Vulcaniann.adj.

Brit.

/vʌlˈkeɪnɪən/, U.S.

/vəlˈkeɪniən/

Forms: 1500s– Vulcanian, 1600s 1900s– Vulcanean. Also (in senses B. 3 and B. 5) with lower-case initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin Volcānius , -an suffix.

Etymology: < classical Latin Volcānius, Vulcānius of or associated with Vulcan, in post-classical Latin also volcanic (1646 in the passage translated in quot. 1656 at sense B. 3; < Volcānus , Vulcānus Vulcan n. + -ius , suffix forming adjectives) + -an suffix. Compare French vulcanien of or relating to the Roman god Vulcan (1571 in Middle French). Compare volcanian adj.In sense B. 5 after Italian Vulcaniano (originally in fase Vulcaniana Vulcanian phase; O. Silvestre 1889, in Annali dell'Ufficio centrale meteorologico e geodinamico italiano 2nd Ser. 9 iv. 114), so called with reference to the name of Vulcano , one of the Aeolian Islands (compare quot. 1976 at sense B. 5 and see discussion at Vulcan n.), reflecting observations on the eruption of 1888–90 made by the Italian volcanologist Giuseppe Mercalli; compare French vulcanien (1890 in this sense; 18th cent. or earlier designating the Aeolian Islands). With forms in -ean compare -ean suffix.

†A. n.

A cuckold; a man whose wife has been unfaithful to him. Cf. Vulcan n. 2a. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > fornication, adultery, or incest > [noun] > adultery > husband of adulterous wife

cuckolda1250

cornutoc1430

unicorn1509

hoddypolla1529

summer bird1541

Actaeon1567

knight of the forked order1586

Vulcanian1598

hoddy-doddy1601

becco1604

ram-head1605

cornute1608

horn-stock1611

skimmington1623

horn-heada1640

tup1652

half-moon1659

cuck1706

1598 J. Marston Certaine Satyres in Metamorph. Pigmalions Image 41 Yet Muto, like a good Vulcanian, An honest Cuckold, calls the bastard sonne, And brags of that which others for him done.

B. adj.

a. Of or relating to the Roman god Vulcan; characteristic of or associated with Vulcan.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [adjective] > of or relating to Vulcan

Vulcanian1602

Hephaestian1658

vulcanic1660

1602 F. Herring tr. J. Oberndorf Anatomyes True Physition 5 They reiect incomparable Galens learned Commentarie.., hauing found thorow Paracelsus Vulcanian shop a more compendious..way.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 121 Nor cou'd Vulcanian Flame The Stench abolish [L. aut uincere flamma]; or the Savour tame.

1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey V. xx. 154 Mean-time the menial train with unctuous wood Heap'd high the genial hearth, Vulcanian food.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xxiii. 41 Many a saginated boar bright-tusk'd, Amid fierce flames Vulcanian stretch'd to roast.

1854 H. E. J. Howard Rape Proserpine 15 The ponderous gates, the threshold, and the wall, Cast in Vulcanian mould, were iron all.

1865 J. Ruskin Sesame & Lilies i. 112 An armour, forged in diviner fire by Vulcanian force.

1912 J. C. Morton Hero & Man xxvi. 382 Through the darkness shone an undertone of refraction, like the glow from some Vulcanian forge.

1969 D. S. Landes Unbound Prometheus v. 265 The shop is generally a vaulted cavern, illuminated by the glow of the furnaces;..the floor is a Vulcanian jungle of puffing steam-driven machines.

2001 C. Caballero Fauré & French Musical Aesthetics iv. 163 If we assert that the genni are only illusions created by workmanship, by Vulcanian dexterity, we obliterate..the ‘irreducible originality’.

b. Fashioned or forged by Vulcan. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [adjective] > of or relating to Vulcan > made by Vulcan

Vulcanian1603

1603 J. Davies Microcosmos 97 Gods feare, that strong Vulcanian Armor, must Guard such good Soules as doe regard it heere.

1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xii. 93 The..slinging Casts of the Vulcanian Thunderbolts.

1718 J. Trapp in tr. Virgil Æneis I. Pref. p. xxiv Ornamental Sculptures upon Homer's Vulcanian Shield.

1769 W. Falconer Shipwreck (ed. 3) iii. 112 Thunders, that shook the skies with dire alarms, And, form'd by skill divine, Vulcanian arms.

1792 D. Lloyd Voy. Life v. 99 Nor brazen walls, Nor bright Vulcanian shields, can stand before Th' intrepid aim of Resolution.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xii. 166 The Vulcanian panoply which Achilles lent to his feebler friend.

1871 J. Lonsdale & S. Lee Virgil (1903) Gen. Introd. 8 Criticism is as powerless against the poet as the sword of the mortal hero against the immortal temper of the Vulcanian shield.

1974 Greece & Rome Apr. 29 If the Vulcanian sword had been allowed to clash on the Vulcanian armour Virgil would have been impaled on the horns of a scholastic dilemma.

†2. Descended from or related to Vulcan. Obsolete.In quot. 1630 in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [adjective] > of or relating to Vulcan > related to

Vulcanian1630

1630 J. Taylor Great Eater of Kent 4 The Vulcanean brood of blacksmiths, fire-men, colliers, gunners, gun-founders, and all sorts of mettle-men.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 520 Vulcanian Cæculus [L. Volcani stirpe creatus Caeculus] renews the Fight; And Umbro born upon the Mountains Height.

1749 G. West tr. Pindar Odes Pythian i. 83 But he, Vulcanian Monster, to the clouds The fiercest, hottest inundations throws.

1805 P. J. Ducarel Poems 47 A cavern..Such as Vulcanian Cacus chose of yore.

3. Volcanic; = volcanian adj. 1. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > volcano > [adjective]

Vulcanian1642

volcanian1665

vulcanic1774

volcanic1776

1642 R. Cudworth Disc. Lords Supper 66 Solinus reports it of the Vulcanian Hill in Sicily, that they which offered Sacrifice upon it, never put fire to it, but expected it should be kindled from Heaven.

1656 tr. T. White Peripateticall Inst. 126 Aetna, Lipara and Hecla..and especially the Vulcanian Mountains of the new world [L. magis autem vulcaniis noui orbis].

1753 Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 354 We arrived at the famous cave of Teyde. It is surrounded on all sides (or rather buried) with large mal-payses, or vulcanian rocks.

1883 Contemp. Rev. Oct. 575 Only by the action of her vulcanian energies can the earth maintain her position as an abode of life.

1997 B. Wagner I'm losing You (1998) 29 Through fields of wheat..and stands of lemon trees they went, Sy, and Serena, until reaching the vulcanean cliffs of Hisn al Ghurab.

4. Geology. Designating a theory attributing the origin of basalt and other crystalline rocks to volcanic action or to igneous processes in general; relating to this theory. Contrasted with Plutonian adj. 2, Neptunian adj. 2b. Cf. volcanian adj. 2. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > theory of formation of earth > [adjective] > internal heat

volcanic1776

Vulcanian1803

volcanian1804

1803 S. Weston Praise of Paris xviii. 58 In his six lectures on Volcanos, he [sc. Faujas] exhausted the subject, and showed us the difference of the several systems, the Vulcanian, the Neptunian, and the Huttonian, which is the Plutonian, and his own opinion.

1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. I. lvii. 720 Mineralogists and geologists have been principally divided into two classes with respect to their theories of the earth, some maintaining the Vulcanian, and some the Neptunian hypothesis.

1850 J. Ogilvie Imperial Dict. at Vulcanist The Vulcanian theory has been expanded and illustrated by Lyell.

1870 E. C. Brewer Dict. Phrase & Fable 939/2 The Vulcanian or Plutonian theory, which ascribes the changes on earth's surface to the agency of fire.

1996 Huntingdon Libr. Q. 59 323 Plutonian or Vulcanian theory..proposed that such anomalies were the result of violent upheavals caused by subterranean fire.

5. Geology. Designating (a phase of) a volcanic eruption characterized by repeated explosive events producing a dense ash column; of or relating to such a phenomenon.Contrasted with Peléan adj.², Plinian adj. 2, Strombolian adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > convulsion > [adjective] > volcanic activity > type or stage of

Vulcanian1892

Strombolian1897

Peléan1903

Plinian1903

phreatic1909

1892 Nature 2 June 118/2 Just as we have the ‘Plinian’ or ‘Vesuvian’ eruptions of Vesuvius accompanied by violent outbursts of ‘ashes’ and welling out of lava, and the incessant, milder ‘Strombolian’ type of eruption, so we may distinguish a ‘Vulcanian’ type.

1912 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 184 412 This hypothesis does not..invalidate the division of the eruption into a ‘Strombolian’ and a ‘Vulcanian’ phase—on the contrary, it supplies a cause for the great and continued dynamism of the ‘Vulcanian’ phase.

1944 C. A. Cotton Volcanoes xii. 183 The chief product of both Vulcanian and Pelean eruptions is ash.

1976 P. Francis Volcanoes v. 169 Probably the best known Vulcanian deposit is one produced by an eruption of Vulcano itself in the 1880s.

1996 Science 26 July 490 The 1994 eruption of Rabaul..involved a small plinian eruption at Vulcan and a vulcanian eruption on the opposite side of the caldera at Tavurvur.

2005 Guardian 13 Jan. (Life section) 7/5 The first thing you learn is that there are Strombolian eruptions, Plinian eruptions and Vulcanian eruptions.

Compounds

Vulcanian Islands n. [after classical Latin insulae Volcāniae, plural (Cicero)] now rare the Aeolian Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Italy > [noun] > Lipari Islands

Vulcanian Islands1621

1621 P. Heylyn Microcosmus 239 The Lesser Ilands dispersed about in this sea are..Vulcanian or Aeolian Ilands.

1690 T. Burnet Theory of Earth iii. 57 There are no volcano's in my opinion, that deserve our observation so much, as those that are in and about the Mediterranean Sea; there is a knot of them called the Vulcanian Islands, from their fiery eruptions.

1705 C. Purshall Ess. Mechanism Macrocosm 83 The Vulcanian Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, are said to be of this sort.

1860 Jrnl. Brit. Archæol. Assoc. Mar. 57 The fourth dwelt in the Vulcanian Islands near Sicily.

1922 D. C. Munro Middle Ages v. 51 The Vulcanian islands..burst into eruption on the day when Hannibal took poison at the court of Prusias.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	vulcanian
释义	Vulcaniann.adj. Brit. /vʌlˈkeɪnɪən/, U.S. /vəlˈkeɪniən/ Forms: 1500s– Vulcanian, 1600s 1900s– Vulcanean. Also (in senses B. 3 and B. 5) with lower-case initial. Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin Volcānius , -an suffix. Etymology: < classical Latin Volcānius, Vulcānius of or associated with Vulcan, in post-classical Latin also volcanic (1646 in the passage translated in quot. 1656 at sense B. 3; < Volcānus , Vulcānus Vulcan n. + -ius , suffix forming adjectives) + -an suffix. Compare French vulcanien of or relating to the Roman god Vulcan (1571 in Middle French). Compare volcanian adj.In sense B. 5 after Italian Vulcaniano (originally in fase Vulcaniana Vulcanian phase; O. Silvestre 1889, in Annali dell'Ufficio centrale meteorologico e geodinamico italiano 2nd Ser. 9 iv. 114), so called with reference to the name of Vulcano , one of the Aeolian Islands (compare quot. 1976 at sense B. 5 and see discussion at Vulcan n.), reflecting observations on the eruption of 1888–90 made by the Italian volcanologist Giuseppe Mercalli; compare French vulcanien (1890 in this sense; 18th cent. or earlier designating the Aeolian Islands). With forms in -ean compare -ean suffix. †A. n. A cuckold; a man whose wife has been unfaithful to him. Cf. Vulcan n. 2a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > fornication, adultery, or incest > [noun] > adultery > husband of adulterous wife cuckolda1250 cornutoc1430 unicorn1509 hoddypolla1529 summer bird1541 Actaeon1567 knight of the forked order1586 Vulcanian1598 hoddy-doddy1601 becco1604 ram-head1605 cornute1608 horn-stock1611 skimmington1623 horn-heada1640 tup1652 half-moon1659 cuck1706 1598 J. Marston Certaine Satyres in Metamorph. Pigmalions Image 41 Yet Muto, like a good Vulcanian, An honest Cuckold, calls the bastard sonne, And brags of that which others for him done. B. adj. 1. a. Of or relating to the Roman god Vulcan; characteristic of or associated with Vulcan. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [adjective] > of or relating to Vulcan Vulcanian1602 Hephaestian1658 vulcanic1660 1602 F. Herring tr. J. Oberndorf Anatomyes True Physition 5 They reiect incomparable Galens learned Commentarie.., hauing found thorow Paracelsus Vulcanian shop a more compendious..way. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 121 Nor cou'd Vulcanian Flame The Stench abolish [L. aut uincere flamma]; or the Savour tame. View more context for this quotation 1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey V. xx. 154 Mean-time the menial train with unctuous wood Heap'd high the genial hearth, Vulcanian food. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xxiii. 41 Many a saginated boar bright-tusk'd, Amid fierce flames Vulcanian stretch'd to roast. 1854 H. E. J. Howard Rape Proserpine 15 The ponderous gates, the threshold, and the wall, Cast in Vulcanian mould, were iron all. 1865 J. Ruskin Sesame & Lilies i. 112 An armour, forged in diviner fire by Vulcanian force. 1912 J. C. Morton Hero & Man xxvi. 382 Through the darkness shone an undertone of refraction, like the glow from some Vulcanian forge. 1969 D. S. Landes Unbound Prometheus v. 265 The shop is generally a vaulted cavern, illuminated by the glow of the furnaces;..the floor is a Vulcanian jungle of puffing steam-driven machines. 2001 C. Caballero Fauré & French Musical Aesthetics iv. 163 If we assert that the genni are only illusions created by workmanship, by Vulcanian dexterity, we obliterate..the ‘irreducible originality’. b. Fashioned or forged by Vulcan. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [adjective] > of or relating to Vulcan > made by Vulcan Vulcanian1603 1603 J. Davies Microcosmos 97 Gods feare, that strong Vulcanian Armor, must Guard such good Soules as doe regard it heere. 1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xii. 93 The..slinging Casts of the Vulcanian Thunderbolts. 1718 J. Trapp in tr. Virgil Æneis I. Pref. p. xxiv Ornamental Sculptures upon Homer's Vulcanian Shield. 1769 W. Falconer Shipwreck (ed. 3) iii. 112 Thunders, that shook the skies with dire alarms, And, form'd by skill divine, Vulcanian arms. 1792 D. Lloyd Voy. Life v. 99 Nor brazen walls, Nor bright Vulcanian shields, can stand before Th' intrepid aim of Resolution. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xii. 166 The Vulcanian panoply which Achilles lent to his feebler friend. 1871 J. Lonsdale & S. Lee Virgil (1903) Gen. Introd. 8 Criticism is as powerless against the poet as the sword of the mortal hero against the immortal temper of the Vulcanian shield. 1974 Greece & Rome Apr. 29 If the Vulcanian sword had been allowed to clash on the Vulcanian armour Virgil would have been impaled on the horns of a scholastic dilemma. †2. Descended from or related to Vulcan. Obsolete.In quot. 1630 in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [adjective] > of or relating to Vulcan > related to Vulcanian1630 1630 J. Taylor Great Eater of Kent 4 The Vulcanean brood of blacksmiths, fire-men, colliers, gunners, gun-founders, and all sorts of mettle-men. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 520 Vulcanian Cæculus [L. Volcani stirpe creatus Caeculus] renews the Fight; And Umbro born upon the Mountains Height. 1749 G. West tr. Pindar Odes Pythian i. 83 But he, Vulcanian Monster, to the clouds The fiercest, hottest inundations throws. 1805 P. J. Ducarel Poems 47 A cavern..Such as Vulcanian Cacus chose of yore. 3. Volcanic; = volcanian adj. 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > volcano > [adjective] Vulcanian1642 volcanian1665 vulcanic1774 volcanic1776 1642 R. Cudworth Disc. Lords Supper 66 Solinus reports it of the Vulcanian Hill in Sicily, that they which offered Sacrifice upon it, never put fire to it, but expected it should be kindled from Heaven. 1656 tr. T. White Peripateticall Inst. 126 Aetna, Lipara and Hecla..and especially the Vulcanian Mountains of the new world [L. magis autem vulcaniis noui orbis]. 1753 Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 354 We arrived at the famous cave of Teyde. It is surrounded on all sides (or rather buried) with large mal-payses, or vulcanian rocks. 1883 Contemp. Rev. Oct. 575 Only by the action of her vulcanian energies can the earth maintain her position as an abode of life. 1997 B. Wagner I'm losing You (1998) 29 Through fields of wheat..and stands of lemon trees they went, Sy, and Serena, until reaching the vulcanean cliffs of Hisn al Ghurab. 4. Geology. Designating a theory attributing the origin of basalt and other crystalline rocks to volcanic action or to igneous processes in general; relating to this theory. Contrasted with Plutonian adj. 2, Neptunian adj. 2b. Cf. volcanian adj. 2. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > theory of formation of earth > [adjective] > internal heat volcanic1776 Vulcanian1803 volcanian1804 1803 S. Weston Praise of Paris xviii. 58 In his six lectures on Volcanos, he [sc. Faujas] exhausted the subject, and showed us the difference of the several systems, the Vulcanian, the Neptunian, and the Huttonian, which is the Plutonian, and his own opinion. 1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. I. lvii. 720 Mineralogists and geologists have been principally divided into two classes with respect to their theories of the earth, some maintaining the Vulcanian, and some the Neptunian hypothesis. 1850 J. Ogilvie Imperial Dict. at Vulcanist The Vulcanian theory has been expanded and illustrated by Lyell. 1870 E. C. Brewer Dict. Phrase & Fable 939/2 The Vulcanian or Plutonian theory, which ascribes the changes on earth's surface to the agency of fire. 1996 Huntingdon Libr. Q. 59 323 Plutonian or Vulcanian theory..proposed that such anomalies were the result of violent upheavals caused by subterranean fire. 5. Geology. Designating (a phase of) a volcanic eruption characterized by repeated explosive events producing a dense ash column; of or relating to such a phenomenon.Contrasted with Peléan adj.², Plinian adj. 2, Strombolian adj. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > convulsion > [adjective] > volcanic activity > type or stage of Vulcanian1892 Strombolian1897 Peléan1903 Plinian1903 phreatic1909 1892 Nature 2 June 118/2 Just as we have the ‘Plinian’ or ‘Vesuvian’ eruptions of Vesuvius accompanied by violent outbursts of ‘ashes’ and welling out of lava, and the incessant, milder ‘Strombolian’ type of eruption, so we may distinguish a ‘Vulcanian’ type. 1912 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 184 412 This hypothesis does not..invalidate the division of the eruption into a ‘Strombolian’ and a ‘Vulcanian’ phase—on the contrary, it supplies a cause for the great and continued dynamism of the ‘Vulcanian’ phase. 1944 C. A. Cotton Volcanoes xii. 183 The chief product of both Vulcanian and Pelean eruptions is ash. 1976 P. Francis Volcanoes v. 169 Probably the best known Vulcanian deposit is one produced by an eruption of Vulcano itself in the 1880s. 1996 Science 26 July 490 The 1994 eruption of Rabaul..involved a small plinian eruption at Vulcan and a vulcanian eruption on the opposite side of the caldera at Tavurvur. 2005 Guardian 13 Jan. (Life section) 7/5 The first thing you learn is that there are Strombolian eruptions, Plinian eruptions and Vulcanian eruptions. Compounds Vulcanian Islands n. [after classical Latin insulae Volcāniae, plural (Cicero)] now rare the Aeolian Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Italy > [noun] > Lipari Islands Vulcanian Islands1621 1621 P. Heylyn Microcosmus 239 The Lesser Ilands dispersed about in this sea are..Vulcanian or Aeolian Ilands. 1690 T. Burnet Theory of Earth iii. 57 There are no volcano's in my opinion, that deserve our observation so much, as those that are in and about the Mediterranean Sea; there is a knot of them called the Vulcanian Islands, from their fiery eruptions. 1705 C. Purshall Ess. Mechanism Macrocosm 83 The Vulcanian Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, are said to be of this sort. 1860 Jrnl. Brit. Archæol. Assoc. Mar. 57 The fourth dwelt in the Vulcanian Islands near Sicily. 1922 D. C. Munro Middle Ages v. 51 The Vulcanian islands..burst into eruption on the day when Hannibal took poison at the court of Prusias. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.1598
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