virtuallyadv.

Brit.

/ˈvəːtʃʊəli/,

/ˈvəːtʃᵿli/,

/ˈvəːtʃl̩i/,

/ˈvəːtjʊəli/,

/ˈvəːtjᵿli/, U.S.

/ˈvərtʃ(əw)əli/

Forms: see virtual adj. and n. and -ly suffix²; also Middle English vertuelly.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: virtual adj., -ly suffix².

Etymology: < virtual adj. + -ly suffix². Compare post-classical Latin virtualiter (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources), Middle French vertuaument, virtualement, Middle French, French virtuellement (c1330), Spanish virtualmente (first half of the 15th cent.), Italian virtualmente (a1321).

a. With regard to essence, potentiality, or effect, as distinguished from actual form or specific manner; as far as essential qualities or facts are concerned.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [adverb]

formlyc1374

virtuallya1398

essentially1398

pithily1434

substantial1447

in substance1460

quidditativelyc1600

absolutely1654

constitutionally1766

essential1827

substantively1828

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. i. 442 Þe vertu of God made primordial mater, in þe whiche, as it were in a massy thinge, þe foure elementis were vertualliche [L. potentialiter] and nouȝt distinguid in tale and nombre as beþ now.

c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 49 Serteyn quod she localliche j vnderstonde not but oother weys vertualliche j vnderstonde summe and ymaginatyfliche summe.

a1525 J. Irland Of Penance & Confession in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 52 All thi werkis thou suld ordane and dres actualy, habitualy, or vertualy in God.

1554 J. Gwynneth Manifeste Detection of Notable Falshed f. 30^v It was not then, the same it is nowe, really in dede. And yet is it nowe, the same it was then, virtually in effecte.

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre i. xxiv. 40 But these and many more voluminous engines (for the ramme alone had an hundred men to manage it) are now virtually epitomized in the cannon.

1690 C. Ness Compl. Hist. & Myst. Old & New Test. I. 206 All the lesser pearls..are contain'd vertually in this one diamond.

a1768 T. Secker Serm. Several Subj. (1770) III. xvi. 378 If the Jews had prevailed, they would have imagined their Success a full Proof, that the Messiah was yet virtually, though not corporally, amongst them.

1842 Boston Q. Rev. July 265 It was the race, not individuals, that died in Adam, or individuals only as existing potentially, virtually, but not actually, in the race.

1897 A. Devine Creed Explained (ed. 2) 427 Comprehension..means to know His essence and all that it virtually or eminently contains.

1903 Jrnl. Mental Pathol. 5 54 The limbs, the organs, etc., of the embryo exist virtually in the impregnated ovum.

1994 G. S. Morson Narr. & Freedom iii. 83 If knowledge were perfect, we would see no unrealized possibilities, and we would recognize the future as virtually and unalterably there.

b. In effect, although not according to strict definition; to all intents and purposes; as good as; practically. Later frequently in weakened use: nearly, almost.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [adverb] > virtually

in effectc1405

virtuouslya1475

virtuallya1600

equipollently1642

equivalently1644

physically1690

in substance1737

practically1749

essentially1774

a1600 R. Hooker Disc. Justif. (1612) 32 No man is ignorant of their first principles, which doe vertually containe whatsoever by naturall meanes, is, or can be knowne.

a1626 L. Andrewes XCVI Serm. (1629) xiv. 131 That was but virtually; as good as borne: This, actually; borne indeed.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. iv. 160 Continue correspondency with..some Professour or Secretary, who virtually is the whole University, or State.

1718 M. Prior Alma ii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 345 By the Peep-holes in his Crest, Is it not virtually confest, That there his Eye took distant Aim.

1791 E. Burke Appeal New to Old Whigs 16 It is virtually a begging of the question.

1846 G. H. Haydon Five Years Austral. Felix iii. 26 The several divisions of the country are so vaguely defined as to render accuracy in detail virtually impossible.

1878 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Eng. 18th Cent. I. ii. 301 Before the middle of the 18th century the laws against Catholic worship were virtually obsolete.

1888 Lancet 18 Aug. 335/2 The railway companies commonly submit the eyesight of their servants, virtually their whole staff, to a series of careful tests.

1940 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 45 554 She is still a virtually unsocialized creature.

1989 C. S. Murray Crosstown Traffic vii. 161 Sunday morning was virtually the high spot of his week.

2011 Vanity Fair Nov. 188/1 Banks could sell virtually any product they wanted, on any terms.

†2. In a morally virtuous manner; with regard to moral virtue; virtuously. Cf. virtual adj. 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > [adverb]

wellOE

douthlyc1275

thewedlya1400

virtuouslyc1400

morallya1540

virtually1539

mannerly1566

1539 Proclam. Uniformity Relig. (Cleop. E.v.) in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. cx. 296 [All persons shall] virtually & devoutly..hear their Divine Services & Masses.

1792 C. Pigott Jockey Club 170 Paying homage to those who are virtually the most undeserving,..to the detriment of real virtue.

1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision II. xxx. 141 This man Was..So gifted virtually, that in him All better habits wond'rously had thriv'd.

†3. With power; effectively. Cf. virtual adj. 2a. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > [adverb]

welleOE

sickerly1340

effectuallya1398

speedfully1398

effectuously1424

workingly?a1425

sickerc1450

trimly?a1513

trima1547

purposely1560

operatively1601

tightly1601

virtually1604

feckfullya1614

prevailingly1615

effectively1656

efficaciously1703

efficiently1828

tellingly1832

availingly1853

1604 T. Dekker Magnificent Entertainm. sig. f^v Beames from thine eyes So vertually shining, that they bring, To Englands new Arabia, a new Spring.

†4. With regard to natural or inherent power. Cf. virtual adj. 1a. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1660 R. Burney Κέρδιστον Δῶρον 75 The Prince is not placed in his Chair of State, as the Sun has its spherical collocation amidst the Planets, and is chiefest vertually.

5. Computing. By means of virtual hardware; (now more usually) by means of computerized simulation or (more generally) computer technology. Cf. virtual adj. 9.

ΚΠ

1983 Vmpic—Vmstat in Windows in net.sources (Usenet newsgroup) 31 July Pages are those which are in use by processes and are actually in core (as opposed to ‘virtually’ existing, being out on disk).

1997 Network World 14 Apr. 70/2 Should your avatar have fixed limitations? If so, do those limitations include allowing you to be virtually killed?

2009 Sunday Times (Nexis) 11 Jan. (Features section) 9 Videoconferencing is cheaper than flying, and now you can virtually teleport yourself into someone else's office.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	virtually
释义	virtuallyadv. Brit. /ˈvəːtʃʊəli/, /ˈvəːtʃᵿli/, /ˈvəːtʃl̩i/, /ˈvəːtjʊəli/, /ˈvəːtjᵿli/, U.S. /ˈvərtʃ(əw)əli/ Forms: see virtual adj. and n. and -ly suffix²; also Middle English vertuelly. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: virtual adj., -ly suffix². Etymology: < virtual adj. + -ly suffix². Compare post-classical Latin virtualiter (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources), Middle French vertuaument, virtualement, Middle French, French virtuellement (c1330), Spanish virtualmente (first half of the 15th cent.), Italian virtualmente (a1321). 1. a. With regard to essence, potentiality, or effect, as distinguished from actual form or specific manner; as far as essential qualities or facts are concerned. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [adverb] formlyc1374 virtuallya1398 essentially1398 pithily1434 substantial1447 in substance1460 quidditativelyc1600 absolutely1654 constitutionally1766 essential1827 substantively1828 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. i. 442 Þe vertu of God made primordial mater, in þe whiche, as it were in a massy thinge, þe foure elementis were vertualliche [L. potentialiter] and nouȝt distinguid in tale and nombre as beþ now. c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 49 Serteyn quod she localliche j vnderstonde not but oother weys vertualliche j vnderstonde summe and ymaginatyfliche summe. a1525 J. Irland Of Penance & Confession in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 52 All thi werkis thou suld ordane and dres actualy, habitualy, or vertualy in God. 1554 J. Gwynneth Manifeste Detection of Notable Falshed f. 30^v It was not then, the same it is nowe, really in dede. And yet is it nowe, the same it was then, virtually in effecte. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre i. xxiv. 40 But these and many more voluminous engines (for the ramme alone had an hundred men to manage it) are now virtually epitomized in the cannon. 1690 C. Ness Compl. Hist. & Myst. Old & New Test. I. 206 All the lesser pearls..are contain'd vertually in this one diamond. a1768 T. Secker Serm. Several Subj. (1770) III. xvi. 378 If the Jews had prevailed, they would have imagined their Success a full Proof, that the Messiah was yet virtually, though not corporally, amongst them. 1842 Boston Q. Rev. July 265 It was the race, not individuals, that died in Adam, or individuals only as existing potentially, virtually, but not actually, in the race. 1897 A. Devine Creed Explained (ed. 2) 427 Comprehension..means to know His essence and all that it virtually or eminently contains. 1903 Jrnl. Mental Pathol. 5 54 The limbs, the organs, etc., of the embryo exist virtually in the impregnated ovum. 1994 G. S. Morson Narr. & Freedom iii. 83 If knowledge were perfect, we would see no unrealized possibilities, and we would recognize the future as virtually and unalterably there. b. In effect, although not according to strict definition; to all intents and purposes; as good as; practically. Later frequently in weakened use: nearly, almost. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [adverb] > virtually in effectc1405 virtuouslya1475 virtuallya1600 equipollently1642 equivalently1644 physically1690 in substance1737 practically1749 essentially1774 a1600 R. Hooker Disc. Justif. (1612) 32 No man is ignorant of their first principles, which doe vertually containe whatsoever by naturall meanes, is, or can be knowne. a1626 L. Andrewes XCVI Serm. (1629) xiv. 131 That was but virtually; as good as borne: This, actually; borne indeed. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. iv. 160 Continue correspondency with..some Professour or Secretary, who virtually is the whole University, or State. 1718 M. Prior Alma ii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 345 By the Peep-holes in his Crest, Is it not virtually confest, That there his Eye took distant Aim. 1791 E. Burke Appeal New to Old Whigs 16 It is virtually a begging of the question. 1846 G. H. Haydon Five Years Austral. Felix iii. 26 The several divisions of the country are so vaguely defined as to render accuracy in detail virtually impossible. 1878 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Eng. 18th Cent. I. ii. 301 Before the middle of the 18th century the laws against Catholic worship were virtually obsolete. 1888 Lancet 18 Aug. 335/2 The railway companies commonly submit the eyesight of their servants, virtually their whole staff, to a series of careful tests. 1940 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 45 554 She is still a virtually unsocialized creature. 1989 C. S. Murray Crosstown Traffic vii. 161 Sunday morning was virtually the high spot of his week. 2011 Vanity Fair Nov. 188/1 Banks could sell virtually any product they wanted, on any terms. †2. In a morally virtuous manner; with regard to moral virtue; virtuously. Cf. virtual adj. 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > [adverb] wellOE douthlyc1275 thewedlya1400 virtuouslyc1400 morallya1540 virtually1539 mannerly1566 1539 Proclam. Uniformity Relig. (Cleop. E.v.) in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. cx. 296 [All persons shall] virtually & devoutly..hear their Divine Services & Masses. 1792 C. Pigott Jockey Club 170 Paying homage to those who are virtually the most undeserving,..to the detriment of real virtue. 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision II. xxx. 141 This man Was..So gifted virtually, that in him All better habits wond'rously had thriv'd. †3. With power; effectively. Cf. virtual adj. 2a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > [adverb] welleOE sickerly1340 effectuallya1398 speedfully1398 effectuously1424 workingly?a1425 sickerc1450 trimly?a1513 trima1547 purposely1560 operatively1601 tightly1601 virtually1604 feckfullya1614 prevailingly1615 effectively1656 efficaciously1703 efficiently1828 tellingly1832 availingly1853 1604 T. Dekker Magnificent Entertainm. sig. f^v Beames from thine eyes So vertually shining, that they bring, To Englands new Arabia, a new Spring. †4. With regard to natural or inherent power. Cf. virtual adj. 1a. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1660 R. Burney Κέρδιστον Δῶρον 75 The Prince is not placed in his Chair of State, as the Sun has its spherical collocation amidst the Planets, and is chiefest vertually. 5. Computing. By means of virtual hardware; (now more usually) by means of computerized simulation or (more generally) computer technology. Cf. virtual adj. 9. ΚΠ 1983 Vmpic—Vmstat in Windows in net.sources (Usenet newsgroup) 31 July Pages are those which are in use by processes and are actually in core (as opposed to ‘virtually’ existing, being out on disk). 1997 Network World 14 Apr. 70/2 Should your avatar have fixed limitations? If so, do those limitations include allowing you to be virtually killed? 2009 Sunday Times (Nexis) 11 Jan. (Features section) 9 Videoconferencing is cheaper than flying, and now you can virtually teleport yourself into someone else's office. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adv.a1398
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