Votyakn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈvəʊtjak/, U.S.

/ˈvoʊtˌjæk/

Inflections: Plural Votyaks, unchanged.

Forms: 1700s–1900s Wotiak, 1700s– Votiak Brit.

/ˈvəʊtɪak/, U.S.

/ˈvoʊdiˌæk/, 1800s– Votyak, 1800s– Wotyak.

Origin: A borrowing from Russian. Etymon: Russian votjak.

Etymology: < Russian votjak a member of the Udmurt people (16th cent. in Old Russian, also as otjak′′ ; also earlier (15th cent.) in a derivative adjective votjackij ) < (probably via Mari odo a member of the Udmurt people) Udmurt ud- in udmurt Udmurt n. + Russian -ak , -jak , suffix forming nouns (compare Rusnak adj.). Originally via French Votiak (1768 or earlier as Wotiak in the source translated in quot. 1770 at sense A. 1).Forms with v- show a common development of this consonant from an on-glide before a word-initial rounded vowel in Old Russian.

Now rare.

A. n.

1. A member of a Finno-Ugric people inhabiting the Ural mountain region of the Udmurt Republic in Russia.Although Votyak is still used occasionally, Udmurt is now the preferred term for both the people and their language.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Ural-Altaic > [adjective]

Votyak1770

Turanian1836

Ugrian1838

Ugric1854

1770 tr. J.-B. Chappe d'Auteroche Journey into Siberia 109 Sowialova is a hamlet inhabited by the Wotiaks [Fr. Wotiakes].

1885 W. Conn tr. V. Meignan From Paris to Pekin v. 90 I watched this Votiak disappearing gradually amid the trees like a spirit of the forest.

1938 G. Landtman Origin Inequality Social Classes viii. 122 Among the Wotyak sick persons are believed to be informed in a dream what sacrifice is necessary for their recovery.

2018 Russian Life (Montpelier, Vermont) Sept. 21 The Votyaks, as today's Udmurts were then known, were prohibited from brewing their national drink, ‘kumyshka’, or vodka distilled from mare's milk.

2. The language of the Votyak, belonging to the Permic branch of the Finno-Ugric language family.Now usually called Udmurt; see note at sense A. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Uralic > [noun] > Samoyedic > Finno-Ugric > Finnic > Baltic Finnic languages > Votyak

Votyak1789

Votic1908

Udmurt1944

Vote1963

1789 J. Trusler Habitable World Described IV. 230 Kam, in Wotiak, meaning a large river.

1908 T. G. Tucker Introd. Nat. Hist. Lang. 132 Permian proper, Siryenian and Votiak..are spoken by sparse populations near the Urals in the E.N.E. of European Russia.

1998 T. Riese in D. Abondolo Uralic Langs. viii. 253 Ever since the 1950s.., the opportunities for education in Zyrian and Votyak have been gradually whittled away.

B. adj.

Of, relating to, or belonging to the Votyak or their language.See note at sense A. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Uralic > [adjective] > Samoyed > Finno-Ugric languages > Finnic > Baltic Finnic

Votyak1770

Votic1890

Livonian1954

Karelian1967

1770 tr. J.-B. Chappe d'Auteroche Journey into Siberia 111 The Wotiak women [Fr. Les femmes Wotiakes] are generally very ugly.

1938 Notes & Queries 23 Apr. 291/2 Votyak folk-lore is influenced by the Persians.

1965 Jrnl. Folklore Inst. 2 156 The Votyak word inmar also has the semantic meaning ‘God’ in those compounds which designate the saints of the Orthodox Church.

2001 W. Dowler Classroom & Empire vi. 151 He outlined..a detailed plan for a Votiak school in Karlygan.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	votyak
释义	Votyakn.adj. Brit. /ˈvəʊtjak/, U.S. /ˈvoʊtˌjæk/ Inflections: Plural Votyaks, unchanged. Forms: 1700s–1900s Wotiak, 1700s– Votiak Brit. /ˈvəʊtɪak/, U.S. /ˈvoʊdiˌæk/, 1800s– Votyak, 1800s– Wotyak. Origin: A borrowing from Russian. Etymon: Russian votjak. Etymology: < Russian votjak a member of the Udmurt people (16th cent. in Old Russian, also as otjak′′ ; also earlier (15th cent.) in a derivative adjective votjackij ) < (probably via Mari odo a member of the Udmurt people) Udmurt ud- in udmurt Udmurt n. + Russian -ak , -jak , suffix forming nouns (compare Rusnak adj.). Originally via French Votiak (1768 or earlier as Wotiak in the source translated in quot. 1770 at sense A. 1).Forms with v- show a common development of this consonant from an on-glide before a word-initial rounded vowel in Old Russian. Now rare. A. n. 1. A member of a Finno-Ugric people inhabiting the Ural mountain region of the Udmurt Republic in Russia.Although Votyak is still used occasionally, Udmurt is now the preferred term for both the people and their language. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Ural-Altaic > [adjective] Votyak1770 Turanian1836 Ugrian1838 Ugric1854 1770 tr. J.-B. Chappe d'Auteroche Journey into Siberia 109 Sowialova is a hamlet inhabited by the Wotiaks [Fr. Wotiakes]. 1885 W. Conn tr. V. Meignan From Paris to Pekin v. 90 I watched this Votiak disappearing gradually amid the trees like a spirit of the forest. 1938 G. Landtman Origin Inequality Social Classes viii. 122 Among the Wotyak sick persons are believed to be informed in a dream what sacrifice is necessary for their recovery. 2018 Russian Life (Montpelier, Vermont) Sept. 21 The Votyaks, as today's Udmurts were then known, were prohibited from brewing their national drink, ‘kumyshka’, or vodka distilled from mare's milk. 2. The language of the Votyak, belonging to the Permic branch of the Finno-Ugric language family.Now usually called Udmurt; see note at sense A. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Uralic > [noun] > Samoyedic > Finno-Ugric > Finnic > Baltic Finnic languages > Votyak Votyak1789 Votic1908 Udmurt1944 Vote1963 1789 J. Trusler Habitable World Described IV. 230 Kam, in Wotiak, meaning a large river. 1908 T. G. Tucker Introd. Nat. Hist. Lang. 132 Permian proper, Siryenian and Votiak..are spoken by sparse populations near the Urals in the E.N.E. of European Russia. 1998 T. Riese in D. Abondolo Uralic Langs. viii. 253 Ever since the 1950s.., the opportunities for education in Zyrian and Votyak have been gradually whittled away. B. adj. Of, relating to, or belonging to the Votyak or their language.See note at sense A. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Uralic > [adjective] > Samoyed > Finno-Ugric languages > Finnic > Baltic Finnic Votyak1770 Votic1890 Livonian1954 Karelian1967 1770 tr. J.-B. Chappe d'Auteroche Journey into Siberia 111 The Wotiak women [Fr. Les femmes Wotiakes] are generally very ugly. 1938 Notes & Queries 23 Apr. 291/2 Votyak folk-lore is influenced by the Persians. 1965 Jrnl. Folklore Inst. 2 156 The Votyak word inmar also has the semantic meaning ‘God’ in those compounds which designate the saints of the Orthodox Church. 2001 W. Dowler Classroom & Empire vi. 151 He outlined..a detailed plan for a Votiak school in Karlygan. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.1770
随便看	to throw a person under the bus to throw a punch to throw a seven to throw a sheep's-eye at to throw a sheep's-eye upon to throw a sheep'seye at to throw a sheep'seye upon to throw a ship up in the wind to throw a ship up into the wind to throw a ship up on the wind to throw a sidelight on to throw a spanner in the works to throw a sprat to catch a mackerel to throw a stone or stones to throw a stone or stones at to throw a veil over to throw a whitey to throw a wingding to throw a wobbler to throw a wobbly to throw about to throw about one to throw abroad to throw adown toe-board