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单词 vitreous
释义

vitreousadj.

Brit. /ˈvɪtrɪəs/, U.S. /ˈvɪtriəs/
Forms: Also 1700s vitrious.
Etymology: < Latin vitreus of glass, glassy, bright, etc., < vitrum glass, vitrum n.: see -ous suffix. Compare French vitreux, -euse.
1.
a. Of or belonging to, consisting or composed of, glass; of the nature of glass; glassy. vitreous silica, an amorphous, translucent or transparent form of silica obtained by rapid quenching from the molten state.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [adjective]
glassy1398
vitrial1605
vitreous1646
vitrean1656
vitrine1656
hyalinea1661
vitrid1777
vitrous1779
semi-vitreous1783
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [noun] > glass-like materials
specular stone1577
murra1598
talc1601
isinglass1750
mica1778
Muscovy glass1794
muscovite1850
Vitreosil1909
vitreous silica1925
windolite1927
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. i. 51 Calcination or reducing it by Arte, into a subtile powder, by which way and a vitreous commixture, glasses are sometime made hereof. View more context for this quotation
1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. i. ii. 15 The tumid Bladder bounds at every Kick, bursts the withstanding Casements, the Chassys, Lanterns, and all the brittle vitrious Ware.
1785 W. Cowper Task v. 161 Mirrour needed none Where all was vitreous.
1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing II. ii. iv. iv. 275 A vessel of earthenware with a vitreous coat.
1830 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. (new ed.) vii. 217 Glass would then be easily acted upon, and..the product obtained would not be pure, but a combination, with part of the vitreous matter.
1852 C. Dickens Plated Article in Househ. Words 24 Apr. 120/2 Of course, you saw the glaze—composed of various vitreous materials—laid over every article.
1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. ii. ii. §4. 105 The final stiffening of a vitreous mass into solid stone.
1925 J. W. Mellor Comprehensive Treat. Inorg. & Theoret. Chem. VI. xl. 288 Various names are applied to the vitrified quartz—thus, quartz-glass, vitreous-silica, fused quartz,..etc.
1971 Materials & Technol. II. i. 22 Transparent vitreous silica is used for the production of lenses..and other optical elements which are required to transmit ultraviolet or infra-red rays.
figurative.1836 New Monthly Mag. 46 206 He had left the vitreous and mercurial clime of France..for the voluptuous and indolent air of Italy.
b. Geology and Mineralogy. Resembling glass in brittleness, hardness, lustre, and mode of cleavage.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > mineral structure or appearance > [adjective] > vitreous
vitreous1774
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > texture or colour > [adjective] > texture > vitreous
vitreous1774
1774 in Forster Voy. (1777) I. 587 Some of them carried arms,..which were headed with a black vitreous lava.
1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 409 All real lavas except those of the vitreous kind affect the magnetic needle, unless the iron they contain be much oxygenated.
1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy I. 45 There are..evidences of a vitreous lava in one of the isles of Faroe.
1839 R. I. Murchison Silurian Syst. xxii. 284 It is often intersected by numerous veins of vitreous quartz.
1855 D. T. Ansted et al. in Orr's Circle Sci.: Inorg. Nature 498 Redruthite.—Vitreous Copper. Prismatic Copper Glance.
1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 306 Vitreous Silver. Native argentic sulphide.
1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. ii. ii. §4. 100 Crystallites..seem to be earlier or peculiar forms of crystallization developed..in many vitreous rocks.
c. Chemistry. Resembling glass in composition.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > silicon > [adjective] > compounds
vitreous1800
1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. I. 369 There remains in the retort a vitreous mass,..which is very pure arsenic acid.
1826 W. Henry Elem. Chem. I. 363 Equal parts of potassium and very pure and vitreous boracic acid were put into a copper tube.
1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xiv. 122 Like sulphur, it [sc. selenium] is capable of existing in various allotropic modifications, one of which is crystalline, the other vitreous.
d. Anatomy and Zoology. (See quots.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Parazoa > phylum Porifera > [adjective] > relating to a sponge > of parts of sponge > of skeleton
vitreous1858
(a)
1858 G. M. Humphry Treat. Human Skeleton 206 The separation of the outer and inner tables of the skull by the intervening diplöe... The inner, or ‘vitreous’ table, which is the most dense.
1866 Chambers's Encycl. VIII. 759 An inner dense, brittle, and somewhat glass-like layer, known as the vitreous table or layer.
(b)1873 C. W. Thomson Depths of Sea vii. 422 When the first specimen of Hyalonema was brought home, the other vitreous sponges..were unknown.1879 W. B. Carpenter in Encycl. Brit. IX. 378/2 The Vitreous Foraminifera may be grouped into three families.1879 W. B. Carpenter in Encycl. Brit. IX. 385/1 The material of their ‘porcellanous’ or ‘vitreous’ skeletons.1896 J. W. Kirkaldy & E. C. Pollard tr. J. E. V. Boas Text Bk. Zool. 121 Vitreous sponges (Hexactinellidæ) are silicious forms, characterised by the striking beauty of the skeleton, which is like spun-glass.
e. vitreous enamel: = enamel n. 1a, porcelain enamel n. So vitreous-enamelled adj., vitreous enamelling.
ΚΠ
1916 Chem. Abstr. 10 261 (heading) Vitreous enamels or glazes for pottery, etc.
1939 Burns & Schuh Protective Coatings for Metals xvi. 381 Vitreous or porcelain enamels are essentially fused silicates or glasses holding in suspension a colloidal dispersion of color oxides, opacifiers and gases.
1963 G. S. Brady Materials Handbk. (ed. 9) 281 Vitreous enameled metals are used for cooking utensils, signs, chemical tanks and piping, [etc.].
1977 R. B. Ross Handbk. Metal Treatm. 389 Vitreous enamelling was very popular in late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. With the advent of new materials, for example, aluminium in cooking ware,..the use of vitreous enamel declined and was confined very largely to articles such as baths.
1984 Worthington & Knight Home Plumbing 96/1 Modern materials are less resistant to abrasives than the traditional vitreous enamel.
2.
a. Medicine. Of phlegm: Having the thick viscid consistency of molten glass. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > mucus > [adjective] > having vitreous consistency
vitre?1527
vitreous1661
1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 437 Of phlegme, if salt, from thirst... If vitreous, from fixed paine.
1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician iii. 98 She voided much vitreous phlegm and bilious humours.
1707 J. Floyer Physician's Pulse-watch 75 A moderate degree of cold produces a sweet Phlegm..and the greatest an Acerbe vitrious slime towards the coldest time of Winter.
b. vitreous humour (or body), the transparent gelatinous substance occupying the posterior and larger part of the eyeball. †vitreous tunicle (see quot. 1704).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > sense organ > sight organ > parts of sight organ > [noun] > humours of
humoura1398
glassy humour?1541
aqueous humour1643
vitreous humour (or body)1663
hydatoid1706
vitreous1869
eye-water1874
aqueous1879
the world > life > the body > sense organ > sight organ > parts of sight organ > [noun] > humours of > film separating
vitreous tunicle1663
1663 R. Boyle Some Considerations Usefulnesse Exper. Nat. Philos. i. 96 We have sometimes..speedily frozen Eyes, and thereby have turn'd the Vitreous humor into very numerous and Diaphanous Films.
1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 747 As to the Vitreous humor, he judges it to be of that nature, that being once lost, it can never be repaired.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Vitrious Tunicle, a thin Film, or Coat, which is said to separate the Glassie Humour from the Chrystalline.
1723 J. Clarke tr. Rohault's Syst. Nat. Philos. I. i. xxix. 237 The Vitreous Humour..being one of the most transparent Things that we know of in the World.
1793 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 83 175 Its elasticity will assist the cellular texture of the vitreous humour..in restoring the indolent form.
1831 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) 559 The Vitreous Body is a soft, perfectly transparent, tremulous mass, occupying the three posterior fourths of the cavity of the ball of the eye.
1877 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. (1878) iii. ii. 398 The rays of light traverse in succession the cornea, the aqueous humour, the lens and the vitreous humour.
c. elliptical as n. = vitreous humour at sense 2b above.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > sense organ > sight organ > parts of sight organ > [noun] > humours of
humoura1398
glassy humour?1541
aqueous humour1643
vitreous humour (or body)1663
hydatoid1706
vitreous1869
eye-water1874
aqueous1879
1869 G. Lawson Dis. Eye (1874) 144 He has succeeded in thus extracting the lens without the loss of any vitreous.
1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 479 A quantity of the thin fluid vitreous escaped.
3. vitreous electricity n. positive electricity obtained from glass by friction.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > [noun] > electricity generated by friction
vitreous electricity1760
triboelectricity1917
1760 Philos. Trans. 1759 (Royal Soc.) 51 308 Experiments..respecting the vitreous and resinous electricities, as they are called.
1800 E. Darwin Phytologia xiii. iii. 311 Two electrick fluids diffused together, and strongly attracting each other; one..vitreous, the other resinous, electricity.
1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes i. 28 Thunder was not then mere Electricity, vitreous or resinous.
1860 R. W. Emerson Wealth in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 102 The genius of reading and of gardening are antagonistic, like resinous and vitreous electricity.
1879 R. A. Proctor Pleasant Ways Sci. xi. 238 If glass is briskly rubbed with silk it becomes charged..with positive electricity, formerly called vitreous electricity for this reason.
4.
a. Resembling that of glass; characteristic of glass.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [adjective] > characteristic of glass
vitreous1811
1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory ii. 193 The tears are..brittle, and break with a vitreous fracture.
1841 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 5) 130 This change from the vitreous to the crystalline state sometimes takes place suddenly.
1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 42 They form a..perfectly black mass,..generally possessing a fatty or vitreous lustre.
1863 A. C. Ramsay Physical Geol. & Geogr. Great Brit. (1878) i. 20 Modern lavas have often a vitreous structure (glassy) such as obsidian.
b. Having the colour or appearance of glass.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [adjective] > having form or appearance of glass
glazy1724
vitrificacious1794
vitriform1796
vitreous1874
1874 R. Buchanan Poet. Wks. I. 90 What time the pallid sickle wax'd Blue-edged and vitreous o'er the black'ning West.
1882 R. Buchanan Annan Water i The vitreous rays of the moon began playing on the window panes.
1900 B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms Vitreous,..transparent, hyaline; formerly used for the light green of glass.

Compounds

vitreous-like, vitreous-shelled adjs.
ΚΠ
1879 W. B. Carpenter in Encycl. Brit. IX. 378/1 The vitreous-shelled Foraminifera constitute the most elevated division of the group.
1902 Westm. Gaz. 22 Sept. 6/3 Some of the finer wares will break showing a vitreous-like substance.

Derivatives

ˈvitreousness n.
ΚΠ
1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1646
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