acoldadj.

Brit.

/əˈkəʊld/, U.S.

/əˈkoʊld/

Forms: Middle English acoild, Middle English acoold, Middle English–1500s acolde, Middle English– acold, 1600s acould; English regional 1800s– acaowd (Worcestershire), 1800s– acawld (southern), 1800s– acoolde (southern).

Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or (ii) formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: a prep.¹, cold n.; English *acold , acolded , acold v.

Etymology: Either < a prep.¹ + cold n. or < *acold, assimilated variant of acolded, past participle of acold v. Compare cold adj.The form acoild in quot. c1330 is difficult to account for.

Now rare (poetic and regional in later use).

Cool, chilled; cold. Chiefly in predicative use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > [adjective]

chealdc1000

coldc1290

acoldc1330

key-cold1529

winterly1547

coldrycke1552

bleaka1616

algid1623

gelid1659

unwarm1694

achill1858

cold as charity1864

parky1886

chillsome1927

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 650 Al to michel þou art afoild, Now þi blod it is acoild.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 247 (MED) He withoute..Be nyhte stant fulofte acold.

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 2658 Full yvel a-coold, in wynd and reyn.

1461 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 271 It begynyth to wax a cold abydyng her.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. v. 64 He beheld where satte an olde knight that was sore acolde.

1563 2nd Tome Homelyes ii. iii. f. 54^v Who haue nede eyther of meate when we be hungry, or drynke when we be thirstie, or clothyng when we be a colde.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xix. 191 Alwaies burning and euer chill a colde.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xi. 52 Toms a cold .

1660 Col. Baker Blazing-star 3 The Polish Nose is brave and bold, And the Russes Nose is oft acold.

1744 B. Franklin Papers (1960) II. 425 All they purpos'd was to have a Place to make a Fire in, by which they might warm themselves when acold.

1820 J. Keats Eve of St. Agnes in Lamia & Other Poems 83 The owl for all his feathers was a-cold.

1845 Knickerbocker 26 47 He must be a-cold. Make him a good warm toddy.

1863 A. B. Grosart Small Sins (ed. 2) 90 Their a-cold breath blights the fragile blossoms.

1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. IV 341 Before the sun of that day grew acold.

1948 E. Pound Pisan Cantos lxxi. 111 Ere the season died a-cold.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† acoldv.

Forms: see a- prefix¹ and cold v.; also late Middle English accold.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon akaldon (intransitive) to become cold, Old High German irkaltōn (intransitive) to become cold (also irkaltēn ; Middle High German erkalten , German erkalten ) < the Germanic base of or- prefix (compare a- prefix¹) + the Germanic base of cold v. With transitive use compare Middle High German erkelten (transitive) to make cold (German erkälten , now only in reflexive use ‘to catch a cold’). Compare acool v.

Obsolete.

1. intransitive. To become cold; (figurative) to decline in ardour, to cool off. Cf. acool v. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > be cold [verb (intransitive)] > become cold

acoldeOE

acooleOE

coldOE

keldea1300

akelec1380

refreidc1384

chillc1400

keel1450

refrigerate1559

frigefy1599

unwarm1826

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lviii. 447 Swa swa ðæt cealde ærest onginð wlacian, ær hit ful wearm weorðe, swa eac ðæt wearme wlacað, ær hit eallunga acealdige [L. reditur ad frigus].

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxxv. 483 He læg acealdod on nyþeweardum lymum, on þam breoste anum orþode þa gyt se gast.

?c1400 Erthe upon Erthe (St. John's Cambr.) st. 2 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1919) 138 58 (MED) Whan..erþe in erþe sone so a-colde, How may erþe in erþe be bolde.

c1450 T. Wimbledon Serm. (Hatton) 24 Þe syknesse of þe world þu schalt knowe bi charyte acoldyng.

2. transitive. To make cold; to chill. Also figurative. Cf. acool v. 2. archaic and historical in later use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > make cold [verb (transitive)] > cool

keelc825

akeleeOE

acool?a1200

acolda1250

coola1400

quencha1400

refroid1477

wear1674

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 183 Idel a coaldeð & acwenceð þis fur.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 202 (MED) Fleume..acoldiþ þe ioynctis & makiþ hem moist.

a1425 Of Mynystris in Chirche (Bodl. 788) in T. Arnold Sel. Eng. Wks. J. Wyclif (1871) II. 399 (MED) Siche breþeren þat han her charite a cooldid and wanten love of Goddis lawe.

?c1450 in G. Müller Aus Mittelengl. Medizintexten (1929) 37 (MED) Whanne þat a man felyth nowght hys owyn lymis þat ben acoldyd.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 96 When this knyght þat was accolded (& hit was grete froste) & he saw þe fyre, he descendid of his horse.

1883 J. Stevenson tr. C. Nau Hist. Mary Stewart Pref. p. clxxiii The feeling excited by this act of spoliation was very general, and ‘acolded so many of their stomachs’, that Moray thought it well to obtain the authority of Parliament.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	acold
释义	acoldadj. Brit. /əˈkəʊld/, U.S. /əˈkoʊld/ Forms: Middle English acoild, Middle English acoold, Middle English–1500s acolde, Middle English– acold, 1600s acould; English regional 1800s– acaowd (Worcestershire), 1800s– acawld (southern), 1800s– acoolde (southern). Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or (ii) formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: a prep.¹, cold n.; English acold , acolded* , acold v. Etymology: Either < a prep.¹ + cold n. or < acold, assimilated variant of acolded, past participle of acold v. Compare cold adj.The form acoild* in quot. c1330 is difficult to account for. Now rare (poetic and regional in later use). Cool, chilled; cold. Chiefly in predicative use. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > [adjective] chealdc1000 coldc1290 acoldc1330 key-cold1529 winterly1547 coldrycke1552 bleaka1616 algid1623 gelid1659 unwarm1694 achill1858 cold as charity1864 parky1886 chillsome1927 c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 650 Al to michel þou art afoild, Now þi blod it is acoild. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 247 (MED) He withoute..Be nyhte stant fulofte acold. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 2658 Full yvel a-coold, in wynd and reyn. 1461 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 271 It begynyth to wax a cold abydyng her. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. v. 64 He beheld where satte an olde knight that was sore acolde. 1563 2nd Tome Homelyes ii. iii. f. 54^v Who haue nede eyther of meate when we be hungry, or drynke when we be thirstie, or clothyng when we be a colde. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xix. 191 Alwaies burning and euer chill a colde. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xi. 52 Toms a cold . View more context for this quotation 1660 Col. Baker Blazing-star 3 The Polish Nose is brave and bold, And the Russes Nose is oft acold. 1744 B. Franklin Papers (1960) II. 425 All they purpos'd was to have a Place to make a Fire in, by which they might warm themselves when acold. 1820 J. Keats Eve of St. Agnes in Lamia & Other Poems 83 The owl for all his feathers was a-cold. 1845 Knickerbocker 26 47 He must be a-cold. Make him a good warm toddy. 1863 A. B. Grosart Small Sins (ed. 2) 90 Their a-cold breath blights the fragile blossoms. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. IV 341 Before the sun of that day grew acold. 1948 E. Pound Pisan Cantos lxxi. 111 Ere the season died a-cold. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † acoldv. Forms: see a- prefix¹ and cold v.; also late Middle English accold. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon akaldon (intransitive) to become cold, Old High German irkaltōn (intransitive) to become cold (also irkaltēn ; Middle High German erkalten , German erkalten ) < the Germanic base of or- prefix (compare a- prefix¹) + the Germanic base of cold v. With transitive use compare Middle High German erkelten (transitive) to make cold (German erkälten , now only in reflexive use ‘to catch a cold’). Compare acool v. Obsolete. 1. intransitive. To become cold; (figurative) to decline in ardour, to cool off. Cf. acool v. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > be cold [verb (intransitive)] > become cold acoldeOE acooleOE coldOE keldea1300 akelec1380 refreidc1384 chillc1400 keel1450 refrigerate1559 frigefy1599 unwarm1826 eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lviii. 447 Swa swa ðæt cealde ærest onginð wlacian, ær hit ful wearm weorðe, swa eac ðæt wearme wlacað, ær hit eallunga acealdige [L. reditur ad frigus]. OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxxv. 483 He læg acealdod on nyþeweardum lymum, on þam breoste anum orþode þa gyt se gast. ?c1400 Erthe upon Erthe (St. John's Cambr.) st. 2 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1919) 138 58 (MED) Whan..erþe in erþe sone so a-colde, How may erþe in erþe be bolde. c1450 T. Wimbledon Serm. (Hatton) 24 Þe syknesse of þe world þu schalt knowe bi charyte acoldyng. 2. transitive. To make cold; to chill. Also figurative. Cf. acool v. 2. archaic and historical in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > make cold [verb (transitive)] > cool keelc825 akeleeOE acool?a1200 acolda1250 coola1400 quencha1400 refroid1477 wear1674 a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 183 Idel a coaldeð & acwenceð þis fur. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 202 (MED) Fleume..acoldiþ þe ioynctis & makiþ hem moist. a1425 Of Mynystris in Chirche (Bodl. 788) in T. Arnold Sel. Eng. Wks. J. Wyclif (1871) II. 399 (MED) Siche breþeren þat han her charite a cooldid and wanten love of Goddis lawe. ?c1450 in G. Müller Aus Mittelengl. Medizintexten (1929) 37 (MED) Whanne þat a man felyth nowght hys owyn lymis þat ben acoldyd. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 96 When this knyght þat was accolded (& hit was grete froste) & he saw þe fyre, he descendid of his horse. 1883 J. Stevenson tr. C. Nau Hist. Mary Stewart Pref. p. clxxiii The feeling excited by this act of spoliation was very general, and ‘acolded so many of their stomachs’, that Moray thought it well to obtain the authority of Parliament. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.c1330v.eOE
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