† waldconj.adv.

Forms: Old English weald, late Old English wealte, early Middle English wold, Middle English wald.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: wield v.

Etymology: Apparently < Old English weald, imperative singular of wealdan (see wield v.). The semantic development is not entirely clear, but compare uses of the verb with reference to the control of outcomes (e.g. wield v. 3).In origin apparently a development of the Old English use of the imperative singular of wealdan to form indefinite relatives, e.g. weald hwonne , in sense ‘whenever’, weald hū , probably in sense ‘however’ (compare similar use of look how at look v. 10a):OE Andreas (1932) 1355 Ær ðu gegninga guðe fremme, wiges woman, weald, hu ðe sæle æt þam gegnslege.OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxii. 357 Namon þa to ræde þæt him wærlicor wære þæt hi sumne dæl heora landes wurþes æthæfdon weald hu him getimode.OE Wulfstan Matthew on Last Days (Hatton 113) 121 Ðy man sceal wacigean & warnian symle þæt man geara weorðe huru to ðam dome, weald hwænne he us to cyme, we witan mid gewisse þæt hit þærto nealæcð georne.With this use compare the frequent use with indefinite pronouns at sense A. As adverb in use with though (see sense B.) sometimes interpreted as a conjunction (with clauses containing attestations punctuated as subordinate). See further B. Mitchell Old Eng. Syntax (1985) §§2937–9.

Obsolete.

A. conj.

In case; lest. Also with if.Frequently immediately preceding an indefinite pronoun, e.g. who, what (in these combinations sometimes approaching the senses ‘whoever’, ‘whatever’); cf. discussion in the etymology section.In quot. c1350 (second instance) perhaps with ellipsis of if.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [noun] > control and possession

wieldnesseOE

fathomOE

waldOE

wieldOE

wieldingOE

woldc1275

grip1508

gripe1532

graspa1616

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > if, in case, or lest [conjunction]

ifc825

lestc1000

waldOE

anda1225

lest whena1300

in case1357

anc1400

lest thatc1400

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > [noun] > weld

waldOE

weldc1374

wild woada1425

wolda1500

base rocket1578

yellow-weed1597

weld seed1765

wild mignonette1861

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) Pref. 176 Bið nu wislicor þæt gehwa ðis wite & cunne his geleafan, weald hwa ða micclan yrmðe gebidan sceole.

OE Wulfstan Institutes of Polity: Incipit de synodo (Junius) (1959) 212 Bisceopum gebyreð, þæt symle..mid heom wunian wel geþungene witan,..þæt heora gewitan beon on æghwylcne timan, weald hwæt heom tide.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3116 Wold quad god wile ðor-of crauen.

c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 33 To schryue hym wanne he seneȝed heþ, Wel syker þyng hyt were..Wald ȝef he sodeynlyche deiþ, And wald he hyt for-ȝete.

B. adv.

Only in wald though: perhaps, maybe.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xx. 194 Nyte ge ða micclan deopnysse godes gerynu; weald þeah [lOE Vesp. D.xiv wealte þeh] him beo alyfed gyt behreowsung.

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxxi. 271 Þis godspel ðincð dysegum mannum sellic, ac we hit secgað swa ðeah; weald ðeah hit sumum men licige.

lOE Homily: Gospel of Nicodemus (Vesp. D.xiv) in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 80 Uten us weres geceosan, & þa montes gefaren; wealte þeh we hine mugen gefinden.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	wald
释义	† waldconj.adv. Forms: Old English weald, late Old English wealte, early Middle English wold, Middle English wald. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: wield v. Etymology: Apparently < Old English weald, imperative singular of wealdan (see wield v.). The semantic development is not entirely clear, but compare uses of the verb with reference to the control of outcomes (e.g. wield v. 3).In origin apparently a development of the Old English use of the imperative singular of wealdan to form indefinite relatives, e.g. weald hwonne , in sense ‘whenever’, weald hū , probably in sense ‘however’ (compare similar use of look how at look v. 10a):OE Andreas (1932) 1355 Ær ðu gegninga guðe fremme, wiges woman, weald, hu ðe sæle æt þam gegnslege.OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxii. 357 Namon þa to ræde þæt him wærlicor wære þæt hi sumne dæl heora landes wurþes æthæfdon weald hu him getimode.OE Wulfstan Matthew on Last Days (Hatton 113) 121 Ðy man sceal wacigean & warnian symle þæt man geara weorðe huru to ðam dome, weald hwænne he us to cyme, we witan mid gewisse þæt hit þærto nealæcð georne.With this use compare the frequent use with indefinite pronouns at sense A. As adverb in use with though (see sense B.) sometimes interpreted as a conjunction (with clauses containing attestations punctuated as subordinate). See further B. Mitchell Old Eng. Syntax (1985) §§2937–9. Obsolete. A. conj. In case; lest. Also with if.Frequently immediately preceding an indefinite pronoun, e.g. who, what (in these combinations sometimes approaching the senses ‘whoever’, ‘whatever’); cf. discussion in the etymology section.In quot. c1350 (second instance) perhaps with ellipsis of if. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [noun] > control and possession wieldnesseOE fathomOE waldOE wieldOE wieldingOE woldc1275 grip1508 gripe1532 graspa1616 the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > if, in case, or lest [conjunction] ifc825 lestc1000 waldOE anda1225 lest whena1300 in case1357 anc1400 lest thatc1400 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > [noun] > weld waldOE weldc1374 wild woada1425 wolda1500 base rocket1578 yellow-weed1597 weld seed1765 wild mignonette1861 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) Pref. 176 Bið nu wislicor þæt gehwa ðis wite & cunne his geleafan, weald hwa ða micclan yrmðe gebidan sceole. OE Wulfstan Institutes of Polity: Incipit de synodo (Junius) (1959) 212 Bisceopum gebyreð, þæt symle..mid heom wunian wel geþungene witan,..þæt heora gewitan beon on æghwylcne timan, weald hwæt heom tide. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3116 Wold quad god wile ðor-of crauen. c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 33 To schryue hym wanne he seneȝed heþ, Wel syker þyng hyt were..Wald ȝef he sodeynlyche deiþ, And wald he hyt for-ȝete. B. adv. Only in wald though: perhaps, maybe. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xx. 194 Nyte ge ða micclan deopnysse godes gerynu; weald þeah [lOE Vesp. D.xiv wealte þeh] him beo alyfed gyt behreowsung. OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxxi. 271 Þis godspel ðincð dysegum mannum sellic, ac we hit secgað swa ðeah; weald ðeah hit sumum men licige. lOE Homily: Gospel of Nicodemus (Vesp. D.xiv) in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 80 Uten us weres geceosan, & þa montes gefaren; wealte þeh we hine mugen gefinden. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < conj.adv.OE
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