vertexn.

Brit.

/ˈvəːtɛks/, U.S.

/ˈvərˌtɛks/

Forms: Plural vertices /ˈvɜːtɪsiːz/; also vertexes.

Etymology: < Latin vertex whirl, whirlpool, vortex n.; crown of the head, highest point, summit, etc., < vertĕre to turn. Compare vertice n.

a. Geometry. The point opposite to the base of a (plane or solid) figure; the point in a curve or surface at which the axis meets it; an angular point, as of a triangle or polygon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > element of > corner or vertex

vertex1570

cant1611

apex1659

solid angle1704

summit1809

1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. cij From the vertex, to the Circumference of the base of the Cone.

1571 T. Digges in L. Digges's Geom. Pract.: Pantometria xxv. sig. Hh ij A transfigured Icosaedron may be resolued into 12 Pentagonal and 20 hexagonal Pyramides, concurring with their toppes or vertices all in the centers of this transformed body.

1585 J. Dee Jrnl. in True & Faithful Relation Spirits (1659) i. 355, 4 Triangles, or rather Cones, of water, whose vertices rest cut off (as it were) by the middle stream of water.

1672 R. Boyle Ess. Origine & Virtues Gems 12 So as to make six triangles, that terminated like those of a Pyramid in a Vertex.

1715 J. T. Desaguliers tr. N. Gauger Fires Improv'd 13 Two half Parabolas's whose Vertex's are C c.

1743 W. Emerson Doctr. Fluxions 150 In the vertices of Curves, where they cut the Abscissa at right angles.

1840 D. Lardner Treat. Geom. ii. 17 These lines are called the sides of the angle, and the point C where the sides unite, is called its vertex.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. vii. 54 Along the two sides of a triangle, the vertex of which was near the centre of the glacier.

1882 G. M. Minchin Uniplanar Kinematics 12 The parallelogram must now be jointed at its four vertices.

b. Optics. (See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] > centre

vertex1704

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Vertex of a Glass (in Opticks) is the same with its Pole.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 288 Draw the ray RC through the centre, cutting the [spherical] surface in the point V, which we shall denominate the vertex, while RC is called the axis.

1803 Imison's Elements Sci. & Art (new ed.) I. 348 To find the vertex or centre of a lens.

1867 J. Hogg Microscope (ed. 6) i. ii. 18 The point where the axis cuts the surface is called the vertex of the lens.

c. Astronomy. (See quot. 1877.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > [noun] > disc > edge of > vertex of

vertex1877

1877 G. F. Chambers Handbk. Descr. Astron. (ed. 3) 922 Vertex..; a term used to designate that point in the limb of the Sun, the Moon, or of a planet, intersected by a circle passing through the zenith and the centre of the body.

d. Mathematics. A junction of two or more lines in a network or graph (graph n.¹ 1); = node n. 9a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > graph or diagram > [noun] > graph > point on

lattice point1857

root1857

node1864

vertex1931

1931 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 17 125 A graph G is composed of two sets of symbols: vertices, a, b,…, f, and arcs, α(ab).., β(ac),…, δ(ef).

1942 G. T. Whyburn Analyt. Topol. x. 182 Such a decomposition of a graph A into vertices and edges is called a subdivision of A.

1975 I. Stewart Concepts Mod. Math. xi. 160 A network has two main parts: (i) a set N, whose elements are called nodes or vertices, (ii) a way of specifying when two vertices are joined together.

1979 Sci. Amer. May 98/3 Alpha-actinin was localized primarily at the vertexes of the network and tropomyosin was localized along the short fibers connecting the vertexes.

2. The point in the heavens vertically overhead, or directly above a given place; the zenith. latitude or meridian of vertex (see quot. 1850).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > [noun] > zenith

zenitha1387

vertical point1559

medium coeli1585

high noon1629

vertex1646

vertice1665

the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > meridian > arc of

latitude or meridian of vertex1850

the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > latitude > equator > arc of

latitude or meridian of vertex1850

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. ii. 62 The true meridian is a major circle passing through the poles of the world, and the Zenith or Vertex of any place.

1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 5 These sorts of people freeze within the polar circles,..the Pole being their vertex, and the Æquator..their direct Horizon.

1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 39 The heat..when the Sun comes to the Vertex, is much more intense..than it is about the Polar Circles.

1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. ii. §56. 346 Since the Phænomenon..is in the common Azimuth XDZ..of the two Places on the Earth pitched upon for this purpose, whose Vertices are X and Z.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. v. 182 The sun was within about three degrees of the vertex.

1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 54 Either of these points is called the vertex of the great circle to which it belongs; the arc intercepted between the vertex and the equator is the latitude of vertex; the meridian that passes through the vertex is the meridian of vertex.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Vertex, the zenith, the point overhead.

a. Anatomy (and Zoology). The crown or top of the head; esp. in man, the part lying between the occiput and the sinciput. vertex presentation, a presentation (presentation n. 7a) in which the vertex of the fœtus lies nearest to the cervix as labour begins.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > top of head > [noun]

nolleOE

mouldOE

shodec1000

topa1225

patea1325

polla1325

hattrelc1330

skullc1380

foretop1382

pommelc1385

summita1425

sconce1567

vertex1634

cantle1822

the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > [noun] > childbirth or delivery > presentation > specific presentation

vertex presentation1841

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 434 The middle part of the scalpe..is gibbous or round..the Latines call it vertex, because in that place the haires runne round in a ring as waters doe in a whirle-poole.]

1634 A. Read Man. Anat. Body of Man iii. i. 145 Vertex the crowne; that which is betweene the former two, somewhat arched.

1680 S. Haworth Ανθροπωλογία 115 The middle Part between these which is Gibbose is called Vertex.

1754–64 W. Smellie Treat. Midwifery I. 86 [In child-birth] the crown or vertex is the first part that is pressed down, because..the bones at that part of the skull make the least resistance.

1771 Encycl. Brit. II. 226/2 The [Columba] turbita, with..a short bill, and a plain vertex.

1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum (1842) 43 The skull..is divisible into four regions,—a superior region or vertex, a lateral region, an inferior, and an interior region.

1841 F. H. Ramsbotham Princ. & Pract. Obstetr. Med. 135 (heading) Comparative frequency of the various modes of vertex presentation.

1873 E. Coues Birds of Northwest (1874) 281 That the young males have more or less of the vertex red or yellow, instead of an occipital crescent of scarlet.

1888 P. L. Sclater & W. H. Hudson Argentine Ornithol. I. 137 Vertex more or less tinged with rufous.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 482 In these vertex cases [of tuberculous meningitis].

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 8 The forceps was employed fifteen times in vertex presentations.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VIII. 195/2 In vertex presentations the head of the fetus most commonly faces to the right and slightly to the rear. This position is said to be the most usual one, because the fetus is thus best accommodated to the shape of the uterus.

b. Entomology. (See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [noun] > head > horizontal part behind eyes and between temples

vertex1826

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 365 Vertex, the horizontal part of the Facies, next the front, that lies behind the eyes and between the temples.

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 487 In Blatta and some other Orthoptera the posterior angle of the head is the vertex.

1861–2 Le Conte Classif. Coleoptera N. Amer. i. Introd. p. x The upper surface is divided into regions, the back part being called the occiput, the middle the vertex, and the anterior the front.

1897 W. F. Kirby in M. Kingsley W. Africa 719 Trichomera insignata... Face nearly smooth, shining black below the vertex.

4. The top, summit, or highest point of something, esp. a hill or structure; the crown of an arch. †Also, a high piece of land, an eminence (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > high position > [noun] > highest point or top

headOE

copa1000

heightOE

topc1000

highestlOE

crest1382

coperounc1400

summita1425

summity?a1425

toppet1439

altitude?a1475

upperest1484

principala1533

pitcha1552

supremity1584

culm1587

period1595

spire1600

upward1608

cope1609

fastigium1641

vertex1641

culmen1646

supreme1652

tip-top1702

peak1785

helm1893

altaltissimo1975

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun]

link931

rise1240

motea1300

bentc1405

mote-hill1475

territory1477

height1487

rising1548

raising1572

linch1591

mount1591

swelling1630

up1637

vertex1641

advance1655

ascendant1655

eminency1662

ascent1663

eminence1670

swell1764

elevation1799

embreastment1799

upwith1819

lift1825

salita1910

turtle-back1913

upwarp1917

upslope1920

whaleback1928

1641 R. Greville Disc. Nature Episcopacie 21 I am neere the Apex of this question, which yet (Pernassus-like) hath a double Vertex, a twofold toppe.

1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) i. 203 The great diversity of Soyls that are found there, every Vertex, or Eminency, almost affording new kinds.

1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck iii. 47 Its [sc. an altar's] vertex thirty cubits from the ground.

1777 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, quarto) IV. vi. 142 Patella..Vulgata... Vertex pretty near the centre.

1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy II. 338 I was not more than a hundred and fifty paces distant from the vertex of the cone.

1827 Gentleman's Mag. 97 ii. 9 A conical dome, on the vertex of which is a gilt cross.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) I. 197/1 The highest point in the intrados is called the vertex or crown.

figurative.1865 J. B. Mozley 8 Lect. Miracles vi. 130 The question whether man is or is not the vertex of nature.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	vertex
释义	vertexn. Brit. /ˈvəːtɛks/, U.S. /ˈvərˌtɛks/ Forms: Plural vertices /ˈvɜːtɪsiːz/; also vertexes. Etymology: < Latin vertex whirl, whirlpool, vortex n.; crown of the head, highest point, summit, etc., < vertĕre to turn. Compare vertice n. 1. a. Geometry. The point opposite to the base of a (plane or solid) figure; the point in a curve or surface at which the axis meets it; an angular point, as of a triangle or polygon. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > element of > corner or vertex vertex1570 cant1611 apex1659 solid angle1704 summit1809 1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. cij From the vertex, to the Circumference of the base of the Cone. 1571 T. Digges in L. Digges's Geom. Pract.: Pantometria xxv. sig. Hh ij A transfigured Icosaedron may be resolued into 12 Pentagonal and 20 hexagonal Pyramides, concurring with their toppes or vertices all in the centers of this transformed body. 1585 J. Dee Jrnl. in True & Faithful Relation Spirits (1659) i. 355, 4 Triangles, or rather Cones, of water, whose vertices rest cut off (as it were) by the middle stream of water. 1672 R. Boyle Ess. Origine & Virtues Gems 12 So as to make six triangles, that terminated like those of a Pyramid in a Vertex. 1715 J. T. Desaguliers tr. N. Gauger Fires Improv'd 13 Two half Parabolas's whose Vertex's are C c. 1743 W. Emerson Doctr. Fluxions 150 In the vertices of Curves, where they cut the Abscissa at right angles. 1840 D. Lardner Treat. Geom. ii. 17 These lines are called the sides of the angle, and the point C where the sides unite, is called its vertex. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. vii. 54 Along the two sides of a triangle, the vertex of which was near the centre of the glacier. 1882 G. M. Minchin Uniplanar Kinematics 12 The parallelogram must now be jointed at its four vertices. b. Optics. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] > centre vertex1704 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Vertex of a Glass (in Opticks) is the same with its Pole. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 288 Draw the ray RC through the centre, cutting the [spherical] surface in the point V, which we shall denominate the vertex, while RC is called the axis. 1803 Imison's Elements Sci. & Art (new ed.) I. 348 To find the vertex or centre of a lens. 1867 J. Hogg Microscope (ed. 6) i. ii. 18 The point where the axis cuts the surface is called the vertex of the lens. c. Astronomy. (See quot. 1877.) ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > [noun] > disc > edge of > vertex of vertex1877 1877 G. F. Chambers Handbk. Descr. Astron. (ed. 3) 922 Vertex..; a term used to designate that point in the limb of the Sun, the Moon, or of a planet, intersected by a circle passing through the zenith and the centre of the body. d. Mathematics. A junction of two or more lines in a network or graph (graph n.¹ 1); = node n. 9a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > graph or diagram > [noun] > graph > point on lattice point1857 root1857 node1864 vertex1931 1931 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 17 125 A graph G is composed of two sets of symbols: vertices, a, b,…, f, and arcs, α(ab).., β(ac),…, δ(ef). 1942 G. T. Whyburn Analyt. Topol. x. 182 Such a decomposition of a graph A into vertices and edges is called a subdivision of A. 1975 I. Stewart Concepts Mod. Math. xi. 160 A network has two main parts: (i) a set N, whose elements are called nodes or vertices, (ii) a way of specifying when two vertices are joined together. 1979 Sci. Amer. May 98/3 Alpha-actinin was localized primarily at the vertexes of the network and tropomyosin was localized along the short fibers connecting the vertexes. 2. The point in the heavens vertically overhead, or directly above a given place; the zenith. latitude or meridian of vertex (see quot. 1850). ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > [noun] > zenith zenitha1387 vertical point1559 medium coeli1585 high noon1629 vertex1646 vertice1665 the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > meridian > arc of latitude or meridian of vertex1850 the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > latitude > equator > arc of latitude or meridian of vertex1850 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. ii. 62 The true meridian is a major circle passing through the poles of the world, and the Zenith or Vertex of any place. View more context for this quotation 1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 5 These sorts of people freeze within the polar circles,..the Pole being their vertex, and the Æquator..their direct Horizon. 1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 39 The heat..when the Sun comes to the Vertex, is much more intense..than it is about the Polar Circles. 1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. ii. §56. 346 Since the Phænomenon..is in the common Azimuth XDZ..of the two Places on the Earth pitched upon for this purpose, whose Vertices are X and Z. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. v. 182 The sun was within about three degrees of the vertex. 1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 54 Either of these points is called the vertex of the great circle to which it belongs; the arc intercepted between the vertex and the equator is the latitude of vertex; the meridian that passes through the vertex is the meridian of vertex. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Vertex, the zenith, the point overhead. 3. a. Anatomy (and Zoology). The crown or top of the head; esp. in man, the part lying between the occiput and the sinciput. vertex presentation, a presentation (presentation n. 7a) in which the vertex of the fœtus lies nearest to the cervix as labour begins. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > top of head > [noun] nolleOE mouldOE shodec1000 topa1225 patea1325 polla1325 hattrelc1330 skullc1380 foretop1382 pommelc1385 summita1425 sconce1567 vertex1634 cantle1822 the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > [noun] > childbirth or delivery > presentation > specific presentation vertex presentation1841 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 434 The middle part of the scalpe..is gibbous or round..the Latines call it vertex, because in that place the haires runne round in a ring as waters doe in a whirle-poole.] 1634 A. Read Man. Anat. Body of Man iii. i. 145 Vertex the crowne; that which is betweene the former two, somewhat arched. 1680 S. Haworth Ανθροπωλογία 115 The middle Part between these which is Gibbose is called Vertex. 1754–64 W. Smellie Treat. Midwifery I. 86 [In child-birth] the crown or vertex is the first part that is pressed down, because..the bones at that part of the skull make the least resistance. 1771 Encycl. Brit. II. 226/2 The [Columba] turbita, with..a short bill, and a plain vertex. 1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum (1842) 43 The skull..is divisible into four regions,—a superior region or vertex, a lateral region, an inferior, and an interior region. 1841 F. H. Ramsbotham Princ. & Pract. Obstetr. Med. 135 (heading) Comparative frequency of the various modes of vertex presentation. 1873 E. Coues Birds of Northwest (1874) 281 That the young males have more or less of the vertex red or yellow, instead of an occipital crescent of scarlet. 1888 P. L. Sclater & W. H. Hudson Argentine Ornithol. I. 137 Vertex more or less tinged with rufous. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 482 In these vertex cases [of tuberculous meningitis]. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 8 The forceps was employed fifteen times in vertex presentations. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VIII. 195/2 In vertex presentations the head of the fetus most commonly faces to the right and slightly to the rear. This position is said to be the most usual one, because the fetus is thus best accommodated to the shape of the uterus. b. Entomology. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [noun] > head > horizontal part behind eyes and between temples vertex1826 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 365 Vertex, the horizontal part of the Facies, next the front, that lies behind the eyes and between the temples. 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 487 In Blatta and some other Orthoptera the posterior angle of the head is the vertex. 1861–2 Le Conte Classif. Coleoptera N. Amer. i. Introd. p. x The upper surface is divided into regions, the back part being called the occiput, the middle the vertex, and the anterior the front. 1897 W. F. Kirby in M. Kingsley W. Africa 719 Trichomera insignata... Face nearly smooth, shining black below the vertex. 4. The top, summit, or highest point of something, esp. a hill or structure; the crown of an arch. †Also, a high piece of land, an eminence (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > high position > [noun] > highest point or top headOE copa1000 heightOE topc1000 highestlOE crest1382 coperounc1400 summita1425 summity?a1425 toppet1439 altitude?a1475 upperest1484 principala1533 pitcha1552 supremity1584 culm1587 period1595 spire1600 upward1608 cope1609 fastigium1641 vertex1641 culmen1646 supreme1652 tip-top1702 peak1785 helm1893 altaltissimo1975 the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] link931 rise1240 motea1300 bentc1405 mote-hill1475 territory1477 height1487 rising1548 raising1572 linch1591 mount1591 swelling1630 up1637 vertex1641 advance1655 ascendant1655 eminency1662 ascent1663 eminence1670 swell1764 elevation1799 embreastment1799 upwith1819 lift1825 salita1910 turtle-back1913 upwarp1917 upslope1920 whaleback1928 1641 R. Greville Disc. Nature Episcopacie 21 I am neere the Apex of this question, which yet (Pernassus-like) hath a double Vertex, a twofold toppe. 1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) i. 203 The great diversity of Soyls that are found there, every Vertex, or Eminency, almost affording new kinds. 1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck iii. 47 Its [sc. an altar's] vertex thirty cubits from the ground. 1777 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, quarto) IV. vi. 142 Patella..Vulgata... Vertex pretty near the centre. 1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy II. 338 I was not more than a hundred and fifty paces distant from the vertex of the cone. 1827 Gentleman's Mag. 97 ii. 9 A conical dome, on the vertex of which is a gilt cross. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) I. 197/1 The highest point in the intrados is called the vertex or crown. figurative.1865 J. B. Mozley 8 Lect. Miracles vi. 130 The question whether man is or is not the vertex of nature. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1570
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