vertebran.

Brit.

/ˈvəːtᵻbrə/, U.S.

/ˈvərdəbrə/

Forms: Plural vertebræ

/ˈvɜːtɪbriː/; also 1600s–1700s vertebras.

Etymology: < Latin vertebra joint, joint of the spine, < vertĕre to turn. Hence Italian vertebra , Spanish vertebra , Portuguese vertebra , French vertèbre : compare vertebre n.

a. Anatomy and Zoology. One or other of the joints composing the spinal column in man or other vertebrate animals; any segment of the backbone.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [noun] > vertebra of

spondylec1400

whirl-bonec1400

vertebre1578

rowel1586

rack1615

rack-bone1615

vertebra1615

verticle1658

segment1846

α.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 930 The vertebra in the middest receiueth that spondell which is aboue it.

1634 A. Read Σωματογραϕία Ανθρωπίνη C vj/1 The transvers processe of the first vertebra.

a1728 J. Woodward Attempt Nat. Hist. Fossils Eng. (1729) ii. 82 A large Vertebra of a Fish.

1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 367 The Thoracic Duct or canal runs..as far as the fifth vertebra of the back.

1788 Encycl. Brit. I. 726 The œsophagus..terminates in the stomach about the eleventh or twelfth vertebra of the back.

1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum (1842) 7 A Vertebra consists of a body, two laminæ, a spinous process, two transverse processes, and four articular processes.

1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 35 Each of these small bones is called a vertebra.

in combination.1839 G. Roberts Dict. Geol. 180 Vertebralis,..vertebra-like.β. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 42 The Lamprey..hath a Cartilaginous flexible Tube or Channel, without any Vertebræ or Spondyls in it.1666 J. Davies tr. C. de Rochefort Hist. Caribby-Islands 132 Having no vertebræ in the back-bone,..he [sc. the crocodile] goes straight forwards, not being able to turn.1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iii. 362 For there be some who have fewer Vertebræ in their Necks than others.1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 192 The vertebræ of the neck [of the ourang-outang] also were shorter.1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 3 A backbone, composed of numerous joints, or vertebræ.1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling iii. 73 The angler should..sever the vertebræ at the back of the neck.in extended use.1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 233 The shattered vertebræ of the [Roman] aqueducts.γ. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. B8^v Their vertebra's are cartilagineous & flexile.1667 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 461 The Vertebra's descending from the Back.1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Cyphoma A bending backwards of the Vertebra's, or Turning-joynts of the Back.1772 Philos. Trans. 1771 (Royal Soc.) 61 134 It..extended..to the right ovarium, and vertebras of her back.

b. With particularizing terms.

ΚΠ

1726 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones 178 The Spine is commonly divided into true and false Vertebræ.

?1768–9 Encycl. Brit. (1771) I. 169 The lumbar vertebræ, as they descend, have their oblique processes at a greater distance from each other.

1847–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. i. 624 The cervical vertebra..differs in this respect from the dorsal vertebra; this from the lumbar vertebra; this from the sacral vertebra; and this from the coccygeal vertebra.

1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 193 This unusually developed spine of the mesencephalic vertebra.

1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 236 In the odd-toed..ungulates, the dorso-lumbar vertebræ differ in different species.

1866 T. H. Huxley in S. Laing Pre-hist. Remains Caithness 109 A horse's skull with its upper cervical vertebræ.

1872 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 6) vii. 171 The odontoid peg of the axis vertebra.

a. plural (with the). The vertebral column; the spine or backbone.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [noun]

ridgeeOE

ridge boneOE

backbonea1300

chinec1300

rigbonec1400

spinac1400

spinec1400

spine-bonec1400

chine-bone?1533

vertebre1578

vertebre1623

vertebrasa1632

rachis1693

vertebres1696

vertebra1791

vertebral column1828

spinal column1866

a1632 T. Middleton & J. Webster Any Thing for Quiet Life (1662) iii. sig. E I will finde where his Disease of Cozenage lay, whether in the Vertebræ, or in Oscox Index [= Os Coxendix].

c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 144 They shew also the ribbs and Vertebras of the same beast.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) A Weakness of the Ligaments and Muscles fasten'd to the backside of the Vertebræ.

1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy II. ix. 59 Dr. Slop's figure, coming..waddling thro' the dirt upon the vertebræ of a little diminutive pony.

1834 H. McMurtrie tr. G. Cuvier Animal Kingdom (abridged ed.) 27 They are articulated at one extremity with the vertebræ.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xv. 160 The vertebræ of a whale similar to that at the igloë of Anoatok.

1872 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 6) i. 6 The bones thus cut through are called the bodies of the vertebræ.

figurative.1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature (1834) I. 429 I should have known you for a true Search by the pliableness of your neck: the Knowals have a wonderful stiffness in the vertebræ.

b. Without article.

ΚΠ

1849 R. I. Murchison Siluria xx. 478 Large fossil fishes with vertebræ sometimes ossified.

1861 G. M. Musgrave By-roads in Picardy 314 He had made the tour of all Europe without once leaning back in his carriage! This indicated matchless rigidity of fibre and strength of vertebræ.

3. In singular = sense 2. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [noun]

ridgeeOE

ridge boneOE

backbonea1300

chinec1300

rigbonec1400

spinac1400

spinec1400

spine-bonec1400

chine-bone?1533

vertebre1578

vertebre1623

vertebrasa1632

rachis1693

vertebres1696

vertebra1791

vertebral column1828

spinal column1866

1791 J. Walker Crit. Pronouncing Dict. (at cited word)

1876 J. G. Wood Out of Doors 501 We now enter upon another vast division in which there is no true brain and no vertebra.

4. Zoology. (See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Asteroidea > member of (starfish) > parts of > ossicle

torus angularis1877

vertebra1891

1698 E. Lhuyd Let. 10 Mar. in J. Ray Three Physico-theol. Disc. (1713) ii. iv. 182 Great Stones, and even broken Pieces of Lime-stone Rocks..almost wholly compos'd of those Vertebræ, or broken Pieces of the Radii of Sea-Stars, which are commonly call'd Fairy-Stones.

1891 Cent. Dict. Vertebra, in echinoderms, any one of the numerous axial ossicles of the arms of starfishes.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	vertebra
释义	vertebran. Brit. /ˈvəːtᵻbrə/, U.S. /ˈvərdəbrə/ Forms: Plural vertebræ /ˈvɜːtɪbriː/; also 1600s–1700s vertebras. Etymology: < Latin vertebra joint, joint of the spine, < vertĕre to turn. Hence Italian vertebra , Spanish vertebra , Portuguese vertebra , French vertèbre : compare vertebre n. 1. a. Anatomy and Zoology. One or other of the joints composing the spinal column in man or other vertebrate animals; any segment of the backbone. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [noun] > vertebra of spondylec1400 whirl-bonec1400 vertebre1578 rowel1586 rack1615 rack-bone1615 vertebra1615 verticle1658 segment1846 α. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 930 The vertebra in the middest receiueth that spondell which is aboue it. 1634 A. Read Σωματογραϕία Ανθρωπίνη C vj/1 The transvers processe of the first vertebra. a1728 J. Woodward Attempt Nat. Hist. Fossils Eng. (1729) ii. 82 A large Vertebra of a Fish. 1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 367 The Thoracic Duct or canal runs..as far as the fifth vertebra of the back. 1788 Encycl. Brit. I. 726 The œsophagus..terminates in the stomach about the eleventh or twelfth vertebra of the back. 1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum (1842) 7 A Vertebra consists of a body, two laminæ, a spinous process, two transverse processes, and four articular processes. 1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 35 Each of these small bones is called a vertebra. in combination.1839 G. Roberts Dict. Geol. 180 Vertebralis,..vertebra-like.β. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 42 The Lamprey..hath a Cartilaginous flexible Tube or Channel, without any Vertebræ or Spondyls in it.1666 J. Davies tr. C. de Rochefort Hist. Caribby-Islands 132 Having no vertebræ in the back-bone,..he [sc. the crocodile] goes straight forwards, not being able to turn.1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iii. 362 For there be some who have fewer Vertebræ in their Necks than others.1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 192 The vertebræ of the neck [of the ourang-outang] also were shorter.1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 3 A backbone, composed of numerous joints, or vertebræ.1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling iii. 73 The angler should..sever the vertebræ at the back of the neck.in extended use.1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 233 The shattered vertebræ of the [Roman] aqueducts.γ. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. B8^v Their vertebra's are cartilagineous & flexile.1667 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 461 The Vertebra's descending from the Back.1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Cyphoma A bending backwards of the Vertebra's, or Turning-joynts of the Back.1772 Philos. Trans. 1771 (Royal Soc.) 61 134 It..extended..to the right ovarium, and vertebras of her back. b. With particularizing terms. ΚΠ 1726 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones 178 The Spine is commonly divided into true and false Vertebræ. ?1768–9 Encycl. Brit. (1771) I. 169 The lumbar vertebræ, as they descend, have their oblique processes at a greater distance from each other. 1847–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. i. 624 The cervical vertebra..differs in this respect from the dorsal vertebra; this from the lumbar vertebra; this from the sacral vertebra; and this from the coccygeal vertebra. 1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 193 This unusually developed spine of the mesencephalic vertebra. 1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 236 In the odd-toed..ungulates, the dorso-lumbar vertebræ differ in different species. 1866 T. H. Huxley in S. Laing Pre-hist. Remains Caithness 109 A horse's skull with its upper cervical vertebræ. 1872 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 6) vii. 171 The odontoid peg of the axis vertebra. 2. a. plural (with the). The vertebral column; the spine or backbone. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [noun] ridgeeOE ridge boneOE backbonea1300 chinec1300 rigbonec1400 spinac1400 spinec1400 spine-bonec1400 chine-bone?1533 vertebre1578 vertebre1623 vertebrasa1632 rachis1693 vertebres1696 vertebra1791 vertebral column1828 spinal column1866 a1632 T. Middleton & J. Webster Any Thing for Quiet Life (1662) iii. sig. E I will finde where his Disease of Cozenage lay, whether in the Vertebræ, or in Oscox Index [= Os Coxendix]. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 144 They shew also the ribbs and Vertebras of the same beast. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) A Weakness of the Ligaments and Muscles fasten'd to the backside of the Vertebræ. 1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy II. ix. 59 Dr. Slop's figure, coming..waddling thro' the dirt upon the vertebræ of a little diminutive pony. 1834 H. McMurtrie tr. G. Cuvier Animal Kingdom (abridged ed.) 27 They are articulated at one extremity with the vertebræ. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xv. 160 The vertebræ of a whale similar to that at the igloë of Anoatok. 1872 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 6) i. 6 The bones thus cut through are called the bodies of the vertebræ. figurative.1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature (1834) I. 429 I should have known you for a true Search by the pliableness of your neck: the Knowals have a wonderful stiffness in the vertebræ. b. Without article. ΚΠ 1849 R. I. Murchison Siluria xx. 478 Large fossil fishes with vertebræ sometimes ossified. 1861 G. M. Musgrave By-roads in Picardy 314 He had made the tour of all Europe without once leaning back in his carriage! This indicated matchless rigidity of fibre and strength of vertebræ. 3. In singular = sense 2. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [noun] ridgeeOE ridge boneOE backbonea1300 chinec1300 rigbonec1400 spinac1400 spinec1400 spine-bonec1400 chine-bone?1533 vertebre1578 vertebre1623 vertebrasa1632 rachis1693 vertebres1696 vertebra1791 vertebral column1828 spinal column1866 1791 J. Walker Crit. Pronouncing Dict. (at cited word) 1876 J. G. Wood Out of Doors 501 We now enter upon another vast division in which there is no true brain and no vertebra. 4. Zoology. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Asteroidea > member of (starfish) > parts of > ossicle torus angularis1877 vertebra1891 1698 E. Lhuyd Let. 10 Mar. in J. Ray Three Physico-theol. Disc. (1713) ii. iv. 182 Great Stones, and even broken Pieces of Lime-stone Rocks..almost wholly compos'd of those Vertebræ, or broken Pieces of the Radii of Sea-Stars, which are commonly call'd Fairy-Stones. 1891 Cent. Dict. Vertebra, in echinoderms, any one of the numerous axial ossicles of the arms of starfishes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1615
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