vervainn.

Brit.

/ˈvəːveɪn/, U.S.

/ˈvərˌveɪn/

Forms:

α. Middle English verveyn, Middle English verweyne, Middle English werweyn, Middle English–1500s verueyn, Middle English–1500s verueyne, Middle English–1600s verueine, Middle English 1600s verveyne, Middle English 1600s– vervein, late Middle English verue (transmission error), late Middle English vervoyne, late Middle English verwoyne, late Middle English werwoyne, 1500s–1600s veruein, 1600s 1900s– verveine.

β. Middle English–1500s veruene, Middle English–1600s veruen, late Middle English veruena, 1500s werwene (Scottish), 1500s–1700s verven, 1600s vervene; Caribbean 2000s– velven, 2000s– verven.

γ. late Middle English ferbayn, late Middle English verbayn, late Middle English vervayne, late Middle English verwayne, late Middle English warwayn, late Middle English–1500s veruayn, late Middle English–1600s veruayne, 1500s–1600s veruain, 1500s–1600s veruaine, 1600s vervaine, 1600s vervan (perhaps transmission error), 1600s vervane, 1600s– vervain.

δ. late Middle English verbyn, late Middle English vermyne (transmission error), late Middle English vervyne, late Middle English wervyn, late Middle English–1500s vervyn, 1500s veruyn, 1500s veruyne, 1500s–1600s veruin, 1500s–1600s veruine, 1500s–1700s vervin, 1500s– vervine, 1600s varuin, 1900s verryvine (Caribbean), 1900s– vorivine (Caribbean).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French verveine.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, vervaine, verveine, vervene, vervoine, verbaine verbena (12th cent.; French verveine, †vervene) < classical Latin verbēna verbena n.With the forms ferbayn, verbayn, verbyn, and veruena compare verbena n. and the Latin and French forms cited at that entry.

a. The tall perennial European plant Verbena officinalis (family Verbenaceae), having toothed leaves and spikes of small mauve flowers, (formerly) sometimes regarded as having therapeutic or magical properties. More fully common vervain, †straight vervain, †upright vervain. Cf. verbena n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > vervain

berbineeOE

ironhardOE

vervain?a1300

verbena?a1425

columbinec1450

holy herb1567

Juno's tears1597

pigeon's grass1597

simpler's joy1754

α.

?a1300 in S. G. Hamilton Catal. MSS Worcester Cathedral (1906) 185 Verbena, verveyne.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 4039 (MED) Tok sche fieldwode and verveyne, Of herbes ben noght betre tueine.

c1425 tr. J. Arderne Treat. Fistula (Sloane 6) (1910) 64 Vitriol..made with Iuyse of moleyn, or of plantayne, or verueyn.

a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 1056 Herbis..as..Verbayn, Lunarye, and Mortagon.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Verveine masle, Male Verueine, straight or vpright Verueine, common Verueine.

1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden xviii. 38 The late Witch of Salisbury, who sent her Ruffian-like spirits to gather Vervein and Dill.

1706 J. Stevens New Spanish Dict. i. Verbena, the Herb Vervein.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1210/1 The common name of Verbena officinalis,..Vervein, our only native species.

1874 A. O'Shaughnessy Music & Moonlight 161 Between the pathway and the wood She seemed to make a softer clime For vervein, violet, and thyme.

1909 W. S. Furneaux Field & Woodland Plants xiii. 196 In the order Verbenaceæ we have the common Vervein (Verbena officinalis), a common plant in the dry wastes of the South of England.

2010 S. Malicote Image & Imagination ii. 49 Vervein, for example, has received recent study as a ‘wonder drug’.

β. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 329 (MED) Medicyns þat ben symple, coold & drie..veruene, Semper viua..Acetosa.1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 64 Veruen, of some after their language is called Holy Herbe.1591 T. Lodge Famous Life Duke of Normandy f. 2^v Thou art like the veruen..poyson one wayes, and pleasure an other.1651 Vicary's Surgion's Directorie 276 Take Bitton, Verven, Selondine, Waybroad, Rewe, Wall-woort and Sage.1749 T. Short Gen. Chronol. Hist. Air II. 521 Or a Decoction of Verven, Marjoram, Hysop, Maidenhair, Calamint, Bugloss, Flowers of Elder.γ. a1425 (a1399) Forme of Cury (BL Add.) 180 in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler Curye on Inglysch (1985) 138 Take persel, myntes, sauerey & sauge, tansey, veruayn [?a1425 Bühler 36 ferbayn]..hewe hem & grinde hem smale.1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 125 Verbena recta,..Upright or straight Veruayne.1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 580 There be two kindes of Veruaine as Pliny saith, the male, and the female; or as others affirme, vpright, and creeping.1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxii. 439 Vervain..is good against Tertian and Quartan Agues.1759 W. Mason Caractacus 9 Lift your boughs of vervain blue, Dipt in cold September dew.1760 E. Burke Ess. Abridgm. Eng. Hist. 20 The Druids also looked upon vervain, and some other plants as holy.1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. viii. 226 You have used neither charm,..magic mirror, or geomantic figure. Where be..your May-fearn, your vervain?1900 N. Blanchan Nature's Garden 41 Ages before Christians ascribed healing virtues to the vervain—found growing on Mount Calvary, and therefore possessing every sort of miraculous power, according to the logic of simple peasant folk—the Druids had counted it among their sacred plants.1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) IV. 2211/2 V[erbena] officinalis. Vervain, Pigeon's Grass.2007 It's Fate Apr. 13/2 Grow vervain in the garden or house, as it'll draw money and prosperity to you.δ. ?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 85^v (MED) Take vervyne, betayne, mylfoly, and wyne; drinke the juis.a1500 in W. L. Braekman Of Hawks & Horses (1986) 81 (MED) Take a pynte off rede wyn lyes, and a handfull off whete branne..and half an handfull off vervyn..and make a playster þer off and ley hit to as hote as the horse may suffyr hit.1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 162 The second kinde of Veruine... The leaues of thys..are good agaynst..serpentes.?1610 J. Fletcher Faithfull Shepheardesse ii. sig. D1^v And thou light Varuin to, thou must goe after Prouoking easie soules to mirth and laughter.1802 in W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border II. 371 Gin ye wish to be leman mine, Lay off the St. John's wort and the vervine.

b. Any of various other plants of (or formerly included in) the genus Verbena or family Verbenaceae. Also with distinguishing word.rose-coloured vervain: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Verbenaceae family or plants > [noun]

verbene1527

vervain1578

wild hyssop1660

fogfruit1817

velvet-bur1866

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. lxxxvi.126 The flatte or creeping Vervayne, hath tender, hearie and square stalkes or branches of the length of a foote.

1601 R. Chester Loves Martyr 90 Base or flat Veruine, and the wholesome Tansie.

1651 J. F. tr. H. C. Agrippa Three Bks. Occult Philos. ii. xiii. 218 (table) Twelve Plants... Upright Vervain. Bending Vervain. Comfrey.

?1711 J. Petiver Gazophylacii X. Table 93 Luzone Vervain with Mint like Leaves.

1737 J. Brickell Nat. Hist. N.-Carolina 22 Vervine is very common here, being Spontaneous.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The fine-leaved Vervain... The narrow-leav'd nettle Vervain of America.

1842 Penny Cycl. XXII. 403/2 Many of them [sc. species of Stachytarpha] have been described as Vervains, but they are distinct from that genus.

1862 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) II. 255 The name of Vervain Humming-bird has been given to this tiny creature, because it is in the habit of feeding on the blossoms of the West Indian Vervain.

1893 C. Sullivan Jamaica Cookery Bk. 112 Vervine tea. The leaves of the vervine plant the people use as a refreshing morning tea sweetened to taste.

1924 G. Larsson in B. C. Williams O. Henry Prize Stories of 1923 109 ‘That's blue vervain’! screamed Kaisa, raising her arms in horror.

1942 Trans. Royal Soc. Trop. Med. & Hygiene 35 251 Among Barbadians, vervein is applied to the ulcers.

1969 D. F. Costello Prairie World (1975) ix. 172 In midsummer of the third year the pond was dry once more. The deepest part was densely covered with vervain (Verbena bracteata).

2011 P. Folley Guide Okla. Wildflowers 183 Hoary vervain is native to Oklahoma and common across the entire state along roadsides, in pastures, and in old fields.

2. Roman History. A plant or plants used for ritual or ceremonial purposes in ancient Rome; cf. verbena n. 2.The identity of these plants is uncertain; they are often said to have included myrtle, olive, and bay, but in some quots. probably identified as common vervain (cf. sense 1a).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > symbol (general) > non-Christian symbols or images > [noun] > leaves or twigs

vervaina1522

verbene1533

verbena1600

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. iii. l. 19 Thar hedis dicht In wyppys of the haly herb vervane.

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Verbenarius, was one of the ambassadors sent from the Romans vnto their enmies, whiche ware on his heed a garland of veruyn.

1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) vii. f. 84 Altars twayne of Turfe she builded:..Both the which assoone as she had dight With Veruin [etc.].

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxx. xliii. 771 They should carrie with them every one by himselfe, certaine flint stones of their owne, and likewise Verven.

1605 B. Jonson Sejanus v. i. 177 Bestow your Ghyrlonds: and (with reuerence) place The Veruin on the Altar.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 38 Bind those Altars round With Fillets; and with Vervain strow the Ground.

1720 J. Ozell et al. tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic I. v. 276 Shall we..say to the Æqui and Sabines, take Branches of Vervain, and return and sue to us humbly for Peace?

1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Eclogues viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 55 Festoon these altars, and fat vervains burn.

1863 J. Conington tr. Horace Odes iv. xi. 7 The altar, strew'd With vervain, hungers for the flow Of lambkin's blood.

1971 Stud. Eng. Lit. 1500–1900 11 272 In a theatrically effective scene..Jonson gives us a glimpse of Rome at worship. The priest prepares the altar with garland and vervain for sacrifices.

2017 H. Roth Witching Herbs viii. 131 This sounds a lot like Pliny's description of how the Roman priests dressed Jupiter's altar with vervain.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as vervain family, vervain root, vervain tree, etc.

ΚΠ

?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe i. sig. B ii^v Take an handfull of Betony, an handfull of Camomile, and an handfull of Veruayne leaues pyked, stampe them and seeth them in blacke Worte, or in Ale for lacke of it.

a1631 G. Harvey Marginalia (1913) 182 Redd Roses, Verueyn rootes,..Good for the sight.

1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 144 Which signifies the Ricinus, or a kind of Vervain Tree .

1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. ii. iii. 611 The Vervain Order.—Herbs, shrubs, or trees.

1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 163/2 The vervain genus gives its name to the natural order (Verbenaceæ) of which it is a member.

1906 Bull. N.Y. Bot. Garden 5 177 Following this is the vervain family, and some of these shrubs are especially attractive in fruit.

1955 G. Grigson Englishman's Flora 314 In England Vervain garlands were worn on St John's Eve.

2014 M. J. Balick Rodale's 21st-Cent. Herbal ii. 301/1 Vervain tea or tincture is sometimes recommended for the treatment of coughs, bronchitis, and sore throats.

C2.

vervain hummingbird n. a very small hummingbird with grey and green plumage, Mellisuga minima, native to the Caribbean.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Apodiformes > [noun] > family Trochilidae (humming-bird) > unspecified and miscellaneous types of

zumbador1758

sunbeam1769

black warrior1831

hermit-bird1837

Anna's hummingbird1839

jacobin1843

straight-tail1843

vervain hummingbird1847

wedge-bill1848

fiery topaz1854

sungem1856

wood-star1859

calliope1861

rainbow1861

sabre-wing1861

sawbill1861

swallowtail1861

sword-bill1861

thorn-bill1861

visor-bearer1861

warrior1861

wood-nymph1861

puffleg1869

calliope hummingbird1872

flame-bearer1882

shear-tail1885

plature1890

rainbow starfrontlet1966

1847 P. H. Gosse & R. Hill Birds of Jamaica 127 (heading) Vervain Humming-bird.

1909 F. W. Knowlton et al. Birds of World i 554. The Vervain Hummingbird of Jamaica was supposed to be the smallest bird, but it is trifle larger than the Fairy.

2016 I. Nandi Everything you need to know about Birds 75/2 Vervain Hummingbirds lay the smallest eggs, which is just as well considering they build nests the size of half a walnut.

vervain mallow n. (also †vervain mallows) a tall Eurasian mallow which has palmately lobed leaves and pink or white flowers and is widely cultivated as a garden plant, Malva alcea.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Malvaceae (mallows and allies) > [noun]

hockc725

malloweOE

crisp mallowa1300

altheaa1398

mawa1400

maula1425

alceac1440

malva1527

vervain mallow1548

cut mallow1565

dwarf mallow1578

curled mallow1620

musk1728

Sida1753

curled-leaved mallow1754

marshmallow1814

round dock1825

mallow wort1845

crisped-leaved mallow1846

Modiola1856

velvet-leaf1856

fairy cheeses1869

pancakes1882

frog cheese1886

musk plant1898

1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. A.vj^v Alcea..in englishe..maye be named Veruen mallowe, or cut mallowe.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Guimauves sauvages, the wild Mallowes called, Veruine Mallowes, cut Mallowes, and Simons Mallowes.

1869 Under Crown June 549 She says it's time those vervain mallows were transplanted.

1915 H. H. Thomas Bk. Hardy Flowers 276 The kinds usually found in gardens are Alcea, a European perennial growing 4 feet or more high, with pink or reddish flowers, commonly called the Vervain Mallow.

2006 S. Clemants & C. Gracie Wildflowers Field & Forest 74 Vervain mallow Malva alcea Plants erect, 12-40″, hairy. Leaves round or kidney-shaped... Gardens, weedy places.

vervain sage n. a tall Eurasian sage with hairy stems and branches, toothed leaves, and purple flowers, Salvia verbenaca; also called wild clary.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > wild sage

oculus Christi?a1425

clary1538

vervain sage1777

salvia1844

1777 S. Robson Brit. Flora 189 Salvia verbenaca... Vervain Sage. English wild Clary.

1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Vervain-sage, a European species of sage (Salvia Verbenaca) with small bluish flowers, sparingly naturalized in the United States.

1996 Chiltern Seeds Catal. 210 Wild Clary, Vervain Sage. A native wild flower of dry pastures, this is a slightly aromatic plant with wrinkled, coarsely toothed leaves.

Derivatives

ˈvervain-like adj. now rare

ΚΠ

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Veronica American shrubby Speedwell, with vervain-like leaves.

1832 C. Don Gen. Hist. Dichlamydeous Plants II. 224/2 Vervain-like Dalea.

1839 G. T. Lay in C. W. King & G. T. Lay Claims of Japan & Malaysia upon Christendom II. 107 The little vervain-like plant, zapania nodiflora, is seen in great abundance.

2002 D. Gledhill Names Plants (ed. 3) 301 Verbenaca, verbeni-, from a name in Pliny, vervain-like.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	vervain
释义	vervainn. Brit. /ˈvəːveɪn/, U.S. /ˈvərˌveɪn/ Forms: α. Middle English verveyn, Middle English verweyne, Middle English werweyn, Middle English–1500s verueyn, Middle English–1500s verueyne, Middle English–1600s verueine, Middle English 1600s verveyne, Middle English 1600s– vervein, late Middle English verue (transmission error), late Middle English vervoyne, late Middle English verwoyne, late Middle English werwoyne, 1500s–1600s veruein, 1600s 1900s– verveine. β. Middle English–1500s veruene, Middle English–1600s veruen, late Middle English veruena, 1500s werwene (Scottish), 1500s–1700s verven, 1600s vervene; Caribbean 2000s– velven, 2000s– verven. γ. late Middle English ferbayn, late Middle English verbayn, late Middle English vervayne, late Middle English verwayne, late Middle English warwayn, late Middle English–1500s veruayn, late Middle English–1600s veruayne, 1500s–1600s veruain, 1500s–1600s veruaine, 1600s vervaine, 1600s vervan (perhaps transmission error), 1600s vervane, 1600s– vervain. δ. late Middle English verbyn, late Middle English vermyne (transmission error), late Middle English vervyne, late Middle English wervyn, late Middle English–1500s vervyn, 1500s veruyn, 1500s veruyne, 1500s–1600s veruin, 1500s–1600s veruine, 1500s–1700s vervin, 1500s– vervine, 1600s varuin, 1900s verryvine (Caribbean), 1900s– vorivine (Caribbean). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French verveine. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, vervaine, verveine, vervene, vervoine, verbaine verbena (12th cent.; French verveine, †vervene) < classical Latin verbēna verbena n.With the forms ferbayn, verbayn, verbyn, and veruena compare verbena n. and the Latin and French forms cited at that entry. 1. a. The tall perennial European plant Verbena officinalis (family Verbenaceae), having toothed leaves and spikes of small mauve flowers, (formerly) sometimes regarded as having therapeutic or magical properties. More fully common vervain, †straight vervain, †upright vervain. Cf. verbena n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > vervain berbineeOE ironhardOE vervain?a1300 verbena?a1425 columbinec1450 holy herb1567 Juno's tears1597 pigeon's grass1597 simpler's joy1754 α. ?a1300 in S. G. Hamilton Catal. MSS Worcester Cathedral (1906) 185 Verbena, verveyne. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 4039 (MED) Tok sche fieldwode and verveyne, Of herbes ben noght betre tueine. c1425 tr. J. Arderne Treat. Fistula (Sloane 6) (1910) 64 Vitriol..made with Iuyse of moleyn, or of plantayne, or verueyn. a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 1056 Herbis..as..Verbayn, Lunarye, and Mortagon. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Verveine masle, Male Verueine, straight or vpright Verueine, common Verueine. 1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden xviii. 38 The late Witch of Salisbury, who sent her Ruffian-like spirits to gather Vervein and Dill. 1706 J. Stevens New Spanish Dict. i. Verbena, the Herb Vervein. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1210/1 The common name of Verbena officinalis,..Vervein, our only native species. 1874 A. O'Shaughnessy Music & Moonlight 161 Between the pathway and the wood She seemed to make a softer clime For vervein, violet, and thyme. 1909 W. S. Furneaux Field & Woodland Plants xiii. 196 In the order Verbenaceæ we have the common Vervein (Verbena officinalis), a common plant in the dry wastes of the South of England. 2010 S. Malicote Image & Imagination ii. 49 Vervein, for example, has received recent study as a ‘wonder drug’. β. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 329 (MED) Medicyns þat ben symple, coold & drie..veruene, Semper viua..Acetosa.1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 64 Veruen, of some after their language is called Holy Herbe.1591 T. Lodge Famous Life Duke of Normandy f. 2^v Thou art like the veruen..poyson one wayes, and pleasure an other.1651 Vicary's Surgion's Directorie 276 Take Bitton, Verven, Selondine, Waybroad, Rewe, Wall-woort and Sage.1749 T. Short Gen. Chronol. Hist. Air II. 521 Or a Decoction of Verven, Marjoram, Hysop, Maidenhair, Calamint, Bugloss, Flowers of Elder.γ. a1425 (a1399) Forme of Cury (BL Add.) 180 in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler Curye on Inglysch (1985) 138 Take persel, myntes, sauerey & sauge, tansey, veruayn [?a1425 Bühler 36 ferbayn]..hewe hem & grinde hem smale.1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 125 Verbena recta,..Upright or straight Veruayne.1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 580 There be two kindes of Veruaine as Pliny saith, the male, and the female; or as others affirme, vpright, and creeping.1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxii. 439 Vervain..is good against Tertian and Quartan Agues.1759 W. Mason Caractacus 9 Lift your boughs of vervain blue, Dipt in cold September dew.1760 E. Burke Ess. Abridgm. Eng. Hist. 20 The Druids also looked upon vervain, and some other plants as holy.1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. viii. 226 You have used neither charm,..magic mirror, or geomantic figure. Where be..your May-fearn, your vervain?1900 N. Blanchan Nature's Garden 41 Ages before Christians ascribed healing virtues to the vervain—found growing on Mount Calvary, and therefore possessing every sort of miraculous power, according to the logic of simple peasant folk—the Druids had counted it among their sacred plants.1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) IV. 2211/2 V[erbena] officinalis. Vervain, Pigeon's Grass.2007 It's Fate Apr. 13/2 Grow vervain in the garden or house, as it'll draw money and prosperity to you.δ. ?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 85^v (MED) Take vervyne, betayne, mylfoly, and wyne; drinke the juis.a1500 in W. L. Braekman Of Hawks & Horses (1986) 81 (MED) Take a pynte off rede wyn lyes, and a handfull off whete branne..and half an handfull off vervyn..and make a playster þer off and ley hit to as hote as the horse may suffyr hit.1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 162 The second kinde of Veruine... The leaues of thys..are good agaynst..serpentes.?1610 J. Fletcher Faithfull Shepheardesse ii. sig. D1^v And thou light Varuin to, thou must goe after Prouoking easie soules to mirth and laughter.1802 in W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border II. 371 Gin ye wish to be leman mine, Lay off the St. John's wort and the vervine. b. Any of various other plants of (or formerly included in) the genus Verbena or family Verbenaceae. Also with distinguishing word.rose-coloured vervain: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Verbenaceae family or plants > [noun] verbene1527 vervain1578 wild hyssop1660 fogfruit1817 velvet-bur1866 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. lxxxvi.126 The flatte or creeping Vervayne, hath tender, hearie and square stalkes or branches of the length of a foote. 1601 R. Chester Loves Martyr 90 Base or flat Veruine, and the wholesome Tansie. 1651 J. F. tr. H. C. Agrippa Three Bks. Occult Philos. ii. xiii. 218 (table) Twelve Plants... Upright Vervain. Bending Vervain. Comfrey. ?1711 J. Petiver Gazophylacii X. Table 93 Luzone Vervain with Mint like Leaves. 1737 J. Brickell Nat. Hist. N.-Carolina 22 Vervine is very common here, being Spontaneous. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The fine-leaved Vervain... The narrow-leav'd nettle Vervain of America. 1842 Penny Cycl. XXII. 403/2 Many of them [sc. species of Stachytarpha] have been described as Vervains, but they are distinct from that genus. 1862 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) II. 255 The name of Vervain Humming-bird has been given to this tiny creature, because it is in the habit of feeding on the blossoms of the West Indian Vervain. 1893 C. Sullivan Jamaica Cookery Bk. 112 Vervine tea. The leaves of the vervine plant the people use as a refreshing morning tea sweetened to taste. 1924 G. Larsson in B. C. Williams O. Henry Prize Stories of 1923 109 ‘That's blue vervain’! screamed Kaisa, raising her arms in horror. 1942 Trans. Royal Soc. Trop. Med. & Hygiene 35 251 Among Barbadians, vervein is applied to the ulcers. 1969 D. F. Costello Prairie World (1975) ix. 172 In midsummer of the third year the pond was dry once more. The deepest part was densely covered with vervain (Verbena bracteata). 2011 P. Folley Guide Okla. Wildflowers 183 Hoary vervain is native to Oklahoma and common across the entire state along roadsides, in pastures, and in old fields. 2. Roman History. A plant or plants used for ritual or ceremonial purposes in ancient Rome; cf. verbena n. 2.The identity of these plants is uncertain; they are often said to have included myrtle, olive, and bay, but in some quots. probably identified as common vervain (cf. sense 1a). ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > symbol (general) > non-Christian symbols or images > [noun] > leaves or twigs vervaina1522 verbene1533 verbena1600 a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. iii. l. 19 Thar hedis dicht In wyppys of the haly herb vervane. 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Verbenarius, was one of the ambassadors sent from the Romans vnto their enmies, whiche ware on his heed a garland of veruyn. 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) vii. f. 84 Altars twayne of Turfe she builded:..Both the which assoone as she had dight With Veruin [etc.]. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxx. xliii. 771 They should carrie with them every one by himselfe, certaine flint stones of their owne, and likewise Verven. 1605 B. Jonson Sejanus v. i. 177 Bestow your Ghyrlonds: and (with reuerence) place The Veruin on the Altar. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 38 Bind those Altars round With Fillets; and with Vervain strow the Ground. 1720 J. Ozell et al. tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic I. v. 276 Shall we..say to the Æqui and Sabines, take Branches of Vervain, and return and sue to us humbly for Peace? 1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Eclogues viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 55 Festoon these altars, and fat vervains burn. 1863 J. Conington tr. Horace Odes iv. xi. 7 The altar, strew'd With vervain, hungers for the flow Of lambkin's blood. 1971 Stud. Eng. Lit. 1500–1900 11 272 In a theatrically effective scene..Jonson gives us a glimpse of Rome at worship. The priest prepares the altar with garland and vervain for sacrifices. 2017 H. Roth Witching Herbs viii. 131 This sounds a lot like Pliny's description of how the Roman priests dressed Jupiter's altar with vervain. Compounds C1. General attributive, as vervain family, vervain root, vervain tree, etc. ΚΠ ?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe i. sig. B ii^v Take an handfull of Betony, an handfull of Camomile, and an handfull of Veruayne leaues pyked, stampe them and seeth them in blacke Worte, or in Ale for lacke of it. a1631 G. Harvey Marginalia (1913) 182 Redd Roses, Verueyn rootes,..Good for the sight. 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 144 Which signifies the Ricinus, or a kind of Vervain Tree . 1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. ii. iii. 611 The Vervain Order.—Herbs, shrubs, or trees. 1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 163/2 The vervain genus gives its name to the natural order (Verbenaceæ) of which it is a member. 1906 Bull. N.Y. Bot. Garden 5 177 Following this is the vervain family, and some of these shrubs are especially attractive in fruit. 1955 G. Grigson Englishman's Flora 314 In England Vervain garlands were worn on St John's Eve. 2014 M. J. Balick Rodale's 21st-Cent. Herbal ii. 301/1 Vervain tea or tincture is sometimes recommended for the treatment of coughs, bronchitis, and sore throats. C2. vervain hummingbird n. a very small hummingbird with grey and green plumage, Mellisuga minima, native to the Caribbean. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Apodiformes > [noun] > family Trochilidae (humming-bird) > unspecified and miscellaneous types of zumbador1758 sunbeam1769 black warrior1831 hermit-bird1837 Anna's hummingbird1839 jacobin1843 straight-tail1843 vervain hummingbird1847 wedge-bill1848 fiery topaz1854 sungem1856 wood-star1859 calliope1861 rainbow1861 sabre-wing1861 sawbill1861 swallowtail1861 sword-bill1861 thorn-bill1861 visor-bearer1861 warrior1861 wood-nymph1861 puffleg1869 calliope hummingbird1872 flame-bearer1882 shear-tail1885 plature1890 rainbow starfrontlet1966 1847 P. H. Gosse & R. Hill Birds of Jamaica 127 (heading) Vervain Humming-bird. 1909 F. W. Knowlton et al. Birds of World i 554. The Vervain Hummingbird of Jamaica was supposed to be the smallest bird, but it is trifle larger than the Fairy. 2016 I. Nandi Everything you need to know about Birds 75/2 Vervain Hummingbirds lay the smallest eggs, which is just as well considering they build nests the size of half a walnut. vervain mallow n. (also †vervain mallows) a tall Eurasian mallow which has palmately lobed leaves and pink or white flowers and is widely cultivated as a garden plant, Malva alcea. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Malvaceae (mallows and allies) > [noun] hockc725 malloweOE crisp mallowa1300 altheaa1398 mawa1400 maula1425 alceac1440 malva1527 vervain mallow1548 cut mallow1565 dwarf mallow1578 curled mallow1620 musk1728 Sida1753 curled-leaved mallow1754 marshmallow1814 round dock1825 mallow wort1845 crisped-leaved mallow1846 Modiola1856 velvet-leaf1856 fairy cheeses1869 pancakes1882 frog cheese1886 musk plant1898 1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. A.vj^v Alcea..in englishe..maye be named Veruen mallowe, or cut mallowe. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Guimauves sauvages, the wild Mallowes called, Veruine Mallowes, cut Mallowes, and Simons Mallowes. 1869 Under Crown June 549 She says it's time those vervain mallows were transplanted. 1915 H. H. Thomas Bk. Hardy Flowers 276 The kinds usually found in gardens are Alcea, a European perennial growing 4 feet or more high, with pink or reddish flowers, commonly called the Vervain Mallow. 2006 S. Clemants & C. Gracie Wildflowers Field & Forest 74 Vervain mallow Malva alcea Plants erect, 12-40″, hairy. Leaves round or kidney-shaped... Gardens, weedy places. vervain sage n. a tall Eurasian sage with hairy stems and branches, toothed leaves, and purple flowers, Salvia verbenaca; also called wild clary. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > wild sage oculus Christi?a1425 clary1538 vervain sage1777 salvia1844 1777 S. Robson Brit. Flora 189 Salvia verbenaca... Vervain Sage. English wild Clary. 1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Vervain-sage, a European species of sage (Salvia Verbenaca) with small bluish flowers, sparingly naturalized in the United States. 1996 Chiltern Seeds Catal. 210 Wild Clary, Vervain Sage. A native wild flower of dry pastures, this is a slightly aromatic plant with wrinkled, coarsely toothed leaves. Derivatives ˈvervain-like adj. now rare ΚΠ 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Veronica American shrubby Speedwell, with vervain-like leaves. 1832 C. Don Gen. Hist. Dichlamydeous Plants II. 224/2 Vervain-like Dalea. 1839 G. T. Lay in C. W. King & G. T. Lay Claims of Japan & Malaysia upon Christendom II. 107 The little vervain-like plant, zapania nodiflora, is seen in great abundance. 2002 D. Gledhill Names Plants (ed. 3) 301 Verbenaca, verbeni-, from a name in Pliny, vervain-like. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?a1300
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