viva voceadv.adj.n.

Brit.

/ˌvʌɪvəˈvəʊtʃi/,

/ˌviːvəˈvəʊtʃi/,

/ˌvʌɪvəˈvəʊsi/,

/ˌviːvəˈvəʊsi/, U.S.

/ˌvivə ˈvoʊtʃeɪ/,

/ˌvaɪvə ˈvoʊsi/

Forms: Also vivâ voce.

Etymology: medieval Latin, lit. ‘by or with the living voice’, < Latin vīvā, ablative singular feminine of vīvus living, and vōce, ablative singular of vox voice. The expression viva vox is employed by classical Latin authors, but the use of the ablative phrase appears to be of later date. Compare Old French par vives voix (1258 in Du Cange), French de vive voix.

A. adv. By word of mouth; in speech; orally. (Frequently in parenthetic use.)

a. As distinct from writing. Also in or with viva voce.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > [adverb]

mouthlya1425

by word of mouthc1456

by tonguec1550

expressedlya1555

verbo1561

verbally1571

viva voce1581

ore tenusa1601

verbatima1616

orally1666

speakably1845

on the blob1851

(a)

1581 W. Charke in A. Nowell et al. True Rep. Disput. E. Campion (1584) iv. B b ij The Apostles taught viua voce, by liuely voyce.

1594 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) 5 243 Confessyd by Thomas Walpoole and by John Ingram (viua voce) That [etc.].

1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. B^v Yes sir, she's there, viua voce, to deliuer her auricular confession.

1695 J. Collier Misc. upon Moral Subj. 62 Instruction from Books, strikes the Imagination more faintly, than that which is delivered Viva voce.

1748 J. Lind Lett. Navy (1757) ii. 94 The manner of giving in the evidence in writing privately, and not viva voce in court,..gives room for great partiality.

1797 E. Berkeley in G. M. Berkeley Poems Pref. p. ccccxxxviii The good lady has frequently, vivâ voce, said to the Editor, ‘Ah!’ [etc.].

1802 M. Cutler Let. 7 Apr. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 102 But I must leave the accounts until I can give it to you viva voce.

1848 G. Struthers Orig. Secession Ch. 63 They were now required to answer separately and viva voce to the question.

1861 Two Cosmos I. 297 Let's hear ye viva voce now, man!

(b)1621 R. Cocks Diary (1883) II. 174 Whoe all 4 with viva voce accused the said Roan to doe the acte in their sight.1760 S. Foote Minor i. 17 I thought it was proper for you to examine him viva voce.

b. As distinct from silent reading or repetition: = aloud adv. and adj. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > [adverb] > out loud

vocally1606

viva voce1665

out loud1821

1665 R. Johnson Scholars Guide 7 Read the best Authors by periods, vivâ voce, thereby their stile will be secretly instilled into your minds.

1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks I. iii. 159 We might peradventure be less noisy and more profitable in Company, if at convenient times we discharg'd some of our articulate Sound, and spoke to ourselves vivâ voce when alone.

1834 in J. A. Henderson Ann. Lower Deeside (1892) 221 On the petition being read viva voce the Petitioner was desired, and required, to retire.

B. adj.

a. Conveyed or expressed in speech instead of writing; given or stated by word of mouth; spoken; oral.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > [adjective] > orally communicated

conveyed?1504

parol1590

auricular1605

oral1628

viva vocea1718

a1718 M. Prior Lie, Philo 10 Pursue me with Satyr:..But from all vivâ voce Reflection forbear.

1816 S. W. Singer Researches Hist. Playing Cards 165 This viva-voce testimony of a cotemporary witness places the matter beyond doubt.

1852 R. G. Latham Ethnol. Brit. Isles vii. 119 For Lincolnshire he had viva voce information from Cynebert.

1901 Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 8 54 When vivâ voce news and gossip were eagerly sought from fresh arrivals from the country.

b. Of an examination, etc.: Carried on or conducted by speech.In University use applied to a supplementary oral examination following upon one or other of the ordinary written examinations.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > [adjective] > orally communicated > of an exam, etc.

viva voce1815

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 239 But there are cases in which a viva voce conference [etc.].

1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 135/1 The vivâ voce part of each [examination] is carried on in Latin.

1845 J. Pycroft Collegian's Guide 265 In that case the vivâ voce examination and a second paper of questions may set all right.

C. n.

A viva voce examination. Frequently abbreviated viva n.²

ΘΚΠ

society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > oral or viva examination

viva voce1842

quiz1867

oral1876

defence1888

viva1891

1842 Abp. Temple in Mem. (1906) II. 433 When the day for Vivâ Voce came I was in no small fright.

1872 H. Kingsley Hornby Mills II. 52 His papers were simply admirable, and his ‘viva voce’ was as good as he had ever heard.

1888 Temple Bar Jan. 29 He was in for the terrible ordeal of a vivâ-voce before the Bishop.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	viva voce
释义	viva voceadv.adj.n. Brit. /ˌvʌɪvəˈvəʊtʃi/, /ˌviːvəˈvəʊtʃi/, /ˌvʌɪvəˈvəʊsi/, /ˌviːvəˈvəʊsi/, U.S. /ˌvivə ˈvoʊtʃeɪ/, /ˌvaɪvə ˈvoʊsi/ Forms: Also vivâ voce. Etymology: medieval Latin, lit. ‘by or with the living voice’, < Latin vīvā, ablative singular feminine of vīvus living, and vōce, ablative singular of vox voice. The expression viva vox is employed by classical Latin authors, but the use of the ablative phrase appears to be of later date. Compare Old French par vives voix (1258 in Du Cange), French de vive voix. A. adv. By word of mouth; in speech; orally. (Frequently in parenthetic use.) a. As distinct from writing. Also in or with viva voce. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > [adverb] mouthlya1425 by word of mouthc1456 by tonguec1550 expressedlya1555 verbo1561 verbally1571 viva voce1581 ore tenusa1601 verbatima1616 orally1666 speakably1845 on the blob1851 (a) 1581 W. Charke in A. Nowell et al. True Rep. Disput. E. Campion (1584) iv. B b ij The Apostles taught viua voce, by liuely voyce. 1594 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) 5 243 Confessyd by Thomas Walpoole and by John Ingram (viua voce) That [etc.]. 1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. B^v Yes sir, she's there, viua voce, to deliuer her auricular confession. 1695 J. Collier Misc. upon Moral Subj. 62 Instruction from Books, strikes the Imagination more faintly, than that which is delivered Viva voce. 1748 J. Lind Lett. Navy (1757) ii. 94 The manner of giving in the evidence in writing privately, and not viva voce in court,..gives room for great partiality. 1797 E. Berkeley in G. M. Berkeley Poems Pref. p. ccccxxxviii The good lady has frequently, vivâ voce, said to the Editor, ‘Ah!’ [etc.]. 1802 M. Cutler Let. 7 Apr. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 102 But I must leave the accounts until I can give it to you viva voce. 1848 G. Struthers Orig. Secession Ch. 63 They were now required to answer separately and viva voce to the question. 1861 Two Cosmos I. 297 Let's hear ye viva voce now, man! (b)1621 R. Cocks Diary (1883) II. 174 Whoe all 4 with viva voce accused the said Roan to doe the acte in their sight.1760 S. Foote Minor i. 17 I thought it was proper for you to examine him viva voce. b. As distinct from silent reading or repetition: = aloud adv. and adj. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > [adverb] > out loud vocally1606 viva voce1665 out loud1821 1665 R. Johnson Scholars Guide 7 Read the best Authors by periods, vivâ voce, thereby their stile will be secretly instilled into your minds. 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks I. iii. 159 We might peradventure be less noisy and more profitable in Company, if at convenient times we discharg'd some of our articulate Sound, and spoke to ourselves vivâ voce when alone. 1834 in J. A. Henderson Ann. Lower Deeside (1892) 221 On the petition being read viva voce the Petitioner was desired, and required, to retire. B. adj. a. Conveyed or expressed in speech instead of writing; given or stated by word of mouth; spoken; oral. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > [adjective] > orally communicated conveyed?1504 parol1590 auricular1605 oral1628 viva vocea1718 a1718 M. Prior Lie, Philo 10 Pursue me with Satyr:..But from all vivâ voce Reflection forbear. 1816 S. W. Singer Researches Hist. Playing Cards 165 This viva-voce testimony of a cotemporary witness places the matter beyond doubt. 1852 R. G. Latham Ethnol. Brit. Isles vii. 119 For Lincolnshire he had viva voce information from Cynebert. 1901 Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 8 54 When vivâ voce news and gossip were eagerly sought from fresh arrivals from the country. b. Of an examination, etc.: Carried on or conducted by speech.In University use applied to a supplementary oral examination following upon one or other of the ordinary written examinations. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > [adjective] > orally communicated > of an exam, etc. viva voce1815 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 239 But there are cases in which a viva voce conference [etc.]. 1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 135/1 The vivâ voce part of each [examination] is carried on in Latin. 1845 J. Pycroft Collegian's Guide 265 In that case the vivâ voce examination and a second paper of questions may set all right. C. n. A viva voce examination. Frequently abbreviated viva n.² ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > oral or viva examination viva voce1842 quiz1867 oral1876 defence1888 viva1891 1842 Abp. Temple in Mem. (1906) II. 433 When the day for Vivâ Voce came I was in no small fright. 1872 H. Kingsley Hornby Mills II. 52 His papers were simply admirable, and his ‘viva voce’ was as good as he had ever heard. 1888 Temple Bar Jan. 29 He was in for the terrible ordeal of a vivâ-voce before the Bishop. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adv.adj.n.1581
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