volunteern.adj.

Brit.

/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/,

/ˌvɒln̩ˈtɪə/, U.S.

/ˌvɑlənˈtɪ(ə)r/

Forms: α. 1600s volunteir(e, 1600s–1700s voluntier, 1700s volontier. β. 1600s– volunteer (1600s -eere), 1600s–1700s volenteer.

Etymology: < French volontaire, †voluntaire (= Italian volont- , voluntario , Spanish voluntario , Portuguese voluntario ), < Latin voluntārius voluntary adj. The ending has been assimilated to the suffixes -ier suffix and -eer suffix¹.

A. n.

1. Military.

a. One who voluntarily offers or enrols himself for military service, in contrast to those who are under obligation to do so, or who form part of a regular army or military force.In early use frequently implying service without the pay given to the regular troops.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > volunteer

adventurer1548

voluntary1601

reformado1616

volunteera1618

reformadec1645

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > volunteer > without regular pay

volunteera1618

α.

a1618 W. Raleigh Life & Death Mahomet (1637) 80 6000 horse and voluntiers infinite accomodated with all provisions.

1651 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa I. i. i. 70 The Prince honor'd me with the Leading of 2000 Horse, all Voluntiers.

1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 68 The enemy being about one thousand Horse and Foot besides Voluntiers, made a very gallant impression upon us.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 219 The Earl of Montague..was then a voluntier, and one of the Duke's Court.

1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V III. viii. 85 To every standard that was erected, voluntiers flocked from all quarters.

β. 1627 M. Drayton Miseries Queene Margarite in Battaile Agincourt 100 And with fiue thousand valient Volunteers, Of natiue French, put vnder her Command, With Armes well fitted she towards Scotland steeres.1627 W. Duncomb tr. V. d'Audiguier Tragi-comicall Hist. our Times i. 14 With a hand~full of Volenteers he defeated manie thousands of Reisters.1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures (1663) lxiv. 261 He resolved by the means of ten thousand Volunteers, who had offered themselves unto him,..to attacque this fort.1677 W. Hubbard Narr. Troubles with Indians New-Eng. 18 A Company of Volunteers, under the Command of Captain Samuel Moseley.1747 Gentleman's Mag. July 321/2 Certain burgesses and inhabitants of the city, offering to serve as volunteers in defence of the city, against the rebels.1788 Encycl. Brit. I. 599/2 All this time the American army was increasing by the continual arrival of militia and volunteers from all parts.1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians II. lviii. 242 He is then a volunteer, like all of their soldiers in war, and bound by no compulsive power.1870 J. Bruce Life Gideon xxii. 399 These discouraged Israelites who had deserted were here seen returning and flocking as volunteers now, round the triumphant standard of that mighty man of valour.

b. spec. A member of an organized military company or force, formed by voluntary enrolment and distinct from the regular army. In later use, a civilian forming part of the ‘auxiliary forces’ of a country as a member of such a body.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by branch of army > [noun] > auxiliary or reserve

volunteer1642

redif1836

home guard1850

reservist1854

reserve1897

Saturday night soldier1911

weekend soldier1970

1642 Exceeding Welcome Newes fr. Beverley (title page) The Resolution of the Gentry and Commonalty of Yorkshire to joyn with the London Voluntiers, for the defence of the King and Parliament.

1643 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. iv. 435 To warne the watch of the voluntiers of the said Town whoe did dutie of watch twice 24 howres every weeke.

1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 74 The Volunteers march'd before the Army, daring the Enemy in a very haughty Manner.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 689/2 Making their object known to government, they were, in 1794, embodied in a regiment, called The Royal Edinburgh Volunteers.

1801 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 418 At his house we met with the poet-laureat of the Inverness volunteers.

1818 Mrs. E. H. Iliff Poems (ed. 2) 23 Our tars shall keep the sea—our coast Be guarded by our volunteers.

1860 C. Dickens Let. 3 May (1997) IX. 248 Every other man..I know..is a Volunteer though.

1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 295/2 The personal equipment of the volunteers,..as a rule, is deficient for field service.

†c. In the phrase to go (also serve) a volunteer.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military service > serve as a soldier [verb (intransitive)] > serve as volunteer

to go (also serve) a volunteer1650

1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico i. 24 Octavio Forneze..served a Volunteer against the French.

1685 J. Crowne Sir Courtly Nice i. 2 They will go Voluntiers into a Battle, but must be prest to marriage.

1718 M. Prior Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) Ded. sig.Aa3^v In the first Dutch War He went a Voluntier under the Duke of York.

1743 R. Russell Let. 13 Aug. in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) I. i. 2 He had the resolution to part from what he loved, and to go a volunteer into the army.

1760 Cautions & Advices to Officers of Army 23 Whilst Suspicions only are against him, there is a possibility of wiping them out, and that is by desiring to go a Voluntier with the Grenadiers the first desperate Attack they are ordered on.

1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (1879) I. 215/2 He endeavoured to prevent the young men who offered to go volunteers from giving in their names.

†d. One voluntarily serving in the Navy. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > [noun] > volunteer

volunteer1707

1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 18 What Discouragement gives not this to right-bred Tars from entering Volunteers.

1708 London Gaz. No. 4440/1 The Trumpeters, Quarter-Gunners,..Volunteers by Letter, and Marine-Soldiers.

a1720 W. Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. ii. 122 King Charles II. then in exile, asked the Dutch to be received in their navy as a volunteer.

2. figurative. (With direct allusion to sense A. 1)

a. Of things.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > [noun] > voluntarism > volunteer > of things

volunteer1636

1636 F. Quarles Elegie in Wks. (1881) III. 11/2 But stay! what need, what need we presse a teare, When every eye becomes a Volunteire?

1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iii. 359 More probable it is, that Hirams fancy..was not pressed in all particulars, but was left a volunteire for some descants of Art.

1717 J. Chappelow Right Way to be Rich (ed. 2) 167 There are Abundance of full Texts..which offer themselves as Voluntiers in this Service.

1733 A. Pope Ess. Man iii. 92 Reason..Cares not for Service, or but serves when prest;..But honest Instinct comes a Volunteer.

1733 Duchess of Queensberry Let. to Swift 3 Nov. I..have not time to think of answering your letters. This is only a volunteer.

b. Of persons.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > [noun] > person

friend of GodOE

sergeantc1290

servantc1300

Christian?1535

devoto1605

devotive1608

devout1616

devote1630

devoter1634

devotist1641

devotary1646

devotor1648

volunteer1649

devotionist1651

devotionary1660

devoteea1684

devotionalist1736

devotionair1742

devotioner1883

Stiggins1916

1649 R. Baxter Saints Everlasting Rest (new ed.) iii. ii. 295 They wilfully and obstinately persisted in their Rebellion, and were meer Voluntiers in the service of the Devil.

1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety v. 93 They have generally gone higher, exhorted men to become voluntiers in vertues warfare.

1671 T. Shadwell Humorists iv If it be the Devil, Mr. Parson, we'll turn you loose to him; you take pay to fight against him, we are but voluntiers.

1755 E. Young Centaur ii. 96 The Clergy are volunteers; the Aged are pressed by Nature into the service of wisdom.

3. One who voluntarily offers his services in any capacity; one who of his own free will takes part in any enterprise.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > [noun] > voluntarism > volunteer

voluntary1610

volunteer1648

α.

1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. i. 3 Yearly are sent thither Missions..either of Voluntiers, Fryers Mendicants, Priests or Monkes, or else of forced Jesuites.

1657 T. Aylesbury Treat. Confession of Sinne xi. 301 He comes in as a voluntier upon his own confession.

1677 J. Lake & S. Drake Short Acct. Author's Life in J. Cleveland Clievelandi Vindiciæ sig. A6^v Perceiving the Ostracism that was intended, he became a Voluntier in his Academick Exile.

1688 Penn Life in Wks. (1782) I. 112 Voluntiers are Blanks and Cyphers in all Governments.

1755 Connoisseur No. 70. ⁋19 I do not know the names of any of the Voluntiers, to whom I have been greatly indebted.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 257 Such unauthorized voluntiers in violence are not ranked among open enemies.

β. 1655 T. Fuller Hist. Univ. Cambr. vi. 104 in Church-hist. Brit. More probably he was a Volunteer in his Lecture, having no Salary for the reading thereof.1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 526. ⁋2 Our Hackney-Coachmen..do still ply as Volunteers Day and Night for the Good of their Country.a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 288 There is a multitude of labourers in the vineyard, as well volunteers in dissertations and essays, as retained servants entered upon the stewards roll.1797 R. Southey Botany Bay Eclogues in Poems 89 Anon the morning came, And off I set a volunteer for fame.1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions II. 50 Another party, likewise consisting of seven volunteers, were landed in Jan Mayen Island.1833 Tracts for Times No. 17. 3 Are they duly authorised and commissioned from the Court; are they come as volunteers, or have they been sent by their master?1873 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. (1876) 168 The peculiar nature of the agency concerned in the Act..is..a guarantee to the willingness of the victim..as being that of a volunteer from the first.

4. A flower or tree which grows spontaneously, (cf. B. 2b); a self-sown plant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > wild and cultivated plants > [noun] > wild

wilding1577

volunteer1657

wildling1840

escape1870

chaff-seed-

1657 G. Thornley tr. Longus Daphnis & Chloe 172 Flowers,—some the Earth's own Voluntiers, some the structure of the Artist's hand.

1960 Jrnl. Forestry 58 402/3 The stand was planted on a 6 × 6-foot spacing, with some interspersed volunteers.

1978 New Yorker 3 July 42/1 Around the buildings..are some of the tallest volunteers in New York, top-heavy plants.

†5.

a. A deliberate lie. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > [noun] > a falsehood, lie > blatant, extravagant

a lie with a latchet1580

rapper1611

banger1657

thumper1660

whisker1668

swinger1671

thwacker1674

strapper1677

volunteer1680

hummer1699

swapperc1700

rouser?1770

plumper1776

whopper1791

bouncer1803

yanker1822

rattler1825

whacker1825

falsism1835

crumper1855

bang1879

out-and-outer1880

big lie1939

1680 J. Dryden Kind Keeper iii. i. 29 Now will he lye three or four rapping Voluntiers, rather than be thought ignorant in any thing.

b. A voluntary gift. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > gift or present > [noun] > free gift

wil-ȝeouea1225

free-will offering1530

gratuitum1602

volunteer1757

free gift1909

giveaway1934

freeness1938

free1982

1757 R. Griffith & E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances I. cvi. 190 I think myself vastly obliged to dear Harry, for his obliging Voluntier.

6. Law. One to whom a voluntary conveyance is made; one who benefits by a deed made without valuable consideration.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > types of transfer > [noun] > transference without consideration > one to whom

volunteer1744

1744 G. Jacob New Law-dict. (ed. 5) at Voluntary Remainders limited in Settlements, to a Man's right Heirs, etc. are deemed Voluntary in Equity, and the Persons claiming under them are called Volunteers.

1804 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. IV. 329 Equity will relieve, even in favour of a volunteer.

1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) II. 135 There seemed no reason..why these general incidents..should be saved in favour of a devisee, or other volunteer, and not in favour of a wife.

B. adj.

a. Of troops, etc.: Consisting or composed of persons undertaking military service as volunteers.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > [adjective] > volunteer

goodwilly1533

voluntary1586

volunteer1662

society > armed hostility > military organization > enlistment or recruitment > [adjective] > relating to voluntary service > composed of volunteers

voluntary1586

volunteer1662

1662 in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1911) 2nd Ser. 158 A Company of 100 Volonteere Horse which I drew together.

1662 Duke of Buckingham in Slingsby's Diary (1836) 363 I have sent orders..to get the volontier troopes in as great a readinesse as they can.

1798 T. Hinderwell Hist. Scarborough 236 A Volunteer Corps of one hundred and eighty, raised in the town.

1798 T. Hinderwell Hist. Scarborough 236 Five Companies of Volunteer Infantry.

1811 Gen. Regulations & Orders Army 5 Officers of Yeomanry Cavalry and Volunteer Corps rank as juniors of their respective Ranks.

1822 Act 3 Geo. IV c. 126 §32 No Toll shall be demanded..for any Carriage conveying Volunteer Infantry.

1852 C. Napier Def. Eng. 13 With regard to your volunteer corps, I think each should consist of from one to four companies.

1886 C. E. Pascoe London of To-day (ed. 3) xviii. 169 The military spirit of the ‘Volunteer’ corps of London.

b. Of persons: Voluntarily performing military service; serving as a volunteer in the army (†or navy). Also in predicative use (b).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > enlistment or recruitment > [adjective] > relating to voluntary service > serving as volunteer

voluntary1586

volunteer1653

volunteering1797

(a)

1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. xlvii. 209 Nine thousand dragoons, and a hundred and fourty thousand voluntier adventurers.

a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry V ccxcix, in Poems (1878) IV. 175 They dance and rore The expectation of a Muster; where they 'nroule themselues, Gentlemen volunteire.

1698 tr. F. Froger (title) A Relation of a Voyage made..by the Sieur Froger, Voluntier-Engineer on board the English Falcon.

1710–11 J. Swift Lett. (1767) III. 127 I doubt the scoundrel was broke, and got a commission, or perhaps is a voluntier gentleman.

1782 V. Knox Ess. (1819) III. cxxxi. 64 Compare the limbs of the volunteer soldiers in the metropolis with those of the rustic militia, or regulars.

(b)1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 286 I was not only insensibly drawn in, but was perfectly Voluntier in that dull Cause.1724 D. Defoe Great Law Subordination 145 You will blame the gentleman, perhaps, for engaging thus voluntier with his servant.a1731 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Gentleman (1890) 14 The modern Lord was a Man of Spirit, had serv'd Voluntier under the Fountain of Glory Gustavus Adolphus.1744 M. Bishop Life Matthew Bishop 57 There is a wide Difference between being press'd and going Voluntier.

c. Of or pertaining to a volunteer or volunteers.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > enlistment or recruitment > [adjective] > relating to voluntary service

volunteer1720

1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 143 Indeed 'twill be a Voluntier War, said the King, for the Northern Gentry have sent me an Account of above 4000 Horse they have already.

1781 R. B. Sheridan Critic i. i If you had the least spirit you would have been..trailing a volunteer pike in the Artillery ground.

1835 A. Alison Hist. Europe during French Revol. III. xxv. 489 This was the volunteer system, and the general arming of the people.

d. Volunteer State n. a nickname for Tennessee (see quot. 1950).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [noun] > United States > specific states > Tennessee

Volunteer State1853

1853 J. G. M. Ramsey Ann. Tennessee 116 Thus early did the ‘Volunteer State’ commence its novitiate in arms.

1950 Newsweek 20 Mar. 96/2 A call for 2,800 volunteers [in the Mexican War of 1847] in Tennessee brought out 30,000 men and gave Tennessee its nickname, ‘The Volunteer State’.

1973 Guardian 14 June 13/2 There was a spectacular..murder deep in the hills of Tennessee..as could only happen in the deepest by-ways of the Volunteer State.

a. Voluntarily performing any action or service; undertaking a service of one's own free will.The predicative use (quot. 1727) is frequently in Defoe's works.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > [adjective] > relating to voluntary action > volunteer (of persons)

voluntary1593

volunteer1661

volunteering1797

1661 R. Boyle Some Considerations Style Script. 195 He is such a Volunteer Sinner, that he hath neither the Wit nor the Excuse of declining his Conscience in Complement to his Senses.

1727 D. Defoe Ess. Hist. Apparitions Introd. 7 It was a most incongruous Suggestion that the Devil should come Voluntier to an Atheist.

1759 W. H. Dilworth Life of Pope 71 It was natural for them to be the volunteer-heralds of that translation's merit they had some share in bringing to perfection.

1763 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting III. ii. 97 Probably a volunteer artist.

1813 H. Smith & J. Smith Horace in London ii. v. 125 How many a volunteer muse..Has met with her death in reviews.

1858 J. Martineau Stud. Christianity 249 James and John and Peter, who never heartily recognized the Volunteer Apostle.

in extended use.1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 55. 353 There were many hundreds of Volunteer Links brought into this Protestant Illumination.

b. Of vegetation: Growing spontaneously.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > wild and cultivated plants > [adjective] > wild or not cultivated

wildc725

untameda1340

unsownc1374

unplanteda1382

savagea1500

natural1526

self-sowed1597

self-sown1608

maiden1616

voluntary1620

spontaneous1665

uncultivated1697

wilding1697

volunteer1794

uncultured1804

agrarian1851

self-raised1852

1794 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Cambr. 44 A remarkably fine growth of volunteer ash, has lately been cut down.

1882 Contemp. Rev. Aug. 233 They had the year before last 80 acres of volunteer or self-sown oats.

1883 Cent. Mag. Oct. 804/1 Crops are raised sometimes for twenty successive years, on the same fields, without the soils showing exhaustion, and what are called volunteer crops.

3. Of services, actions, etc.: Rendered or performed voluntarily.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > [adjective] > relating to voluntary action > freely undertaken

voluntar1581

volunteer1720

volunteered1845

1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 58 The King desires no Man's Service but what is purely Voluntier.

1779 E. Burke Corr. (1844) II. 284 I am not very fond of any volunteer modes of raising money for public service.

1798 T. J. Mathias Pursuits of Lit.: Pt. IV (ed. 5) 208 Mr. Reeves will deter any man from volunteer effusions in favour of any Minister.

1873 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. (1876) viii. 167 It cannot be said that it is..contrary to justice to accept a volunteer offer of suffering.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

volunteerv.

Brit.

/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/,

/ˌvɒln̩ˈtɪə/, U.S.

/ˌvɑlənˈtɪ(ə)r/

Etymology: Back-formation < volunteering n.

a. intransitive. To undertake military service voluntarily, esp. on a special occasion. Frequently const. for.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > enlistment or recruitment > enlist soldiers [verb (intransitive)] > volunteer

volunteer1755

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. To volunteer, to go for a soldier.

1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) In some instances soldiers volunteer for a limited period, and within certain boundaries.

1849 E. B. Eastwick Dry Leaves 163 The Bengáli sipáhis..being asked, ‘Do you volunteer?’ replied, ‘Yes, Saheb, we volunteer, but we don't go willingly’.

1859 W. M. Thackeray Virginians lxii Sir John had volunteered for the expedition which is preparing.

1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. ii. 15 They volunteered and were bound by honour to their leaders.

b. Const. to with infinitive (esp. to serve).

ΚΠ

1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) The drafts from the militia in 1798, who volunteered to serve in Europe only.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 301 John Sheffield, Earl of Mulgrave,..volunteered to serve at sea against the Dutch.

c. Const. into (a particular regiment).

ΚΠ

1841 E. Costello Adv. Soldier i At Londonderry..I volunteered into the 95th, since made the ‘Rifle Brigade’.

a. To offer of one's own accord to do something.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > act of own free will [verb (intransitive)] > volunteer

volunteer1840

the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (intransitive)] > express one's readiness to do something

bid?c1225

offer?a1425

volunteer1840

1840 T. Hood Up Rhine 176 Our old acquaintance volunteering to be my guide, we made the round of the sights of the town.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xi. 292 My guide volunteered to cut the steps for me up to the pickets.

1881 J. A. Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. ii. ii. 180 No dean or tutor ever volunteered to help our inexperience.

b. To be thrown from a horse without sufficient cause. (Cf. voluntary adj. 7.)

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride a horse (or other animal) [verb (intransitive)] > fall off

wendc1300

flit1430

unhorse1583

to be floored1826

to come (fall, get) a cropper1858

to come (also have) a buster1874

to come off1874

volunteer1890

to take a toss1917

1890 Field 8 Feb. 177 There is scarcely a horseman of experience who will not confess to have been at some time or other taken unawares, and to have ‘volunteered’ in consequence.

a. transitive. To offer (one's services) for some special purpose or enterprise.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > offer or action of offering > offer [verb (transitive)] > offer (one's services)

volunteer1800

1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 127 When I first volunteered my services on this important subject.

1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions II. 49 Seven men volunteered their services.

1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. vi. 44 Mrs. Bangham..had volunteered her services as..general attendant.

b. With verbal noun as object, or reflexive.

ΚΠ

1806 W. Scott Let. 11 Feb. (1932) I. 276 One of the kindest was Lord Somerville who volunteered introducing me to Lord Spencer.

1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. III. 270 He..gravely volunteered himself as silk-holder, while Miss Harriet..wound off, I know not how many skeins.

4. To offer to undertake or perform (something).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)] > offer to undertake

volunteer1818

the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (transitive)] > propose

proffera1375

movea1382

adjustc1450

advance1509

to make words1645

offer1660

overturea1665

volunteer1818

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian v, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 145 Mr. Lindsay..volunteered the perilous task of carrying a verbal message.

1863 C. C. Clarke Shakespeare-characters x. 271 One of the soldiers volunteers the office of interpreter.

1876 C. M. Yonge Womankind vi I had rather make Latin the schoolroom lesson, and leave German to be volunteered afterwards.

5. To communicate (information, etc.) on one's own initiative.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > action of informing > give (information) [verb (transitive)]

learna1382

tella1382

givec1449

imparta1547

impute1594

reinform1605

reimpart1645

leave1677

volunteer1805

brief1866

to come across with1895

voice1951

1805 J. Austen Let. 27 Aug. (1995) 110 She volunteers, moreover, her love to little Marianne, with the promise of bringing her a doll.

1813 J. Austen Let. 15 Oct. (1995) 240 I talk to Cassy about Chawton; she remembers much but does not volunteer on the subject.

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby vii. 59 He had grown thoughtful and appeared in nowise disposed to volunteer any observations.

1841 Mrs. Mozley Lost Brooch II. xiii. 99 This was what I call forward in a servant, to volunteer explanations.

1860 W. Collins Woman in White (new ed.) III. xi. 186 I did not feel called on to volunteer any statement of my own private convictions.

1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. ii. 54 He volunteered no information about himself and his past life at Smyrna.

elliptical.1893 H. Crackanthorpe Wreckage 178 When he started out late at night, he never volunteered where he was going.

6. To offer to give or supply. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > offer or action of offering > offer [verb (transitive)] > offer to give or supply

volunteer1814

1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park II. ix. 200 Thursday..opened with more kindness to Fanny than such..unmanageable days often volunteer .

1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab i. 6 A delegate of the Ta‘amirah..volunteered a guard of his tribe.

7. With away: To surrender voluntarily.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)] > voluntarily

volunteer1807

1807 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 82 I..do not wish to volunteer away that portion of tranquillity, which a firm execution of my duties will permit me to enjoy.

Derivatives

volunˈteered adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > [adjective] > relating to voluntary action > freely undertaken

voluntar1581

volunteer1720

volunteered1845

1845 Times 1 Nov. 4/4 The members of the press retired..from the hall, into which they had been invited by the volunteered cards of admission from the benchers.

1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Theophrastus Such i. 7 The fellow-feeling which should restrain us from turning our volunteered and picked confessions into an act of accusation against others.

1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 791 With Godwin Shelley had opened a volunteered correspondence late in 1811.

1903 J. Morley Life Gladstone II. v. ii. 20 He was not forbidden to proceed upon his volunteered mission.

volunˈteering adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > [adjective] > relating to voluntary action > volunteer (of persons)

voluntary1593

volunteer1661

volunteering1797

society > armed hostility > military organization > enlistment or recruitment > [adjective] > relating to voluntary service > serving as volunteer

voluntary1586

volunteer1653

volunteering1797

1797 J. Symonds in A. Young Autobiogr. (1898) xii. 304 You justly reprobate volunteering infantry.

1864 G. Meredith Emilia in Eng. I. xiv. 180 In the end, they deputed the volunteering Adela to sit with him in the library.

Draft additions 1993

c. ironic. To assign or commit (another) to a particular undertaking, typically without his or her consent. Frequently in passive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)] > commit to a course of action > commit another to an undertaking

volunteer1959

1959 C. Ogburn Marauders (1960) iv. 143 ‘You don't feel like flying any more?’ his commanding officer had inquired. ‘O.K., we'll see if you like walking any better.’ So he had been volunteered to us.

1982 Daily Tel. 4 Oct. 8/7 She was ‘volunteered’ to play in the tournament..by Mr William Menick.

1987 R. Hill There are no Ghosts in Soviet Union 6 ‘OK, I'll go,’ he said, knowing that if Kedin had volunteered him, he really had no choice anyway.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	volunteer
释义	volunteern.adj. Brit. /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/, /ˌvɒln̩ˈtɪə/, U.S. /ˌvɑlənˈtɪ(ə)r/ Forms: α. 1600s volunteir(e, 1600s–1700s voluntier, 1700s volontier. β. 1600s– volunteer (1600s -eere), 1600s–1700s volenteer. Etymology: < French volontaire, †voluntaire (= Italian volont- , voluntario , Spanish voluntario , Portuguese voluntario ), < Latin voluntārius voluntary adj. The ending has been assimilated to the suffixes -ier suffix and -eer suffix¹. A. n. 1. Military. a. One who voluntarily offers or enrols himself for military service, in contrast to those who are under obligation to do so, or who form part of a regular army or military force.In early use frequently implying service without the pay given to the regular troops. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > volunteer adventurer1548 voluntary1601 reformado1616 volunteera1618 reformadec1645 society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > volunteer > without regular pay volunteera1618 α. a1618 W. Raleigh Life & Death Mahomet (1637) 80 6000 horse and voluntiers infinite accomodated with all provisions. 1651 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa I. i. i. 70 The Prince honor'd me with the Leading of 2000 Horse, all Voluntiers. 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 68 The enemy being about one thousand Horse and Foot besides Voluntiers, made a very gallant impression upon us. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 219 The Earl of Montague..was then a voluntier, and one of the Duke's Court. 1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V III. viii. 85 To every standard that was erected, voluntiers flocked from all quarters. β. 1627 M. Drayton Miseries Queene Margarite in Battaile Agincourt 100 And with fiue thousand valient Volunteers, Of natiue French, put vnder her Command, With Armes well fitted she towards Scotland steeres.1627 W. Duncomb tr. V. d'Audiguier Tragi-comicall Hist. our Times i. 14 With a hand~full of Volenteers he defeated manie thousands of Reisters.1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures (1663) lxiv. 261 He resolved by the means of ten thousand Volunteers, who had offered themselves unto him,..to attacque this fort.1677 W. Hubbard Narr. Troubles with Indians New-Eng. 18 A Company of Volunteers, under the Command of Captain Samuel Moseley.1747 Gentleman's Mag. July 321/2 Certain burgesses and inhabitants of the city, offering to serve as volunteers in defence of the city, against the rebels.1788 Encycl. Brit. I. 599/2 All this time the American army was increasing by the continual arrival of militia and volunteers from all parts.1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians II. lviii. 242 He is then a volunteer, like all of their soldiers in war, and bound by no compulsive power.1870 J. Bruce Life Gideon xxii. 399 These discouraged Israelites who had deserted were here seen returning and flocking as volunteers now, round the triumphant standard of that mighty man of valour. b. spec. A member of an organized military company or force, formed by voluntary enrolment and distinct from the regular army. In later use, a civilian forming part of the ‘auxiliary forces’ of a country as a member of such a body. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by branch of army > [noun] > auxiliary or reserve volunteer1642 redif1836 home guard1850 reservist1854 reserve1897 Saturday night soldier1911 weekend soldier1970 1642 Exceeding Welcome Newes fr. Beverley (title page) The Resolution of the Gentry and Commonalty of Yorkshire to joyn with the London Voluntiers, for the defence of the King and Parliament. 1643 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. iv. 435 To warne the watch of the voluntiers of the said Town whoe did dutie of watch twice 24 howres every weeke. 1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 74 The Volunteers march'd before the Army, daring the Enemy in a very haughty Manner. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 689/2 Making their object known to government, they were, in 1794, embodied in a regiment, called The Royal Edinburgh Volunteers. 1801 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 418 At his house we met with the poet-laureat of the Inverness volunteers. 1818 Mrs. E. H. Iliff Poems (ed. 2) 23 Our tars shall keep the sea—our coast Be guarded by our volunteers. 1860 C. Dickens Let. 3 May (1997) IX. 248 Every other man..I know..is a Volunteer though. 1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 295/2 The personal equipment of the volunteers,..as a rule, is deficient for field service. †c. In the phrase to go (also serve) a volunteer. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military service > serve as a soldier [verb (intransitive)] > serve as volunteer to go (also serve) a volunteer1650 1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico i. 24 Octavio Forneze..served a Volunteer against the French. 1685 J. Crowne Sir Courtly Nice i. 2 They will go Voluntiers into a Battle, but must be prest to marriage. 1718 M. Prior Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) Ded. sig.Aa3^v In the first Dutch War He went a Voluntier under the Duke of York. 1743 R. Russell Let. 13 Aug. in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) I. i. 2 He had the resolution to part from what he loved, and to go a volunteer into the army. 1760 Cautions & Advices to Officers of Army 23 Whilst Suspicions only are against him, there is a possibility of wiping them out, and that is by desiring to go a Voluntier with the Grenadiers the first desperate Attack they are ordered on. 1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (1879) I. 215/2 He endeavoured to prevent the young men who offered to go volunteers from giving in their names. †d. One voluntarily serving in the Navy. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > [noun] > volunteer volunteer1707 1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 18 What Discouragement gives not this to right-bred Tars from entering Volunteers. 1708 London Gaz. No. 4440/1 The Trumpeters, Quarter-Gunners,..Volunteers by Letter, and Marine-Soldiers. a1720 W. Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. ii. 122 King Charles II. then in exile, asked the Dutch to be received in their navy as a volunteer. 2. figurative. (With direct allusion to sense A. 1) a. Of things. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > [noun] > voluntarism > volunteer > of things volunteer1636 1636 F. Quarles Elegie in Wks. (1881) III. 11/2 But stay! what need, what need we presse a teare, When every eye becomes a Volunteire? 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iii. 359 More probable it is, that Hirams fancy..was not pressed in all particulars, but was left a volunteire for some descants of Art. 1717 J. Chappelow Right Way to be Rich (ed. 2) 167 There are Abundance of full Texts..which offer themselves as Voluntiers in this Service. 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man iii. 92 Reason..Cares not for Service, or but serves when prest;..But honest Instinct comes a Volunteer. 1733 Duchess of Queensberry Let. to Swift 3 Nov. I..have not time to think of answering your letters. This is only a volunteer. b. Of persons. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > [noun] > person friend of GodOE sergeantc1290 servantc1300 Christian?1535 devoto1605 devotive1608 devout1616 devote1630 devoter1634 devotist1641 devotary1646 devotor1648 volunteer1649 devotionist1651 devotionary1660 devoteea1684 devotionalist1736 devotionair1742 devotioner1883 Stiggins1916 1649 R. Baxter Saints Everlasting Rest (new ed.) iii. ii. 295 They wilfully and obstinately persisted in their Rebellion, and were meer Voluntiers in the service of the Devil. 1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety v. 93 They have generally gone higher, exhorted men to become voluntiers in vertues warfare. 1671 T. Shadwell Humorists iv If it be the Devil, Mr. Parson, we'll turn you loose to him; you take pay to fight against him, we are but voluntiers. 1755 E. Young Centaur ii. 96 The Clergy are volunteers; the Aged are pressed by Nature into the service of wisdom. 3. One who voluntarily offers his services in any capacity; one who of his own free will takes part in any enterprise. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > [noun] > voluntarism > volunteer voluntary1610 volunteer1648 α. 1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. i. 3 Yearly are sent thither Missions..either of Voluntiers, Fryers Mendicants, Priests or Monkes, or else of forced Jesuites. 1657 T. Aylesbury Treat. Confession of Sinne xi. 301 He comes in as a voluntier upon his own confession. 1677 J. Lake & S. Drake Short Acct. Author's Life in J. Cleveland Clievelandi Vindiciæ sig. A6^v Perceiving the Ostracism that was intended, he became a Voluntier in his Academick Exile. 1688 Penn Life in Wks. (1782) I. 112 Voluntiers are Blanks and Cyphers in all Governments. 1755 Connoisseur No. 70. ⁋19 I do not know the names of any of the Voluntiers, to whom I have been greatly indebted. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 257 Such unauthorized voluntiers in violence are not ranked among open enemies. β. 1655 T. Fuller Hist. Univ. Cambr. vi. 104 in Church-hist. Brit. More probably he was a Volunteer in his Lecture, having no Salary for the reading thereof.1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 526. ⁋2 Our Hackney-Coachmen..do still ply as Volunteers Day and Night for the Good of their Country.a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 288 There is a multitude of labourers in the vineyard, as well volunteers in dissertations and essays, as retained servants entered upon the stewards roll.1797 R. Southey Botany Bay Eclogues in Poems 89 Anon the morning came, And off I set a volunteer for fame.1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions II. 50 Another party, likewise consisting of seven volunteers, were landed in Jan Mayen Island.1833 Tracts for Times No. 17. 3 Are they duly authorised and commissioned from the Court; are they come as volunteers, or have they been sent by their master?1873 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. (1876) 168 The peculiar nature of the agency concerned in the Act..is..a guarantee to the willingness of the victim..as being that of a volunteer from the first. 4. A flower or tree which grows spontaneously, (cf. B. 2b); a self-sown plant. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > wild and cultivated plants > [noun] > wild wilding1577 volunteer1657 wildling1840 escape1870 chaff-seed- 1657 G. Thornley tr. Longus Daphnis & Chloe 172 Flowers,—some the Earth's own Voluntiers, some the structure of the Artist's hand. 1960 Jrnl. Forestry 58 402/3 The stand was planted on a 6 × 6-foot spacing, with some interspersed volunteers. 1978 New Yorker 3 July 42/1 Around the buildings..are some of the tallest volunteers in New York, top-heavy plants. †5. a. A deliberate lie. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > [noun] > a falsehood, lie > blatant, extravagant a lie with a latchet1580 rapper1611 banger1657 thumper1660 whisker1668 swinger1671 thwacker1674 strapper1677 volunteer1680 hummer1699 swapperc1700 rouser?1770 plumper1776 whopper1791 bouncer1803 yanker1822 rattler1825 whacker1825 falsism1835 crumper1855 bang1879 out-and-outer1880 big lie1939 1680 J. Dryden Kind Keeper iii. i. 29 Now will he lye three or four rapping Voluntiers, rather than be thought ignorant in any thing. b. A voluntary gift. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > gift or present > [noun] > free gift wil-ȝeouea1225 free-will offering1530 gratuitum1602 volunteer1757 free gift1909 giveaway1934 freeness1938 free1982 1757 R. Griffith & E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances I. cvi. 190 I think myself vastly obliged to dear Harry, for his obliging Voluntier. 6. Law. One to whom a voluntary conveyance is made; one who benefits by a deed made without valuable consideration. ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > types of transfer > [noun] > transference without consideration > one to whom volunteer1744 1744 G. Jacob New Law-dict. (ed. 5) at Voluntary Remainders limited in Settlements, to a Man's right Heirs, etc. are deemed Voluntary in Equity, and the Persons claiming under them are called Volunteers. 1804 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. IV. 329 Equity will relieve, even in favour of a volunteer. 1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) II. 135 There seemed no reason..why these general incidents..should be saved in favour of a devisee, or other volunteer, and not in favour of a wife. B. adj. 1. a. Of troops, etc.: Consisting or composed of persons undertaking military service as volunteers. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > [adjective] > volunteer goodwilly1533 voluntary1586 volunteer1662 society > armed hostility > military organization > enlistment or recruitment > [adjective] > relating to voluntary service > composed of volunteers voluntary1586 volunteer1662 1662 in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1911) 2nd Ser. 158 A Company of 100 Volonteere Horse which I drew together. 1662 Duke of Buckingham in Slingsby's Diary (1836) 363 I have sent orders..to get the volontier troopes in as great a readinesse as they can. 1798 T. Hinderwell Hist. Scarborough 236 A Volunteer Corps of one hundred and eighty, raised in the town. 1798 T. Hinderwell Hist. Scarborough 236 Five Companies of Volunteer Infantry. 1811 Gen. Regulations & Orders Army 5 Officers of Yeomanry Cavalry and Volunteer Corps rank as juniors of their respective Ranks. 1822 Act 3 Geo. IV c. 126 §32 No Toll shall be demanded..for any Carriage conveying Volunteer Infantry. 1852 C. Napier Def. Eng. 13 With regard to your volunteer corps, I think each should consist of from one to four companies. 1886 C. E. Pascoe London of To-day (ed. 3) xviii. 169 The military spirit of the ‘Volunteer’ corps of London. b. Of persons: Voluntarily performing military service; serving as a volunteer in the army (†or navy). Also in predicative use (b). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > enlistment or recruitment > [adjective] > relating to voluntary service > serving as volunteer voluntary1586 volunteer1653 volunteering1797 (a) 1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. xlvii. 209 Nine thousand dragoons, and a hundred and fourty thousand voluntier adventurers. a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry V ccxcix, in Poems (1878) IV. 175 They dance and rore The expectation of a Muster; where they 'nroule themselues, Gentlemen volunteire. 1698 tr. F. Froger (title) A Relation of a Voyage made..by the Sieur Froger, Voluntier-Engineer on board the English Falcon. 1710–11 J. Swift Lett. (1767) III. 127 I doubt the scoundrel was broke, and got a commission, or perhaps is a voluntier gentleman. 1782 V. Knox Ess. (1819) III. cxxxi. 64 Compare the limbs of the volunteer soldiers in the metropolis with those of the rustic militia, or regulars. (b)1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 286 I was not only insensibly drawn in, but was perfectly Voluntier in that dull Cause.1724 D. Defoe Great Law Subordination 145 You will blame the gentleman, perhaps, for engaging thus voluntier with his servant.a1731 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Gentleman (1890) 14 The modern Lord was a Man of Spirit, had serv'd Voluntier under the Fountain of Glory Gustavus Adolphus.1744 M. Bishop Life Matthew Bishop 57 There is a wide Difference between being press'd and going Voluntier. c. Of or pertaining to a volunteer or volunteers. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > enlistment or recruitment > [adjective] > relating to voluntary service volunteer1720 1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 143 Indeed 'twill be a Voluntier War, said the King, for the Northern Gentry have sent me an Account of above 4000 Horse they have already. 1781 R. B. Sheridan Critic i. i If you had the least spirit you would have been..trailing a volunteer pike in the Artillery ground. 1835 A. Alison Hist. Europe during French Revol. III. xxv. 489 This was the volunteer system, and the general arming of the people. d. Volunteer State n. a nickname for Tennessee (see quot. 1950). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [noun] > United States > specific states > Tennessee Volunteer State1853 1853 J. G. M. Ramsey Ann. Tennessee 116 Thus early did the ‘Volunteer State’ commence its novitiate in arms. 1950 Newsweek 20 Mar. 96/2 A call for 2,800 volunteers [in the Mexican War of 1847] in Tennessee brought out 30,000 men and gave Tennessee its nickname, ‘The Volunteer State’. 1973 Guardian 14 June 13/2 There was a spectacular..murder deep in the hills of Tennessee..as could only happen in the deepest by-ways of the Volunteer State. 2. a. Voluntarily performing any action or service; undertaking a service of one's own free will.The predicative use (quot. 1727) is frequently in Defoe's works. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > [adjective] > relating to voluntary action > volunteer (of persons) voluntary1593 volunteer1661 volunteering1797 1661 R. Boyle Some Considerations Style Script. 195 He is such a Volunteer Sinner, that he hath neither the Wit nor the Excuse of declining his Conscience in Complement to his Senses. 1727 D. Defoe Ess. Hist. Apparitions Introd. 7 It was a most incongruous Suggestion that the Devil should come Voluntier to an Atheist. 1759 W. H. Dilworth Life of Pope 71 It was natural for them to be the volunteer-heralds of that translation's merit they had some share in bringing to perfection. 1763 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting III. ii. 97 Probably a volunteer artist. 1813 H. Smith & J. Smith Horace in London ii. v. 125 How many a volunteer muse..Has met with her death in reviews. 1858 J. Martineau Stud. Christianity 249 James and John and Peter, who never heartily recognized the Volunteer Apostle. in extended use.1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 55. 353 There were many hundreds of Volunteer Links brought into this Protestant Illumination. b. Of vegetation: Growing spontaneously. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > wild and cultivated plants > [adjective] > wild or not cultivated wildc725 untameda1340 unsownc1374 unplanteda1382 savagea1500 natural1526 self-sowed1597 self-sown1608 maiden1616 voluntary1620 spontaneous1665 uncultivated1697 wilding1697 volunteer1794 uncultured1804 agrarian1851 self-raised1852 1794 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Cambr. 44 A remarkably fine growth of volunteer ash, has lately been cut down. 1882 Contemp. Rev. Aug. 233 They had the year before last 80 acres of volunteer or self-sown oats. 1883 Cent. Mag. Oct. 804/1 Crops are raised sometimes for twenty successive years, on the same fields, without the soils showing exhaustion, and what are called volunteer crops. 3. Of services, actions, etc.: Rendered or performed voluntarily. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > [adjective] > relating to voluntary action > freely undertaken voluntar1581 volunteer1720 volunteered1845 1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 58 The King desires no Man's Service but what is purely Voluntier. 1779 E. Burke Corr. (1844) II. 284 I am not very fond of any volunteer modes of raising money for public service. 1798 T. J. Mathias Pursuits of Lit.: Pt. IV (ed. 5) 208 Mr. Reeves will deter any man from volunteer effusions in favour of any Minister. 1873 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. (1876) viii. 167 It cannot be said that it is..contrary to justice to accept a volunteer offer of suffering. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online June 2022). volunteerv. Brit. /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/, /ˌvɒln̩ˈtɪə/, U.S. /ˌvɑlənˈtɪ(ə)r/ Etymology: Back-formation < volunteering n. 1. a. intransitive. To undertake military service voluntarily, esp. on a special occasion. Frequently const. for. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > enlistment or recruitment > enlist soldiers [verb (intransitive)] > volunteer volunteer1755 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. To volunteer, to go for a soldier. 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) In some instances soldiers volunteer for a limited period, and within certain boundaries. 1849 E. B. Eastwick Dry Leaves 163 The Bengáli sipáhis..being asked, ‘Do you volunteer?’ replied, ‘Yes, Saheb, we volunteer, but we don't go willingly’. 1859 W. M. Thackeray Virginians lxii Sir John had volunteered for the expedition which is preparing. 1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. ii. 15 They volunteered and were bound by honour to their leaders. b. Const. to with infinitive (esp. to serve). ΚΠ 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) The drafts from the militia in 1798, who volunteered to serve in Europe only. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 301 John Sheffield, Earl of Mulgrave,..volunteered to serve at sea against the Dutch. c. Const. into (a particular regiment). ΚΠ 1841 E. Costello Adv. Soldier i At Londonderry..I volunteered into the 95th, since made the ‘Rifle Brigade’. 2. a. To offer of one's own accord to do something. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > act of own free will [verb (intransitive)] > volunteer volunteer1840 the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (intransitive)] > express one's readiness to do something bid?c1225 offer?a1425 volunteer1840 1840 T. Hood Up Rhine 176 Our old acquaintance volunteering to be my guide, we made the round of the sights of the town. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xi. 292 My guide volunteered to cut the steps for me up to the pickets. 1881 J. A. Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. ii. ii. 180 No dean or tutor ever volunteered to help our inexperience. b. To be thrown from a horse without sufficient cause. (Cf. voluntary adj. 7.) ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride a horse (or other animal) [verb (intransitive)] > fall off wendc1300 flit1430 unhorse1583 to be floored1826 to come (fall, get) a cropper1858 to come (also have) a buster1874 to come off1874 volunteer1890 to take a toss1917 1890 Field 8 Feb. 177 There is scarcely a horseman of experience who will not confess to have been at some time or other taken unawares, and to have ‘volunteered’ in consequence. 3. a. transitive. To offer (one's services) for some special purpose or enterprise. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > offer or action of offering > offer [verb (transitive)] > offer (one's services) volunteer1800 1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 127 When I first volunteered my services on this important subject. 1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions II. 49 Seven men volunteered their services. 1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. vi. 44 Mrs. Bangham..had volunteered her services as..general attendant. b. With verbal noun as object, or reflexive. ΚΠ 1806 W. Scott Let. 11 Feb. (1932) I. 276 One of the kindest was Lord Somerville who volunteered introducing me to Lord Spencer. 1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. III. 270 He..gravely volunteered himself as silk-holder, while Miss Harriet..wound off, I know not how many skeins. 4. To offer to undertake or perform (something). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)] > offer to undertake volunteer1818 the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (transitive)] > propose proffera1375 movea1382 adjustc1450 advance1509 to make words1645 offer1660 overturea1665 volunteer1818 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian v, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 145 Mr. Lindsay..volunteered the perilous task of carrying a verbal message. 1863 C. C. Clarke Shakespeare-characters x. 271 One of the soldiers volunteers the office of interpreter. 1876 C. M. Yonge Womankind vi I had rather make Latin the schoolroom lesson, and leave German to be volunteered afterwards. 5. To communicate (information, etc.) on one's own initiative. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > action of informing > give (information) [verb (transitive)] learna1382 tella1382 givec1449 imparta1547 impute1594 reinform1605 reimpart1645 leave1677 volunteer1805 brief1866 to come across with1895 voice1951 1805 J. Austen Let. 27 Aug. (1995) 110 She volunteers, moreover, her love to little Marianne, with the promise of bringing her a doll. 1813 J. Austen Let. 15 Oct. (1995) 240 I talk to Cassy about Chawton; she remembers much but does not volunteer on the subject. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby vii. 59 He had grown thoughtful and appeared in nowise disposed to volunteer any observations. 1841 Mrs. Mozley Lost Brooch II. xiii. 99 This was what I call forward in a servant, to volunteer explanations. 1860 W. Collins Woman in White (new ed.) III. xi. 186 I did not feel called on to volunteer any statement of my own private convictions. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. ii. 54 He volunteered no information about himself and his past life at Smyrna. elliptical.1893 H. Crackanthorpe Wreckage 178 When he started out late at night, he never volunteered where he was going. 6. To offer to give or supply. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > offer or action of offering > offer [verb (transitive)] > offer to give or supply volunteer1814 1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park II. ix. 200 Thursday..opened with more kindness to Fanny than such..unmanageable days often volunteer . View more context for this quotation 1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab i. 6 A delegate of the Ta‘amirah..volunteered a guard of his tribe. 7. With away: To surrender voluntarily. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)] > voluntarily volunteer1807 1807 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 82 I..do not wish to volunteer away that portion of tranquillity, which a firm execution of my duties will permit me to enjoy. Derivatives volunˈteered adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > [adjective] > relating to voluntary action > freely undertaken voluntar1581 volunteer1720 volunteered1845 1845 Times 1 Nov. 4/4 The members of the press retired..from the hall, into which they had been invited by the volunteered cards of admission from the benchers. 1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Theophrastus Such i. 7 The fellow-feeling which should restrain us from turning our volunteered and picked confessions into an act of accusation against others. 1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 791 With Godwin Shelley had opened a volunteered correspondence late in 1811. 1903 J. Morley Life Gladstone II. v. ii. 20 He was not forbidden to proceed upon his volunteered mission. volunˈteering adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > [adjective] > relating to voluntary action > volunteer (of persons) voluntary1593 volunteer1661 volunteering1797 society > armed hostility > military organization > enlistment or recruitment > [adjective] > relating to voluntary service > serving as volunteer voluntary1586 volunteer1653 volunteering1797 1797 J. Symonds in A. Young Autobiogr. (1898) xii. 304 You justly reprobate volunteering infantry. 1864 G. Meredith Emilia in Eng. I. xiv. 180 In the end, they deputed the volunteering Adela to sit with him in the library. Draft additions 1993 c. ironic. To assign or commit (another) to a particular undertaking, typically without his or her consent. Frequently in passive. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)] > commit to a course of action > commit another to an undertaking volunteer1959 1959 C. Ogburn Marauders (1960) iv. 143 ‘You don't feel like flying any more?’ his commanding officer had inquired. ‘O.K., we'll see if you like walking any better.’ So he had been volunteered to us. 1982 Daily Tel. 4 Oct. 8/7 She was ‘volunteered’ to play in the tournament..by Mr William Menick. 1987 R. Hill There are no Ghosts in Soviet Union 6 ‘OK, I'll go,’ he said, knowing that if Kedin had volunteered him, he really had no choice anyway. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.a1618v.1755
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