured girls began to look at me weird-like: I had to pack it up quick.
2001 C. Glazebrook Madolescents 191 ‘Erm, not sure,’ I say, cagey-like.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
suffixa1450
随便看

 

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2025/1/30 13:29:46