victimn.

Brit.

/ˈvɪktɪm/, U.S.

/ˈvɪktᵻm/

Forms: Also Middle English vyctym, 1500s–1600s victime.

Etymology: < Latin victima (in senses 1, 2). So French victime (16th cent.), Spanish victima, Portuguese vitima, Italian vittima. The Rhemish translators of the Bible were the first to make free use of the word as English, and its general currency dates only from the latter part of the 17th century.

a. A living creature killed and offered as a sacrifice to some deity or supernatural power.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > [noun] > one who or that which undergoes

offeringOE

offering-lakec1175

offeranda1225

sacrificec1250

hosta1340

presenta1400

hostie1483

victim1497

obleya1500

offer1548

offrage1548

oblation1561

human sacrifice1569

anathema1573

victimate1583

immolation1586

deodatea1600

vict1639

anatheme1655

1497 J. Alcock Mons Perfeccionis (de Worde) C iij/2 Obedyence excellith al vyctyms [printed vyayms] and holocaustis in the whiche was sacrefyced y^e flesshe of other creatures.

1582 Bible (Rheims) Mark ix. 49 Euery victime shal be salted with salt.

1582 Bible (Rheims) Acts vii. 42 Did you offer victims and hostes vnto me?

1609 Bible (Douay) I. Lev. i. 2, etc.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage i. vi. 33 Of sacrificing there were from the beginning two kinds, the one called Gifts or oblations of things without life: the other Victims (so our Rhemists have taught us to English the word Victima) slaine sacrifices of birds and beasts.

1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Victime, a sacrifice, a beast offered in sacrifice. [Also in Cockeram etc.]

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Victime, the Beast killed in Sacrifice for Victory, an Oblation, a Sacrifice.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 146 Select four Brawny Bulls for Sacrifice,..From the slain Victims pour the streaming Blood.

1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 3 Ulysses here the Blood of Victims shed, And rais'd the pale Assembly of the Dead.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Sacrifice The Priest..then took Wine in a Vessel called Simpulum, and..poured it between the Horns of the Victim.

1773 J. Priestley Inst. Relig. II. 25 The Mexicans used human victims.

1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. lv. 105 He had inquired of Peithagoras as to the nature of the tokens which he had seen in the victims.

1867 Ld. Tennyson Victim v But the Priest was happy, His victim won.

1867 Ld. Tennyson Victim vi The rites prepared, the victim bared.

figurative.1646 R. Crashaw Steps to Temple 81 Thou art Loves victim, and must dye A death more misticall and high.1656 A. Cowley Isaiah XXXIV in Pindaric Odes ii The Altar all the Land, and all Men in't the Victims are.1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. x. 374 These 20,000 men were a victim to save the rest of their nation.1772 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra II. lxix. 350 I have bound the victim, and dragged him to the altar.1818 P. B. Shelley Julian & Maddalo 376 The red scaffold..May ask some willing victim.1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 71 Knaves are men, That..dress the victim to the offering up.1855 C. Kingsley Heroes (1868) iv. 50 I am accursed, devoted as a victim to the sea-gods.

b. Applied to Christ as an offering for humankind.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > the Son or Christ > [noun] > as sacrifice or victim

blood of Christc1384

ransoma1400

crucifix14..

satisfaction1542

sacrifice-offerera1560

Man of Sorrows1577

host1653

victim1736

1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. (ed. 2) ii. v. 299 [Jesus Christ] is described..in the Old Testament, under the same Characters of a Priest, and an expiatory Victim.

1745 W. Robertson in Transl. & Paraphr. (Sc. Ch.) vi. 8 All Heaven's Wrath tho' due to us On him, our Victim, lay.

a1833 J. Dick Lect. Theol. (1834) III. lviii. 119 In the other [case], it was a man, the Son of the living God, who was the victim.

1867 W. C. Dix Altar Songs 9 Thou on earth both Priest and Victim.

1870 H. Martin Atonement iv. 74 They evidently concentrate attention..on that aspect in which Christ appears as the piacular victim, or the Lamb of Sacrifice.

a. A person who is put to death or subjected to torture by another; one who suffers severely in body or property through cruel or oppressive treatment.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [noun] > person cruelly treated

victim1660

survivor1939

1660 R. Coke Justice Vindicated Ep. Ded. 5 I designe no more than to demonstrate, that it was..the iniquity of the times which made him [Charles I] a victim, and your sacred Self an Exile.

1691 A. Gavin Frauds Romish Monks (ed. 3) 61 The great Provost..was one of the number of these unhappy Victims.

1783 G. Crabbe Village i. 19 A potent quack, long vers'd in human ills, Who first insults the victim whom he kills.

1785 E. Burke Speech Nabob Arcot's Debts in Wks. (1882) I. 331 Among the victims to this magnificent plan of universal plunder..you have all heard..of an Indian Chief called Hyder Ali Khan.

1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 32 If he had not died the victim of a tyrant.

1854 N. Wiseman Fabiola ii. xxii. 263 The hostile passions of heathen Rome..excited by the coming slaughter of so many christian victims.

1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xviii. 169 The list of his possessions, lands of Earl Harold, of the Sheriff Mœrleswegen, and of a crowd of smaller victims, is simply endless.

b. One who is reduced or destined to suffer under some oppressive or destructive agency.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > attack by some hostile or injurious agency > one who falls into power of hostile agent

preya1250

sacrifice1697

victim1718

the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > tribulation, trouble, or affliction > wretched person > a victim or one sacrificed for any reason

oblation1594

sacrifice1697

victim1718

prospect1931

1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity iii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 479 Behold where Age's wretched Victim lies: See his Head trembling, and his half-clos'd Eyes.

1747 T. Gray Ode Eton Coll. 6 Alas, regardless of their Doom, The little Victims play!

1799 Monthly Rev. 30 539 This new poet..is M. Esmenard,..at present a victim of the persecution which has followed that event.

1827 W. Scott Highland Widow in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. xii. 268 About the centre of the procession..came the unfortunate victim of military law.

1865 Visct. Milton & W. B. Cheadle N.-W. Passage by Land (1867) viii. 124 We..even went to the length of fixing upon one useless, toothless old fellow [sc. a dog] as a victim to our appetites, in case of extremity.

1890 C. B. Pitman tr. A. Boscowitz Earthquakes 211 The houses which had only partially fallen in continued to collapse and make fresh victims.

c. One who perishes or suffers in health, etc., from some enterprise or pursuit voluntarily undertaken.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > tribulation, trouble, or affliction > wretched person > a victim or one sacrificed for any reason > of something voluntarily undertaken

martyr1646

victim1744

1744 J. Thomson Winter in Seasons (new ed.) 212 The last of old Lycurgus' Sons, The generous Victim to that vain Attempt, To save a rotten State.

1832 G. R. Porter Treat. Manuf. Porcelain & Glass 259 Frauenhofer died..at an early age; a victim, it is said, to unremitting attention bestowed upon an unhealthy employment.

1850 R. W. Emerson Montaigne in Representative Men iv. 155 The studious class are their own victims.

1855 C. M. Yonge Cameos xxxiv, in Monthly Packet Aug. 92 While here, he narrowly escaped becoming a seventh royal victim to the Crusade.

d. In weaker sense: One who suffers some injury, hardship, or loss, is badly treated or taken advantage of, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > victimization > one who suffers

victim1781

survivor1939

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > [noun] > one who is ill-treated

victim1781

survivor1939

fuckee1973

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) III. xxvii. 23 Gregory soon became the victim of malice and envy.

1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) I. 342 That spirit of intolerance..of which they are the victims.

1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 42 Several individuals..are to a very great extent the victims at least, if not the dupes, of scheming managers.

1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xx. 249 He went off..without further ceremony, and left his respected victim to settle the bill.

1875 E. W. Benson Let. 15 June in A. C. Benson Life of E. W. Benson (1899) I. xi. 393 I am that miserable man the Victim in Residence, and there is a Cathedral Festival to-day.

3. In the phrase to fall a victim to (some thing or person), in preceding senses.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)]

thave835

i-dreeeOE

tholec897

abeareOE

underbearc950

adreeOE

dreeOE

driveOE

i-tholeOE

throwOE

underfoc1000

bearOE

bidec1200

suffera1250

abidec1275

drinka1340

endure1340

underfong1382

receivec1384

abyea1393

sustain1398

finda1400

undergoa1400

get?c1430

underganga1470

ponder?a1525

a dog's lifea1528

tolerate1531

to stand to ——1540

to feel the weight of?1553

enjoy1577

carry1583

abrook1594

to stand under ——a1616

to fall a victim to1764

the mind > emotion > suffering > suffer mental pain [verb (transitive)] > come to suffer

to fall a victim to1764

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack (of hostile agency) > suffer attack of

to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1635

to fall a victim to1764

1764 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto i Manfred will suspect you,..and you will fall a victim to his resentment.

1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. iv. 279 Some officers, who rashly attempted to restrain them, fell victims to their fury.

1803 A. Ellicott Jrnl. 13 Many of the inhabitants that season fell victims to the yellow fever.

1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 414 The Flemish and other foreign residents fell helpless victims to the rage of the populace.

1884 Times (Weekly ed.) 5 Sept. 17/2 It appeared as if he had fallen a victim to an assassin.

1884 Times (Weekly ed.) 19 Sept. 6/4 He fell a victim to goodness of heart and to the interest he felt in his people.

Compounds

attributive (chiefly appositive) and in combinations, as victim beast, victim carrion, victim-flock, victim-hero, victim horde, victim-lamb, victim ox; victim-laden adj.; victim-ship n. a ship carrying victims.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels with other specific uses > [noun] > vessel for reception of sick or injured

hospital ship1683

pest shipa1684

hospital1709

victim-ship1835

hospital vessel1897

the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > victim-hero

forlorn hopes1539

forlorn fellows1577

forlorn sentinel1579

salamander1705

victim-hero1962

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 118 The Victim Ox, that was for Altars prest,..Sunk of himself.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 305 Blood of Victim Beasts enrich the Ground.

1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey III. xiii. 27 A victim Oxe beneath the sacred hand Of great Alcinous falls.

1814 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II (ed. 7) ii. lxxxix. 113 The Battle-field—where Persia's victim horde First bowed beneath the brunt of Hellas' sword.

1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. v. 133 Deceived by the black sail of the victim-ship, which Theseus had forgotten to exchange.

1843 N. Wiseman Minor Rites in Ess. (1853) I. 491 There is one altar..on which the same Victim-Lamb reposes.

a1847 E. Cook Thanksgiving iv I could not sue for mercy at a victim-laden shrine.

1851 E. B. Browning Casa Guidi Windows ii. xxii. 129 The tyrant should take heed to what he doth, Since every victim-carrion turns to use.

1868 J. H. Newman Verses Var. Occasions 171 I cleanse Thy victim-flock, and bring them near In holiest wise.

1962 John o' London's 1 Mar. 211/3 Young Cordier..isn't the perfect victim-hero.

1975 P. Fussell Great War & Mod. Mem. i. 8 Air bombardment, which was supposed to shorten the war, prolonged it by inviting those who were its targets to cast themselves in the role of victim-heroes and thus stiffen their resolve.

1975 P. Fussell Great War & Mod. Mem. vi. 220 Guy Crouchback, Waugh's victim-hero.

Derivatives

ˈvictim v. (transitive) to slay in sacrifice.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > sacrifice [verb (transitive)]

offereOE

teemc1275

sacrea1325

sacrify1390

sacrificea1400

presentc1425

exhibit1490

immolate1548

immole1610

shrine?1611

victim1671

victimize1853

oblate1872

1671 J. Crowne Juliana i. 11 Barbarous Idol, not content with blood, But must have Kingdoms victim'd at thy Altars!

1694 J. Crowne Married Beau iv. 54 I'll rather Victim A hecatomb of such as thou to her.

Draft additions July 2002

victims support n. (also victims' support) chiefly British = victim support n. at Additions; usually attributive and with capital initials, esp. in Victims Support Scheme.

ΚΠ

1973 E. Turner (title of rep., Bristol constabulary) in P. Rock Helping Victims of Crime (1990) iv. 142 NACRO South Wales and Severn Valley Region project: Bristol Victims Support Scheme.

1993 P. Bryers Adultery Dept. (BNC) 106 He was a volunteer with the Victims Support Scheme.

2002 Orange County (Calif.) Register (Nexis) 12 May She transformed rage into the raw substance from which she forged her life—founding a victims' support group.

Draft additions July 2002

victim support n. chiefly British the provision of advice and counselling to victims of crime (or occasionally illness or accident); (also with capital initials) any of various schemes or groups offering such assistance (and sometimes also involved in lobbying for changes in legislation, etc.), esp. the charity (registered in 1979) founded in England in 1974 and now operating in other countries; frequently attributive.

ΚΠ

1974 E. Turner (title of unpublished rep.) in P. Rock Helping Victims of Crime (1990) iv. 143 Brief review of the Bristol Victim Support Scheme.

1979 L. A. Medina et al. (title) Evaluation of the juvenile victim support program 10-D: final report.

1990 Health Educ. Jrnl. 49 173/2 (table) The range of counselling services should be expanded, including alcohol, victim support and generic services.

1998 Community Care 12 Feb. 18/1 Victim Support sees victims shortly after the crime, usually as referrals by the police or as self-referrals.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	victim
释义	victimn. Brit. /ˈvɪktɪm/, U.S. /ˈvɪktᵻm/ Forms: Also Middle English vyctym, 1500s–1600s victime. Etymology: < Latin victima (in senses 1, 2). So French victime (16th cent.), Spanish victima, Portuguese vitima, Italian vittima. The Rhemish translators of the Bible were the first to make free use of the word as English, and its general currency dates only from the latter part of the 17th century. 1. a. A living creature killed and offered as a sacrifice to some deity or supernatural power. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > [noun] > one who or that which undergoes offeringOE offering-lakec1175 offeranda1225 sacrificec1250 hosta1340 presenta1400 hostie1483 victim1497 obleya1500 offer1548 offrage1548 oblation1561 human sacrifice1569 anathema1573 victimate1583 immolation1586 deodatea1600 vict1639 anatheme1655 1497 J. Alcock Mons Perfeccionis (de Worde) C iij/2 Obedyence excellith al vyctyms [printed vyayms] and holocaustis in the whiche was sacrefyced y^e flesshe of other creatures. 1582 Bible (Rheims) Mark ix. 49 Euery victime shal be salted with salt. 1582 Bible (Rheims) Acts vii. 42 Did you offer victims and hostes vnto me? 1609 Bible (Douay) I. Lev. i. 2, etc. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage i. vi. 33 Of sacrificing there were from the beginning two kinds, the one called Gifts or oblations of things without life: the other Victims (so our Rhemists have taught us to English the word Victima) slaine sacrifices of birds and beasts. 1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Victime, a sacrifice, a beast offered in sacrifice. [Also in Cockeram etc.] 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Victime, the Beast killed in Sacrifice for Victory, an Oblation, a Sacrifice. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 146 Select four Brawny Bulls for Sacrifice,..From the slain Victims pour the streaming Blood. View more context for this quotation 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 3 Ulysses here the Blood of Victims shed, And rais'd the pale Assembly of the Dead. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Sacrifice The Priest..then took Wine in a Vessel called Simpulum, and..poured it between the Horns of the Victim. 1773 J. Priestley Inst. Relig. II. 25 The Mexicans used human victims. 1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. lv. 105 He had inquired of Peithagoras as to the nature of the tokens which he had seen in the victims. 1867 Ld. Tennyson Victim v But the Priest was happy, His victim won. 1867 Ld. Tennyson Victim vi The rites prepared, the victim bared. figurative.1646 R. Crashaw Steps to Temple 81 Thou art Loves victim, and must dye A death more misticall and high.1656 A. Cowley Isaiah XXXIV in Pindaric Odes ii The Altar all the Land, and all Men in't the Victims are.1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. x. 374 These 20,000 men were a victim to save the rest of their nation.1772 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra II. lxix. 350 I have bound the victim, and dragged him to the altar.1818 P. B. Shelley Julian & Maddalo 376 The red scaffold..May ask some willing victim.1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 71 Knaves are men, That..dress the victim to the offering up.1855 C. Kingsley Heroes (1868) iv. 50 I am accursed, devoted as a victim to the sea-gods. b. Applied to Christ as an offering for humankind. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > the Son or Christ > [noun] > as sacrifice or victim blood of Christc1384 ransoma1400 crucifix14.. satisfaction1542 sacrifice-offerera1560 Man of Sorrows1577 host1653 victim1736 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. (ed. 2) ii. v. 299 [Jesus Christ] is described..in the Old Testament, under the same Characters of a Priest, and an expiatory Victim. 1745 W. Robertson in Transl. & Paraphr. (Sc. Ch.) vi. 8 All Heaven's Wrath tho' due to us On him, our Victim, lay. a1833 J. Dick Lect. Theol. (1834) III. lviii. 119 In the other [case], it was a man, the Son of the living God, who was the victim. 1867 W. C. Dix Altar Songs 9 Thou on earth both Priest and Victim. 1870 H. Martin Atonement iv. 74 They evidently concentrate attention..on that aspect in which Christ appears as the piacular victim, or the Lamb of Sacrifice. 2. a. A person who is put to death or subjected to torture by another; one who suffers severely in body or property through cruel or oppressive treatment. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [noun] > person cruelly treated victim1660 survivor1939 1660 R. Coke Justice Vindicated Ep. Ded. 5 I designe no more than to demonstrate, that it was..the iniquity of the times which made him [Charles I] a victim, and your sacred Self an Exile. 1691 A. Gavin Frauds Romish Monks (ed. 3) 61 The great Provost..was one of the number of these unhappy Victims. 1783 G. Crabbe Village i. 19 A potent quack, long vers'd in human ills, Who first insults the victim whom he kills. 1785 E. Burke Speech Nabob Arcot's Debts in Wks. (1882) I. 331 Among the victims to this magnificent plan of universal plunder..you have all heard..of an Indian Chief called Hyder Ali Khan. 1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 32 If he had not died the victim of a tyrant. 1854 N. Wiseman Fabiola ii. xxii. 263 The hostile passions of heathen Rome..excited by the coming slaughter of so many christian victims. 1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xviii. 169 The list of his possessions, lands of Earl Harold, of the Sheriff Mœrleswegen, and of a crowd of smaller victims, is simply endless. b. One who is reduced or destined to suffer under some oppressive or destructive agency. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > attack by some hostile or injurious agency > one who falls into power of hostile agent preya1250 sacrifice1697 victim1718 the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > tribulation, trouble, or affliction > wretched person > a victim or one sacrificed for any reason oblation1594 sacrifice1697 victim1718 prospect1931 1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity iii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 479 Behold where Age's wretched Victim lies: See his Head trembling, and his half-clos'd Eyes. 1747 T. Gray Ode Eton Coll. 6 Alas, regardless of their Doom, The little Victims play! 1799 Monthly Rev. 30 539 This new poet..is M. Esmenard,..at present a victim of the persecution which has followed that event. 1827 W. Scott Highland Widow in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. xii. 268 About the centre of the procession..came the unfortunate victim of military law. 1865 Visct. Milton & W. B. Cheadle N.-W. Passage by Land (1867) viii. 124 We..even went to the length of fixing upon one useless, toothless old fellow [sc. a dog] as a victim to our appetites, in case of extremity. 1890 C. B. Pitman tr. A. Boscowitz Earthquakes 211 The houses which had only partially fallen in continued to collapse and make fresh victims. c. One who perishes or suffers in health, etc., from some enterprise or pursuit voluntarily undertaken. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > tribulation, trouble, or affliction > wretched person > a victim or one sacrificed for any reason > of something voluntarily undertaken martyr1646 victim1744 1744 J. Thomson Winter in Seasons (new ed.) 212 The last of old Lycurgus' Sons, The generous Victim to that vain Attempt, To save a rotten State. 1832 G. R. Porter Treat. Manuf. Porcelain & Glass 259 Frauenhofer died..at an early age; a victim, it is said, to unremitting attention bestowed upon an unhealthy employment. 1850 R. W. Emerson Montaigne in Representative Men iv. 155 The studious class are their own victims. 1855 C. M. Yonge Cameos xxxiv, in Monthly Packet Aug. 92 While here, he narrowly escaped becoming a seventh royal victim to the Crusade. d. In weaker sense: One who suffers some injury, hardship, or loss, is badly treated or taken advantage of, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > victimization > one who suffers victim1781 survivor1939 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > [noun] > one who is ill-treated victim1781 survivor1939 fuckee1973 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) III. xxvii. 23 Gregory soon became the victim of malice and envy. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) I. 342 That spirit of intolerance..of which they are the victims. 1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 42 Several individuals..are to a very great extent the victims at least, if not the dupes, of scheming managers. 1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xx. 249 He went off..without further ceremony, and left his respected victim to settle the bill. 1875 E. W. Benson Let. 15 June in A. C. Benson Life of E. W. Benson (1899) I. xi. 393 I am that miserable man the Victim in Residence, and there is a Cathedral Festival to-day. 3. In the phrase to fall a victim to (some thing or person), in preceding senses. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] thave835 i-dreeeOE tholec897 abeareOE underbearc950 adreeOE dreeOE driveOE i-tholeOE throwOE underfoc1000 bearOE bidec1200 suffera1250 abidec1275 drinka1340 endure1340 underfong1382 receivec1384 abyea1393 sustain1398 finda1400 undergoa1400 get?c1430 underganga1470 ponder?a1525 a dog's lifea1528 tolerate1531 to stand to ——1540 to feel the weight of?1553 enjoy1577 carry1583 abrook1594 to stand under ——a1616 to fall a victim to1764 the mind > emotion > suffering > suffer mental pain [verb (transitive)] > come to suffer to fall a victim to1764 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack (of hostile agency) > suffer attack of to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1635 to fall a victim to1764 1764 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto i Manfred will suspect you,..and you will fall a victim to his resentment. 1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. iv. 279 Some officers, who rashly attempted to restrain them, fell victims to their fury. 1803 A. Ellicott Jrnl. 13 Many of the inhabitants that season fell victims to the yellow fever. 1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 414 The Flemish and other foreign residents fell helpless victims to the rage of the populace. 1884 Times (Weekly ed.) 5 Sept. 17/2 It appeared as if he had fallen a victim to an assassin. 1884 Times (Weekly ed.) 19 Sept. 6/4 He fell a victim to goodness of heart and to the interest he felt in his people. Compounds attributive (chiefly appositive) and in combinations, as victim beast, victim carrion, victim-flock, victim-hero, victim horde, victim-lamb, victim ox; victim-laden adj.; victim-ship n. a ship carrying victims. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels with other specific uses > [noun] > vessel for reception of sick or injured hospital ship1683 pest shipa1684 hospital1709 victim-ship1835 hospital vessel1897 the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > victim-hero forlorn hopes1539 forlorn fellows1577 forlorn sentinel1579 salamander1705 victim-hero1962 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 118 The Victim Ox, that was for Altars prest,..Sunk of himself. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 305 Blood of Victim Beasts enrich the Ground. 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey III. xiii. 27 A victim Oxe beneath the sacred hand Of great Alcinous falls. 1814 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II (ed. 7) ii. lxxxix. 113 The Battle-field—where Persia's victim horde First bowed beneath the brunt of Hellas' sword. 1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. v. 133 Deceived by the black sail of the victim-ship, which Theseus had forgotten to exchange. 1843 N. Wiseman Minor Rites in Ess. (1853) I. 491 There is one altar..on which the same Victim-Lamb reposes. a1847 E. Cook Thanksgiving iv I could not sue for mercy at a victim-laden shrine. 1851 E. B. Browning Casa Guidi Windows ii. xxii. 129 The tyrant should take heed to what he doth, Since every victim-carrion turns to use. 1868 J. H. Newman Verses Var. Occasions 171 I cleanse Thy victim-flock, and bring them near In holiest wise. 1962 John o' London's 1 Mar. 211/3 Young Cordier..isn't the perfect victim-hero. 1975 P. Fussell Great War & Mod. Mem. i. 8 Air bombardment, which was supposed to shorten the war, prolonged it by inviting those who were its targets to cast themselves in the role of victim-heroes and thus stiffen their resolve. 1975 P. Fussell Great War & Mod. Mem. vi. 220 Guy Crouchback, Waugh's victim-hero. Derivatives ˈvictim v. (transitive) to slay in sacrifice. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > sacrifice [verb (transitive)] offereOE teemc1275 sacrea1325 sacrify1390 sacrificea1400 presentc1425 exhibit1490 immolate1548 immole1610 shrine?1611 victim1671 victimize1853 oblate1872 1671 J. Crowne Juliana i. 11 Barbarous Idol, not content with blood, But must have Kingdoms victim'd at thy Altars! 1694 J. Crowne Married Beau iv. 54 I'll rather Victim A hecatomb of such as thou to her. Draft additions July 2002 victims support n. (also victims' support) chiefly British = victim support n. at Additions; usually attributive and with capital initials, esp. in Victims Support Scheme. ΚΠ 1973 E. Turner (title of rep., Bristol constabulary) in P. Rock Helping Victims of Crime (1990) iv. 142 NACRO South Wales and Severn Valley Region project: Bristol Victims Support Scheme. 1993 P. Bryers Adultery Dept. (BNC) 106 He was a volunteer with the Victims Support Scheme. 2002 Orange County (Calif.) Register (Nexis) 12 May She transformed rage into the raw substance from which she forged her life—founding a victims' support group. Draft additions July 2002 victim support n. chiefly British the provision of advice and counselling to victims of crime (or occasionally illness or accident); (also with capital initials) any of various schemes or groups offering such assistance (and sometimes also involved in lobbying for changes in legislation, etc.), esp. the charity (registered in 1979) founded in England in 1974 and now operating in other countries; frequently attributive. ΚΠ 1974 E. Turner (title of unpublished rep.) in P. Rock Helping Victims of Crime (1990) iv. 143 Brief review of the Bristol Victim Support Scheme. 1979 L. A. Medina et al. (title) Evaluation of the juvenile victim support program 10-D: final report. 1990 Health Educ. Jrnl. 49 173/2 (table) The range of counselling services should be expanded, including alcohol, victim support and generic services. 1998 Community Care 12 Feb. 18/1 Victim Support sees victims shortly after the crime, usually as referrals by the police or as self-referrals. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1497
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